@misc{odell_concentration_and_2024, author={O'Dell, J.}, title={Concentration and distribution of microplastics in the deep-sea sediments of the Congo Canyon System}, year={2024}, howpublished = {master thesis: Utrecht University}, abstract = {Turbidity currents are underwater flows of sediment, and a major process in the distribution of sediment. Submarine canyon systems can stretch for hundreds, if not thousands of kilometres out into the deep ocean. They offer a timeline of sedimentary process, and additionally act as record keeper for our pollution of the rivers and seas. The Congo Canyon is a submarine canyon system off the coast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Western Africa with a proximal part in the territorial waters of Angola. Submarine events in the canyon can last weeks and may result in the transport of numerous cubic kilometres of sedimentary material. However, we do not currently know for certain that these events transport plastic, nor how much material they transport. In this project I processed collected cores sediments from the Congo Canyon to remove organic material and isolate microplastics. I analysed them using LD-IR (Laser Direct Infrared Spectroscopy) following the technique developed by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon to determine the presence, frequency, and polymer classification of each sample. Plastics were ubiquitous amongst all of the core samples, and my calculations showed that up to 9,138 microplastic particles per kilogram of sediment were present in the Congo Canyon System. I did not find that grain size impacted the sorting or dispersal of microplastic fragments, however the density of the polymer resulted in preferential deposition, where higher density plastics were deposited earlier in the channel. However, I acknowledge the size of this dataset, and that further interlinking with sediment trap data is required to understand the input of sediment from the water column. I have made recommendations on future lab work, possible refinements to the lab protocol, and additional validation of the current process to further strengthen the applicability of this work.}, note = {O'Dell, J.: Concentration and distribution of microplastics in the deep-sea sediments of the Congo Canyon System. Utrecht University, 2024.}} @misc{hildebrandt_laser_microdissection_2023, author={Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Laser microdissection pressure catapulting (LMPC): a new technique to handle single microplastic particles for number-based validation strategies}, year={2023}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04611-z}, abstract = {This study examines laser microdissection pressure catapulting (LMPC) as an innovative method for microplastic research. Laser pressure catapulting as part of commercially available LMPC microscopes enables the precise handling of microplastic particles without any mechanical contact. In fact, individual particles with sizes between several micrometers and several hundred micrometers can be transported over centimeter-wide distances into a collection vial. Therefore, the technology enables the exact handling of defined numbers of small microplastics (or even individual ones) with the greatest precision. Herewith, it allows the production of particle number-based spike suspensions for method validation. Proof-of-principle LMPC experiments with polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate model particles in the size range from 20 to 63 µm and polystyrene microspheres (10 µm diameter) demonstrated precise particle handling without fragmentation. Furthermore, the ablated particles showed no evidence of chemical alteration as seen in the particles’ IR spectra acquired via laser direct infrared analysis. We propose LMPC as a promising new tool to produce future microplastic reference materials such as particle-number spiked suspensions, since LMPC circumvents the uncertainties resulting from the potentially heterogeneous behavior or inappropriate sampling from microplastic suspensions. Furthermore, LMPC could be advantageous for the generation of very accurate calibration series of spherical particles for microplastic analysis via pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (down to 0.54 ng), as it omits the dissolution of bulk polymers.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04611-z} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Laser microdissection pressure catapulting (LMPC): a new technique to handle single microplastic particles for number-based validation strategies. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2023. vol. 415, 3041-3049. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04611-z}} @misc{prfrock_new_applications_2023, author={Pröfrock, D., Przibilla, A., Klein, O., Hildebrandt, L., Ebeling, A., el Gareb, F., Rohrweber, A., Witthoff, C., Zimmermann, T.}, title={New Applications of ICP-MS/MS and MC ICP-MS to study the chemical anthropocene}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Ljubljana (SVN);}, note = {Pröfrock, D.; Przibilla, A.; Klein, O.; Hildebrandt, L.; Ebeling, A.; el Gareb, F.; Rohrweber, A.; Witthoff, C.; Zimmermann, T.: New Applications of ICP-MS/MS and MC ICP-MS to study the chemical anthropocene. European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry. Ljubljana (SVN), 2023.}} @misc{zimmermann_elemental_fingerprint_2023, author={Zimmermann, T., Hildebrandt, L., Fensky, F., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Elemental fingerprint analysis of (micro) plastics via ICP-MS/MS – A possible tool for source tracing?}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Ljubljana (SVN);}, note = {Zimmermann, T.; Hildebrandt, L.; Fensky, F.; Pröfrock, D.: Elemental fingerprint analysis of (micro) plastics via ICP-MS/MS – A possible tool for source tracing?. European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry. Ljubljana (SVN), 2023.}} @misc{klein_using_icpmsms_2023, author={Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Hildebrandt, L., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Using ICP-MS/MS in complex environments - spatial distribution and possible sources of technology-critical elements}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference poster: Ljubljana (SVN);}, note = {Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Hildebrandt, L.; Pröfrock, D.: Using ICP-MS/MS in complex environments - spatial distribution and possible sources of technology-critical elements. In: European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry. Ljubljana (SVN). 2023.}} @misc{ebeling_from_offshore_2023, author={Ebeling, A., Wippermann, D., Zonderman, A., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Erbslöh, H., Kirchgeorg, T., Weinberg, I., Pröfrock, D.}, title={From offshore wind to green Power-to-X products – how ICP-MS can help to monitor potential emerging chemical emissions}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference poster: Ljubljana (SVN);}, note = {Ebeling, A.; Wippermann, D.; Zonderman, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.; Erbslöh, H.; Kirchgeorg, T.; Weinberg, I.; Pröfrock, D.: From offshore wind to green Power-to-X products – how ICP-MS can help to monitor potential emerging chemical emissions. In: European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry 2023. Ljubljana (SVN). 2023.}} @misc{przibilla_response_of_2023, author={Przibilla, A., Sanders, T., Zimmermann, T., Schulz, G., Nantke, C., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Response of metal contaminated Skagerrak sediments to changing oxygen conditions}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Lyon (FRA);}, note = {Przibilla, A.; Sanders, T.; Zimmermann, T.; Schulz, G.; Nantke, C.; Pröfrock, D.: Response of metal contaminated Skagerrak sediments to changing oxygen conditions. Goldschmidt Conference 2023. Lyon (FRA), 2023.}} @misc{hildebrandt_bestimmung_elementarer_2023, author={Hildebrandt, L., Fensky, F., Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Bestimmung elementarer Fingerabdrücke von Korrosionsschutzbeschichtungen mittels ICP-MS/MS als wichtiger Baustein für die Mikroplastikanalytik}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Augsburg (DEU);}, note = {Hildebrandt, L.; Fensky, F.; Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Bestimmung elementarer Fingerabdrücke von Korrosionsschutzbeschichtungen mittels ICP-MS/MS als wichtiger Baustein für die Mikroplastikanalytik. Wasser 2023 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft. Augsburg (DEU), 2023.}} @misc{pohl_how_could_2023, author={Pohl, F., De Falco, F., Russell, C., Hildebrandt, L., Miramontes, E.}, title={How could it get any worse? The ecotoxic legacy of plastic pollution and the role of plastic transport and distribution; fragmentation; degradation; and leaching of chemical additives}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Vienna (AUT);}, note = {Pohl, F.; De Falco, F.; Russell, C.; Hildebrandt, L.; Miramontes, E.: How could it get any worse? The ecotoxic legacy of plastic pollution and the role of plastic transport and distribution; fragmentation; degradation; and leaching of chemical additives. EGU General Assembly 2023. Vienna (AUT), 2023.}} @misc{prfrock_offshore_windfarms_2023, author={Pröfrock, D., Ebeling, A., Wippermann, D., Klein, O., Zimmermann, T.}, title={Offshore Windfarms als potentielle Punktquellen für Schadstoffe in der Marinen Umwelt}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual;}, note = {Pröfrock, D.; Ebeling, A.; Wippermann, D.; Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.: Offshore Windfarms als potentielle Punktquellen für Schadstoffe in der Marinen Umwelt. Workshop des AK Umweltmonitorings der GDCH. Virtual, 2023.}} @misc{pohl_the_submarine_2023, author={Pohl, F., Hildebrandt, L., O’Dell, J., Talling, P., Baker, M., El Gareb, F., La Nasa, J., De Falco, F., Mattonai, M., Ruffell, S., Eggenhuisen, J., Modugno, F., Pröfrock, D., Pope, E., Silva Jacinto, R., Heijnen, M., Hage, S., Simmons, S., Hasenhündl, M., Heerema, C.}, title={The submarine Congo Canyon as a conduit for microplastics to the deep sea}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Utrecht (NLD);}, note = {Pohl, F.; Hildebrandt, L.; O’Dell, J.; Talling, P.; Baker, M.; El Gareb, F.; La Nasa, J.; De Falco, F.; Mattonai, M.; Ruffell, S.; Eggenhuisen, J.; Modugno, F.; Pröfrock, D.; Pope, E.; Silva Jacinto, R.; Heijnen, M.; Hage, S.; Simmons, S.; Hasenhündl, M.; Heerema, C.: The submarine Congo Canyon as a conduit for microplastics to the deep sea. Bouma Deep Water Geoscience Conference. Utrecht (NLD), 2023.}} @misc{fink_potential_impact_2023, author={Fink, L., Karl, M., Matthias, V., Oppo, S., Kranenburg, R., Kuenen, J., Moldanova, J., Jutterström, S., Jalkanen, J., Majamäki, E.}, title={Potential impact of shipping on air pollution in the Mediterranean region – a multimodel evaluation: comparison of photooxidants NO2 and O3}, year={2023}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1825-2023}, abstract = {The model results differ regarding the time series and pattern but are similar concerning the overall underestimation of NO2 and overestimation of O3. The potential impact from ships on the total NO2 concentration was especially high on the main shipping routes and in coastal regions (25 % to 85 %). The potential impact from ships on the total O3 concentration was lowest in regions with the highest NO2 impact (down to −20%). CAMx and CHIMERE simulated the highest potential impacts of ships on the NO2 and O3 air concentrations. Additionally, the strongest correlation was found between CAMx and CHIMERE, which can be traced back to the use of the same meteorological input data. The other models used different meteorological input due to their standard setup. The CMAQ-, EMEP- and LOTOS-EUROS-simulated values were within one range for the NO2 and O3 air concentrations. Regarding simulated deposition, larger differences between the models were found when compared to air concentration. These uncertainties and deviations between models are caused by deposition mechanisms, which are unique within each model. A reliable output from models simulating ships' potential impacts can be expected for air concentrations of NO2 and O3.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1825-2023} (DOI). Fink, L.; Karl, M.; Matthias, V.; Oppo, S.; Kranenburg, R.; Kuenen, J.; Moldanova, J.; Jutterström, S.; Jalkanen, J.; Majamäki, E.: Potential impact of shipping on air pollution in the Mediterranean region – a multimodel evaluation: comparison of photooxidants NO2 and O3. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2023. vol. 23, no. 3, 1825-1862. DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-1825-2023}} @misc{klein_exploiting_the_2023, author={Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Exploiting the Urban Mine - Methodology for TCE determination in electronic scrap material using ICP-MS/MS}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Dortmund (DEU);}, note = {Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Exploiting the Urban Mine - Methodology for TCE determination in electronic scrap material using ICP-MS/MS. 54th annual conference of the DGMS. Dortmund (DEU), 2023.}} @misc{schattschneider_entwicklung_einer_2023, author={Schattschneider, J.}, title={Entwicklung einer Methode zur Bestimmung von organischen Plastikadditiven in wässrigen Proben mittels LC-MS/MS und GC-MSMS}, year={2023}, howpublished = {master thesis: Universität Hamburg}, note = {Schattschneider, J.: Entwicklung einer Methode zur Bestimmung von organischen Plastikadditiven in wässrigen Proben mittels LC-MS/MS und GC-MSMS. Universität Hamburg, 2023.}} @misc{koziol_harmonising_environmental_2023, author={Koziol, K., Kallenborn, R., Xie, Z., Larose, C., Spolaor, A., Barbaro, E., Kavan, J., Kępski, D., Nikulina, A., Zawierucha, K., Pearce, D., Cockerton, L., Nawrot, A., Pawlak, F., Pakszys, P., Cappelletti, D.}, title={Harmonising Environmental Research and Monitoring of Priority Pollutants and Impurities in the Svalbard Atmosphere}, year={2023}, howpublished = {report part}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7406842}, abstract = {Many characteristics of atmospheric air are measured in Svalbard, including levels of chemical pollution, dark dust connected to soot, and living organisms, but most of these studies happen in Ny-Ålesund. Air monitoring was initiated as early as the 1970s, and multiple atmospheric components have been added to the monitoring over time (especially since 2010; in the early 2000s a few parameters measured at Hornsund joined the regular programme). New types of contaminants are being discovered and measured in Svalbard. Methods for detecting simpler substances and particles have been established for a long time, while certain complex chemicals and small living organisms are more difficult to capture and study. Laboratory and field equipment upgrades help improve understanding of the Svalbard environment. In this chapter, we find that collecting information on many characteristics of the air at the same time helps solve long-standing scientific questions in Svalbard, such as the origins of pollution in the Arctic air and the future of the Arctic atmosphere in a changing world. This is especially important since the Arctic is changing fast, both due to global warming and to the shift in local people’s activity from mining to services, e.g. tourism.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7406842} (DOI). Koziol, K.; Kallenborn, R.; Xie, Z.; Larose, C.; Spolaor, A.; Barbaro, E.; Kavan, J.; Kępski, D.; Nikulina, A.; Zawierucha, K.; Pearce, D.; Cockerton, L.; Nawrot, A.; Pawlak, F.; Pakszys, P.; Cappelletti, D.: Harmonising Environmental Research and Monitoring of Priority Pollutants and Impurities in the Svalbard Atmosphere. In: Gevers M.; David D.; Thakur R.; Hübner C.; Jania J. (Ed.): SESS report 2022 : The State of Environmental Science in Svalbard - an annual report. Longyearbyen: Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS). 2023. 78-115. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7406842}} @misc{bailey_localizing_sdg_2023, author={Bailey, J., Ramacher, M., Speyer, O., Athanasopoulou, E., Karl, M., Gerasopoulos, E.