%0 conference poster %@ %A McCormick Zonderman, A., Ferdinand, M., Hildebrandt, L.M., Pröfrock, D. %D 2024 %J SETAC Europe 34th Annual Meeting %T Detection of Particulate and Metal(loid) Emissions from Offshore Wind Farms %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2024 %J SETAC Europe 34th Annual Meeting %T Urban Mining Riches: Unveiling the Economic Value in Electronic Scrap Material for Enhanced Recycling Strategies %U %X %0 journal article %@ 0304-3894 %A Hildebrandt, L., Fischer, M., Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Fensky, F., Siems, A., Zonderman, A., Hengstmann, E., Kirchgeorg, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2024 %J Journal of Hazardous Materials %P 134173 %R doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134173 %T An analytical strategy for challenging members of the microplastic family: Particles from anti-corrosion coatings %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134173 %X Potentially hazardous particles from paints and functional coatings are an overlooked fraction of microplastic (MP) pollution since their accurate identification and quantification in environmental samples remains difficult. We have applied the most relevant techniques from the field of microplastic analysis for their suitability to chemically characterize anti-corrosion coatings containing a variety of polymer binders (LDIR, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, Py-GC/MS) and inorganic additives (ICP-MS/MS). We present the basis of a possible toolbox to study the release and fate of coating particles in the (marine) environment. Our results indicate that, due to material properties, spectroscopic methods alone appear to be unsuitable for quantification of coating/paint particles and underestimate their environmental abundance. ICP-MS/MS and an optimized Py-GC/MS approach in combination with multivariate statistics enables a straightforward comparison of the multi-elemental and organic additive fingerprints of paint particles. The approach can improve the identification of unknown particles in environmental samples by an assignment to different typically used coating types. In future, this approach may facilitate allocation of emission sources of different environmental paint/coating particles. Indeed, future work will be required to tackle various remaining analytical challenges, such as optimized particle extraction/separation of environmental coating particles. %0 conference poster %@ %A Hildebrandt, L.M., Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2024 %J SETAC Europe 34 Annual Meeting %T Development and Validation of High-Throughput Methods for the Sampling, Extraction and Analysis of Marine Microplastics %U %X %0 journal article %@ 0167-6369 %A Siems, A., Zimmermann, T., Sanders, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2024 %J Environmental Monitoring and Assessment %P 539 %R doi:10.1007/s10661-024-12675-2 %T Dissolved trace elements and nutrients in the North Sea – a current baseline %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12675-2 %X Primary production is an important driver of marine carbon storage. Besides the major nutrient elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon, primary production also depends on the availability of nutrient-type metals (e.g., Cu, Fe, Mo) and the absence of toxicologically relevant metals (e.g., Ni, Pb). Especially in coastal oceans, carbon storage and export to the open ocean is highly variable and influenced by anthropogenic eutrophication and pollution. To model future changes in coastal carbon storage processes, a solid baseline of nutrient and metal concentrations is crucial. The North Sea is an important shelf sea, influenced by riverine, atmospheric, Baltic Sea, and North Atlantic inputs. We measured the concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NH4+, NO3−, PO43−, and SiO44−) and 26 metals in 337 water samples from various depths within the entire North Sea and Skagerrak. A principal component analysis enabled us to categorize the analytes into three groups according to their predominant behavior: tracers for seawater (e.g., Mo, U, V), recycling (e.g., NO3−, PO43−, SiO44−), and riverine or anthropogenic input (e.g., Ni, Cu, Gd). The results further indicate an increasing P-limitation and increasing anthropogenic gadolinium input into the German Bight. %0 conference poster %@ %A Siems, A., Sanders, T., Zimmermann, T., Wieser, M.E., Pröfrock, D. %D 2024 %J EGU General Assembly 2024 %T Release and turn-over of carbon, nitrogen and metals under oxic and suboxic conditions in long-term incubations of Skagerrak sediments %U %X %0 journal article %@ 1618-2642 %A Süssmann, J., Fischer, E.K., Hildebrandt, L., Walz, E., Greiner, R., Rohn, S., Fritsche, J. %D 2024 %J Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry %P 3459-3471 %R doi:10.1007/s00216-024-05296-8 %T Nile red-staining for rapid screening of plastic-suspect particles in edible seafood tissues %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05296-8 %X Concerns regarding microplastic (MP) contamination in aquatic ecosystems and its impact on seafood require a better understanding of human dietary MP exposure including extensive monitoring. While conventional techniques for MP analysis like infrared or Raman microspectroscopy provide detailed particle information, they are limited by low sample throughput, particularly when dealing with high particle numbers in seafood due to matrix-related residues. Consequently, more rapid techniques need to be developed to meet the requirements of large-scale monitoring. This study focused on semi-automated fluorescence imaging analysis after Nile red staining for rapid MP screening in seafood. By implementing RGB-based fluorescence threshold values, the need for high operator expertise to prevent misclassification was addressed. Food-relevant MP was identified with over 95% probability and differentiated from natural polymers with a 1% error rate. Comparison with laser direct infrared imaging (LDIR), a state-of-the-art method for rapid MP analysis, showed similar particle counts, indicating plausible results. However, highly variable recovery rates attributed to inhomogeneous particle spiking experiments highlight the need for future development of certified reference material including sample preparation. The proposed method demonstrated suitability of high throughput analysis for seafood samples, requiring 0.02–0.06 h/cm2 filter surface compared to 4.5–14.7 h/cm with LDIR analysis. Overall, the method holds promise as a screening tool for more accurate yet resource-intensive MP analysis methods such as spectroscopic or thermoanalytical techniques. %0 conference poster %@ %A Klein, O., Hildebrandt, L.M., Mara, R., Annika, J., Pröfrock, D. %D 2024 %J SETAC Europe 34th Annual Meeting %T Beyond the Surface: Spotlight on Plastic Metal(loid) Additive Leaching and Unseen Contaminants %U %X %0 dataset %@ %A Petrauskas, C., Kruse, M., Klein, O., El Gareb, F.R., Erbslöh, H.B., Ebeling, A., Pröfrock, D. %D 2024 %J PANGEA %R doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.963878 %T Grain size distribution for sediment samples of the cruise LP20200629 %U https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.963878 %X Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in and around offshore wind farms of the German Bight between 22.07.2020 and 25.07.2020 within the context of the Hereon-BSH project OffChEm. The sediment samples were taken by a box grab and analyzed for their grain size distribution by laser diffraction. %0 journal article %@ 2754-7205 %A Lange, M., Cabana, D., Ebeling, A. %A Ebinghaus, R., Joerss, H., Rölfer, L., Celliers, L. %D 2023 %J Cambridge Prisms: Coastal Futures %P E23 %R doi:10.1017/cft.2023.11 %T Climate-smart socially innovative tools and approaches for marine pollution science in support of sustainable development %U https://doi.org/10.1017/cft.2023.11 %X There is a complex interaction between pollution, climate change, the environment and people. This complex interplay of actions and impacts is particularly relevant in coastal regions, where the land meets the sea. To achieve sustainable development in coastal systems, a better understanding is necessary of the role and impact of pollution and the connectedness of the elements, namely, pollution, climate and the people, as well as associated impacts unfolding in an integrated social–ecological system (SES). In this context, the enabling capacity of tools connecting scientific efforts to societal demands is much debated. This paper establishes the basis for climate-smart socially innovative tools and approaches for marine pollution science. The goal of developing a set of innovative tools is twofold: first, to build on, integrate, and further improve the well-founded strengths in diagnosis and process understanding of systemic environmental problems; and, second, to provide decision-making with usable information to create actionable knowledge for managing the impact of marine pollution on the SES under a changing climate. The paper concludes by establishing the scope for a ‘last mile’ approach incorporating scientific evidence of pollution under climate change conditions into decision-making in a SES on the coast. The paper uses case studies to demonstrate the need for collaborative tools to connect the science of coastal pollution and climate with decision-making on managing human activities in a SES. %0 conference lecture %@ %A Przibilla, A., Sanders, T., Zimmermann, T., Schulz, G., Nantke, C., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J Goldschmidt Conference 2023 %T Response of metal contaminated Skagerrak sediments to changing oxygen conditions %U %X %0 journal article %@ 1618-2642 %A Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry %P 3041-3049 %R doi:10.1007/s00216-023-04611-z %T Laser microdissection pressure catapulting (LMPC): a new technique to handle single microplastic particles for number-based validation strategies %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04611-z %X This study examines laser microdissection pressure catapulting (LMPC) as an innovative method for microplastic research. Laser pressure catapulting as part of commercially available LMPC microscopes enables the precise handling of microplastic particles without any mechanical contact. In fact, individual particles with sizes between several micrometers and several hundred micrometers can be transported over centimeter-wide distances into a collection vial. Therefore, the technology enables the exact handling of defined numbers of small microplastics (or even individual ones) with the greatest precision. Herewith, it allows the production of particle number-based spike suspensions for method validation. Proof-of-principle LMPC experiments with polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate model particles in the size range from 20 to 63 µm and polystyrene microspheres (10 µm diameter) demonstrated precise particle handling without fragmentation. Furthermore, the ablated particles showed no evidence of chemical alteration as seen in the particles’ IR spectra acquired via laser direct infrared analysis. We propose LMPC as a promising new tool to produce future microplastic reference materials such as particle-number spiked suspensions, since LMPC circumvents the uncertainties resulting from the potentially heterogeneous behavior or inappropriate sampling from microplastic suspensions. Furthermore, LMPC could be advantageous for the generation of very accurate calibration series of spherical particles for microplastic analysis via pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (down to 0.54 ng), as it omits the dissolution of bulk polymers. %0 conference lecture %@ %A Römerscheid, M. %A Lips, S., Hildebrandt, L., Schmitt-Jansen, M., Pröfrock, D., Jahnke, A. %D 2023 %J SETAC Europe 2023 %T Prioritization of consumer plastics for further testing based on artificial weathering combined with bioanalytical and chemical screening %U %X %0 journal article %@ 0025-326X %A Hansen, J., Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., El Gareb, F., Fischer, E.K., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J Marine Pollution Bulletin %P 114880 %R doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114880 %T Quantification and characterization of microplastics in surface water samples from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean using Laser Direct Infrared Imaging %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114880 %X Total number concentrations ranged from 47 to 2154 microplastic particles per m3 (average for all stations: 500 ± 700 microplastic particles m−3 (1 SD; n = 8)). In total, 20 polymer types were identified. The most common polymer types were polyethylene terephthalate (20 %) and acrylates/polyurethane/varnish (15 %). 