}, title={Localizing SDG 11.6.2 via Earth Observation, Modelling Applications, and Harmonised City Definitions: Policy Implications on Addressing Air Pollution}, year={2023}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041082}, abstract = {While Earth observation (EO) increasingly provides a multitude of solutions to address environmental issues and sustainability from the city to global scale, their operational integration into the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) framework is still falling behind. Within this framework, SDG Indicator 11.6.2 asks countries to report the “annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities (population-weighted)”. The official United Nations (UN) methodology entails aggregation into a single, national level value derived from regulatory air quality monitoring networks, which are non-existent or sparse in many countries. EO, including, but not limited to remote sensing, brings forth novel monitoring methods to estimate SDG Indicator 11.6.2 alongside more traditional ones, and allows for comparability and scalability in the face of varying city definitions and monitoring capacities which impact the validity and usefulness of such an indicator. Pursuing a more harmonised global approach, the H2020 SMURBS/ERA-PLANET project provides two EO-driven approaches to deliver the indicator on a more granular level across Europe. The first approach provides both city and national values for SDG Indicator 11.6.2 through exploiting the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service reanalysis data (0.1° resolution and incorporating in situ and remote sensing data) for PM2.5 values. The SDG Indicator 11.6.2 values are calculated using two objective city definitions—“functional urban area” and “urban centre”—that follow the UN sanctioned Degree of Urbanization concept, and then compared with official indicator values. In the second approach, a high-resolution city-scale chemical transport model ingests satellite-derived data and calculates SDG Indicator 11.6.2 at intra-urban scales. Both novel approaches to calculating SDG Indicator 11.6.2 using EO enable exploration of air pollution hotspots that drive the indicator as well as actual population exposure within cities, which can influence funding allocation and intervention implementation. The approaches are introduced, and their results frame a discussion around interesting policy implications, all with the aim to help move the dial beyond solely reporting on SDGs to designing the pathways to achieve the overarching targets.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041082} (DOI). Bailey, J.; Ramacher, M.; Speyer, O.; Athanasopoulou, E.; Karl, M.; Gerasopoulos, E.: Localizing SDG 11.6.2 via Earth Observation, Modelling Applications, and Harmonised City Definitions: Policy Implications on Addressing Air Pollution. Remote Sensing. 2023. vol. 15, no. 4, 1082. DOI: 10.3390/rs15041082}} @misc{joerss_the_complex_2023, author={Joerss, H., Menger, F.}, title={The complex ‘PFAS world’ - how recent discoveries and novel screening tools reinforce existing concerns}, year={2023}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2023.100775}, abstract = {In recent years, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based studies have highlighted an increasingly complex ‘PFAS world’ and thousands of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are known today. Major new discoveries were made when previously unexplored PFAS sources or transformation pathways were investigated and when HRMS was combined with other analytical methods. Advances in analysis and data treatment have pointed to blind spots, and extensive suspect screening lists and data evaluation approaches have become available. Research has a vital role in making HRMS fit for broad application and, considering ongoing discussions supporting a grouping of PFAS, transitioning society towards a fundamentally new way of regulating, monitoring and managing PFAS.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2023.100775} (DOI). Joerss, H.; Menger, F.: The complex ‘PFAS world’ - how recent discoveries and novel screening tools reinforce existing concerns. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry. 2023. vol. 40, 100775. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2023.100775}} @misc{wippermann_potential_of_2023, author={Wippermann, D., Zonderman, A., Ebeling, A., Klein, O., Hans-Burkhard, E., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Potential of ICP-MS/MS to study the impact of trace metals released from offshore wind farm corrosion protection on marine biota}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference poster: Ljubljana (SVN);}, note = {Wippermann, D.; Zonderman, A.; Ebeling, A.; Klein, O.; Hans-Burkhard, E.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Potential of ICP-MS/MS to study the impact of trace metals released from offshore wind farm corrosion protection on marine biota. In: European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry. Ljubljana (SVN). 2023.}} @misc{przibilla_analysis_of_2023, author={Przibilla, A., Iwainski, S., Zimmermann, T., Nantke, C., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Analysis of dissolved trace metals in North Sea water: How to obtain reliable data using ICP-MS/MS?}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Dortmund (DEU);}, note = {Przibilla, A.; Iwainski, S.; Zimmermann, T.; Nantke, C.; Pröfrock, D.: Analysis of dissolved trace metals in North Sea water: How to obtain reliable data using ICP-MS/MS?. 54th annual conference of the DGMS. Dortmund (DEU), 2023.}} @misc{pohl_the_submarine_2023, author={Pohl, F., Hildebrandt, L., O’Dell, J., Talling, P., Baker, M., El Gareb, F., La Nasa, J., De Falco, F., Mattonai, M., Ruffell, S., Eggenhuisen, J., Modugno, F., Proefrock, D., Pope, E., Silva Jacinto, R., Heijnen, M., Hage, S., Simmons, S., Hasenhündl, M., Heerema, C.}, title={The submarine Congo Canyon as a conduit for microplastics to the deep sea}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference poster: Wien (AUT);}, note = {Pohl, F.; Hildebrandt, L.; O’Dell, J.; Talling, P.; Baker, M.; El Gareb, F.; La Nasa, J.; De Falco, F.; Mattonai, M.; Ruffell, S.; Eggenhuisen, J.; Modugno, F.; Proefrock, D.; Pope, E.; Silva Jacinto, R.; Heijnen, M.; Hage, S.; Simmons, S.; Hasenhündl, M.; Heerema, C.: The submarine Congo Canyon as a conduit for microplastics to the deep sea. In: EGU General Assembly 2023. Wien (AUT). 2023.}} @misc{denotter_release_of_2023, author={den Otter, J., Pröfrock, D., Bünning, T., Strehse, J., Van der Heijden, A., Maser, E.}, title={Release of Ammunition-Related Compounds from a Dutch Marine Dump Site}, year={2023}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030238}, abstract = {After World War II, large amounts of ammunition were dumped in surface waters worldwide, potentially releasing harmful and toxic compounds to the environment. To study their degradation, ammunition items dumped in the Eastern Scheldt in The Netherlands were surfaced. Severe damage due to corrosion and leak paths through the casings were observed, making the explosives in the ammunition accessible to sea water. Using novel techniques, the concentrations of ammunition-related compounds in the surrounding seabed and in the seawater were analyzed at 15 different locations. In the direct vicinity of ammunition, elevated concentrations of ammunition-related compounds (both metals and organic substances) were found. Concentrations of energetic compounds ranged from below the limit of detection (LoD) up to the low two-digit ng/L range in water samples, and from below the LoD up to the one-digit ng/g dry weight range in sediment samples. Concentrations of metals were found up to the low microgram/L range in water and up the low ng/g dry weight in sediment. However, even though the water and sediment samples were collected as close to the ammunition items as possible, the concentrations of these compounds were low and, as far as available, no quality standards or limits were exceeded. The presence of fouling, the low solubility of the energetic compounds, and dilution by the high local water current were concluded to be the main causes for the absence of high concentrations of ammunition-related compounds. As a conclusion, these new analytical methods should be applied to continuously monitor the Eastern Scheldt munitions dump site.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030238} (DOI). den Otter, J.; Pröfrock, D.; Bünning, T.; Strehse, J.; Van der Heijden, A.; Maser, E.: Release of Ammunition-Related Compounds from a Dutch Marine Dump Site. Toxics. 2023. vol. 11, no. 3, 238. DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030238}} @misc{custdio_odds_and_2022, author={Custódio, D., Pfaffhuber, K. A., Spain, T. G., Pankratov, F. F., Strigunova, I., Molepo, K., Skov, H., Bieser, J., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Odds and ends of atmospheric mercury in Europe and over the North Atlantic Ocean: temporal trends of 25 years of measurements}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3827-2022}, abstract = {. Concentrations of TGM at remote marine sites were shown to be affected by continental long-range transport, and evaluation of reanalysis back trajectories displays a significant decrease in TGM in continental air masses from Europe in the last 2 decades. In addition, using the relationship between mercury and other atmospheric trace gases that could serve as a source signature, we perform factorization regression analysis, based on positive rotatable factorization to solve probabilistic mass functions. We reconstructed atmospheric mercury concentration and assessed the contribution of the major natural and anthropogenic sources. The results reveal that the observed downward trend in the atmospheric mercury is mainly associated with a factor with a high load of long-lived anthropogenic species.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3827-2022} (DOI). Custódio, D.; Pfaffhuber, K.; Spain, T.; Pankratov, F.; Strigunova, I.; Molepo, K.; Skov, H.; Bieser, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Odds and ends of atmospheric mercury in Europe and over the North Atlantic Ocean: temporal trends of 25 years of measurements. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2022. vol. 22, no. 6, 3827-3840. DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-3827-2022}} @misc{xie_organophosphate_ester_2022, author={Xie, Z., Wang, P., Wang, X., Castro-Jiménez, J., Kallenborn, R., Liao, C., Mi, W., Lohmann, R., Vila-Costa, M., Dachs, J.}, title={Organophosphate ester pollution in the oceans}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00277-w}, abstract = {The large-scale use of organophosphate esters (OPEs) as flame retardants and plasticizers has led to their prevalence in the environment, with still unknown broader impacts. This Review describes the transport and occurrence of OPEs in marine systems and summarizes emerging evidence of their biogeochemical and ecosystem impacts. Long-range environmental transport via the atmosphere and ocean currents distributes OPEs from industrialized regions to the open ocean. OPEs are most prevalent in coastal regions, but notable concentrations are also found in the Arctic and regions far from shore. Air–water interactions are important for the transport of OPEs to remote oceans and polar regions. Processes such as degradation and sinking of particle-bound compounds modulate the properties and fate of OPEs in the water column, where they are potentially a non-accounted source of anthropogenic organic phosphorus for microbial communities. Some OPEs have toxic effects in marine species and are found in measurable quantities in fish and other aquatic organisms. However, there is conflicting evidence on the potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification of OPEs. Future work must constrain the large-scale impact of OPEs on marine biota and biogeochemistry to support more effective regulation and mitigation.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00277-w} (DOI). Xie, Z.; Wang, P.; Wang, X.; Castro-Jiménez, J.; Kallenborn, R.; Liao, C.; Mi, W.; Lohmann, R.; Vila-Costa, M.; Dachs, J.: Organophosphate ester pollution in the oceans. Nature Reviews. Earth & Environment. 2022. vol. 3, no. 5, 309-322. DOI: 10.1038/s43017-022-00277-w}} @misc{kremmler_development_and_2022, author={Kremmler, S.}, title={Development and Validation of a suitable digestion method for the determination of technology-critical elements in waste printed circuit boards}, year={2022}, howpublished = {master thesis: Hochschule Mannheim}, note = {Kremmler, S.: Development and Validation of a suitable digestion method for the determination of technology-critical elements in waste printed circuit boards. Hochschule Mannheim, 2022.}} @misc{georgiadis_stateofplay_in_2022, author={Georgiadis, C., Patias, P., Verde, N., Tsioukas, V., Kaimaris, D., Georgoula, O., Kocman, D., Athanasopoulou, E., Speyer, O., Raudner, A., Karl, M., Gerasopoulos, E.}, title={State-of-play in addressing urban environmental pressures: Mind the gaps}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.02.030}, abstract = {The creation of Smart Cities is an emerging research and application field that has the objective to increase city resilience and improve the quality of life for citizens. In this paper an extensive and thorough gap analysis that was performed in the framework of the SMURBS1 project is presented. The gap analysis identified 117 gaps in the legal, methodological, and technological framework, in the thematic areas of air quality, disasters, urban growth and migration. The identified gaps can be used by policy makers in local, regional, national, or even at EU or UN level to form new policies that will bridge these gaps and lead to the creation of resilient and sustainable smart cities.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.02.030} (DOI). Georgiadis, C.; Patias, P.; Verde, N.; Tsioukas, V.; Kaimaris, D.; Georgoula, O.; Kocman, D.; Athanasopoulou, E.; Speyer, O.; Raudner, A.; Karl, M.; Gerasopoulos, E.: State-of-play in addressing urban environmental pressures: Mind the gaps. Environmental Science & Policy. 2022. vol. 132, 308-322. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2022.02.030}} @misc{sokhi_advances_in_2022, author={Sokhi, R. S., Moussiopoulos, N., Baklanov, A., Bartzis, J., Coll, I., Finardi, S., Friedrich, R., Geels, C., Grönholm, T., Halenka, T., Ketzel, M., Maragkidou, A., Matthias, V., Moldanova, J., Ntziachristos, L., Schäfer, K., Suppan, P., Tsegas, G., Carmichael, G., Franco, V., Hanna, S., Jalkanen, J.-P., Velders, G. J. M., Kukkonen, J.}, title={Advances in air quality research - current and emerging challenges}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4615-2022}, abstract = {This review provides a community's perspective on air quality research focusing mainly on developments over the past decade. The article provides perspectives on current and future challenges as well as research needs for selected key topics. While this paper is not an exhaustive review of all research areas in the field of air quality, we have selected key topics that we feel are important from air quality research and policy perspectives. After providing a short historical overview, this review focuses on improvements in characterizing sources and emissions of air pollution, new air quality observations and instrumentation, advances in air quality prediction and forecasting, understanding interactions of air quality with meteorology and climate, exposure and health assessment, and air quality management and policy. In conducting the review, specific objectives were (i) to address current developments that push the boundaries of air quality research forward, (ii) to highlight the emerging prominent gaps of knowledge in air quality research, and (iii) to make recommendations to guide the direction for future research within the wider community. This review also identifies areas of particular importance for air quality policy. The original concept of this review was borne at the International Conference on Air Quality 2020 (held online due to the COVID 19 restrictions during 18–26 May 2020), but the article incorporates a wider landscape of research literature within the field of air quality science. On air pollution emissions the review highlights, in particular, the need to reduce uncertainties in emissions from diffuse sources, particulate matter chemical components, shipping emissions, and the importance of considering both indoor and outdoor sources. There is a growing need to have integrated air pollution and related observations from both ground-based and remote sensing instruments, including in particular those on satellites. The research should also capitalize on the growing area of low-cost sensors, while ensuring a quality of the measurements which are regulated by guidelines. Connecting various physical scales in air quality modelling is still a continual issue, with cities being affected by air pollution gradients at local scales and by long-range transport. At the same time, one should allow for the impacts from climate change on a longer timescale. Earth system modelling offers considerable potential by providing a consistent framework for treating scales and processes, especially where there are significant feedbacks, such as those related to aerosols, chemistry, and meteorology. Assessment of exposure to air pollution should consider the impacts of both indoor and outdoor emissions, as well as application of more sophisticated, dynamic modelling approaches to predict concentrations of air pollutants in both environments. With particulate matter being one of the most important pollutants for health, research is indicating the urgent need to understand, in particular, the role of particle number and chemical components in terms of health impact, which in turn requires improved emission inventories and models for predicting high-resolution distributions of these metrics over cities. The review also examines how air pollution management needs to adapt to the above-mentioned new challenges and briefly considers the implications from the COVID-19 pandemic for air quality. Finally, we provide recommendations for air quality research and support for policy.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4615-2022} (DOI). Sokhi, R.; Moussiopoulos, N.; Baklanov, A.; Bartzis, J.; Coll, I.; Finardi, S.; Friedrich, R.; Geels, C.; Grönholm, T.; Halenka, T.; Ketzel, M.; Maragkidou, A.; Matthias, V.; Moldanova, J.; Ntziachristos, L.; Schäfer, K.; Suppan, P.; Tsegas, G.; Carmichael, G.; Franco, V.; Hanna, S.; Jalkanen, J.; Velders, G.; Kukkonen, J.: Advances in air quality research - current and emerging challenges. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2022. vol. 22, no. 7, 4615-4703. DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-4615-2022}} @misc{gerasopoulos_earth_observation_2022, author={Gerasopoulos, E., Bailey, J., Athanasopoulou, E., Speyer, O., Kocman, D., Raudner, A., Tsouni, A., Kontoes, H., Johansson, C., Georgiadis, C., Matthias, V., Kussul, N., Aquilino, M., Paasonen, P.}, title={Earth observation: An integral part of a smart and sustainable city}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.02.033}, abstract = {Over the course of the 21st century, a century in which the urbanization process of the previous one is ever on the rise, the novel smart city concept has rapidly evolved and now encompasses the broader aspect of sustainability. Concurrently, there has been a sea change in the domain of Earth observation (EO) where scientific and technological breakthroughs are accompanied by a paradigm shift in the provision of open and free data. While the urban and EO communities share the end goal of achieving sustainability, cities still lack an understanding of the value EO can bring in this direction, an next a consolidated framework for tapping the full potential of EO and integrating it in their operational modus operandi. The “SMart URBan Solutions for air quality, disasters and city growth” H2020 project (SMURBS/ERA-PLANET) sits at this scientific and policy crossroad, and, by creating bottom-up EO-driven solutions against an array of environmental urban pressures, and by expanding the network of engaged and exemplary smart cities that push the state-of-the-art in EO uptake, brings the international ongoing discussion of EO for sustainable cities closer to home and contributes in this discussion. This paper advocates for EO as an integral part of a smart and sustainable city and aspires to lead by example. To this end, it documents the project’s impacts, ranging from the grander policy fields to an evolving portfolio of smart urban solutions and everyday city operations, as well as the cornerstones for successful EO integration. Drawing a parallel with the utilization of EO in supporting several aspects of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, it aspires to be a point of reference for upcoming endeavors of city stakeholders and the EO community alike, to tread together, beyond traditional monitoring or urban planning, and to lay the foundations for urban sustainability.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.02.033} (DOI). Gerasopoulos, E.; Bailey, J.; Athanasopoulou, E.; Speyer, O.; Kocman, D.; Raudner, A.; Tsouni, A.; Kontoes, H.; Johansson, C.; Georgiadis, C.; Matthias, V.; Kussul, N.; Aquilino, M.; Paasonen, P.: Earth observation: An integral part of a smart and sustainable city. Environmental Science & Policy. 2022. vol. 132, 296-307. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2022.02.033}} @misc{hildebrandt_microplastic_compendium_2022, author={Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Hansen, J., Takyar, H., Lange, M., Zimmermann, T., Jahnke, A., Bergmann, M., Peeken, I., Tekman, M., Gerdts, G., Bellou, N., Pohl, F., Baldewein, L., Pröfrock, D., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Microplastic Compendium}, year={2022}, howpublished = {Other: online contribution}, abstract = {URL: www.microplastic-compendium.eu}, note = {Hildebrandt, L.; El Gareb, F.; Hansen, J.; Takyar, H.; Lange, M.; Zimmermann, T.; Jahnke, A.; Bergmann, M.; Peeken, I.; Tekman, M.; Gerdts, G.; Bellou, N.; Pohl, F.; Baldewein, L.; Pröfrock, D.; Ebinghaus, R.: Microplastic Compendium. Coastal Pollution Toolbox. 2022.}} @misc{witthoff_entwicklung_einer_2022, author={Witthoff, C.}, title={Entwicklung einer HPLC-ICP-MS/MS-Methode zur Erfassung von ausgewählten Arsen-Spezies in marinen Sedimenten und deren Anwendung auf einen Sedimentkern aus dem Skagerrak}, year={2022}, howpublished = {thesis: Technische Universität Braunschweig}, note = {Witthoff, C.: Entwicklung einer HPLC-ICP-MS/MS-Methode zur Erfassung von ausgewählten Arsen-Spezies in marinen Sedimenten und deren Anwendung auf einen Sedimentkern aus dem Skagerrak. Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2022.}} @misc{rohrweber_optimized_analysis_2022, author={Rohrweber, A.}, title={Optimized analysis of Pu-239 and Pu-240 in geological samples via ICP–MS/MS for use as a tracer for soil erosion rates}, year={2022}, howpublished = {master thesis: Universität Hamburg}, note = {Rohrweber, A.: Optimized analysis of Pu-239 and Pu-240 in geological samples via ICP–MS/MS for use as a tracer for soil erosion rates. Universität Hamburg, 2022.}} @misc{meier_climate_change_2022, author={Meier, H., Kniebusch, M., Dieterich, C., Gröger, M., Zorita, E., Elmgren, R., Myrberg, K., Ahola, M. P., Bartosova, A., Bonsdorff, E., Börgel, F., Capell, R., Carlén, I., Carlund, T., Carstensen, J., Christensen, O. B., Dierschke, V., Frauen, C., Frederiksen, M., Gaget, E., Galatius, A., Haapala, J. J., Halkka, A., Hugelius, G., Hünicke, B., Jaagus, J., Jüssi, M., Käyhkö, J., Kirchner, N., Kjellström, E., Kulinski, K., Lehmann, A., Lindström, G., May, W., Miller, P. A., Mohrholz, V., Müller-Karulis, B., Pavón-Jordán, D., Quante, M., Reckermann, M., Rutgersson, A., Savchuk, O. P., Stendel, M., Tuomi, L., Viitasalo, M., Weisse, R., Zhang, W.}, title={Climate change in the Baltic Sea region: a summary}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-457-2022}, abstract = {Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of global warming on past and future changes in climate of the Baltic Sea region is summarised and assessed. The study is an update of the Second Assessment of Climate Change (BACC II) published in 2015 and focuses on the atmosphere, land, cryosphere, ocean, sediments, and the terrestrial and marine biosphere. Based on the summaries of the recent knowledge gained in palaeo-, historical, and future regional climate research, we find that the main conclusions from earlier assessments still remain valid. However, new long-term, homogenous observational records, for example, for Scandinavian glacier inventories, sea-level-driven saltwater inflows, so-called Major Baltic Inflows, and phytoplankton species distribution, and new scenario simulations with improved models, for example, for glaciers, lake ice, and marine food web, have become available. In many cases, uncertainties can now be better estimated than before because more models were included in the ensembles, especially for the Baltic Sea. With the help of coupled models, feedbacks between several components of the Earth system have been studied, and multiple driver studies were performed, e.g. projections of the food web that include fisheries, eutrophication, and climate change. New datasets and projections have led to a revised understanding of changes in some variables such as salinity. Furthermore, it has become evident that natural variability, in particular for the ocean on multidecadal timescales, is greater than previously estimated, challenging our ability to detect observed and projected changes in climate. In this context, the first palaeoclimate simulations regionalised for the Baltic Sea region are instructive. Hence, estimated uncertainties for the projections of many variables increased. In addition to the well-known influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation, it was found that also other low-frequency modes of internal variability, such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, have profound effects on the climate of the Baltic Sea region. Challenges were also identified, such as the systematic discrepancy between future cloudiness trends in global and regional models and the difficulty of confidently attributing large observed changes in marine ecosystems to climate change. Finally, we compare our results with other coastal sea assessments, such as the North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment (NOSCCA), and find that the effects of climate change on the Baltic Sea differ from those on the North Sea, since Baltic Sea oceanography and ecosystems are very different from other coastal seas such as the North Sea. While the North Sea dynamics are dominated by tides, the Baltic Sea is characterised by brackish water, a perennial vertical stratification in the southern subbasins, and a seasonal sea ice cover in the northern subbasins.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-457-2022} (DOI). Meier, H.; Kniebusch, M.; Dieterich, C.; Gröger, M.; Zorita, E.; Elmgren, R.; Myrberg, K.; Ahola, M.; Bartosova, A.; Bonsdorff, E.; Börgel, F.; Capell, R.; Carlén, I.; Carlund, T.; Carstensen, J.; Christensen, O.; Dierschke, V.; Frauen, C.; Frederiksen, M.; Gaget, E.; Galatius, A.; Haapala, J.; Halkka, A.; Hugelius, G.; Hünicke, B.; Jaagus, J.; Jüssi, M.; Käyhkö, J.; Kirchner, N.; Kjellström, E.; Kulinski, K.; Lehmann, A.; Lindström, G.; May, W.; Miller, P.; Mohrholz, V.; Müller-Karulis, B.; Pavón-Jordán, D.; Quante, M.; Reckermann, M.; Rutgersson, A.; Savchuk, O.; Stendel, M.; Tuomi, L.; Viitasalo, M.; Weisse, R.; Zhang, W.: Climate change in the Baltic Sea region: a summary. Earth System Dynamics. 2022. vol. 13, no. 1, 457-593. DOI: 10.5194/esd-13-457-2022}} @misc{joerss_beyond_the_2022, author={Joerss, H., Menger, F., Tang, J., Ebinghaus, R., Ahrens, L.}, title={Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg: Suspect Screening Reveals Point Source-Specific Patterns of Emerging and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in German and Chinese Rivers}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c07987}, abstract = {Only a few dozens of the several thousand existing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are monitored using conventional target analysis. This study employed suspect screening to examine patterns of emerging and novel PFAS in German and Chinese river water affected by industrial point sources. In total, 86 PFAS were (tentatively) identified and grouped into 18 structure categories. Homologue patterns revealed distinct differences between fluoropolymer production sites of the two countries. In the Chinese Xiaoqing River Basin, the C8 homologue was the most prevalent compound of the emerging series of chlorinated perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (Cl-PFCAs) and perfluoroalkylether carboxylic acids (PFECAs). In contrast, C6 and shorter homologues were dominant in the German Alz River. This indicates that the phaseout of long-chain compounds in Europe and their ongoing production in Asian countries also apply to unregulated emerging PFAS classes. Additional characteristics to differentiate the point sources were the peak area ratio of perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) versus the emerging compound hydro-substituted PFBS (H-PFBS) as well as the occurrence of byproducts of the sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based polymer Nafion. The large number of identified unregulated PFAS underlines the importance of a grouping approach on a regulatory level, whereas the revealed contamination patterns can be used to estimate, prioritize, and minimize contributions of specific sources.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c07987} (DOI). Joerss, H.; Menger, F.; Tang, J.; Ebinghaus, R.; Ahrens, L.: Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg: Suspect Screening Reveals Point Source-Specific Patterns of Emerging and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in German and Chinese Rivers. Environmental Science and Technology. 2022. vol. 56, no. 9, 5456-5465. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07987}} @misc{cong_source_and_2022, author={Cong, B., Li, S., Liu, S., Mi, W., Zhang, C., Xie, Z.}, title={Source and Distribution of Emerging and Legacy Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Basins of the Eastern Indian Ocean}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c08743}, abstract = {Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have received significant and ongoing attention. To establish favorable regulatory policies, it is vital to investigate the occurrence, source, and budgets of POPs worldwide. POPs including phthalic acid esters (PAEs), organophosphate esters (OPEs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and highly chlorinated flame retardants (HFRs) have not yet been examined in the Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO). In this study, the distribution of POPs has been investigated from surface sediments with the depth of 4369–5742 m in the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) and Wharton Basin (WB) of EIO. The average (±SD) concentrations of ∑11PAEs, ∑11OPEs, ∑4 BFRs, and ∑5HFRs were 1202.0 ± 274.36 ng g–1 dw, 15.3 ± 7.23 ng g–1 dw, 327.6 ± 211.74 pg g–1 dw, and 7.9 ± 7.45 pg g–1 dw, respectively. The high abundance of low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAEs, chlorinated OPEs, LMW BDEs, and anti-Dechlorane Plus indicated the pollution characteristics in the EIO. Correlation analysis demonstrated that LMW compounds may be derived from the high-molecular-weight compounds. The monsoon circulation, currents, and Antarctic Bottom Water may be the main drivers. POP accumulation rate, depositional flux, and mass inventory in the Indian Ocean were also estimated.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c08743} (DOI). Cong, B.; Li, S.; Liu, S.; Mi, W.; Zhang, C.; Xie, Z.: Source and Distribution of Emerging and Legacy Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Basins of the Eastern Indian Ocean. Environmental Science and Technology. 2022. vol. 56, no. 7, 4199-4209. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08743}} @misc{elgareb_analyse_des_2022, author={El Gareb, F., Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Kerstan, A., Emeis, K., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Analyse des Vorkommens und der Verteilung von Mikrokunststoffen im tropischen Indischen Ozean mittels Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) Chemical Imaging und mikrowellenunterstützter Probenaufbereitung}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Wiesbaden (DEU);}, note = {El Gareb, F.; Hildebrandt, L.; Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.; Kerstan, A.; Emeis, K.; Pröfrock, D.: Analyse des Vorkommens und der Verteilung von Mikrokunststoffen im tropischen Indischen Ozean mittels Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) Chemical Imaging und mikrowellenunterstützter Probenaufbereitung. Wasser 2022 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft. Wiesbaden (DEU), 2022.}} @misc{gandra_act_now_2022, author={Gandraß, J., Küster, A., Ebinghaus, R., Herata, H., Xie, Z., Koschorreck, J.