93 % of the detected microplastics were smaller than 100 μm in length. Analysis of sample replicates indicates high spatio-temporal variations in microplastic pollution within the investigated region. %0 doctoral thesis %@ %A Klein, O. %D 2023 %J %T Investigation of the occurrence, distribution and fate of "Technology - Critical Elements" as potential "Emerging Contaminants" in the aquatic environment %U %X the classical heavy metals. In general, elevated mass fractions of Zn, Ge, In, La, Sm, and Gd along the Rhine indicate significant anthropogenic input. Thus, the findings and data of this study represent a good starting point to improve our understanding of the behavior of TCEs in complex river systems such as the Rhine. Furthermore, the data contribute to a better understanding of potential TCE sources in the North Sea, as the Rhine is an important main tributary to the North Sea, contributing significantly to the mass transport of suspended sediments as well as pollutants to coastal regions. This work demonstrates, the potential of ICP-MS/MS to analyze poorly studied analytes such as TCEs and thus to gain initial insights into their occurrence and fate within the environment. Secondly, the results of the studies indicate the potential negative impact of TCEs on the environment, which can be identified by analytical methods such as ICPMS/ MS in combination with multivariate statistics. %0 conference lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J SETAC Europe 2023 %T Microplastic analysis of complex marine water and sediment samples %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J 54th annual conference of the DGMS %T Exploiting the Urban Mine - Methodology for TCE determination in electronic scrap material using ICP-MS/MS %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Przibilla, A., Iwainski, S., Zimmermann, T., Nantke, C., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J 54th annual conference of the DGMS %T Analysis of dissolved trace metals in North Sea water: How to obtain reliable data using ICP-MS/MS? %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Pohl, F., Hildebrandt, L., O’Dell, J., Talling, P., Baker, M., El Gareb, F., La Nasa, J., De Falco, F., Mattonai, M., Ruffell, S., Eggenhuisen, J., Modugno, F., Pröfrock, D., Pope, E., Silva Jacinto, R., Heijnen, M., Hage, S., Simmons, S., Hasenhündl, M., Heerema, C. %D 2023 %J Bouma Deep Water Geoscience Conference %T The submarine Congo Canyon as a conduit for microplastics to the deep sea %U %X %0 journal article %@ 2305-6304 %A den Otter, J., Pröfrock, D., Bünning, T., Strehse, J., Van der Heijden, A., Maser, E. %D 2023 %J Toxics %N 3 %P 238 %R doi:10.3390/toxics11030238 %T Release of Ammunition-Related Compounds from a Dutch Marine Dump Site %U https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030238 3 %X After World War II, large amounts of ammunition were dumped in surface waters worldwide, potentially releasing harmful and toxic compounds to the environment. To study their degradation, ammunition items dumped in the Eastern Scheldt in The Netherlands were surfaced. Severe damage due to corrosion and leak paths through the casings were observed, making the explosives in the ammunition accessible to sea water. Using novel techniques, the concentrations of ammunition-related compounds in the surrounding seabed and in the seawater were analyzed at 15 different locations. In the direct vicinity of ammunition, elevated concentrations of ammunition-related compounds (both metals and organic substances) were found. Concentrations of energetic compounds ranged from below the limit of detection (LoD) up to the low two-digit ng/L range in water samples, and from below the LoD up to the one-digit ng/g dry weight range in sediment samples. Concentrations of metals were found up to the low microgram/L range in water and up the low ng/g dry weight in sediment. However, even though the water and sediment samples were collected as close to the ammunition items as possible, the concentrations of these compounds were low and, as far as available, no quality standards or limits were exceeded. The presence of fouling, the low solubility of the energetic compounds, and dilution by the high local water current were concluded to be the main causes for the absence of high concentrations of ammunition-related compounds. As a conclusion, these new analytical methods should be applied to continuously monitor the Eastern Scheldt munitions dump site. %0 conference poster %@ %A Wippermann, D., Zonderman, A., Ebeling, A., Klein, O., Hans-Burkhard, E., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry %T Potential of ICP-MS/MS to study the impact of trace metals released from offshore wind farm corrosion protection on marine biota %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Pröfrock, D., Przibilla, A., Klein, O., Hildebrandt, L., Ebeling, A., el Gareb, F., Rohrweber, A., Witthoff, C., Zimmermann, T. %D 2023 %J European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry %T New Applications of ICP-MS/MS and MC ICP-MS to study the chemical anthropocene %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Pröfrock, D., Ebeling, A., Wippermann, D., Klein, O., Zimmermann, T. %D 2023 %J Workshop des AK Umweltmonitorings der GDCH %T Offshore Windfarms als potentielle Punktquellen für Schadstoffe in der Marinen Umwelt %U %X %0 other %@ %A Klein, O. %D 2023 %J %T Investigation of the occurrence, distribution and fate of „Technology - Critical Elements“ as potential „Emerging Contaminants“ in the aquatic environment %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Pohl, F., De Falco, F., Russell, C., Hildebrandt, L., Miramontes, E. %D 2023 %J EGU General Assembly 2023 %T How could it get any worse? The ecotoxic legacy of plastic pollution and the role of plastic transport and distribution; fragmentation; degradation; and leaching of chemical additives %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Fensky, F., Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J Wasser 2023 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft %T Bestimmung elementarer Fingerabdrücke von Korrosionsschutzbeschichtungen mittels ICP-MS/MS als wichtiger Baustein für die Mikroplastikanalytik %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Ebeling, A., Wippermann, D., Zonderman, A., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Erbslöh, H., Kirchgeorg, T., Weinberg, I., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry 2023 %T From offshore wind to green Power-to-X products – how ICP-MS can help to monitor potential emerging chemical emissions %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Hildebrandt, L., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry %T Using ICP-MS/MS in complex environments - spatial distribution and possible sources of technology-critical elements %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Hildebrandt, L., Fensky, F., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry %T Elemental fingerprint analysis of (micro) plastics via ICP-MS/MS – A possible tool for source tracing? %U %X %0 journal article %@ 0025-326X %A Ebeling, A., Wippermann, D., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Kirchgeorg, T., Weinberg, I., Hasenbein, S., Plaß, A., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J Marine Pollution Bulletin %P 115396 %R doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115396 %T Investigation of potential metal emissions from galvanic anodes in offshore wind farms into North Sea sediments %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115396 %X To evaluate potential metal emissions from offshore wind farms (OWFs), 215 surface sediment samples from different German North Sea OWFs taken between 2016 and 2022 were analyzed for their mass fractions of metals and their isotopic composition of Sr. For the first time, this study provides large-scale elemental data from OWFs of the previously proposed galvanic anode tracers Cd, Pb, Zn, Ga and In. Results show that mass fractions of the legacy pollutants Cd, Pb and Zn were mostly within the known variability of North Sea sediments. At the current stage the analyzed Ga and In mass fractions as well as Ga/In ratios do not point towards an accumulation in sediments caused by galvanic anodes used in OWFs. However, further investigations are advisable to evaluate long-term effects over the expected lifetime of OWFs, especially with regard to the current intensification of offshore wind energy development. %0 conference poster %@ %A Pohl, F., Hildebrandt, L., O’Dell, J., Talling, P., Baker, M., El Gareb, F., La Nasa, J., De Falco, F., Mattonai, M., Ruffell, S., Eggenhuisen, J., Modugno, F., Proefrock, D., Pope, E., Silva Jacinto, R., Heijnen, M., Hage, S., Simmons, S., Hasenhündl, M., Heerema, C. %D 2023 %J EGU General Assembly 2023 %T The submarine Congo Canyon as a conduit for microplastics to the deep sea %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Ebeling, A., Wippermann, D., Zonderman, A., Klein, O., Erbslöh, B., Kirchgeorg, T., Weinberg, I., Hasenbein, S., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J Künstliche Intelligenz vs. Maritime Korrosion - Where do we go? %T Korrosionsschutz und dessen Umweltauswirkung am Beispiel von Offshore Windkraftanlagen %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Hoppe, P., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J 7th PhD Seminar of the German Working Group for Analytical Spectroscopy (DAAS) in the GDCh Division of Analytical Chemistry %T How pollutants are transported - Distribution of organic and inorganic pollutants in different Elbe compartments %U %X %0 dataset %@ %A Ebeling, A., Klein, O., El Gareb, F.R., Erbslöh, H.B., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J PANGEA %R doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.963874 %T Oceanographic parameters for the sample stations of Ludwig Prandtl cruise LP20200629 %U https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.963874 %X Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in and around offshore wind farms of the German Bight between 22.07.2020 and 25.07.2020 within the context of the Hereon-BSH project OffChEm. At every sampling station oceanographic parameters were measured directly on board with respective probes of a multimeter for pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and conductivity. Additionally the current associated weather conditions (temperature in air, wind speed, air pressure) were noted from the ship system. %0 dataset %@ %A Ebeling, A., Petrauskas, C., Kruse, M., Rust, B., Pieper, A., Klein, O., El Gareb, F.R., Erbslöh, H.B., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J PANGEA %R doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.963886 %T Metal distribution for sediment samples of Ludwig Prandtl cruise LP20200629 %U https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.963886 %X Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in and around offshore wind farms of the German Bight between 22.07.2020 and 25.07.2020 within the context of the Hereon-BSH project OffChEm. The surface sediment samples were taken by a box grab, homogenized, freeze-dried and wet-sieved to gain the <20 µm grain size fraction. The <20 µm grain size fraction was acid digested and measured by ICP-MS/MS for their (trace) metal mass fractions. %0 journal article %@ 1554-7531 %A Przibilla, A., Iwainski, S., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J Water Environment Research %N 9 %P e10922 %R doi:10.1002/wer.10922 %T Impact of storage temperature and filtration method on dissolved trace metal concentrations in coastal water samples %U https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.10922 9 %X Trace elements play a major role in biogeochemical cycles and oceanographic processes. To determine trace element concentrations, the dissolved and particulate phase are usually separated by filtration. However, the frequently used membrane filtration as well as sample storage can bias the dissolved elemental concentrations by adsorption or desorption/contamination. We present a comparison of two filtration methods for coastal and estuarine water samples (pressure filtration with Nuclepore™ polycarbonate filters, vacuum filtration with DigiFILTER™s) applied to aliquots of a large-volume coastal water sample that were stored at -18 °C or 4 °C for up to nine weeks. The filtrates were analyzed by seaFAST-ICP-MS for dissolved Cd, Ce, Co, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ho, La, Mn, Mo, Nd, Pb, Pr, Sm, Tb, U, V, W, Y and Zn. The filtration blanks of DigiFILTER™s (0.0006 ± 0.0010 ng L-1 for Ho to 110 ± 180 ng L-1 for Zn) were sufficiently low for quantification of all analyzed elements with good repeatability, enabling a fast and reliable filtration of large sample sets of coastal water. However, the findings also highlight the need to measure procedural blanks including the filtration instead of only the instrument blanks to validate results. Measured concentrations of both filtration methods did not differ significantly for Cd, Cu, Mo, U, V, W, Zn but for other investigated elements, the ratio between both methods was up to 1.8 for Ce and 4.1 for Fe. Within nine weeks of storage, the elemental concentrations decreased significantly, resulting in losses of 20 % Mn in frozen samples and 63 % Pb, 64 % Co and 93 % Mn in cooled samples. %0 dataset %@ %A Ebeling, A., Voigt, N., Pehlke, C., Rust, B., Pieper, A., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J PANGEA %R doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.956893 %T Metal distribution and Sr and Pb stable isotope ratios for sediment samples of ATAIR cruise AT261 %U https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956893 %X Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in the surrounding and within different wind farms of the German Bight in April 2018 within the context of the Hereon-BSH project OffChEm. The surface sediment samples were taken by a box grab, homogenized, freeze-dried and wet-sieved to gain the <20 µm grain size fraction. The <20 µm grain size fraction was acid digested and measured by ICP-MS/MS for their (trace) metal mass fractions. The Sr and Pb isotope ratios were measured by MC ICP-MS after an automated matrix separation with a prepFAST MC system. %0 dataset %@ %A Ebeling, A., Voigt, N., Petrauskas, C., Ludwig, J., Rust, B., Pieper, A., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J PANGEA %R doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.963966 %T Metal distribution and Sr and Pb stable isotope ratios for sediment samples of Atair cruise AT275 %U https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.963966 %X Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in and around offshore wind farms of the German Bight between 06.03.2019 and 24.03.2019 within the context of the Hereon-BSH project OffChEm. The surface sediment samples were taken by a box grab, homogenized, freeze-dried and wet-sieved to gain the <20 µm grain size fraction. The <20 µm grain size fraction was acid digested and measured by ICP-MS/MS for their (trace) metal mass fractions. The Sr and Pb isotope ratios were measured by MC ICP-MS after an automated matrix separation with a prepFAST MCTM system. %0 journal article %@ 1618-2642 %A Wippermann, D., Zonderman, A., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry %R doi:10.1007/s00216-023-05081-z %T Determination of technology-critical elements in seafood reference materials by inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-05081-z %X The certified reference materials (CRMs) BCR-668 (mussel tissue), NCS ZC73034 (prawn), NIST SRM 1566a (oyster tissue) and NIST SRM 2976 (mussel tissue) were analyzed for their mass fractions of 23 elements using inductively coupled plasma tandem-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS). This study focused on the quantification of selected technology-critical elements (TCEs), specifically rare earth elements (REE) and the less studied TCEs Ga, Ge, Nb, In and Ta. Microwave assisted closed vessel digestion using an acid mixture of HNO3, HCl and H2O2 was applied to varying sample masses and two different microwave systems. Recoveries of 76% (Gd, NCS ZC73034) to 129% (Lu, BCR-668) were obtained for the REE and 83% (Ge, NCS ZC73034) to 127% (Nb, NCS ZC73034) for the less studied TCEs across all analyzed CRMs (compared to certified values) using the best-performing parameters. Mass fractions for all analyzed, non-certified elements are suggested and given with a combined uncertainty U (k = 2), including mass fractions for Ga (11 µg kg-1 ± 9 µg kg-1 to 67 µg kg-1 ± 8 µg kg-1) and In (0.4 µg kg-1 ± 0.3 µg