}, title={Act now - Legacy and Emerging Contaminants in Polar Regions : Workshop Report : Online Expert Workshop January 25th -26th 2022}, year={2022}, howpublished = {report}, abstract = {and Antarctic?}, note = {Gandraß, J.; Küster, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Herata, H.; Xie, Z.; Koschorreck, J.: Act now - Legacy and Emerging Contaminants in Polar Regions : Workshop Report : Online Expert Workshop January 25th -26th 2022. Geesthacht: Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon. 2022.}} @misc{hildebrandt_mikroplastik_als_2022, author={Hildebrandt, L., Nack, F., Zimmermann, T., El Gareb, F., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Mikroplastik als Trojanisches Pferd für Spurenmetalle}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, abstract = {giert auch als Trojanisches Pferd für gelöste Metallkationen.}, note = {Hildebrandt, L.; Nack, F.; Zimmermann, T.; El Gareb, F.; Pröfrock, D.: Mikroplastik als Trojanisches Pferd für Spurenmetalle. Mitteilungen der Fachgruppe Umweltchemie und Oekotoxikologie. 2022. vol. 28, no. 1, 7-10.}} @misc{ebeling_analysis_of_2022, author={Ebeling, A., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Irrgeher, J., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Analysis of Seventeen Certified Water Reference Materials for Trace and Technology-Critical Elements}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12422}, abstract = {Concentrations of elements in the aquatic environment are a key parameter for various scientific fields such as biogeochemistry, biology and environmental science. Within this context, the scientific community asks for new analytical protocols to be able to quantify more and more elements of the periodic table. Therefore, the requirements for aqueous reference materials have increased drastically. Even though a wide variety of CRMs of different water matrices are available, certified values of many elements (e.g., rare earth elements, technology-critical elements, such as Ga and In, and generally those elements which are not part of current monitoring regulations) do not yet exist. Therefore, the scientific community relies on published elemental concentrations of many CRMs provided by other researchers. Some elements of interest, such as the rare earth elements, are well studied and plenty of literature values exist. However, less studied elements, such as Ga and In, are rarely studied. In this study, an 'externally' calibrated quantification method based on an optimised online pre-concentration method, coupled with ICP-MS/MS, is used for the quantification of thirty-four elements. The method is applied to seventeen water CRMs covering freshwater, brackish water and seawater. The measured data is combined with a comprehensive literature review on non-certified values in selected water CRMs and new consensus values are suggested for various non-certified elements.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12422} (DOI). Ebeling, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.; Irrgeher, J.; Pröfrock, D.: Analysis of Seventeen Certified Water Reference Materials for Trace and Technology-Critical Elements. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research. 2022. vol. 46, no. 2, 351-378. DOI: 10.1111/ggr.12422}} @misc{logemann_assessing_the_2022, author={Logemann, A., Reininghaus, M., Schmidt, M., Ebeling, A., Zimmermann, T., Wolschke, H., Friedrich, J., Brockmeyer, B., Pröfrock, D., Witt, G.}, title={Assessing the chemical anthropocene – Development of the legacy pollution fingerprint in the North Sea during the last century}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119040}, abstract = {The North Sea and its coastal zones are heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities, which has resulted in significant chemical pollution ever since the beginning of the industrialization in Europe during the 19th century. In order to assess the chemical Anthropocene, natural archives, such as sediment cores, can serve as a valuable data source to reconstruct historical emission trends and to verify the effectiveness of changing environmental legislation. In this study, we investigated 90 contaminants covering inorganic and organic pollutant groups analyzed in a set of sediment cores taken in the North Seas' main sedimentation area (Skagerrak). We thereby develop a chemical pollution fingerprint that records the constant input of pollutants over time and illustrates their continued great relevance for the present. Additionally, samples were radiometrically dated and PAH and PCB levels in porewater were determined using equilibrium passive sampling. Furthermore, we elucidated the origin of lead (Pb) contamination utilizing non-traditional stable isotopic analysis. Our results reveal three main findings: 1. for all organic contaminant groups covered (PAHs, OCPs, PCBs, PBDEs and PFASs) as well as the elements lead (Pb) and titanium (Ti), determined concentrations decreased towards more recent deposited sediment. These decreasing trends could be linked to the time of introductions of restrictions and bans and therefor our results confirm, amongst possible other factors, the effectiveness of environmental legislation by revealing a successive change in contamination levels over the decades. 2. concentration trends for ΣPAH and ΣPCB measured in porewater correspond well with the ones found in sediment which suggests that this method can be a useful expansion to traditional bulk sediment analysis to determine the biologically available pollutant fraction. 3. Arsenic (As) concentrations were higher in younger sediment layers, potentially caused by emissions of corroded warfare material disposed in the study area after WW II.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119040} (DOI). Logemann, A.; Reininghaus, M.; Schmidt, M.; Ebeling, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Wolschke, H.; Friedrich, J.; Brockmeyer, B.; Pröfrock, D.; Witt, G.: Assessing the chemical anthropocene – Development of the legacy pollution fingerprint in the North Sea during the last century. Environmental Pollution. 2022. vol. 302, 119040. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119040}} @misc{matthias_from_emission_2022, author={Matthias, V.}, title={From emission to deposition - developments and improvements along the air quality modelling chain}, year={2022}, howpublished = {doctoral thesis: Universität Hamburg}, note = {Matthias, V.: From emission to deposition - developments and improvements along the air quality modelling chain. Universität Hamburg, 2022.}} @misc{quante_stdte_im_2022, author={Quante, M.}, title={Städte im Klimawandel - zwischen Klimaschutz und Anpassung}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Lüneburg (DEU);}, note = {Quante, M.: Städte im Klimawandel - zwischen Klimaschutz und Anpassung. Vortrag im Winterprogramm 2021/2022 des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für das Fürstentum Lüneburg von 1851 e.V.. Lüneburg (DEU), 2022.}} @misc{ma_seasonal_variation_2022, author={Ma, Y., Luo, Y., Zhu, J., Zhang, J., Gao, G., Mi, W., Xie, Z., Lohmann, R.}, title={Seasonal variation and deposition of atmospheric organophosphate esters in the coastal region of Shanghai, China}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118930}, abstract = {The coastal megacity Shanghai is located in the center of the Yangtze River Delta, a dominant flame retardants (FRs) production region in China, especially for organophosphate esters (OPEs). This prompted us to investigate occurrence and seasonal changes of atmospheric OPEs in Shanghai, as well as to evaluate their sources, environmental behavior and fate as a case study for global coastal regions. Atmospheric gas and particle phase OPEs were weekly collected at two coastal sites - the emerging town Lingang New Area (LGNA), and the chemical-industry zone Jinshan Area (JSA) from July 2016–June 2017. Total atmospheric concentrations of the observed OPEs were significantly higher in JSA (median of 1800 pg m−3) than LGNA (median of 580 pg m−3). Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the most abundant compound, and the proportion of three chlorinated OPEs were higher in the particle phase (55%) than in the gas phase (39%). The year-round median contribution of particle phase OPEs was 33%, which changed strongly with seasons, accounting for 10% in summer in contrast to 62% in winter. Gas and particle phase OPEs in JSA exhibited significant correlations with inverse of temperature, respectively, indicating the importance of local/secondary volatilization sources. The estimated fluxes of gaseous absorption were almost 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of particle phase deposition, which could act as sources of organic phosphorus to coastal and open ocean waters.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118930} (DOI). Ma, Y.; Luo, Y.; Zhu, J.; Zhang, J.; Gao, G.; Mi, W.; Xie, Z.; Lohmann, R.: Seasonal variation and deposition of atmospheric organophosphate esters in the coastal region of Shanghai, China. Environmental Pollution. 2022. vol. 300, 118930. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118930}} @misc{elgareb_investigation_of_2022, author={El Gareb, F., Hildebrandt, L., Kerstan, A., Zimmermann, T., Emeis, K., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Investigation of microplastics in the tropical Indian Ocean using Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) Chemical Imaging and microwave-assisted sample preparation}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference poster: Kopenhagen (DNK);}, note = {El Gareb, F.; Hildebrandt, L.; Kerstan, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Emeis, K.; Pröfrock, D.: Investigation of microplastics in the tropical Indian Ocean using Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) Chemical Imaging and microwave-assisted sample preparation. In: SETAC Europe 2022 - annual meeting Copenhagen. Kopenhagen (DNK). 2022.}} @misc{karl_description_and_2022, author={Karl, M., Pirjola, L., Grönholm, T., Kurppa, M., Anand, S., Zhang, X., Held, A., Sander, R., Dal Maso, M., Topping, D., Jiang, S., Kangas, L., Kukkonen, J.}, title={Description and evaluation of the community aerosol dynamics model MAFOR v2.0}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3969-2022}, abstract = {Numerical models are needed for evaluating aerosol processes in the atmosphere in state-of-the-art chemical transport models, urban-scale dispersion models, and climatic models. This article describes a publicly available aerosol dynamics model, MAFOR (Multicomponent Aerosol FORmation model; version 2.0); we address the main structure of the model, including the types of operation and the treatments of the aerosol processes. The model simultaneously solves the time evolution of both the particle number and the mass concentrations of aerosol components in each size section. In this way, the model can also allow for changes in the average density of particles. An evaluation of the model is also presented against a high-resolution observational dataset in a street canyon located in the centre of Helsinki (Finland) during afternoon traffic rush hour on 13 December 2010. The experimental data included measurements at different locations in the street canyon of ultrafine particles, black carbon, and fine particulate mass PM1. This evaluation has also included an intercomparison with the corresponding predictions of two other prominent aerosol dynamics models, AEROFOR and SALSA. All three models simulated the decrease in the measured total particle number concentrations fairly well with increasing distance from the vehicular emission source. The MAFOR model reproduced the evolution of the observed particle number size distributions more accurately than the other two models. The MAFOR model also predicted the variation of the concentration of PM1 better than the SALSA model. We also analysed the relative importance of various aerosol processes based on the predictions of the three models. As expected, atmospheric dilution dominated over other processes; dry deposition was the second most significant process. Numerical sensitivity tests with the MAFOR model revealed that the uncertainties associated with the properties of the condensing organic vapours affected only the size range of particles smaller than 10 nm in diameter. These uncertainties therefore do not significantly affect the predictions of the whole of the number size distribution and the total number concentration. The MAFOR model version 2 is well documented and versatile to use, providing a range of alternative parameterizations for various aerosol processes. The model includes an efficient numerical integration of particle number and mass concentrations, an operator splitting of processes, and the use of a fixed sectional method. The model could be used as a module in various atmospheric and climatic models.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3969-2022} (DOI). Karl, M.; Pirjola, L.; Grönholm, T.; Kurppa, M.; Anand, S.; Zhang, X.; Held, A.; Sander, R.; Dal Maso, M.; Topping, D.; Jiang, S.; Kangas, L.; Kukkonen, J.: Description and evaluation of the community aerosol dynamics model MAFOR v2.0. Geoscientific Model Development. 2022. vol. 15, no. 9, 3969-4026. DOI: 10.5194/gmd-15-3969-2022}} @misc{klein_technologiekritische_elemente_2022, author={Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Ebeling, A., Kruse, M., Kirchgeorg, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Technologie-kritische Elemente - Entwicklung und Anwendung einer ICP-MS/MS basierten Methode zur Messung ihrer zeitlichen Variationen in Nordsee Sedimenten}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Wiesbaden (DEU);}, note = {Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Ebeling, A.; Kruse, M.; Kirchgeorg, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Technologie-kritische Elemente - Entwicklung und Anwendung einer ICP-MS/MS basierten Methode zur Messung ihrer zeitlichen Variationen in Nordsee Sedimenten. Wasser 2022 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft. Wiesbaden (DEU), 2022.}} @misc{hildebrandt_mikroplastikpartikel_als_2022, author={Hildebrandt, L., Nack, F., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Mikroplastikpartikel als Sorbens für Metall- und Halbmetallionen}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Wiesbaden (DEU);}, note = {Hildebrandt, L.; Nack, F.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Mikroplastikpartikel als Sorbens für Metall- und Halbmetallionen. Wasser 2022 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft. Wiesbaden (DEU), 2022.}} @misc{hildebrandt_nano_microplastics_2022, author={Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Nack, F., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Nano-; microplastics and metals - how are they related?}, year={2022}, howpublished = {lecture: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena;}, note = {Hildebrandt, L.; El Gareb, F.; Nack, F.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Nano-; microplastics and metals - how are they related?. Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2022.}} @misc{zhang_atmospheric_deposition_2022, author={Zhang, L., Xu, W., Mi, W., Yan, W., Guo, T., Zhou, F., Miao, L., Xie, Z.}, title={Atmospheric deposition, seasonal variation, and long-range transport of organophosphate esters on Yongxing Island, South China Sea}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150673}, abstract = {The South China Sea (SCS), surrounded by developing countries/regions with a huge consumption of flame retardants, is generally contaminated by organophosphate esters (OPEs). However, studies on the occurrence, deposition and long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) process over the SCS of OPEs compounds are still limited. In this work, 10 OPEs were measured in 100 atmospheric samples collected from Yongxing Island (YXI) in the SCS. The total OPEs concentrations ranged from 1508 to 1968 pg/m3 with 28.6–1416.9 pg/m3 in gas and 95.2–1066.2 pg/m3 in particle partition. The three chlorinated OPEs are present at higher concentrations than the other seven non-chlorinated OPEs. Most OPEs had clear seasonal variations that followed the order: spring>summer≈winter>autumn except for tri-isobutyl phosphate (TIBP) and tris-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP). The particle-bound fraction of the total OPEs had little seasonal variations with a mean value of 0.35. Comparing J-P model and Koa model, it was found that the gas/particle partition in the study area was in non-equilibrium condition. LRAT, controlled by seasonal wind direction, was the predominated factor that led to the seasonal variations of OPEs on YXI. The average daily deposition flux of total OPEs was 13.0 ng/m2 with an annual total deposition of 15.06 g.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150673} (DOI). Zhang, L.; Xu, W.; Mi, W.; Yan, W.; Guo, T.; Zhou, F.; Miao, L.; Xie, Z.: Atmospheric deposition, seasonal variation, and long-range transport of organophosphate esters on Yongxing Island, South China Sea. Science of the Total Environment. 2022. vol. 806, 150673. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150673}} @misc{moldanov_framework_for_2022, author={Moldanová, J., Hassellöv, I.-M., Matthias, V., Fridell, E., Jalkanen, J.-P., Ytreberg, E., Quante, M., Tröltzsch, J., Maljutenko, I., Raudsepp, U., Eriksson, K.M.}, title={Framework for the environmental impact assessment of operational shipping}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01597-9}, abstract = {Shipping is an important source of pollution affecting both atmospheric and aquatic environments. To allow for efficient mitigation of environmental degradation, it is essential to know the extent of the impacts of shipping in relation to other sources of pollution. Here, we give a perspective on a holistic approach to studies of the environmental impacts of operational shipping through presentation of an assessment framework developed and applied on a case of shipping in the Baltic Sea. Through transfer of knowledge and concepts, previously used in assessments of air pollution, now applied to assessments of marine pollution and underwater noise, the horizon of understanding of shipping-related impacts is significantly improved. It identifies the main areas of environmental degradation caused by shipping and potential improvements through legislation and technological development. However, as the vast majority of contaminants discharged into the sea are not routinely monitored and assessed, the links between pressure of contaminants from shipping and environmental state and impacts will not be caught in the current environmental regulatory frameworks.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01597-9} (DOI). Moldanová, J.; Hassellöv, I.; Matthias, V.; Fridell, E.; Jalkanen, J.; Ytreberg, E.; Quante, M.; Tröltzsch, J.; Maljutenko, I.; Raudsepp, U.; Eriksson, K.: Framework for the environmental impact assessment of operational shipping. Ambio. 2022. vol. 51, no. 3, 754-769. DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01597-9}} @misc{klein_occurrence_and_2022, author={Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Ebeling, A., Kruse, M., Kirchgeorg, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Occurrence and Temporal Variation of Technology-Critical Elements in North Sea Sediments - A Determination of Preliminary Reference Values}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-022-00929-4}, abstract = {As interest in the investigation of possible sources and environmental sinks of technology-critical elements (TCEs) continues to grow, the demand for reliable background level information of these elements in environmental matrices increases. In this study, a time series of ten years of sediment samples from two different regions of the German North Sea were analyzed for their mass fractions of Ga, Ge, Nb, In, REEs, and Ta (grain size fraction < 20 µm). Possible regional differences were investigated in order to determine preliminary reference values for these regions. Throughout the investigated time period, only minor variations in the mass fractions were observed and both regions did not show significant differences. Calculated local enrichment factors ranging from 0.6 to 2.3 for all TCEs indicate no or little pollution in the investigated areas. Consequently, reference values were calculated using two different approaches (Median + 2 median absolute deviation (M2MAD) and Tukey inner fence (TIF)). Both approaches resulted in consistent threshold values for the respective regions ranging from 158 µg kg−1 for In to 114 mg kg−1 for Ce. As none of the threshold values exceed the observed natural variation of TCEs in marine and freshwater sediments, they may be considered baseline values of the German Bight for future studies.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-022-00929-4} (DOI). Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Ebeling, A.; Kruse, M.; Kirchgeorg, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Occurrence and Temporal Variation of Technology-Critical Elements in North Sea Sediments - A Determination of Preliminary Reference Values. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2022. vol. 82, no. 4, 481-492. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00929-4}} @misc{naumann_occurrence_and_2022, author={Naumann, T., Bento, C., Wittmann, A., Gandrass, J., Tang, J., Zhen, X., Liu, L., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of neonicotinoids and related insecticides in the Bohai Sea and its surrounding rivers, China}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117912}, abstract = {Systemic insecticides like neonicotinoids and the phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil are the most widely applied insecticides around the world. Multiple studies analyzed insecticide residues in freshwater systems, but data on seawater contamination levels are scarce. This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution and ecological risk assessment of fipronil, neonicotinoids, sulfoxaflor and selected transformation products (TPs) in the Chinese Bohai Sea and its surrounding rivers. Well-established neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) and TPs of fipronil and imidacloprid were frequently detected (detection frequency (DF): 42-100%) in freshwater. The median total insecticide concentration in freshwater was significantly higher in summer (72.4 ng•L-1) than in fall (23.4 ng•L-1), with major contributions from neonicotinoids, suggesting that pollution originates mostly from diffuse sources. In 2018, acetamiprid, desnitro-imidacloprid, fipronil-desulfinyl and thiacloprid were abundant in seawater (DF: 47-100%), indicating a high stability of acetamiprid and thiacloprid and a rapid photodegradation of fipronil and imidacloprid in surface waters. These results indicate that the continued use of these parent compounds may lead to their accumulation and/or of their TPs in shallow coastal seas. Consequently, this may lead to their transport to open seas, increasing their potential risk to marine organisms. Similarities between contaminant fingerprints in freshwater and seawater strongly suggest riverine discharges as main pollution source of adjacent coastal areas. This is the first study to perform an ecological risk assessment of fipronil, neonicotinoids, sulfoxaflor and selected TPs on marine ecosystems. Fipronil and its TPs demonstrated to be environmentally relevant with potential high risks for aquatic species. Our study provides novel insights into the fate and ecological risk of fipronil, neonicotinoids, sulfoxaflor and their TPs to marine species in shallow coastal seas.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117912} (DOI). Naumann, T.; Bento, C.; Wittmann, A.; Gandrass, J.; Tang, J.; Zhen, X.; Liu, L.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of neonicotinoids and related insecticides in the Bohai Sea and its surrounding rivers, China. Water Research. 2022. vol. 209, 117912. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117912}} @misc{xie_legacy_and_2022, author={Xie, Z., Zhang, P., Wu, Z., Zhang, S., Wei, L., Mi, L., Kuester, A., Gandrass, J., Ebinghaus, R., Yang, R., Wang, Z., Mi, W.}, title={Legacy and emerging organic contaminants in the polar regions}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155376}, abstract = {The presence of numerous emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) and remobilization of legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in polar regions have become significant concerns of the scientific communities, public groups and stakeholders. This work reviews the occurrences of EOCs and POPs and their long-range environmental transport (LRET) processes via atmosphere and ocean currents from continental sources to polar regions. Concentrations of classic POPs have been systematically monitored in air at several Arctic stations and showed seasonal variations and declining trends. These chemicals were also the major POPs reported in the Antarctica, while their concentrations were lower than those in the Arctic, illustrating the combination of remoteness and lack of potential local sources for the Antarctica. EOCs were investigated in air, water, snow, ice and organisms in the Arctic. Data in the Antarctica are rare. Reemission of legacy POPs and EOCs accumulated in glaciers, sea ice and snow may alter the concentrations and amplify their effects in polar regions. Thus, future research will need to understand the various biogeochemical and geophysical processes under climate change and anthropogenic pressures.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155376} (DOI). Xie, Z.; Zhang, P.; Wu, Z.; Zhang, S.; Wei, L.; Mi, L.; Kuester, A.; Gandrass, J.; Ebinghaus, R.; Yang, R.; Wang, Z.; Mi, W.: Legacy and emerging organic contaminants in the polar regions. Science of the Total Environment. 2022. vol. 835, 155376. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155376}} @misc{wippermann_analytik_von_2022, author={Wippermann, D., Ebeling, A., Przibilla, A., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Analytik von Meerwasserproben aus Offshore Windparks mittels ICP-MS unter Verwendung des Aufkonzentrierungssystems seaFAST®}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Leoben (AUT);}, note = {Wippermann, D.; Ebeling, A.; Przibilla, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Analytik von Meerwasserproben aus Offshore Windparks mittels ICP-MS unter Verwendung des Aufkonzentrierungssystems seaFAST®. 28. ICP-MS Anwender*innentreffen und 14. Symposium massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse. Leoben (AUT), 2022.}} @misc{prohaska_standard_atomic_2022, author={Prohaska, T., Irrgeher, J., Benefield, J., Böhlke, J., Chesson, L., Coplen, T., Ding, T., Dunn, P., Gröning, M., Holden, N., Meijer, H., Moossen, H., Possolo, A., Takahashi, Y., Vogl, J., Walczyk, T., Wang, J., Wieser, M., Yoneda, S., Zhu, X., Meija, J.}, title={Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0603}, abstract = {Y (yttrium), 2021: from 88.905 84 +/- 0.000 01 to 88.905 838 +/- 0.000 002}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0603} (DOI). Prohaska, T.; Irrgeher, J.; Benefield, J.; Böhlke, J.; Chesson, L.; Coplen, T.; Ding, T.; Dunn, P.; Gröning, M.; Holden, N.; Meijer, H.; Moossen, H.; Possolo, A.; Takahashi, Y.; Vogl, J.; Walczyk, T.; Wang, J.; Wieser, M.; Yoneda, S.; Zhu, X.; Meija, J.: Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022. vol. 94, no. 5, 573-600. DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-0603}} @misc{joerss_pfas_explorer_2022, author={Joerss, H., Lange, M., Takyar, H., Baldewein, L., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={PFAS explorer}, year={2022}, howpublished = {Other: online contribution}, abstract = {The PFAS Explorer has been developed in the context and is part of the Coastal Pollution Toolbox (URL: https://www.coastalpollutiontoolbox.org), a knowledge hub, digital working environment and tool set to study contaminant, nutrient and carbon dynamics in temperate and polar coastal zones.}, note = {Joerss, H.; Lange, M.; Takyar, H.; Baldewein, L.; Ebinghaus, R.: PFAS explorer. Coastal Pollution Toolbox. 2022.}} @misc{quante_climate_engineering_2022, author={Quante, M.}, title={Climate Engineering - Rettung oder Risiko}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Lüneburg (DEU);}, note = {Quante, M.: Climate Engineering - Rettung oder Risiko. Universitätsgesellschaftlicher Dienstag. Lüneburg (DEU), 2022.}} @misc{jesemann_using_neural_2022, author={Jesemann, A., Matthias, V., Böhner, J., Bechtel, B.}, title={Using Neural Network NO2-Predictions to Understand Air Quality Changes in Urban Areas—A Case Study in Hamburg}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111929}, abstract = {Due to the link between air pollutants and human health, reliable model estimates of hourly pollutant concentrations are of particular interest. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are powerful modeling tools capable of reproducing the observed variations in pollutants with high accuracy. We present a simple ANN for the city of Hamburg that estimated the hourly NO2 concentration. The model was trained with a ten-year dataset (2007–2016), tested for the year 2017, and then applied to assess the efficiency of countermeasures against air pollution implemented since 2018. Using both meteorological data and describing the weekday dependent traffic variabilities as predictors, the model performed accurately and showed high consistency over the test data. This proved to be very efficient in detecting anomalies in the time series. The further the prediction was from the time of the training data, the more the modeled data deviated from the measured data. Using the model, we could detect changes in the time series that did not follow previous trends in the training data. The largest deviation occurred during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020, when traffic volumes decreased significantly. Concluding our case study, the ANN based approach proved suitable for modeling the NO2 concentrations and allowed for the assessment of the efficiency of policy measures addressing air pollution.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111929} (DOI). Jesemann, A.; Matthias, V.; Böhner, J.; Bechtel, B.: Using Neural Network NO2-Predictions to Understand Air Quality Changes in Urban Areas—A Case Study in Hamburg. Atmosphere. 2022. vol. 13, no. 11, 1929. DOI: 10.3390/atmos13111929}} @misc{menger_the_complex_2022, author={Menger, F., Joerss, H.}, title={The complex PFAS world - Recent discoveries and novel HRMS-based screening tools}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference poster: Odense (DNK);}, note = {Menger, F.; Joerss, H.: The complex PFAS world - Recent discoveries and novel HRMS-based screening tools. In: NTS workshop on analytical techniques and implementation. Odense (DNK). 2022.}} @misc{vonderau_characteristic_regional_2022, author={von der Au, M., Zimmermann, T., Kleeberg, U., von Tümpling, W., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Characteristic regional differences in trace element pattern of 2014 German North Sea surface Wadden sediments – A judge and assessment}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114208}, abstract = {The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires good ecological status of the marine environment. This also includes the Wadden Sea located in the southeastern part of the North Sea and its chemical status of sediments. Based on results from campaigns conducted in the 1980s, 32 surface sediment samples were taken in 2014 to check whether the sampling strategy required for characterizing the trace element content in sediments is representative and to determine the degree of pollution and potential changes over the last decades. For this purpose the elemental mass fractions of 42 elements were assessed in the ≤20 μm grain size fraction of the surface sediments.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114208} (DOI). von der Au, M.; Zimmermann, T.; Kleeberg, U.; von Tümpling, W.; Pröfrock, D.: Characteristic regional differences in trace element pattern of 2014 German North Sea surface Wadden sediments – A judge and assessment. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2022. vol. 184, 114208. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114208}} @misc{zonderman_investigation_of_2022, author={Zonderman, A.}, title={Investigation of trace metal patterns in mussels (Mytilus edulis) from North Sea Offshore Wind Farms}, year={2022}, howpublished = {master thesis: Universität Hamburg}, note = {Zonderman, A.: Investigation of trace metal patterns in mussels (Mytilus edulis) from North Sea Offshore Wind Farms. Universität Hamburg, 2022.