kg-1 to 0.8 µg kg-1 ± 0.7 µg kg-1). This study provides mass fractions of possible new emerging contaminants and addresses the relevant challenges in quantification of less studied TCEs, thus allowing the application of existing CRMs for method validation in studies dealing with the determination of TCEs in seafood or other biota. %0 conference poster %@ %A Rohrweber, A., Przibilla, A., Ebeling, A., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J Goldschmidt2023 Conference %T The spatial distribution of trace metals in North Sea and Baltic Sea - defining a baseline to study effects of potential ocean alkalinity enhancement activities %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Wippermann, D., Ebeling, A., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J 7th PhD Seminar of the German Working Group for Analytical Spectroscopy (DAAS) in the GDCh Division of Analytical Chemistry %T Using ICP-MS/MS to study the impact of offshore wind farms on the marine environment. %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Pohl, F., Mitrano, D., Zimmermann, T. %D 2023 %J SETAC North America 44th Annual Meeting %T The standardized Micro- and Nanoplastic Planet: Degradation; Fragmentation and Leaching %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Menger, F., Römerscheid, M., Nabi, D., Hildebrandt, L., Lips, S., Bedulina, D., Huber, C., Gandrass, J., Jahnke, A., Krauss, M., Beck, A., Joerss, H. %D 2023 %J International Conference on Non-Target Screening (ICNTS 23) %T Plastic, water & the sun – Characterization of chemicals leaching from plastic under UV light treatment %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J Agilent Microplastics Virtual Symposium 2023 %T Release of plastic additives and microplastic particles from different consumer products into water under accelerated UV weathering conditions %U %X %0 online contribution %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J Agilent LDIR 8700 User Community Meeting 2023 %T Development and validation of methods for the sampling; extraction and analysis of marine microplastics %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Wippermann, D., Klein, O., Zonderman, A., Ebeling, A., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J GeoBerlin 2023 – Geosciences Beyond Boundaries - Research, Society, Future %T The ongoing race between emerging contaminants and analytical chemistry: New approaches in ICP-MS/MS and determination of technology-critical elements in marine biota reference materials %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Ebeling, A., Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Rust, B., Wippermann, D., Faust, S., Irrgeher, J., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J GeoBerlin 2023 - Geosciences Beyond Boundaries - Research, Society, Future %T From rivers to the sea: determination and tracing of TCEs in natural waters %U %X %0 dataset %@ %A Pröfrock, D., Zimmermann, T., von der Au, M., Dutschke, F., Ercegovac, M., Irrgeher, J., Ruhnau, C., Schrödl, S., Erbslöh, H.B., Pieper, A. %D 2023 %J PANGEA %R doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.954520 %T Grain size distribution for the sediment sample stations of the Elbe river campaign LP201508 in 2015 %U https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.954520 %X Transport, distribution and remobilization processes of sediments and suspended matter of the Wadden Sea or within the marine areas have a major influence on the pollution situation of the these areas. The combined analysis of element fingerprints and isotope ratios of selected elements is suitable to provide valuable insights into the origin, transport pathways and distribution of sediments and suspended sediments within the study area. Thus, sediment and freshwater samples were taken from the German part of the Elbe river and its tributaries in August and October 2015 to identify their elemental and isotopic fingerprint and to investigate potential inputs of this major river system into the German Bight. All sediment samples were taken using a box grab and were analyzed for their grain size distribution by laser diffraction. %0 journal article %@ 0090-4341 %A Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Ebeling, A., Kruse, M., Kirchgeorg, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology %N 4 %P 481-492 %R doi:10.1007/s00244-022-00929-4 %T Occurrence and Temporal Variation of Technology-Critical Elements in North Sea Sediments - A Determination of Preliminary Reference Values %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-022-00929-4 4 %X As interest in the investigation of possible sources and environmental sinks of technology-critical elements (TCEs) continues to grow, the demand for reliable background level information of these elements in environmental matrices increases. In this study, a time series of ten years of sediment samples from two different regions of the German North Sea were analyzed for their mass fractions of Ga, Ge, Nb, In, REEs, and Ta (grain size fraction < 20 µm). Possible regional differences were investigated in order to determine preliminary reference values for these regions. Throughout the investigated time period, only minor variations in the mass fractions were observed and both regions did not show significant differences. Calculated local enrichment factors ranging from 0.6 to 2.3 for all TCEs indicate no or little pollution in the investigated areas. Consequently, reference values were calculated using two different approaches (Median + 2 median absolute deviation (M2MAD) and Tukey inner fence (TIF)). Both approaches resulted in consistent threshold values for the respective regions ranging from 158 µg kg−1 for In to 114 mg kg−1 for Ce. As none of the threshold values exceed the observed natural variation of TCEs in marine and freshwater sediments, they may be considered baseline values of the German Bight for future studies. %0 journal article %@ 0269-7491 %A Logemann, A., Reininghaus, M., Schmidt, M., Ebeling, A., Zimmermann, T., Wolschke, H., Friedrich, J., Brockmeyer, B., Pröfrock, D., Witt, G. %D 2022 %J Environmental Pollution %P 119040 %R doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119040 %T Assessing the chemical anthropocene – Development of the legacy pollution fingerprint in the North Sea during the last century %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119040 %X The North Sea and its coastal zones are heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities, which has resulted in significant chemical pollution ever since the beginning of the industrialization in Europe during the 19th century. In order to assess the chemical Anthropocene, natural archives, such as sediment cores, can serve as a valuable data source to reconstruct historical emission trends and to verify the effectiveness of changing environmental legislation. In this study, we investigated 90 contaminants covering inorganic and organic pollutant groups analyzed in a set of sediment cores taken in the North Seas' main sedimentation area (Skagerrak). We thereby develop a chemical pollution fingerprint that records the constant input of pollutants over time and illustrates their continued great relevance for the present. Additionally, samples were radiometrically dated and PAH and PCB levels in porewater were determined using equilibrium passive sampling. Furthermore, we elucidated the origin of lead (Pb) contamination utilizing non-traditional stable isotopic analysis. Our results reveal three main findings: 1. for all organic contaminant groups covered (PAHs, OCPs, PCBs, PBDEs and PFASs) as well as the elements lead (Pb) and titanium (Ti), determined concentrations decreased towards more recent deposited sediment. These decreasing trends could be linked to the time of introductions of restrictions and bans and therefor our results confirm, amongst possible other factors, the effectiveness of environmental legislation by revealing a successive change in contamination levels over the decades. 2. concentration trends for ΣPAH and ΣPCB measured in porewater correspond well with the ones found in sediment which suggests that this method can be a useful expansion to traditional bulk sediment analysis to determine the biologically available pollutant fraction. 3. Arsenic (As) concentrations were higher in younger sediment layers, potentially caused by emissions of corroded warfare material disposed in the study area after WW II. %0 online contribution %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Hansen, J., Takyar, H., Lange, M., Zimmermann, T., Jahnke, A., Bergmann, M., Peeken, I., Tekman, M., Gerdts, G., Bellou, N., Pohl, F., Baldewein, L., Pröfrock, D., Ebinghaus, R. %D 2022 %J Coastal Pollution Toolbox %T Microplastic Compendium %U %X URL: www.microplastic-compendium.eu %0 journal article %@ 1618-3258 %A Hildebrandt, L., Nack, F., Zimmermann, T., El Gareb, F., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J Mitteilungen der Fachgruppe Umweltchemie und Oekotoxikologie %N 1 %P 7-10 %T Mikroplastik als Trojanisches Pferd für Spurenmetalle %U 1 %X giert auch als Trojanisches Pferd für gelöste Metallkationen. %0 journal article %@ 1751-908X %A Ebeling, A., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Irrgeher, J., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research %N 2 %P 351-378 %R doi:10.1111/ggr.12422 %T Analysis of Seventeen Certified Water Reference Materials for Trace and Technology-Critical Elements %U https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12422 2 %X Concentrations of elements in the aquatic environment are a key parameter for various scientific fields such as biogeochemistry, biology and environmental science. Within this context, the scientific community asks for new analytical protocols to be able to quantify more and more elements of the periodic table. Therefore, the requirements for aqueous reference materials have increased drastically. Even though a wide variety of CRMs of different water matrices are available, certified values of many elements (e.g., rare earth elements, technology-critical elements, such as Ga and In, and generally those elements which are not part of current monitoring regulations) do not yet exist. Therefore, the scientific community relies on published elemental concentrations of many CRMs provided by other researchers. Some elements of interest, such as the rare earth elements, are well studied and plenty of literature values exist. However, less studied elements, such as Ga and In, are rarely studied. In this study, an 'externally' calibrated quantification method based on an optimised online pre-concentration method, coupled with ICP-MS/MS, is used for the quantification of thirty-four elements. The method is applied to seventeen water CRMs covering freshwater, brackish water and seawater. The measured data is combined with a comprehensive literature review on non-certified values in selected water CRMs and new consensus values are suggested for various non-certified elements. %0 lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Nack, F., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J %T Nano-; microplastics and metals - how are they related? %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A El Gareb, F., Hildebrandt, L., Kerstan, A., Zimmermann, T., Emeis, K., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J SETAC Europe 2022 - annual meeting Copenhagen %T Investigation of microplastics in the tropical Indian Ocean using Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) Chemical Imaging and microwave-assisted sample preparation %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A El Gareb, F., Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Kerstan, A., Emeis, K., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J Wasser 2022 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft %T Analyse des Vorkommens und der Verteilung von Mikrokunststoffen im tropischen Indischen Ozean mittels Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) Chemical Imaging und mikrowellenunterstützter Probenaufbereitung %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Ebeling, A., Kruse, M., Kirchgeorg, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J Wasser 2022 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft %T Technologie-kritische Elemente - Entwicklung und Anwendung einer ICP-MS/MS basierten Methode zur Messung ihrer zeitlichen Variationen in Nordsee Sedimenten %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Nack, F., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J Wasser 2022 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft %T Mikroplastikpartikel als Sorbens für Metall- und Halbmetallionen %U %X %0 conference lecture (invited) %@ %A Pröfrock, D., Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Nack, F., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O. %D 2022 %J Analytic Conference %T ICP-MS/MS and LDIR as complementary technique in small micro- and nanoplastic Research - From method optimization to the study of environmentally relevant polymers as vector for trace metals %U %X %0 dataset %@ %A Voigt, N., Ebeling, A., Klein, O., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J PANGEA %R doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.946482 %T Grain size distribution for sediment samples of the cruise AT275 %U https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.946482 %X Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in and around offshore wind farms of the German Bight between 06.03.2019 and 24.03.2019. The sediment samples were taken by a box grab and analyzed for their grain size distribution by laser diffraction. %0 journal article %@ 0269-7491 %A Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Kerstan, A., Emeis, K., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J Environmental Pollution %P 119547 %R doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119547 %T Spatial distribution of microplastics in the tropical Indian Ocean based on laser direct infrared imaging and microwave-assisted matrix digestion %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119547 %X The mean microplastic concentration of the analyzed samples was 50 ± 30 particles/fibers m−3 (1 SD, n = 21). Number concentrations ranged from 8 to 132 particles/fibers m−3 (20–300 μm). The most abundant polymer clusters were acrylates/polyurethane/varnish (49%), polyethylene terephthalate (26%), polypropylene (8%), polyethylene (4%) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (4%). 