}} @misc{zonderman_turbinecolonizing_mussels_2022, author={Zonderman, A., Wippermann, D., Ebeling, A., Klein, O., Erbslöh, H., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Turbine-colonizing mussels (Mytilus edulis) as an indicator for environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the North Sea}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference poster: Berlin (DEU);}, note = {Zonderman, A.; Wippermann, D.; Ebeling, A.; Klein, O.; Erbslöh, H.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Turbine-colonizing mussels (Mytilus edulis) as an indicator for environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the North Sea. In: YOUMARES 13. Berlin (DEU). 2022.}} @misc{custdio_nearglobal_mapping_2022, author={Custódio, D., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Near-global mapping of TGM based on aircraft measurements from intercontinental flights}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119354}, abstract = {The improved data analysis tools as probability mass factorization methods provide additional insights into the nature of the mercury source that can then guide the development of more effective mercury-related management strategies.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119354} (DOI). Custódio, D.; Ebinghaus, R.: Near-global mapping of TGM based on aircraft measurements from intercontinental flights. Atmospheric Environment. 2022. vol. 291, 119354. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119354}} @misc{vandam_benthic_alkalinity_2022, author={Van Dam, B., Lehmann, N., Zeller, M., Neumann, A., Pröfrock, D., Lipka, M., Thomas, H., Böttcher, M.}, title={Benthic alkalinity fluxes from coastal sediments of the Baltic and North seas: comparing approaches and identifying knowledge gaps}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022}, abstract = {Benthic alkalinity production is often suggested as a major driver of net carbon sequestration in continental shelf ecosystems. However, information on and direct measurements of benthic alkalinity fluxes are limited and are especially challenging when biological and dynamic physical forcing causes surficial sediments to be vigorously irrigated. To address this shortcoming, we quantified net sediment–water exchange of alkalinity using a suite of complementary methods, including (1) 224Ra budgeting, (2) incubations with 224Ra and Br− as tracers, and (3) numerical modeling of porewater profiles. We choose a set of sites in the shallow southern North Sea and western Baltic Sea, allowing us to incorporate frequently occurring sediment classes ranging from coarse sands to muds and sediment–water interfaces ranging from biologically irrigated and advective to diffusive into the investigations. Sediment–water irrigation rates in the southern North Sea were approximately twice as high as previously estimated for the region, in part due to measured porewater 224Ra activities higher than previously assumed. Net alkalinity fluxes in the Baltic Sea were relatively low, ranging from an uptake of −35 to a release of 53 , and in the North Sea they were from 1 to 34 . Lower-than-expected apparent nitrate consumption (potential denitrification), across all sites, is one explanation for our small net alkalinity fluxes measured. Carbonate mineral dissolution and potentially precipitation, as well as sulfide re-oxidation, also appear to play important roles in shaping net sediment–water fluxes at locations in the North Sea and Baltic Sea.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022} (DOI). Van Dam, B.; Lehmann, N.; Zeller, M.; Neumann, A.; Pröfrock, D.; Lipka, M.; Thomas, H.; Böttcher, M.: Benthic alkalinity fluxes from coastal sediments of the Baltic and North seas: comparing approaches and identifying knowledge gaps. Biogeosciences. 2022. vol. 19, no. 16, 3775-3789. DOI: 10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022}} @misc{zimmermann_icpmsbasierte_elementanalytik_2022, author={Zimmermann, T., Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Mitrano, D., Pröfrock, D.}, title={ICP-MS-basierte Elementanalytik zur Entwicklung neuer Probenahmetechniken für die Mikroplastikanalytik}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Leoben (AUT);}, note = {Zimmermann, T.; Hildebrandt, L.; El Gareb, F.; Mitrano, D.; Pröfrock, D.: ICP-MS-basierte Elementanalytik zur Entwicklung neuer Probenahmetechniken für die Mikroplastikanalytik. 28. ICP-MS Anwender*innentreffen und 14. Symposium massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse. Leoben (AUT), 2022.}} @misc{prfrock_more_than_2022, author={Pröfrock, D., Przibilla, A., Klein, O., Hildebrandt, L., Ebeling, A., El Gareb, F., Zimmermann, T.}, title={More than trace elements – New Applications for ICP-MS to investigate the chemical anthropocene}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Leoben (AUT);}, note = {Pröfrock, D.; Przibilla, A.; Klein, O.; Hildebrandt, L.; Ebeling, A.; El Gareb, F.; Zimmermann, T.: More than trace elements – New Applications for ICP-MS to investigate the chemical anthropocene. 28. ICP-MS Anwender*innentreffen und 14. Symposium massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse. Leoben (AUT), 2022.}} @misc{feldner_analysis_of_2022, author={Feldner, J., Ramacher, M.O.P., Karl, M., Quante, M., Luttkus, M.L.}, title={Analysis of the effect of abiotic stressors on BVOC emissions from urban green infrastructure in northern Germany}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00038E}, abstract = {Many plants are well known to emit biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Under certain conditions BVOCs strongly enhance the photochemical formation of ozone (O3) and impact the levels of atmospheric photo-oxidants. Urban environments under the influence of climate change may face an increasing risk of elevated ozone formation potentials, because abiotic stressors such as heat and drought can stimulate BVOC emissions. However, it is largely uncertain how a combination of heat episodes and reduced soil water potentials affects air quality in cities. The effect of abiotic stress on BVOC emissions and urban O3 formation was assessed for the coastal metropolitan area of Hamburg in Germany during the vegetation period of 2018, characterized by remarkable drought and heat periods. BVOC emissions were modelled using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) version 3 that accounts for several abiotic stresses. Isoprene is the single VOC with the highest share (∼60%) in the BVOC emissions of the study area. Drought stress was identified as the most important abiotic stressor that modulates BVOC emissions in this area. Modelled biogenic emissions calculcated with MEGAN3 were included together with emissions of relevant anthropogenic sectors in simulations with the chemistry transport model EPISODE-CityChem to calculate ozone concentrations under a scenario of prolonged drought stress. As a major result we identified that isoprene concentrations in Hamburg were reduced by 65% (range 6% to 95%) under drought stress during the growing period compared to non-stress conditions. Reduction of isoprene concentrations due to drought stress spatially coincided with a reduction of ozone concentrations. To asses the importance of chemical reactions involved in the formation of ozone, concentrations of isoprene, methacryloyl peroxy nitrate (MPAN) and methacrolein (MACR) have been analysed. The drought stress effect on isoprene emissions led to reductions of MACR and MPAN by approximately 80% and 20%, respectively. Since a VOC limited regime is found presently for Hamburg, it is likely that further reductions in anthropogenic NOx emissions and/or increased BVOC emissions driven by extended green infrastructure and long-term temperature increases may lead to an enhanced photochemical production of ozone in Hamburg in the future.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00038E} (DOI). Feldner, J.; Ramacher, M.; Karl, M.; Quante, M.; Luttkus, M.: Analysis of the effect of abiotic stressors on BVOC emissions from urban green infrastructure in northern Germany. Environmental Science: Atmospheres. 2022. vol. 2, no. 5, 1132-1151. DOI: 10.1039/D2EA00038E}} @misc{wichert_data_analysis_2022, author={Wichert, V., Bouwer, L., Abraham, N., Brix, H., Callies, U., González Ávalos, E., Marien, L., Matthias, V., Michaelis, P., Rabe, D., Rechid, D., Ruhnke, R., Scharun, C., Valizadeh, M., Vlasenko, A., zu Castell, W.}, title={Data Analysis and Exploration with Computational Approaches}, year={2022}, howpublished = {book part}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99546-1_4}, abstract = {Artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) methods are increasingly applied in Earth system research, for improving data analysis, and model performance, and eventually system understanding. In the Digital Earth project, several ML approaches have been tested and applied, and are discussed in this chapter. These include data analysis using supervised learning and classification for detection of river levees and underwater ammunition; process estimation of methane emissions and for environmental health; point-to-space extrapolation of varying observed quantities; anomaly and event detection in spatial and temporal geoscientific datasets. We present the approaches and results, and finally, we provide some conclusions on the broad applications of these computational data exploration methods and approaches.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99546-1_4} (DOI). Wichert, V.; Bouwer, L.; Abraham, N.; Brix, H.; Callies, U.; González Ávalos, E.; Marien, L.; Matthias, V.; Michaelis, P.; Rabe, D.; Rechid, D.; Ruhnke, R.; Scharun, C.; Valizadeh, M.; Vlasenko, A.; zu Castell, W.: Data Analysis and Exploration with Computational Approaches. In: Bouwer, L.; Dransch, D.; Ruhnke, R.; Rechid, D.; Frickenhaus, S.; Greinert, J. (Ed.): Integrating Data Science and Earth Science : Challenges and Solutions. Cham: Springer. 2022. 29-53. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99546-1_4}} @misc{garnett_increasing_accumulation_2022, author={Garnett, J., Halsall, C., Winton, H., Joerss, H., Mulvaney, R., Ebinghaus, R., Frey, M., Jones, A., Lesson, A., Wynn, P.}, title={Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958–2017)}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02592}, abstract = {Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are synthetic chemicals with a variety of industrial and consumer applications that are now widely distributed in the global environment. Here, we report the measurement of six perfluorocarboxylates (PFCA, C4–C9) in a firn (granular compressed snow) core collected from a non-coastal, high-altitude site in Dronning Maud Land in Eastern Antarctica. Snow accumulation of the extracted core dated from 1958 to 2017, a period coinciding with the advent, use, and geographical shift in the global industrial production of poly/perfluoroalkylated substances, including PFAA. We observed increasing PFCA accumulation in snow over this time period, with chemical fluxes peaking in 2009–2013 for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA, C8) and nonanoate (PFNA, C9) with little evidence of a decline in these chemicals despite supposed recent global curtailments in their production. In contrast, the levels of perfluorobutanoate (PFBA, C4) increased markedly since 2000, with the highest fluxes in the uppermost snow layers. These findings are consistent with those previously made in the Arctic and can be attributed to chlorofluorocarbon replacements (e.g., hydrofluoroethers) as an inadvertent consequence of global regulation.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02592} (DOI). Garnett, J.; Halsall, C.; Winton, H.; Joerss, H.; Mulvaney, R.; Ebinghaus, R.; Frey, M.; Jones, A.; Lesson, A.; Wynn, P.: Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958–2017). Environmental Science and Technology. 2022. vol. 56, no. 16, 11246-11255. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02592}} @misc{badeke_effects_of_2022, author={Badeke, R., Matthias, V., Karl, M., Grawe, D.}, title={Effects of vertical ship exhaust plume distributions on urban pollutant concentration – a sensitivity study with MITRAS v2.0 and EPISODE-CityChem v1.4}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4077-2022}, abstract = {The modeling of ship emissions in port areas involves several uncertainties and approximations. In Eulerian grid models, the vertical distribution of emissions plays a decisive role for the ground-level pollutant concentration. In this study, model results of a microscale model, which takes thermal plume rise and turbulence into account, are derived for the parameterization of vertical ship exhaust plume distributions. This is done considering various meteorological and ship-technical conditions. The influence of three different approximated parameterizations (Gaussian distribution, single-cell emission and exponential Gaussian distribution) on the ground-level concentration are then evaluated in a city-scale model. Choosing a Gaussian distribution is particularly suitable for high wind speeds (>5 m s−1) and a stable atmosphere, while at low wind speeds or unstable atmospheric conditions the plume rise can be more closely approximated by an exponential Gaussian distribution. While Gaussian and exponential Gaussian distributions lead to ground-level concentration maxima close to the source, with single-cell emission assumptions the maxima ground-level concentration occurs at a distance of about 1500 m from the source. Particularly high-resolution city-scale studies should therefore consider ship emissions with a suitable Gaussian or exponential Gaussian distribution. From a distance of around 4 km, the selected initial distribution no longer shows significant differences for the pollutant concentration near the ground; therefore, model studies with lower resolution can reasonably approximate ship plumes with a single-cell emission.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4077-2022} (DOI). Badeke, R.; Matthias, V.; Karl, M.; Grawe, D.: Effects of vertical ship exhaust plume distributions on urban pollutant concentration – a sensitivity study with MITRAS v2.0 and EPISODE-CityChem v1.4. Geoscientific Model Development. 2022. vol. 15, no. 10, 4077-4103. DOI: 10.5194/gmd-15-4077-2022}} @misc{hildebrandt_spatial_distribution_2022, author={Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Kerstan, A., Emeis, K., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Spatial distribution of microplastics in the tropical Indian Ocean based on laser direct infrared imaging and microwave-assisted matrix digestion}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119547}, abstract = {The mean microplastic concentration of the analyzed samples was 50 ± 30 particles/fibers m−3 (1 SD, n = 21). Number concentrations ranged from 8 to 132 particles/fibers m−3 (20–300 μm). The most abundant polymer clusters were acrylates/polyurethane/varnish (49%), polyethylene terephthalate (26%), polypropylene (8%), polyethylene (4%) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (4%). 96% of the microplastic particles had a diameter <100 μm. Though inter-study comparison is difficult, the investigated area exhibits a high contamination with particulate plastics compared to other open ocean regions. A distinct spatial trend was observed with an increasing share of the size class 20–50 μm from east to west.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119547} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; El Gareb, F.; Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.; Kerstan, A.; Emeis, K.; Pröfrock, D.: Spatial distribution of microplastics in the tropical Indian Ocean based on laser direct infrared imaging and microwave-assisted matrix digestion. Environmental Pollution. 2022. vol. 307, 119547. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119547}} @misc{klein_erschlieung_der_2022, author={Klein, O., Stefan Kremmler, T., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Erschließung der „urbanen Miene“ – Entwicklung einer Aufschlussmethode für Leiterplatinen zur Bestimmung der Metallgehälter mittels ICP-MS/MS}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Leoben (AUT);}, note = {Klein, O.; Stefan Kremmler, T.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Erschließung der „urbanen Miene“ – Entwicklung einer Aufschlussmethode für Leiterplatinen zur Bestimmung der Metallgehälter mittels ICP-MS/MS. ICP-MS Anwender*innen Treffen. Leoben (AUT), 2022.}} @misc{custdio_worldwide_evaluation_2022, author={Custódio, D., Borrego, C., Relvas, H.