96% of the microplastic particles had a diameter <100 μm. Though inter-study comparison is difficult, the investigated area exhibits a high contamination with particulate plastics compared to other open ocean regions. A distinct spatial trend was observed with an increasing share of the size class 20–50 μm from east to west. %0 conference lecture %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Mitrano, D., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J 28. ICP-MS Anwender*innentreffen und 14. Symposium massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse %T ICP-MS-basierte Elementanalytik zur Entwicklung neuer Probenahmetechniken für die Mikroplastikanalytik %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Przibilla, A., Iwainski, S., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J ICP-MS Anwender*innen Treffen %T Aufbereitung von Meerwasserproben für die Messung der Metallgehalte mittels seaFAST-ICP-MS: Einfluss von Filtrationsmethode und Lagerung auf die Ergebnisse %U %X %0 journal article %@ 1726-4170 %A Van Dam, B., Lehmann, N., Zeller, M., Neumann, A., Pröfrock, D., Lipka, M., Thomas, H., Böttcher, M. %D 2022 %J Biogeosciences %N 16 %P 3775-3789 %R doi:10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022 %T Benthic alkalinity fluxes from coastal sediments of the Baltic and North seas: comparing approaches and identifying knowledge gaps %U https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022 16 %X Benthic alkalinity production is often suggested as a major driver of net carbon sequestration in continental shelf ecosystems. However, information on and direct measurements of benthic alkalinity fluxes are limited and are especially challenging when biological and dynamic physical forcing causes surficial sediments to be vigorously irrigated. To address this shortcoming, we quantified net sediment–water exchange of alkalinity using a suite of complementary methods, including (1) 224Ra budgeting, (2) incubations with 224Ra and Br− as tracers, and (3) numerical modeling of porewater profiles. We choose a set of sites in the shallow southern North Sea and western Baltic Sea, allowing us to incorporate frequently occurring sediment classes ranging from coarse sands to muds and sediment–water interfaces ranging from biologically irrigated and advective to diffusive into the investigations. Sediment–water irrigation rates in the southern North Sea were approximately twice as high as previously estimated for the region, in part due to measured porewater 224Ra activities higher than previously assumed. Net alkalinity fluxes in the Baltic Sea were relatively low, ranging from an uptake of −35 to a release of 53 , and in the North Sea they were from 1 to 34 . Lower-than-expected apparent nitrate consumption (potential denitrification), across all sites, is one explanation for our small net alkalinity fluxes measured. Carbonate mineral dissolution and potentially precipitation, as well as sulfide re-oxidation, also appear to play important roles in shaping net sediment–water fluxes at locations in the North Sea and Baltic Sea. %0 dataset %@ %A Petrauskas, C., Ebeling, A., Zimmermann, T., Pieper, A., Irrgeher, J., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J PANGEA %R doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.951081 %T Metal distribution for sediment samples of the Ludwig Prandtl cruise LP20160725 %U https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.951081 %X Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in the surroundings of offshore wind farms of the German Bight between 25.07.2016 and 02.08.2016. The surface sediment samples were taken by a box grab, homogenized, freeze-dried and wet-sieved to gain the <20 µm grain size fraction. The <20 µm grain size fraction was acid digested and measured by ICP-MS/MS for their (trace) metal mass fractions. %0 dataset %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Pieper, A., Irrgeher, J., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J PANGEA %R doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.943759 %T Oceanographic parameters for the sample stations of Ludwig Prandtl cruise LP20160725 %U https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.943759 %X Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in the surroundings of offshore wind farms of the German Bight between 25.07.2016 and 02.08.2016. At every sampling station oceanographic parameters were measured directly on board with respective probes of a multimeter covering pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and conductivity. %0 dataset %@ %A Pieper, A., Zimmermann, T., Irrgeher, J., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J PANGEA %R doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.943761 %T Grain size distribution for sediment samples of Ludwig Prandtl cruise LP20160725 %U https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.943761 %X Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in the surroundings of offshore wind farms of the German Bight between 25.07.2016 and 02.08.2016. The sediment samples were taken by a box grab and were analyzed for their grain size distribution by laser diffraction. %0 journal article %@ %A Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Hildebrandt, L., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J Science of the Total Environment %P 158464 %R doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158464 %T Technology-critical elements in Rhine sediments - A case study on occurrence and spatial distribution %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158464 %X Obtained mass fractions in conjunction with corresponding geoaccumulation indices (Igeo) provide first indications of a possible enrichment along the Rhine for the TCEs of interest (Ga, Ge, Nb, In, Te, rare earth elements, and Ta). Especially the mass fractions of Zn, Ge, In, La, Sm, and Gd exhibit significant anthropogenic inputs. For stations characterized by high Ge and In mass fractions, element fingerprints imply possible atmospheric deposition stemming from e.g. combustion processes. Distinct anomalies of La and Sm most likely originate from discharges located at the city of Worms into the Upper Rhine. Statistical analysis of all analyzed 55 elemental mass fractions revealed similar behavior of TCEs compared to classical heavy metals. Diffuse as well as point sources of TCEs are likely. As a result, this study provides further insight into the role of TCEs as potential emerging contaminants in the environment. %0 conference poster %@ %A Zonderman, A., Wippermann, D., Ebeling, A., Klein, O., Erbslöh, H., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J YOUMARES 13 %T Turbine-colonizing mussels (Mytilus edulis) as an indicator for environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the North Sea %U %X %0 journal article %@ 0025-326X %A von der Au, M., Zimmermann, T., Kleeberg, U., von Tümpling, W., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J Marine Pollution Bulletin %P 114208 %R doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114208 %T Characteristic regional differences in trace element pattern of 2014 German North Sea surface Wadden sediments – A judge and assessment %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114208 %X The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires good ecological status of the marine environment. This also includes the Wadden Sea located in the southeastern part of the North Sea and its chemical status of sediments. Based on results from campaigns conducted in the 1980s, 32 surface sediment samples were taken in 2014 to check whether the sampling strategy required for characterizing the trace element content in sediments is representative and to determine the degree of pollution and potential changes over the last decades. For this purpose the elemental mass fractions of 42 elements were assessed in the ≤20 μm grain size fraction of the surface sediments. %0 dataset %@ %A Logemann, A., Reininghaus, M., Schmidt, M.M., Ebeling, A., Zimmermann, T., Wolschke, H., Friedrich, J., Brockmeyer, B., Pröfrock, D., Witt, G. %D 2022 %J PANGEA %R doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.944390 %T Determination of inorganic and organic pollutants in a dated sediment core of the Skagerrak (North Sea) %U https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.944390 %X We investigated 90 contaminants covering inorganic and organic pollutants analyzed in a set of sediment cores taken in the North Sea (Skagerrak). The cores were taken by the German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) in August 2017 on the RV CelticExplorer (Cruise CE17013a) using a multi corer (MUC, Oktopus, Kiel, Germany) at 57° 49.8 N and 7° 59.9 E at 520 m water depth. Samples were radiometrically dated and analyzed for the mass fractions of eight elements, as well as Pb isotope ratios by (MC) ICP-MS. Analysis of 61 HOCs was carried out using accelerated solvent extraction followed by GC–MS/MS analysis. Determination of 21 PFAS was carried out following DIN 38414-14, 2011, using LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, concentrations of 12 PAHs and 7 PCBs in porewaters were determined using equilibrium passive sampling and GC-MS analysis. Determined mass fractions decreased towards more recent deposited sediment for most analyzed contaminants. These trends could be linked to the time of introductions of restrictions and bans. Therefore, our results confirm, amongst possible other factors, the effectiveness of environmental legislation by revealing a successive change in contamination levels over the decades. %0 conference lecture (invited) %@ %A Pröfrock, D., Przibilla, A., Klein, O., Hildebrandt, L., Ebeling, A., El Gareb, F., Zimmermann, T. %D 2022 %J 28. ICP-MS Anwender*innentreffen und 14. Symposium massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse %T More than trace elements – New Applications for ICP-MS to investigate the chemical anthropocene %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Wippermann, D., Ebeling, A., Przibilla, A., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J 28. ICP-MS Anwender*innentreffen und 14. Symposium massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse %T Analytik von Meerwasserproben aus Offshore Windparks mittels ICP-MS unter Verwendung des Aufkonzentrierungssystems seaFAST® %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Klein, O., Stefan Kremmler, T., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J ICP-MS Anwender*innen Treffen %T Erschließung der „urbanen Miene“ – Entwicklung einer Aufschlussmethode für Leiterplatinen zur Bestimmung der Metallgehälter mittels ICP-MS/MS %U %X %0 doctoral thesis %@ %A Hildebrandt, L. %D 2021 %J %T Development and application of analytical methods to sample; isolate and characterize nano- and microplastics in aquatic environments and associated trace metals %U %X %0 journal article %@ 0039-9140 %A Clases, D., Ueland, M., Gonzalez de Vega, R., Doble, P., Pröfrock, D. %D 2021 %J Talanta %P 121424 %R doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121424 %T Quantitative speciation of volatile sulphur compounds from human cadavers by GC-ICP-MS %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121424 %X This work demonstrates the first forensic application of GC-ICP-MS for improved investigations of volatile organic compounds originating from a decomposing body. Volatile organic compounds were extracted from the headspace of human remains using sorbent tubes over a total time of 39 days. To account for naturally abundant species, control sites were prepared and sampled accordingly. All samples were spiked with an internal standard to minimise drift effects and errors during sample preparation and further analysis. Compound independent quantification was possible from a single chromatogram with a standard mix containing volatile pesticide compounds representing different mass fractions of target elements for calibration. Phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine were investigated as biologically relevant elements, which potentially form detectable volatile species during decomposition. The limits of detection of these elements in the headspace were 0.7, 5.4 and 1.6 ng/L, respectively. For sulphur, we identified abundant species which increased in concentrations of up to 1310 ng/L in the headspace above the remains. The concentrations were time dependent and show potential as forensic markers to determine post-mortem intervals or decomposition states. The universal quantification, standardisation and the high sensitivity of GC-ICP-MS augments traditional GC-MS analyses. %0 journal article %@ 0304-3894 %A Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., Primpke, S., Fischer, D., Gerdts, G., Pröfrock, D. %D 2021 %J Journal of Hazardous Materials %P 125482 %R doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125482 %T Comparison and uncertainty evaluation of two centrifugal separators for microplastic sampling %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125482 %X For the first time in microplastic research, an expanded uncertainty was calculated according to the “Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” (JCGM 100:2008). Bottom-up uncertainty evaluation revealed the different sampling methods (~ 44%), sample replicates (~ 26%) and the different detection techniques (~ 16%) as the major sources of uncertainty. Depending on the number of particles detected in the samples, the relative expanded uncertainty (Urel (k =2)) ranged from 24% up to > 200% underpinning tremendous importance of sound uncertainty evaluation. Our results indicate that scientist should rethink many “observed patterns” in the literature due to being insignificant and herewith not real. %0 journal article %@ 0267-9477 %A Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2021 %J Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry %N 7 %P 1524-1532 %R doi:10.1039/D1JA00088H %T Improved determination of technologically critical elements in sediment digests by ICP-MS/MS using N2O as a reaction gas %U https://doi.org/10.1039/D1JA00088H 7 %X The investigation of technologically critical elements (TCEs) as emerging pollutants is a constantly growing field of environmental research and societal concern. Nevertheless, existing data for most TCEs are still unsatisfactory for an accurate assessment of their potential (eco)toxicological effects on humans and the environment. The limited availability of data mainly results from the technically challenging analysis of selected TCEs. Low concentrations of TCEs in environmental matrices (μg kg−1 or lower) and the associated complex and time-consuming sample preparation pose the greatest challenges. This work aims at developing a new ICP-MS/MS-based multi-elemental approach targeting the analysis of all major TCEs (Sc, Ga, Ge, Nb, In, Te, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb, Lu, and Ta) in sediment, which represents one of the most important matrices