}, title={Worldwide Evaluation of CAMS-EGG4 CO2 Data Re-Analysis at the Surface Level}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060331}, abstract = {This study systematically examines the global uncertainties and biases in the carbon dioxide (CO2) mixing ratio provided by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). The global greenhouse gas re-analysis (EGG4) data product from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) was evaluated against ground-based in situ measurements from more than 160 of stations across the world. The evaluation shows that CO2 re-analysis can capture the general features in the tracer distributions, including the CO2 seasonal cycle and its strength at different latitudes, as well as the global CO2 trend. The emissions and natural fluxes of CO2 at the surface are evaluated on a wide range of scales, from diurnal to interannual. The results highlight re-analysis compliance, reproducing biogenic fluxes as well the observed CO2 patterns in remote environments. CAMS consistently reproduces observations at marine and remote regions with low CO2 fluxes and smooth variability. However, the model’s weaknesses were observed in continental areas, regions with complex sources, transport circulations and large CO2 fluxes. A strong variation in the accuracy and bias are displayed among those stations with different flux profiles, with the largest uncertainties in the continental regions with high CO2 anthropogenic fluxes. Displaying biased estimation and root-mean-square error (RMSE) ranging from values below one ppmv up to 70 ppmv, the results reveal a poor response from re-analysis to high CO2 mixing ratio, showing larger uncertainty of the product in the boundaries where the CAMS system misses solving sharp flux variability. The mismatch at regions with high fluxes of anthropogenic emission indicate large uncertainties in inventories and constrained physical parameterizations in the CO2 at boundary conditions. The current study provides a broad uncertainty assessment for the CAMS CO2 product worldwide, suggesting deficiencies and methods that can be used in the future to overcome failures and uncertainties in regional CO2 mixing ratio and flux estimates.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060331} (DOI). Custódio, D.; Borrego, C.; Relvas, H.: Worldwide Evaluation of CAMS-EGG4 CO2 Data Re-Analysis at the Surface Level. Toxics. 2022. vol. 10, no. 6, 331. DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060331}} @misc{prfrock_icpmsms_and_2022, author={Pröfrock, D., Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Nack, F., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O.}, title={ICP-MS/MS and LDIR as complementary technique in small micro- and nanoplastic Research - From method optimization to the study of environmentally relevant polymers as vector for trace metals}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): München (DEU);}, note = {Pröfrock, D.; Hildebrandt, L.; El Gareb, F.; Nack, F.; Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.: ICP-MS/MS and LDIR as complementary technique in small micro- and nanoplastic Research - From method optimization to the study of environmentally relevant polymers as vector for trace metals. Analytic Conference. München (DEU), 2022.}} @misc{marshall_the_angola_2022, author={Marshall, T., Granger, J., Casciotti, K., Dähnke, K., Emeis, K., Marconi, D., McIlvin, M., Noble, A., Saito, M., Sigman, D., Fawcett, S.}, title={The Angola Gyre is a hotspot of dinitrogen fixation in the South Atlantic Ocean}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00474-x}, abstract = {Biological dinitrogen fixation is the major source of new nitrogen to marine systems and thus essential to the ocean’s biological pump. Constraining the distribution and global rate of dinitrogen fixation has proven challenging owing largely to uncertainty surrounding the controls thereon. Existing South Atlantic dinitrogen fixation rate estimates vary five-fold, with models attributing most dinitrogen fixation to the western basin. From hydrographic properties and nitrate isotope ratios, we show that the Angola Gyre in the eastern tropical South Atlantic supports the fixation of 1.4–5.4 Tg N.a−1, 28-108% of the existing (highly uncertain) estimates for the basin. Our observations contradict model diagnoses, revealing a substantial input of newly-fixed nitrogen to the tropical eastern basin and no dinitrogen fixation west of 7.5˚W. We propose that dinitrogen fixation in the South Atlantic occurs in hotspots controlled by the overlapping biogeography of excess phosphorus relative to nitrogen and bioavailable iron from margin sediments. Similar conditions may promote dinitrogen fixation in analogous ocean regions. Our analysis suggests that local iron availability causes the phosphorus-driven coupling of oceanic dinitrogen fixation to nitrogen loss to vary on a regional basis.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00474-x} (DOI). Marshall, T.; Granger, J.; Casciotti, K.; Dähnke, K.; Emeis, K.; Marconi, D.; McIlvin, M.; Noble, A.; Saito, M.; Sigman, D.; Fawcett, S.: The Angola Gyre is a hotspot of dinitrogen fixation in the South Atlantic Ocean. Communications Earth & Environment. 2022. vol. 3, 151. DOI: 10.1038/s43247-022-00474-x}} @misc{schwarzkopf_comparison_of_2022, author={Schwarzkopf, D., Petrik, R., Matthias, V., Quante, M., Yu, G., Zhang, Y.}, title={Comparison of the Impact of Ship Emissions in Northern Europe and Eastern China}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060894}, abstract = {It is well known that ship emissions contribute significantly to atmospheric pollution. However, the impact on air quality can regionally vary, as influenced by parameters such as the composition of the regional shipping fleet, state of background atmospheric pollution, and meteorological aspects. This study compared two regions with high shipping densities in 2015. These include the North and Baltic Seas in Europe and the Yellow and East China Seas in China. Here, a key focal point is an evaluation of differences and similarities of the impacts of ship emissions under different environmental conditions, particularly between regions with medium (Europe) and high air pollution (China). To assess this, two similarly performed chemical transport model runs were carried out with highly resolved bottom-up ship emission inventories for northern Europe and China, calculated with the recently developed MoSES model, publicly available emissions data for nonshipping sources (EDGAR, MEIC). The performance of the model was evaluated against measurement data recorded at coastal stations. Annual averages at affected coastal regions for NO2, SO2, O3 and PM2.5 were modeled in Europe to be 3, below 0.3, 2.5, 1 and in China 3, 2, 2–8, 1.5, respectively, all given in μg/m3. In highly affected regions, such as large harbors, the contributions of ship-related emissions modeled in Europe were 15%, 0.3%, −12.5%, 1.25% and in China were 15%, 6%, −7.5%, 2%, respectively. Absolute pollutant concentrations from ships were modeled slightly higher in China than in Europe, albeit the relative impact was smaller in China due to higher emissions from other sectors. The different climate zones of China and the higher level of atmospheric pollution were found to seasonally alter the chemical transformation processes of ship emissions. Especially in northern China, high PM concentrations during winter were found to regionally inhibit the transformation of ship exhausts to secondary PM, and reduce the impact of ship-related aerosols, compared to Europe.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060894} (DOI). Schwarzkopf, D.; Petrik, R.; Matthias, V.; Quante, M.; Yu, G.; Zhang, Y.: Comparison of the Impact of Ship Emissions in Northern Europe and Eastern China. Atmosphere. 2022. vol. 13, no. 6, 894. DOI: 10.3390/atmos13060894}} @misc{arndt_lockdown_wetter_2022, author={Arndt, J.}, title={Lockdown; Wetter; Chemie der Atmosphäre}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Hamburg (DEU);}, note = {Arndt, J.: Lockdown; Wetter; Chemie der Atmosphäre. Teachers Science Club. Hamburg (DEU), 2022.}} @misc{klein_technologycritical_elements_2022, author={Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Hildebrandt, L., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Technology-critical elements in Rhine sediments - A case study on occurrence and spatial distribution}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158464}, abstract = {Obtained mass fractions in conjunction with corresponding geoaccumulation indices (Igeo) provide first indications of a possible enrichment along the Rhine for the TCEs of interest (Ga, Ge, Nb, In, Te, rare earth elements, and Ta). Especially the mass fractions of Zn, Ge, In, La, Sm, and Gd exhibit significant anthropogenic inputs. For stations characterized by high Ge and In mass fractions, element fingerprints imply possible atmospheric deposition stemming from e.g. combustion processes. Distinct anomalies of La and Sm most likely originate from discharges located at the city of Worms into the Upper Rhine. Statistical analysis of all analyzed 55 elemental mass fractions revealed similar behavior of TCEs compared to classical heavy metals. Diffuse as well as point sources of TCEs are likely. As a result, this study provides further insight into the role of TCEs as potential emerging contaminants in the environment.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158464} (DOI). Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Hildebrandt, L.; Pröfrock, D.: Technology-critical elements in Rhine sediments - A case study on occurrence and spatial distribution. Science of the Total Environment. 2022. vol. 852, 158464. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158464}} @misc{ebinghaus_from_the_2022, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={From the coastal margins to the Arctic ocean – PFAS in the marine environment}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Virtual;}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: From the coastal margins to the Arctic ocean – PFAS in the marine environment. International Forum on Marine Environment and Ecosystem. Virtual, 2022.}} @misc{przibilla_aufbereitung_von_2022, author={Przibilla, A., Iwainski, S., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Aufbereitung von Meerwasserproben für die Messung der Metallgehalte mittels seaFAST-ICP-MS: Einfluss von Filtrationsmethode und Lagerung auf die Ergebnisse}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Leoben (AUT);}, note = {Przibilla, A.; Iwainski, S.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Aufbereitung von Meerwasserproben für die Messung der Metallgehalte mittels seaFAST-ICP-MS: Einfluss von Filtrationsmethode und Lagerung auf die Ergebnisse. ICP-MS Anwender*innen Treffen. Leoben (AUT), 2022.}} @misc{harms_sediment_trapderived_2021, author={Harms, N., Lahajnar, N., Gaye, B., Rixen, T., Schwarz-Schampera, U., Emeis, K.}, title={Sediment trap-derived particulate matter fluxes in the oligotrophic subtropical gyre of the South Indian Ocean}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2020.104924}, abstract = {Oligotrophic areas cover about 75% of the ocean's surface, and these ocean regions are predicted to expand under global warming scenarios. To evaluate impacts on global marine biogeochemical cycles and changes in ocean-atmosphere carbon fluxes, it is essential to understand particulate matter fluxes and determine the amount of organic carbon that is exported to the ocean's interior. The oligotrophic Indian Ocean subtropical gyre (IOSG) is one of the least explored ocean regions in terms of particulate matter fluxes. Sediment trap-based particulate matter fluxes determined during a 4-year time series provide new information on the nature of export fluxes, their controlling factors, and on the spatial and temporal variability of oceanic processes in the IOSG. Trap-averaged total mass fluxes (~9.8 ± 3.7 mg m−2 day−1), as well as particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes (0.50 ± 0.15 mg m−2 day−1) measured at 500–600 m above bottom (2600–3500 m water depth) are among the lowest fluxes recorded worldwide. These low flux values are a result of strongly stratified and nutrient-depleted upper waters in the gyre. Such oligotrophic conditions lead to low primary production rates in a relatively homogeneous and isolated ocean region. Consequently, we observe an almost constant rain of POC fluxes in space and time, although minor variations in the net primary production (NPP) and in the sea surface temperature (SST) are seen in satellite surveys and model estimations. Factors contributing to the lack of seasonality in the POC fluxes are intense organic matter degradation, variations in the ocean mixed layer depth (OMLD), and impacts of physical mixing (surface wind stress, cyclonic eddies). Preliminary estimates indicate that the average POC export efficiency (ε = 0.03 ± 0.01) is extremely low in the IOSG. Assuming that the IOSG, as well as comparable ocean regions, will expand under climate warming conditions, it is of major importance to investigate POC export fluxes to the deep ocean in order to predict changes in the global carbon cycle during the next decades.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2020.104924} (DOI). Harms, N.; Lahajnar, N.; Gaye, B.; Rixen, T.; Schwarz-Schampera, U.; Emeis, K.: Sediment trap-derived particulate matter fluxes in the oligotrophic subtropical gyre of the South Indian Ocean. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 2021. vol. 183, 104924. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2020.104924}} @misc{garnett_investigating_the_2021, author={Garnett, J., Halsall, C., Thomas, M., Crabeck, O., France, J., Joerss, H., Ebinghaus, R., Kaiser, J., Leeson, A., Wynn, P.}, title={Investigating the Uptake and Fate of Poly- and Perfluoroalkylated Substances (PFAS) in Sea Ice Using an Experimental Sea Ice Chamber}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01645}, abstract = {Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are contaminants of emerging Arctic concern and are present in the marine environments of the polar regions. Their input to and fate within the marine cryosphere are poorly understood. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments to investigate the uptake, distribution, and release of 10 PFAS of varying carbon chain length (C4–C12) in young sea ice grown from artificial seawater (NaClsolution). We show that PFAS are incorporated into bulk sea ice during ice formation and regression analyses for individual PFAS concentrations in bulk sea ice were linearly related to salinity (r2 = 0.30 to 0.88, n = 18, p < 0.05). This shows that their distribution is strongly governed by the presence and dynamics of brine (high salinity water) within the sea ice. Furthermore, long-chain PFAS (C8–C12), were enriched in bulk ice up to 3-fold more than short-chain PFAS (C4–C7) and NaCl. This suggests that chemical partitioning of PFAS between the different phases of sea ice also plays a role in their uptake during its formation. During sea ice melt, initial meltwater fractions were highly saline and predominantly contained short-chain PFAS, whereas the later, fresher meltwater fractions predominantly contained long-chain PFAS. Our results demonstrate that in highly saline parts of sea ice (near the upper and lower interfaces and in brine channels) significant chemical enrichment (ε) of PFAS can occur with concentrations in brine channels greatly exceeding those in seawater from which it forms (e.g., for PFOA, εbrine = 10 ± 4). This observation has implications for biological exposure to PFAS present in brine channels, a common feature of first-year sea ice which is the dominant ice type in a warming Arctic.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01645} (DOI). Garnett, J.; Halsall, C.; Thomas, M.; Crabeck, O.; France, J.; Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kaiser, J.; Leeson, A.; Wynn, P.: Investigating the Uptake and Fate of Poly- and Perfluoroalkylated Substances (PFAS) in Sea Ice Using an Experimental Sea Ice Chamber. Environmental Science and Technology. 2021. vol. 55, no. 14, 9601-9608. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01645}} @misc{joerss_suspect_screening_2021, author={Joerss, H., Menger, F., Tang, J., Ebinghaus, R., Ahrens, L.}, title={Suspect screening of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in German and Chinese river water affected by point sources}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual;}, note = {Joerss, H.; Menger, F.; Tang, J.; Ebinghaus, R.; Ahrens, L.: Suspect screening of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in German and Chinese river water affected by point sources. SETAC Europe 31st Annual Meeting. Virtual, 2021.