for environmental research. N2O is applied as a reaction gas to overcome possible spectral interferences during ICP-MS/MS analysis. The use of N2O as a reaction gas for ICP-MS/MS analysis enabled higher oxide-product ion yields for many TCEs in comparison to the frequently used O2 cell gas. Hence, the selectivity and sensitivity of the method were improved. The presented multi-element method using N2O as a reaction gas achieved LODs between 0.00023 μg L−1 (Eu) and 0.13 μg L−1 (Te) for all analyzed TCEs. Likewise, for all analyzed elements, except for Te, recoveries between 80% and 112% were obtained for at least one of the analyzed reference materials (GBW 07313, GBW 07311, and BCR-2). %0 conference lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Pröfrock, D. %D 2021 %J Agilent Analytik-Forum 2021 %T Nano- und Mikroplastik-Analytik mittels ICP-MS/MS und LDIR Imaging - Zwei Anwendungsbeispiele %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Ebeling, A., Voigt, N., Obergfäll, D., Zimmermann, T., Erbsloeh, H., Kirchgeorg, T., Weinberg, I., Irrgeher, J., Proefrock, D. %D 2021 %J The 52nd International Liège colloquium on ocean dynamics %T Corrosion protection of offshore wind farms: An emerging contamination source for the marine environment? %U %X %0 lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., Nack, F., El Gareb, F., Mitrano, D., Pröfrock, D. %D 2021 %J %T Nano-; microplastics and metals - how are they related? %U %X %0 journal article %@ 0887-0624 %A Vetere, A., Pröfrock, D., Schrader, W. %D 2021 %J Energy & Fuels %N 10 %P 8723-8732 %R doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00491 %T Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Sulfur-Containing Compound Types in Heavy Crude Oil and Its Fractions %U https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00491 10 %X Detailed molecular analysis of complex mixtures such as crude oil and its fractions has been successfully covered by a number of groups during the past two decades. On the other side, the most glaring need is some type of method that allows quantitative analysis of a single class, compound species, or even individual compounds. Here, the problem is being complicated by the complexity of the sample and the need for individual response factors necessary for the analysis of single compounds in almost all analytical methods. This can be circumvented by using a method with uniform response like inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Sulfur is one of the most important heteroelements present in crude oil and its products due to stringent regulations. Quantification of sulfur by means of mass spectrometry has always been a challenging task. Here, we present the combination of a sulfur-selective chromatographic separation of crude oil and its fractions on a Pd-coated stationary phase with two-dimensional detection. Qualitative analysis by ultrahigh-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry allows a detailed understanding of individual compositions after chromatographic separation, while the quantitative data from inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry details the quantities of each part of the chromatogram. The combination of the results from both methods allows assigning three different types of sulfur species and their quantitative determination in extremely complex heavy crude oil fractions. %0 conference lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., El Gareb, F., Pröfrock, D. %D 2021 %J Agilent - Microplastics in the Environment Virtual Symposium %T Nano- and Microplastics Analysis via LDIR and ICP-MS %U %X %0 journal article %@ 0048-9697 %A Deng, F., Hellmann, S., Zimmerman, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2021 %J Science of the Total Environment %P 148127 %R doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148127 %T Using Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systems to trace sources of sediment and trace metals to the Weser River system (Germany) and assessment of input to the North Sea %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148127 %X In order to trace the sources of sediment materials and trace metals in the Weser River system (Germany), and the riverine input to the North Sea, Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes, together with multi-elemental compositions, were measured for sediments collected over the entire Weser River Basin, from headwaters to the estuary. Mass fractions of metals, including Ag, Cd, and Pb, and of one metalloid, Sb, higher than their crustal abundance, were observed within the entire Weser Basin. Isotope-amount ratio n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) and εNd ranged from 0.71182 ± 0.00005 to 0.72880 ± 0.00009 and −11.3 ± 0.3 to −21.0 ± 0.3, respectively. n(206Pb)/n(204Pb), n(207Pb)/n(204Pb), and n(208Pb)/n(204Pb) ranged from 18.226 ± 0.008 to 18.703 ± 0.012, 15.613 ± 0.007 to 15.653 ± 0.012 and 38.14 ± 0.02 to 38.84 ± 0.02, respectively. Sr and Nd isotope compositions reflected primarily a mixture of natural materials derived from the Weser Basin. Pb isotope signatures indicated strong anthropogenic influences in the middle-lower Weser region. Pb isotopic compositions in the sediments from the Aller (tributary of the Weser) and its tributary suggested influence from historical Pb-Zn ore mining in the Harz Mountains that might contribute to the observed elevated mass fractions of Ag, Cd, Sb and Pb in that region. K-means cluster and principal component analysis of the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope data yielded results consistent with their isotope systematics, supporting statistical analysis as an unsupervised tool in isotope fingerprinting studies. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic signatures in the sediments of the Weser were distinctively different from those of another major river discharging into the North Sea, the Elbe. This suggested that this Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope dataset can be used to distinguish riverine input of sediment materials and metals between the two rivers, thereby assessing their individual contribution to materials transported into the North Sea. %0 conference lecture %@ %A Deng, F., Hellmann, S., Zimmerman, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2021 %J EGU General Assembly 2020 %R doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13793 %T Sr-Nd-Pb isotope fingerprint analysis of sediment from the river Weser (Germany) and its implication to trace human and climate-induced impacts %U https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13793 %X Sediment samples were analysed for their elemental compositions to evaluate the load of each chemical composition in the river Weser. Isotopic ratios of Sr, Nd, and Pb were measured on MC-ICP-MS (Multi-collector-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) with the newly-developed automated prepFAST sample purification method (Retzmann et al., 2017). The Sr, Nd and Pb isotope results reported here are the first such dataset obtained from the river Weser sediment. Combined with the statistical analysis, such as the principal component analysis, the dataset allows the evaluation of the contribution of various sources to the load of the river Weser, and enables the quantification of the flux of the river to the North Sea, and an estimate of the contribution of the river system to contaminants transported into the coastal zone. These estimates will also be of interest to stakeholders and governments for targeted management interventions of the socio-economically important Weser river system %0 conference lecture %@ %A Deng, F., Hellmann, S., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2021 %J Goldschmidt2020 %T Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systems as fingerprinting tools to trace anthropogenic controls on the Weser river system (Germany) %U %X to contaminants transported into the coastal zone. %0 conference lecture %@ %A Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2021 %J 6. Doktorandenseminar des DAAS %T Enhanced detection of technologically critical elements in sediment digestions via ICP-MS/MS utilizing N2O as a reaction gas %U %X %0 journal article %@ 2375-2548 %A Van Dam, B., Zeller, M., Lopes, C., Smyth, A., Böttcher, M., Osburn, C., Zimmerman, T., Pröfrock, D., Fourqurean, J., Thomas, H. %D 2021 %J Science Advances %N 51 %P eabj1372 %R doi:10.1126/sciadv.abj1372 %T Calcification-driven CO2 emissions exceed “Blue Carbon” sequestration in a carbonate seagrass meadow %U https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj1372 51 %X Long-term “Blue Carbon” burial in seagrass meadows is complicated by other carbon and alkalinity exchanges that shape net carbon sequestration. We measured a suite of such processes, including denitrification, sulfur, and inorganic carbon cycling, and assessed their impact on air-water CO2 exchange in a typical seagrass meadow underlain by carbonate sediments. Eddy covariance measurements reveal a consistent source of CO2 to the atmosphere at an average rate of 610 ± 990 μmol m−2 hour−1 during our study and 700 ± 660 μmol m−2 hour−1 (6.1 mol m−2 year−1) over an annual cycle. Net alkalinity consumption by ecosystem calcification explains >95% of the observed CO2 emissions, far exceeding organic carbon burial and anaerobic alkalinity generation. We argue that the net carbon sequestration potential of seagrass meadows may be overestimated if calcification-induced CO2 emissions are not accounted for, especially in regions where calcification rates exceed net primary production and burial. %0 journal article %@ 2666-9110 %A Hildebrandt, L., Nack, F., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2021 %J Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters %P 100035 %R doi:10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100035 %T Microplastics as a Trojan horse for trace metals %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100035 %X Due to an assumed lack of anionic binding sites (most plastics are non-polar), scientists long considered virgin particulate plastics inert towards metal ions. However, we proved significant metal sorption to microplastics at neutral pH and release in a solution mimicking gastrointestinal chemistry serving as a proof-of-principle for environmental and human bioavailability. Competitive ion-exchange incubation experiments comprised 55 metals and metalloids. Fast kinetics were observed with 45 %–75 % of As, Be, Bi, Cr, Fe, In, Pb, Th, Sn and the rare-earth element ions being sorbed after 1 h. The investigated metal and metalloid cations showed significant differences in the extent of sorption, based upon which a distinct categorization was possible. Microplastics are not only a potential danger for aquatic and human life, but - as demonstrated in this paper - also serve as a Trojan Horse for dissolved metal cations. The corresponding effects on aquatic and human health will gain higher importance in the near future due to the predicted increases of marine plastic litter and microplastic sorbents. %0 journal article %@ 1932-6203 %A Hildebrandt, L., von der Au, M., Zimmermann, T., Reese, A., Ludwig, J., Pröfrock, D. %D 2020 %J PLoS One %N 7 %P e0236120 %R doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236120 %T A metrologically traceable protocol for the quantification of trace metals in different types of microplastic %U https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236120 7 %X The presence of microplastic (MP) particles in aquatic environments raised concern about possible enrichment of organic and inorganic pollutants due to their specific surface and chemical properties. In particular the role of metals within this context is still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop a fully validated acid digestion protocol for metal analysis in different polymers, which is a prerequisite to study such interactions. The proposed digestion protocol was validated using six different certified reference materials in the microplastic size range consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polyvinyl chloride. As ICP-MS/MS enabled time-efficient, sensitive and robust analysis of 56 metals in one measurement, the method was suitable to provide mass fractions for a multitude of other elements beside the certified ones (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn). Three different microwaves, different acid mixtures as well as different temperatures in combination with different hold times were tested for optimization purposes. With the exception of Cr in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, recovery rates obtained using the optimized protocol for all six certified reference materials fell within a range from 95.9% ± 2.7% to 112% ± 7%. Subsequent optimization further enhanced both precision and recoveries ranging from 103% ± 5% to 107 ± 4% (U; k = 2 (n = 3)) for all certified metals (incl. Cr) in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. The results clearly show the analytical challenges that come along with metal analysis in chemically resistant plastics. Addressing specific analysis tools for different sorption scenarios and processes as well as the underlying kinetics was beyond this study’s scope. However, the future application of the two recommended thoroughly validated total acid digestion protocols as a first step in the direction of harmonization of metal analysis in/on MP will enhance the significance and comparability of the generated data. It will contribute to a better understanding of the role of MP as vector for trace metals in the environment. %0 journal article %@ 2296-665X %A Hildebrandt, L., Mitrano, D., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2020 %J Frontiers in Environmental Science %P 89 %R doi:10.3389/fenvs.2020.00089 %T A Nanoplastic Sampling and Enrichment Approach by Continuous Flow Centrifugation %U https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00089 %X Substantial efforts have been undertaken to isolate and characterize plastic contaminants in different sample matrices in the last years as the ubiquitous presence of particulate plastic in the environment has become evident. In comparison, plastic particles <1 µm (nanoplastic) in the environment remain mostly unexplored. Adequate techniques for the enrichment, as well as the detection of nanoplastic, are lacking but are urgently needed to assess the full scope of (potential) nanoplastic pollution. Use of Pd-doped nanoplastic particles constitutes a powerful tool to develop new analytical approaches, as they can be traced accurately and with ease in a variety of complex matrices by highly sensitive, time-efficient and robust ICP-MS(/MS) techniques. In this lab-scale study, for the first time, the capability of continuous flow centrifugation to retain nanoplastic particles (∼160 nm) from ultrapure water, as well as from filtered and unfiltered water from the German Elbe River was evaluated. Depending on the pump rate, the retention efficiency for the nanoplastic particles in ultrapure water ranged from 92% ± 8% (1 L h−1) to 53% ± 5% (5 L h−1) [uc (n = 3)] and from 75% ± 5% to 65% ± 6% (uc) (2.5 L h−1) in river water. Recirculating the water through the system two and three times at the highest tested flow rate led to retention efficiencies >90%. In a proof-of-principle setup, it was demonstrated that operating two continuous flow centrifuges sequentially at different rotational speeds bears the potential to enable size- and density-selective sampling of the colloidal fraction. A significant fraction of the spiked nanoplastic particles [76% ± 5% (uc)] could be separated from a model mixture of natural particles with a well-defined mean size of approximately 3 µm. While the certified reference plankton material used here was quantitatively retained in the first centrifuge rotor together with 23.0% ± 2.2% of the effective dose of the spiked nanoplastic, the remaining fraction of the nanoplastic could be recovered in the second rotor (53% ± 5%) and the effluent [24.4% ± 2.4% (uc)]. Based on the good retention efficiencies and the demonstrated separation potential, continuous flow centrifugation has proven to be a very promising technique for nanoplastic sampling and enrichment from natural water samples. %0 journal article %@ 0045-6535 %A Reese, A., Voigt, N., Zimmermann, T., Irrgeher, J., Proefrock, D. %D 2020 %J Chemosphere %P 127182 %R doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127182 %T Characterization of alloying components in galvanic anodes as potential environmental tracers for heavy metal emissions from offshore wind structures %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127182 %X The impact of offshore constructions on the marine environment is unknown in many aspects. The application of Al- and Zn-based galvanic anodes as corrosion protection results in the continuous emission of inorganic matter (e.g. >80 kg Al-anode material per monopile foundation and year) into the marine environment. To identify tracers for emissions from offshore wind structures, anode materials (Al-based and Zn-based) were characterized for their elemental and isotopic composition. An acid digestion and analysis method for Al and Zn alloys was adapted and validated using the alloy CRMs ERM®-EB317 (AlZn6CuMgZr) and ERM®-EB602 (ZnAl4Cu1). Digests were measured for their elemental composition by ICP-MS/MS and for their Pb isotope ratios by MC ICP-MS. Ga and In were identified as potential tracers. Moreover, a combined tracer approach of the elements Al, Zn, Ga, Cd, In and Pb together with Pb isotope ratios is suggested for a reliable identification of offshore-wind-farm-induced emissions. In the Al anodes, the mass fractions were found to be >94.4% of Al, >26200 mg kg−1 of Zn, >78.5 mg kg−1 of Ga, >0.255 mg kg−1 of Cd, >143 mg kg−1 of In and >6.7 mg kg−1 of Pb. The Zn anodes showed mass fractions of >2160 mg kg−1 of Al, >94.5% of Zn, >1.31 mg kg−1 of Ga, >254 mg kg−1 of Cd, >0.019 mg kg−1 of In and >14.1 mg kg−1 of Pb. The n(208Pb)/n(206Pb) isotope ratios in Al anodes range from 2.0619 to 2.0723, whereas Zn anodes feature n(208Pb)/n(206Pb) isotope ratios ranging from 2.0927 to 2.1263. %0 journal article %@ 1759-9660 %A Zimmermann, T., von der Au, M., Reese, A., Klein, O., Hildebrandt, L., Pröfrock, D. %D 2020 %J Analytical Methods %N 30 %P 3778-3787 %R doi:10.1039/D0AY01049A %T Substituting HF by HBF4 – an optimized digestion method for multi-elemental sediment analysis via ICP-MS/MS %U https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01049A 30 %X Determination of elemental mass fractions in sediments plays a major role in evaluating the environmental status of aquatic ecosystems. Herewith, the optimization of a new total digestion protocol and the subsequent analysis of 48 elements in different sediment reference materials (NIST SRM 2702, GBW 07313, GBW 07311 and JMC-2) based on ICP-MS/MS detection is presented. The developed method applies microwave acid digestion and utilizes HBF4 as fluoride source for silicate decomposition. Similar to established protocols based on HF, HBF4 ensures the dissolution of the silicate matrix, as well as other refractory oxides. As HBF4 is not acutely toxic; no special precautions have to be made and digests can be directly measured via ICP-MS without specific sample inlet systems, evaporation steps or the addition of e.g. H3BO3, in order to mask excess HF. Different acid mixtures with and without HBF4 were evaluated in terms of digestion efficiency based on the trace metal recovery. The optimized protocol (5 mL HNO3, 2 mL HCL, 1 mL HBF4) allows a complete dissolution of the analyzed reference materials, as well as quantitative recoveries for a wide variety of certified analytes. Low recoveries for e.g. Sr, Ba and rare earth elements due to fluoride precipitation of HF-based digestions protocols, can be avoided by the usage of HBF4 instead. Based on the usage of high purity HBF4 all relevant trace, as well as matrix elements can be analyzed with sufficiently low LOQs (0.002 μg L−1 for U up to 6.7 μg L−1 for Al). In total, 34 elements were within a recovery range of 80%–120% for all three analyzed reference materials GBW 07313, GBW 07311 and JMC-2. 14 elements were outside a recovery range of 80%–120% for at least one of the analyzed reference materials. %0 conference lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Proefrock, D., Kerstan, A. %D 2020 %J 37. Agilent Forum Analytik Wien 2020 %T First steps in applying Quantum-Cascade-Laser Imaging for microplastic analysis in environmental samples %U %X Nevertheless, first results show that there are still some challenges to master. Especially, when it comes to the analysis of environmental samples bearing a highly complex matrix. To demonstrate the capabilities of the new QCL system it has been applied for the analysis of suspended particlulate matter sample from the German Elbe River estuary, which have been obtained during the testing of two new water-sampling approaches for microplastic. After an iterative optimization process of the spectral library, first results agree with the results obtained by the FPA-based FTIR approach. %0 conference lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., Mitrano, D., Proefrock, D. %D 2020 %J SETAC Europe Meeting %T First lab-scale feasibility study on the enrichment of nanoplastic particles from water samples by continuous flow centrifugation using metal-doped nanoplastics and ICP-MS/MS detection %U %X %0 journal article %@ 1759-9660 %A Lechthaler, S., Hildebrandt, L., Stauch, G., Schüttrumpf, H. %D 2020 %J Analytical Methods %N 42 %P 5128-5139 %R doi:10.1039/D0AY01574A %T Canola Oil Extraction in Conjunction with a Plastic Free Separation Unit Optimises Microplastics Monitoring in Water and Sediment %U https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01574A 42 %X Microplastics are widely distributed in the environment and to define contamination hot spots, environmental samples have to be analysed by means of cost- as well as time-efficient and reliable standardised protocols. Due to the lipophilic characteristics of plastic, oil extraction as a fast and density-independent separation is beneficial for the crucial extraction step. It was extensively validated (480 experiments) in two test setups by using canola oil and a cost-effective, plastic-free separation unit with spiked microplastic (19 different polymer types) in the density range from ρ = 11 - 1,760 kg/m³ and in the size range from 0.02 mm - 4.4 mm. Thus, an innovative, new method combination was developed and profoundly validated for water and sediment samples using only a short settling time of 15 minutes. Some experiments were also carried out with zinc chloride to obtain additional reference data (particles ≤ 359 µm). The total mean recovery rate was 89.3%, 91.7% within the larger microplastic fraction and 85.7% for the small fraction. Compared to zinc chloride (87.6%), recovery rates differed not significantly with oil (87.1%). Furthermore, size limits were set, since the method works best with particles 0.02 mm ≥ d ≤ 3 mm. The proposed method exhibits higher efficiency (84.8% for 20 - 63 µm) for the potentially most harmful microplastic size fraction than the classic setup using brine solution. As a result, oil is a comparably effective separation medium and offers further advantages for separating water and sediment samples due to its density independence, simple and fast application and environmental friendliness. Based on this, a new extraction protocol is presented here that confirms oil separation as a sound and effective separation in microplastic analysis and identifies previously missing information. %0 journal article %@ 2296-8016 %A Silva Campos, M.R., Blawert, C., Mendis, C.L., Mohedano, M., Zimmermann, T., Proefrock, D., Zheludkevich, M.L., Kainer, K.U. %D 2020 %J Frontiers in Materials %P 84 %R doi:10.3389/fmats.2020.00084 %T Effect of Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behavior of Mg-10Gd Alloy in 0.5% NaCl Solution %U https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00084 %X In 0.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution, Mg-10Gd alloy shows promising corrosion resistance. The microstructure of this alloy was modified via heat treatments to understand the effect of accompanying microstructural changes on the corrosion resistance. It was found that corrosion performance depends both on the amount and the distribution of the cathodic intermetallic phases. The T4 heat treatment (24 h at 540°C) caused the Gd to distribute uniformly in the matrix, which had positive effect on corrosion resistance showing a delay in the time required for the first observation of localized corrosion. The T4 heat treated specimens, specimens aged at 200°C and 300°C, showed relatively uniform degradation and thus these heat treatments are not detrimental in terms of corrosion resistance. In contrast, heat treatment at 400°C seems to increase the formation of small cuboidal particles rich in Gd, most likely to be GdH2 particles, in the matrix, resulting in a detrimental effect on the corrosion behavior. %0 conference lecture %@ %A El Gareb, F., Hildebrandt, L., Kerstan, A., Zimmermann, T., Emeis, K., Pröfrock, D. %D 2020 %J YOUMARES 11 %T Microplastics in the Indian Ocean - Analyzed by Quantum Cascade laser- based infrared imaging %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Reese, A., Irrgeher, J., Pröfrock, D. %D 2020 %J 53rd Annual Conference of the German Society for Mass Spectrometry DGMS including 27th ICP-MS User´s Meeting %T Boron and strontium isotope ratio analysis of the Rhine river – tracer for anthropogenic boron emissions? %U %X The combination of Sr and B isotopic compositions can be used to distinguish different inputs into a complex river system, and can therefore provide a better insight into possible sources and distribution of anthropogenic B inputs. %0 conference lecture %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Reese, A., Wieser, M., Mohamed, F., Irrgeher, J., Pröfrock, D. %D 2020 %J Goldschmidt 2020 %R doi:10.46427/gold2020.3228 %T “Non-Traditional” Stable Isotope Analysis as Tracer so Identify Sources and Sinks of Inorganic Contaminants in Riverine Environments %U https://doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.3228 %X Our results clearly indicate that the exclusive focus on the quantitative analysis of metal contamination within the context of environmental research provides only limited information. The progress achieved in isotope ratio analysis over the last decade therefore opens valuable additional information for environmental scientists. %0 other %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Emeis, K., Pröfrock, D., Kerstan, A. %D 2020 %J %T Fast, Automated Microplastics Analysis Using Laser Direct Chemical Imaging : Characterizing and quantifying microplastics in water samples from marine environments %U %X It is estimated that more than 75% of the 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic produced over the last 65 years have turned into waste (1). Up to 13 million metric tons of this waste ends up in the ocean every year (2) and recent calculations estimate that more than 5.25 trillion plastic particles float in the world’s oceans (3). Scientists have demonstrated the alarming environmental ubiquity and persistence of particulate plastic in aquatic ecosystems (4). Models predict that approximately 14% of the plastic debris in the ocean surface layer can be classified as so-called microplastics (often referred to as particles between 1 μm and 5 mm in size) (5). These ingestible and potentially harmful particles have been formed by UV-induced, mechanical, or biological degradation of larger debris items (6). To verify the estimates and to meet upcoming regulatory measures (e.g., California Senate Bill 1422) and directives (MSFD, 2008/56/EC), accurate, time-efficient, and robust analytical workflows and techniques are required. %0 journal article %@ 0048-9697 %A Zimmermann, T., Mohammed, F., Reese, A., Wieser, M., Kleeberg, U., Pröfrock, D., Irrgeher, J. %D 2020 %J Science of the Total Environment %P 135219 %R doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135219 %T Zinc isotopic variation of water and surface sediments from the German Elbe River %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135219 %X Recent studies suggested the use of the isotopic composition of Zn as a possible tracer for anthropogenic Zn emissions. Nevertheless, studies mainly focused on sampling areas of a few km2 with well-characterized anthropogenic Zn emissions. In contrast, this study focused on analyzing a large sample set of water and sediment samples taken throughout the course of the Elbe River, a large, anthropogenically impacted river system located in Central Europe. The primary objective was to evaluate the use of the isotopic composition of Zn to trace anthropogenic Zn emission on a large regional scale. In total 18 water and 26 surface sediment samples were investigated, covering the complete course of over 700 km of the German Elbe between the German/Czech border and the German North Sea, including six tributaries. Stable isotope abundance ratios of Zn were assessed by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC ICP-MS) in water filtrates (<0.45 µm) and total digests of the sieved surface sediment fraction (<63 µm) after analyte/matrix separation using Bio-Rad AG MP-1 resin via a micro-column approach and application of a 64Zn/67Zn double spike. Measured isotopic compositions of δ66Zn/64ZnIRMM-3702 ranged from −0.10 ‰ to 0.32 ‰ for sediment samples, and from −0.51 ‰ to 0.45 ‰ for water samples. In comparison to historical data some tributaries still feature high mass fractions of anthropogenic Zn (e.g. Mulde, Triebisch) combined with δ66Zn/64ZnIRMM-3702 values higher than the lithogenic background. The dissolved δ66Zn/64ZnIRMM-3702 values showed a potential correlation with pH. Our results indicate that biogeochemical processes like absorption may play a key role in natural Zn isotopic fractionation making it difficult to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic processes. %0 conference poster %@ %A Reese, A., Voigt, N., Zimmermann, T., Irrgeher, J., Proefrock, D. %D 2019 %J ANAKON 2019 %T Characterization of galvanic anode material for corrosion protection of offshore wind farms by (laser ablation) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Orth, T., Oppermann, B., Retzmann, A., Irrgeher, J., Proefrock, D. %D 2019 %J European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry 2019 %T Analysis of anthropogenic Gd emissions into the German North Sea and potential new insights by the analysis of Gd isotope ratios in MRI contrast agents %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Reese, A., Voigt, N., Zimmermann, T., Kirchgeorg, T., Weinberg, I., Irrgeher, J., Proefrock, D. %D 2019 %J Goldschmidt 2019 %T Corrosion protection of offshore wind farms: An emerging inorganic contamination source for the marine environment? %U %X %0 journal article %@ 0048-9697 %A Reese, A., Zimmermann, T., Proefrock, D., Irrgeher, J. %D 2019 %J Science of the Total Environment %P 512-523 %R doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.401 %T Extreme spatial variation of Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic signatures and 48 element mass fractions in surface sediment of the Elbe River Estuary - Suitable tracers for processes in dynamic environments? %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.401 %X This study indicates the general potential of combined element fingerprinting and isotope tracer approaches to elucidate processes in complex river systems. Furthermore, it represents an initial characterization of the catchment area of the Elbe River as basis for future studies on river and harbor management. %0 journal article %@ 0584-8547 %A Zimmermann, T., Retzmann, A., Schober, M., Proefrock, D., Prohaska, T., Irrgeher, J. %D 2019 %J Spectrochimica Acta B %P 54-64 %R doi:10.1016/j.sab.2018.11.009 %T Matrix separation of Sr and Pb for isotopic ratio analysis of Ca-rich samples via an automated simultaneous separation procedure %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2018.11.009 %X This paper presents a systematic investigation of the effects of Ca on the matrix separation of Sr and Pb and subsequent isotope-amount ratio measurements using a variety of synthetic solutions and reference materials with varying Ca content during the application of an automated analyte/matrix separation approach. The separation method based on the DGA resin was optimized by using increased column bed volumes, comparing two different column sizes (1-mL and 3-mL-bed volume). Certified reference materials (synthetic calcium carbonate – MACS-3, basalt – BCR-2, saggital otolith – FEBS-1, bone meal – NIST SRM 1486, bone ash – NIST SRM 1400, and skim milk powder – BCR-063R) with varying Ca content, Ca/Sr and Ca/Pb mass fraction ratios were separated using the optimized method and analyzed for the Sr and Pb isotopic composition by multi collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC ICP-MS). The developed separation method based on the 3-mL-bed volume column provides quantitative recoveries (84% to 105% for Sr, 77 % to 96% for Pb), while maintaining a quantitative separation of Sr and Pb. Procedural blank levels were <0.04 ng g−1 for Sr and <0.05 ng g−1 for Pb, respectively. The method allows for the automated extraction of Sr in Ca-rich matrices with Ca/Sr mass fraction ratios of up to 4051 corresponding to an absolute Ca load of 965 µg ± 86 µg (BCR-063R, milk powder). Furthermore, the method allows for the simultaneous extraction of Pb from these matrices showing Ca/Pb mass fraction ratios of up to 42095 corresponding to an absolute Ca load of 761 µg ± 122 µg on column (NIST SRM 1400, bone tissue), respectively. %0 conference lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Voigt, N., Proefrock, D. %D 2019 %J International Conference on Microplastic Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea %T First evaluation of continuous flow centrifugation as a novel straightforward and non-size-discriminating sampling technique for microplastic in waters %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Reese, A., Voigt, N., Zimmermann, T., Irrgeher, J., Proefrock, D. %D 2019 %J European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry 2019 %T Corrosion protection of offshore wind farms: A new potential source of inorganic contaminants for the marine environment? %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., Reese, A., Proefrock, D. %D 2019 %J European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry 2019 %T Development of a microwave-assisted digestion protocol for trace metal analysis in different types of polymers using ICP-MS/MS %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Reese, A., Retzmann, A., Orth, T., Klein, O., Irrgeher, J., Prohaska, T., Proefrock, D. %D 2019 %J Vortrag im Rahmen eines Arbeitskreisseminars %T Element- und Isotopenanalytik in der marinen Umweltanalytik – Anwendungsgebiete und neue Entwicklungen zur Probenvorbereitung %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Reese, A., Voigt, N., Irrgeher, J., Proefrock, D. %D 2019 %J ANAKON 2019 %T Online matrix separation coupled to inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) for the ultra-trace analysis of seawater %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Voigt, N., Proefrock, D. %D 2019 %J Goldschmidt 2019 %T First evaluation of continuous flow centrifugation as a novel straightforward and non-size-disriminating sampling technique for microplastic in waters %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Nack, F., Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., Reese, A., Proefrock, D. %D 2019 %J SETAC Europe 29th Annual Meeting %T Studying the sorption of 60 different metals to virgin and UV exposed small PE and PET microplastic using ICP-MS/MS %U %X %0 master thesis %@ %A Klein, O. %D 2019 %J %T Untersuchung von Borisotopenfraktionierung in verschiedenen Flusssystemen als potenzieller neuer Tracer fuer anthropogene Kontaminationsquellen (Masterarbeit) %U %X %0 journal article %@ 0269-7491 %A Lorenz, C., Roscher, L., Meyer, M.S., Hildebrandt, L., Prume, J., Loeder, M.G.J., Primpke, S., Gerdts, G. %D 2019 %J Environmental Pollution %P 1719-1729 %R doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.093 %T Spatial distribution of microplastics in sediments and surface waters of the southern North Sea %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.093 %X Microplastic pollution within the marine environment is of pressing concern globally. Accordingly, spatial monitoring of microplastic concentrations, composition and size distribution may help to identify sources and entry pathways, and hence allow initiating focused mitigation. Spatial distribution patterns of microplastics were investigated in two compartments of the southern North Sea by collecting sublittoral sediment and surface water samples from 24 stations. Large microplastics (500−5000 μm) were detected visually and identified using attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The remaining sample was digested enzymatically, concentrated onto filters and analyzed for small microplastics (11−500 μm) using Focal Plane Array (FPA) FTIR imaging. Microplastics were detected in all samples with concentrations ranging between 2.8 and 1188.8 particles kg−1 for sediments and 0.1–245.4 particles m−3 for surface waters. On average 98% of microplastics were <100 μm in sediments and 86% in surface waters. The most prevalent polymer types in both compartments were polypropylene, acrylates/polyurethane/varnish, and polyamide. However, polymer composition differed significantly between sediment and surface water samples as well as between the Frisian Islands and the English Channel sites. These results show that microplastics are not evenly distributed, in neither location nor size, which is illuminating regarding the development of monitoring protocols. %0 journal article %@ 0141-1136 %A Hildebrandt, L., Voigt, N., Zimmermann, T., Reese, A., Proefrock, D. %D 2019 %J Marine Environmental Research %P 104768 %R doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104768 %T Evaluation of continuous flow centrifugation as an alternative technique to sample microplastic from water bodies %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104768 %X The scientific and public interest regarding environmental pollution with microplastic has considerably increased within the last 15 years. Nevertheless, up to now there is no widely applied standard operation procedure for microplastic sampling, resulting in a lack of inter-study comparability. In addition, many studies on microplastic occurrences do not indicate a sound methodological validation of the applied methods and procedures. This study presents an alternative volume-reduced sampling technique to sample the entire load of suspended particulate matter including microplastic particles in natural waters, based on continuous flow centrifugation. For the lab-scale validation of the proposed instrumental setup, six different microplastic types (PE, PET, PS, PVDC, EPS and PP) were used. The particles covered a size range from 1 μm to 1 mm and a density range from 0.94 g mL−1 to 1.63 g mL−1. Recoveries ranged from 95.0% ± 2.3%–99.1% ± 0.3% for virgin powders and from 96.1% ± 0.6%–99.4% ± 0.2% (1 SD, n = 2–3) for microplastic suspended in river water for 40 days. Gravimetric and microscopic analysis of the effluent indicates efficient removal of microplastic from the suspensions. Static light scattering analysis of the microplastic suspensions prior to and after centrifugation confirmed that no change of the particle size distribution has occurred – neither through aggregation nor through size-discrimination during centrifugation. Moreover, the system was tested in the field and used twice to sample suspended particulate matter from the Elbe estuary directly on site. Based on these first lab-scale experiments, continuous flow centrifugation proves a promising technique bearing potential to alleviate drawbacks such as contamination, filter clogging and particle size-discrimination of commonly used volume-reduced microplastic sampling approaches. %0 doctoral thesis %@ %A Zimmermann, T. %D 2019 %J %T Development and application of new analytical methods to describe transport processes within the German Bight using selected non-traditional isotopic systems (Dissertation) %U %X %0 lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L. %D 2019 %J %T Mikro-, Nanoplastik und Metalle – Wie hängt das zusammen? : Ringvorlesung "Ausgewählte Kapitel der Toxikologie und Umweltmedizin %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Reese, A., Voigt, N., Zimmermann, T., Kirchgeorg, T., Weinberg, I., Irrgeher, J., Proefrock, D. %D 2019 %J Symposium Marine resources and offshore wind farms %T Corrosion protection of offshore wind farms: An emerging contamination source for the marine environment? %U %X In this study, Al and Zn anodes from several manufacturers were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) based techniques to identify suitable tracers for anode specific emissions as wells as the content of elements of environmental concern. High mass fractions of rare and/or technology- and environmentally-critical elements such as In (≤ 230 mg/kg), Ga (≤ 130 mg/kg), Cd (≤ 700 mg/kg), and Pb (≤ 20 mg/kg) were found. ICP-MS-based techniques were developed for the quantification of new tracer analytes, such as In and Ga, and applied to water, sediment and biota (Mytilidae) samples from inside and around offshore wind farms located in the German North Sea. First results of elemental concentrations in biota (Mytilidae) and spatial trends in seawater and sediment samples will be presented and discussed. %0 conference poster %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Voigt, N., Proefrock, D. %D 2019 %J SETAC Europe 29th Annual Meeting %T First evaluation of continuous flow centrifugation as a novel straightforward and non-size-discriminating sampling technique for microplastic in waters %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Lorenz, C., Primpke, S., Gerdts, G. %D 2018 %J Nano and Microplastics in Technical and Freshwater Systems, Microplastics 2018 %T Microplastics in Coastal North Sea Sediments – Analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Reese, A., Voigt, N., Zimmermann, T., Irrgeher, J., Proefrock, D. %D 2018 %J 9th Nordic Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry %T Offshore Wind Constructions: Corrosion Protection as a New Potential Source of Inorganic Contaminants into the Marine Environment? %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Reese, A., Voigt, N., Zimmermann, T., Irrgeher, J., Proefrock, D. %D 2018 %J 26. ICPMS-Anwendertreffen und 13. Symposium Massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse %T Charakterisierung galvanischer Anodenmaterialien zur Identifizierung potentieller Tracer für anorganische Kontaminanten aus Offshore-Windparks %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Lorenz, C., Primpke, S., Gerdts, G. %D 2018 %J Conference for Young Marine Researchers, Youmares 9 Conference %T Microplastics in coastal North Sea sediments – Analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy %U %X %0 lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Gerdts, G., Proefrock, D., Primpke, S., Lorenz, C. %D 2018 %J %T Ausgewaehlte Kapitel der Toxikologie und Umweltmedizin %U %X %0 conference lecture (invited) %@ %A Irrgeher, J., Reese, A., Zimmermann, T., Proefrock, D. %D 2018 %J 9th Nordic Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry %T Extreme natural abundance variation of multiple isotopes in the estuaries of large rivers to the North Sea %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Wieser, M., Mohammed, F., Proefrock, D., Irrgeher, J. %D 2018 %J Massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse, 13. Symposium und 26. ICPMS-Anwendertreffen %T Erste Ergebnisse zur Untersuchung von Zinkisotopenverhaeltnissen in Wasser- und Oberflaechensedimentproben der Elbe %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Retzmann, A., Irrgeher, J., Prohaska, T., Proefrock, D. %D 2018 %J DAAS-Doktorandenseminar 2018 %T New, automated sample preparation techniques for the analysis of non-traditional stable isotopes in environmental samples %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Wieser, M., Mohammed, F., Proefrock, D., Irrgeher, J. %D 2018 %J 9th Nordic Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry 2018 %T A first comprehensive study in zinc isotopic variation of water and sediment surface sediment samples from the Elbe River %U %X %0 journal article %@ 1618-2642 %A Retzmann, A., Zimmermann, T., Proefrock, D., Prohaska, T., Irrgeher, J. %D 2017 %J Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry %N 23 %P 5463-5480 %R doi:10.1007/s00216-017-0468-6 %T A fully automated simultaneous single-stage separation of Sr, Pb, and Nd using DGA Resin for the isotopic analysis of marine sediments %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0468-6 23 %X A novel, fast and reliable sample preparation procedure for the simultaneous separation of Sr, Pb, and Nd has been developed for subsequent isotope ratio analysis of sediment digests. The method applying a fully automated, low-pressure chromatographic system separates all three analytes in a single-stage extraction step using self-packed columns filled with DGA Resin. The fully automated set-up allows the unattended processing of three isotopic systems from one sediment digest every 2 h, offering high sample throughput of up to 12 samples per day and reducing substantially laboratory manpower as compared to conventional manual methods. The developed separation method was validated using the marine sediment GBW-07313 as matrix-matched certified reference material and combines quantitative recoveries (>90% for Sr, >93% for Pb, and >91% for Nd) with low procedural blank levels following the sample separation (0.07 μg L-1 Sr, 0.03 μg L-1 Pb, and 0.57 μg L-1 Nd). The average δ values for Sr, Pb, and Nd of the separated reference standards were within the certified ranges (δ (87Sr/86Sr)NIST SRM 987 of -0.05(28) ‰, δ(208Pb/206Pb)NIST SRM 981 of -0.21(14) ‰, and δ(143Nd/144Nd)JNdi-1 of 0.00(7) ‰). The DGA Resin proved to be reusable for the separation of >10 sediment digests with no significant carry-over or memory effects, as well as no significant on-column fractionation of Sr, Pb, and Nd isotope ratios. Additional spike experiments of NIST SRM 987 with Pb, NIST SRM 981 with Sr, and JNdi-1 with Ce revealed no significant impact on the measured isotopic ratios, caused by potential small analyte peak overlaps during the separation of Sr and Pb, as well as Ce and Nd. %0 conference poster %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Retzmann, A., Irrgeher, J., Prohaska, T., Proefrock, D. %D 2017 %J International Conference Goldschmidt 2017 %T A new fully automated sample preparation system for the isotopic analysis of Sr, P band Nd via MC ICP-MS and its application to sediment digests %U %X %0 bachelor thesis %@ %A Klein, O. %D 2017 %J %T Vergleichende Untersuchung von Multi-Elementfingerprints zweier Flusssysteme (Weser und Ems) unter besondererBeruecksichtigung der Metalle der Seltenen Erden (Bachelorarbeit) %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Voigt, N., Zimmermann, T., Irrgeher, J., Proefrock, D. %D 2017 %J European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry 2017 %T Multi-elemental characterization of anode materials used for cathodic corrosion protection of offshore structures using ICP-MS/MS %U %X %0 conference lecture (invited) %@ %A Irrgeher, J., Dutschke, F., Reese, A., Retzmann, A., Zimmermann, T., Prohaska, T., Wieser, M.E., Proefrock, D. %D 2017 %J European Winter Conference of Plasma Spektroskopie 2017, EWCPS 2017 %T Multi-isotope tracers to investigate processes in river catchment systems: Selected application examples using B, Mo, Sr, Pb, and Ti isotope ratios assessed by MC ICP-MS %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Reese, A., Irrgeher, J., Zimmermann, T., Proefrock, D. %D 2017 %J European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry 2017 %T Investigation of elemental and isotopic fingerprints in riverine sediments from the German Elbe catchment %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Proefrock, D., Irrgeher, J., Zimmermann, T., Kleeberg, U. %D 2016 %J Sino-German Workshop Biogeochemical Pressures and their Effects on Marine Ecosystems in China and Europe %T Linking Catchments and Coastal Seas –New Possibilities Through the Application of Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes and Elemental Fingerprints to Trace Sources and Sinks of Inorganic Contaminants in the Wadden Sea %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Retzmann, A., Irrgeher, J., Prohaska, T., Proefrock, D. %D 2016 %J 39th International Symposium on Environmental Analytical Chemistry, ISEAC 39 %T Optimization of novel automated sample preparation systems for elemental and isotopic analysis of environmental samples via (MC) ICP-MS %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Irrgeher, J., Prohaska, T., Zitek, A., Kleeberg, U., Erbsloeh, H.-B., Karcher, D.B., Zimmermann, T., Von der Au, M., Proefrock, D. %D 2016 %J 2016 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry %T Isotopic Tracer Tools for nutrients and pollutants in the Marine Ecosystem of the German Wadden Sea %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Proefrock, D., Irrgeher, J., Zimmermann, T., Retzmann, A., Dutschke, F., Erbsloeh, H.-B., Ruhnau, C. %D 2016 %J 49. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Massenspektrometrie %T Overview about the potential of collision cell ICP-MS and ICP-MS/MS for sensitive and interference free element and elemental speciation analysis of environmental samples %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Irrgeher, J., Prohaska, T., Zitek, A., Kleeberg, U., Erbsloeh, H.-B., Karcher, D.B., Zimmermann, T., Von der Au, M., Proefrock, D. %D 2016 %J 49. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Massenspektrometrie, DGMS 2016 %T Tracing of Nutrients and Pollutants in the German Wadden Sea Catchment via the Establishment of Aquatic Isoscapes %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Irrgeher, J., Proefrock, D. %D 2016 %J 49. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Massenspektrometrie, DGMS 2016 %T Application and optimization of inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) for ultra-trace element analysis of undiluted seawater %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Proefrock, D., Zimmermann, T., Retzmann, A. %D 2016 %J 2016 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry %T Optimization and Application of ICP-MS/MS for the Analysis of Elements and Element Species of Growing Concern %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Proefrock, D., Irrgeher, J., Zimmermann, T., Dutschke, F. %D 2016 %J Agilent ICP-QQQ European User Group Meeting %T Application and Possibilities of ICP-QQQ for Marine Environmental Research %U %X %0 conference lecture (invited) %@ %A Proefrock, D., Irrgeher, J., Zimmermann, T., Dutschke, F., Erbsloeh, H.-B., Ruhnau, C. %D 2016 %J International Symposium on Environmental Analytical Chemistry, ISEAC 39 - Environmental and Food Monitoring %T Developments in element and element speciation analysis of environmental samples - Recent trends and future perspectives %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Proefrock, D., Irrgeher, J., Zimmermann, T., Dutschke, F., Retzmann, A. %D 2016 %J 12. Symposium Massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse und 25. ICP-MS Anwendertreffen %T Element and Element Speciation Analysis of Environmental Samples: Current Challenges and Solutions %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Retzmann, A., Irrgeher, J., Prohaska, T., Proefrock, D. %D 2016 %J 12. Symposium Massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse und 25. ICP-MS Anwendertreffen %T Optimization of a new fully-automated sample preparation system for isotopic analysis of sediment digests via MC ICP-MS %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Proefrock, D., Prange, A. %D 2015 %J European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry 2015 %T On-line matrix removal and preconcentration using the ESI seaFAST system coupled to ICP-MS/MS for the ultra-trace analysis of undiluted seawater %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Proefrock, D., Gonzalez-Gago, A., Zimmermann, T., Retzmann, A., Prange, A. %D 2015 %J European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry 2015 %T ICP-MS and hyphenated techniques for trace analysis of emerging contaminants in marine environmental samples %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Dutschke, F., Soto-Alvaredo, J., Krystek, P., Proefrock, D., Prange, A. %D 2014 %J 24. ICP-MS Anwendertreffen und 11. Symposium Massenspektrometrische Verfahren Elementspurenanalyse 2014 %T Goldrausch oder die Frage was schmiere ich mir da ins Gesicht? Charakterisierung von anorganischen partikulaeren Bestandteilen in einem Kosmetikprodukt %U %X %0 journal article %@ 1748-7692 %A Kakuschke, A., Pröfrock, D., Prange, A. %D 2013 %J Marine Mammal Science %N 2 %P E183-E192 %R doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00603.x %T C-reactive protein in blood plasma and serum samples of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) %U https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00603.x 2 %X C-reactive protein (CRP) belongs to the acute phase proteins. Increased levels are present in inflammatory conditions, trauma, or intoxications. In veterinary medicine CRP is used as powerful diagnostic parameter in health studies, whereas little is known about the role of CRP in Pinnipedia. Therefore, samples were collected from 131 harbor seals from the North Sea between November 2002 and November 2007. CRP blood values were measured and the physiological range was calculated. Furthermore, the influence of age and sex of the animal, geographical location and season was investigated. The CRP concentrations in plasma/serum showed a median of 33 μg/mL, a 5th percentile of 18 μg/mL, and a 95th percentile of 80 μg/mL. No significant influences of sex, season, or geographical location on CRP concentration were detected. Juveniles showed significantly higher CRP levels than adult animals, whereas CRP values in newborns appear to be lower than in juveniles and adults. Our report describes for the first time CRP plasma/serum concentrations in a large group of harbor seals. It suggests that CRP is useful to detect inflammatory conditions and may help to improve health studies of this species. %0 journal article %@ 0003-7028 %A Pröfrock, D., Prange, A. %D 2012 %J Applied Spectroscopy %N 8 %P 844-868 %R doi:10.1366/12-06681 %T Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Quantitative Analysis in Environmental and Life Sciences: A Review of Challenges, Solutions, and Trends %U https://doi.org/10.1366/12-06681 8 %X This focal point review provides an overview of recent developments and capabilities of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) coupled with different separation techniques for applications in the fields of quantitative environmental and bio-analysis. Over the past years numerous technical improvements, which are highlighted in this review, have helped to promote the evolution of ICP-MS to one of the most versatile tools for elemental quantification. In particular, the benefits and possibilities of using state-of-the-art hyphenated ICP-MS approaches for quantitative analysis are demonstrated with a focus on environmental and bio-analytical applications. %0 journal article %@ 1756-5901 %A Grebe, M., Pröfrock, D., Kakuschke, A., Broekaert, J.A.C., Prange, A. %D 2011 %J Metallomics %N 2 %P 176-185 %R doi:10.1039/c0mt00076k %T Absolute quantification of transferrin in blood samples of harbour seals using HPLC-ICP-MS %U https://doi.org/10.1039/c0mt00076k 2 %X Currently, most assay based quantification methods for Tf are limited since they often provide only information of the total Tf concentration rather than its different isoforms or deliver only relative concentrations of the Tf isoforms. Due to the lack of suitable antibodies for seal Tf also the application of more specific antibody based approaches is not possible. Within this background a new approach for the absolute quantification of the iron-transport protein Tf in the blood of harbour seals using its characteristic iron content and HPLC-ICP-MS detection is described. Method validation was performed using a certified human serum reference material (ERM-DA470K/IFCC). A Tf concentration of 2.33 ± 0.03 g L-1 (sum of all quantified isoforms) has been calculated, which is in good agreement with the certified total Tf concentration of 2.35 ± 0.08 g L-1, confirming the accuracy of the proposed analytical method. Finally, different seal samples were analysed to demonstrate the suitability of the method for the quantification of Tf in real samples as well as to observe modified glycoform patterns. A baseline reference range of 1.50 – 2.44 g L-1 Tf in serum and 0.00 – 0.18 g L-1 CDT in serum of harbour seals of the German North Sea was estimated. %0 journal article %@ 0025-326X %A Kakuschke, A., Valentine-Thon, E., Griesel, S., Gandreass, J., Perez Luzardo, O., Dominguez Boada, L., Zumbado Pena, M., Almeida Gonzalez, M., Grebe, M., Pröfrock, D., Erbsloeh, H.-B., Kramer, K., Fonfara, S., Prange, A. %D 2010 %J Marine Pollution Bulletin %N 11 %P 2079-2086 %R doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.011 %T First health and pollution study on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) living in the German Elbe estuary %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.011 11 %X The Elbe is one of the major rivers releasing pollutants into the coastal areas of the German North Sea. Its estuary represents the habitat of a small population of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Only little is known about the health status and contamination levels of these seals. Therefore, a first-ever seal catch was organized next to the islands of Neuwerk and Scharhörn in the region of the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park. The investigations included a broad set of health parameters and the analysis of metals and organic pollutants in blood samples. Compared to animals of other Wadden Sea areas, the seals showed higher γ-globulin levels, suggesting higher concentrations of pathogens in this near-urban area, elevated concentrations for several metals in particular for V, Sn, Pb, and Sr, and comparable ranges for chlorinated organic contaminants, except for elevated levels of hexachlorobenzene, which indicates characteristic inputs from the Elbe.