}} @misc{fink_the_contribution_2021, author={Fink, L., Matthias, V., Karl, M., Petrik, R., Majamäki, E., Jalkanen, J., Oppo, S., Kranenburg, R.}, title={The contribution of shipping to air pollution in the Mediterranean region – a model evaluation study}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual;}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8344}, abstract = {In the framework of the EU H2020 project SCIPPER, ship emission model STEAM and the regional scale models CMAQ and CHIMERE model were applied on a modelling domain covering the Mediterranean Sea. Modeling results were compared to air quality observations at coastal locations. The impact of shipping in the Mediterranean Sea was extracted from the model excluding shipping emissions.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8344} (DOI). Fink, L.; Matthias, V.; Karl, M.; Petrik, R.; Majamäki, E.; Jalkanen, J.; Oppo, S.; Kranenburg, R.: The contribution of shipping to air pollution in the Mediterranean region – a model evaluation study. EGU General Assembly 2021. Virtual, 2021. DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8344}} @misc{elgareb_optimization_of_2021, author={El Gareb, F.}, title={Optimization of a microplastic sample preparation protocol for Laser Direct Infrared Imaging (LDIR) measurements to analyze microplastic occurence and distribution along a transect in the Indian Ocean}, year={2021}, howpublished = {master thesis: Universität Hamburg}, note = {El Gareb, F.: Optimization of a microplastic sample preparation protocol for Laser Direct Infrared Imaging (LDIR) measurements to analyze microplastic occurence and distribution along a transect in the Indian Ocean. Universität Hamburg, 2021.}} @misc{vetere_qualitative_and_2021, author={Vetere, A., Pröfrock, D., Schrader, W.}, title={Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Sulfur-Containing Compound Types in Heavy Crude Oil and Its Fractions}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00491}, abstract = {Detailed molecular analysis of complex mixtures such as crude oil and its fractions has been successfully covered by a number of groups during the past two decades. On the other side, the most glaring need is some type of method that allows quantitative analysis of a single class, compound species, or even individual compounds. Here, the problem is being complicated by the complexity of the sample and the need for individual response factors necessary for the analysis of single compounds in almost all analytical methods. This can be circumvented by using a method with uniform response like inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Sulfur is one of the most important heteroelements present in crude oil and its products due to stringent regulations. Quantification of sulfur by means of mass spectrometry has always been a challenging task. Here, we present the combination of a sulfur-selective chromatographic separation of crude oil and its fractions on a Pd-coated stationary phase with two-dimensional detection. Qualitative analysis by ultrahigh-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry allows a detailed understanding of individual compositions after chromatographic separation, while the quantitative data from inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry details the quantities of each part of the chromatogram. The combination of the results from both methods allows assigning three different types of sulfur species and their quantitative determination in extremely complex heavy crude oil fractions.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00491} (DOI). Vetere, A.; Pröfrock, D.; Schrader, W.: Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Sulfur-Containing Compound Types in Heavy Crude Oil and Its Fractions. Energy & Fuels. 2021. vol. 35, no. 10, 8723-8732. DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00491}} @misc{hildebrandt_nano_microplastics_2021, author={Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., Nack, F., El Gareb, F., Mitrano, D., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Nano-; microplastics and metals - how are they related?}, year={2021}, howpublished = {lecture: Montanuniversität Leoben;}, note = {Hildebrandt, L.; Zimmermann, T.; Nack, F.; El Gareb, F.; Mitrano, D.; Pröfrock, D.: Nano-; microplastics and metals - how are they related?. Montanuniversität Leoben, 2021.}} @misc{ludwig_bestimmung_von_2021, author={Ludwig, J.}, title={Bestimmung von Element- und Isotopenmustern in Sedimentproben aus verschiedenen Offshore Windparks der deutschen Nordsee zur Untersuchung möglicher stofflicher Freisetzungen aus Korrosionsschutzsystemen}, year={2021}, howpublished = {bachelor thesis: Hochschule Mannheim}, note = {Ludwig, J.: Bestimmung von Element- und Isotopenmustern in Sedimentproben aus verschiedenen Offshore Windparks der deutschen Nordsee zur Untersuchung möglicher stofflicher Freisetzungen aus Korrosionsschutzsystemen. Hochschule Mannheim, 2021.}} @misc{ebeling_corrosion_protection_2021, author={Ebeling, A., Voigt, N., Obergfäll, D., Zimmermann, T., Erbsloeh, H., Kirchgeorg, T., Weinberg, I., Irrgeher, J., Proefrock, D.}, title={Corrosion protection of offshore wind farms: An emerging contamination source for the marine environment?}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual;}, note = {Ebeling, A.; Voigt, N.; Obergfäll, D.; Zimmermann, T.; Erbsloeh, H.; Kirchgeorg, T.; Weinberg, I.; Irrgeher, J.; Proefrock, D.: Corrosion protection of offshore wind farms: An emerging contamination source for the marine environment?. The 52nd International Liège colloquium on ocean dynamics. Virtual, 2021.}} @misc{hildebrandt_nano_und_2021, author={Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Nano- und Mikroplastik-Analytik mittels ICP-MS/MS und LDIR Imaging - Zwei Anwendungsbeispiele}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual;}, note = {Hildebrandt, L.; El Gareb, F.; Pröfrock, D.: Nano- und Mikroplastik-Analytik mittels ICP-MS/MS und LDIR Imaging - Zwei Anwendungsbeispiele. Agilent Analytik-Forum 2021. Virtual, 2021.}} @misc{neumann_macrofauna_as_2021, author={Neumann, A., Beusekom, J., Eisele, A., Emeis, K., Friedrich, J., Kröncke, I., Logemann, E., Meyer, J., Naderipour, C., Schückel, U., Wrede, A., Zettler, M.}, title={Macrofauna as a major driver of bentho-pelagic exchange in the southern North Sea}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11748}, abstract = {The contribution of sediments to nutrient cycling of the coastal North Sea is strongly controlled by the intensity of fluxes across the sediment water interface. Pore‐water advection is one major exchange mechanism that is well described by models, as it is determined by physical parameters. In contrast, biotransport (i.e., bioirrigation, bioturbation) as the other major transport mechanism is much more complex. Observational data reflecting biotransport, from the German Bight for example, is scarce. We sampled the major sediment provinces of the German Bight repeatedly over the years from 2013 to 2019. By employing ex situ whole core incubations, we established the seasonal and spatial variability of macrofauna‐sustained benthic fluxes of oxygen and nutrients. A multivariate, partial least squares analysis identified faunal activity, in specifically bioturbation and bioirrigation, alongside temperature, as the most important drivers of oxygen and nutrient fluxes. Their combined effect explained 63% of the observed variability in oxygen fluxes, and 36–48% of variability in nutrient fluxes. Additional 10% of the observed variability of fluxes were explained by sediment type and the availability of plankton biomass. Based on our extrapolation by sediment provinces, we conclude that pore‐water advection and macrofaunal activity contributed equally to the total benthic oxygen uptake in the German Bight.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11748} (DOI). Neumann, A.; Beusekom, J.; Eisele, A.; Emeis, K.; Friedrich, J.; Kröncke, I.; Logemann, E.; Meyer, J.; Naderipour, C.; Schückel, U.; Wrede, A.; Zettler, M.: Macrofauna as a major driver of bentho-pelagic exchange in the southern North Sea. Limnology and Oceanography. 2021. vol. 66, no. 6, 2203-2217. DOI: 10.1002/lno.11748}} @misc{trger_whats_in_2021, author={Tröger, R., Ren, H., Yin, D., Postigo, C., Nguyen, P., Baduel, C., Golovko, O., Been, F., Joerss, H., Boleda, M., Polesello, S., Roncoroni, M., Taniyasu, S., Menger, F., Ahrens, L., Lai, F., Wiberg, K.}, title={What's in the water? – Target and suspect screening of contaminants of emerging concern in raw water and drinking water from Europe and Asia}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117099}, abstract = {There is growing worry that drinking water can be affected by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), potentially threatening human health. In this study, a wide range of CECs (n = 177), including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and other compounds, were analysed in raw water and in drinking water collected from drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in Europe and Asia (n = 13). The impact of human activities was reflected in large numbers of compounds detected (n = 115) and high variation in concentrations in the raw water (range 15-7995 ng L−1 for ∑177CECs). The variation was less pronounced in drinking water, with total concentration ranging from 35 to 919 ng L−1. Treatment efficiency was on average 65 ± 28%, with wide variation between different DWTPs. The DWTP with the highest ∑CEC concentrations in raw water had the most efficient treatment procedure (average treatment efficiency 89%), whereas the DWTP with the lowest ∑177CEC concentration in the raw water had the lowest average treatment efficiency (2.3%). Suspect screening was performed for 500 compounds ranked high as chemicals of concern for drinking water, using a prioritisation tool (SusTool). Overall, 208 features of interest were discovered and three were confirmed with reference standards. There was co-variation between removal efficiency in DWTPs for the target compounds and the suspected features detected using suspect screening, implying that removal of known contaminants can be used to predict overall removal of potential CECs for drinking water production. Our results can be of high value for DWTPs around the globe in their planning for future treatment strategies to meet the increasing concern about human exposure to unknown CECs present in their drinking water.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117099} (DOI). Tröger, R.; Ren, H.; Yin, D.; Postigo, C.; Nguyen, P.; Baduel, C.; Golovko, O.; Been, F.; Joerss, H.; Boleda, M.; Polesello, S.; Roncoroni, M.; Taniyasu, S.; Menger, F.; Ahrens, L.; Lai, F.; Wiberg, K.: What's in the water? – Target and suspect screening of contaminants of emerging concern in raw water and drinking water from Europe and Asia. Water Research. 2021. vol. 198, 117099. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117099}} @misc{hildebrandt_development_and_2021, author={Hildebrandt, L.}, title={Development and application of analytical methods to sample; isolate and characterize nano- and microplastics in aquatic environments and associated trace metals}, year={2021}, howpublished = {doctoral thesis: Universität Hamburg}, note = {Hildebrandt, L.: Development and application of analytical methods to sample; isolate and characterize nano- and microplastics in aquatic environments and associated trace metals. Universität Hamburg, 2021.}} @misc{vonstorch_chinese_lockdown_2021, author={von Storch, H., Geyer, B., Li, Y., Matthias, V., Rockel, B.}, title={Chinese lockdown as aerosol reduction experiment}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.03.003}, abstract = {The lockdown of large parts of Chinese economy beginning in late January 2020 lead to significant regional changes of aerosol loads, which suggests a reduction of backscatter and consequently a regional warming in the following months. Using local data and a numerical experiment with a limited area model, we have examined how strong this response may have been. The observed (local and reanalysis) observations point to a warming of less than 1.0 K, the simulations to a warming of the order of 0.5 K. These numbers are uncertain, because of large-scale natural variability and an ad-hoc choice of aerosol optical depth anomaly in the simulation. Thus, the result was, in short, that there was actually a weak warming of a few tenth of degrees, while noteworthy changes in circulation or in precipitation were not detected. More specifically, we found that at selected central China stations temperatures were found to be higher than in previous two years. This warming goes with a marked diurnal signal, with a maximum warming in the early afternoon (06 UTC), weakest at night (18 UTC). This may be related to a general warming of large swaths of Asia (including Siberia, which is not related to local aerosol forcing). Indeed, also the stations outside the immediate strong lockdown region are showing warming, albeit a weaker one. Thus, the difference 2020 minus 2019/2018 may overestimate the effect. The ad-hoc series of numerical experiments indicates that the simulated changes are robust and suffer little from internal dynamical variability. In particular, the overall reduction of the aerosol optical depth does not lead to phases of larger intermittent divergence among the model simulations, irrespective of the aerosol load. Instead, the simulations with reduced anthropogenic aerosol load show more a mere locally increased temperature. This may indicate that the aerosol effect is mostly thermodynamic in all local air columns in the region.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.03.003} (DOI). von Storch, H.; Geyer, B.; Li, Y.; Matthias, V.; Rockel, B.: Chinese lockdown as aerosol reduction experiment. Advances in Climate Change Research. 2021. vol. 12, no. 5, 677-685. DOI: 10.1016/j.accre.2021.03.003}} @misc{badeke_parameterizing_the_2021, author={Badeke, R., Matthias, V., Grawe, D.}, title={Parameterizing the vertical downward dispersion of ship exhaust gas in the near field}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5935-2021}, abstract = {Estimating the impact of ship emissions on local air quality is a topic of high relevance, especially in large harbor cities. For chemistry-transport modeling studies, the initial plume rise and dispersion play a crucial role for the distribution of pollutants into vertical model layers. This study aims at parameterizing the vertical downward dispersion in the near field of a prototype cruise ship, depending on several meteorological and technical input parameters. By using the microscale chemistry, transport and stream model (MITRAS), a parameterization scheme was developed to calculate the downward dispersion, i.e., the fraction of emissions, which will be dispersed below stack height. This represents the local concentration in the vicinity of the ship. Cases with and without considering the obstacle effect of the ship have been compared. Wind speed and ship size were found to be the strongest factors influencing the downward dispersion, which can reach values up to 55 % at high wind speed and lateral wind. This compares to 31 % in the case where the obstacle effect was not considered and shows the importance of obstacle effects when assessing the ground-level pollution situation in ports.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5935-2021} (DOI). Badeke, R.; Matthias, V.; Grawe, D.: Parameterizing the vertical downward dispersion of ship exhaust gas in the near field. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2021. vol. 21, no. 8, 5935-5951. DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-5935-2021}} @misc{clases_quantitative_speciation_2021, author={Clases, D., Ueland, M., Gonzalez de Vega, R., Doble, P., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Quantitative speciation of volatile sulphur compounds from human cadavers by GC-ICP-MS}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121424}, abstract = {This work demonstrates the first forensic application of GC-ICP-MS for improved investigations of volatile organic compounds originating from a decomposing body. Volatile organic compounds were extracted from the headspace of human remains using sorbent tubes over a total time of 39 days. To account for naturally abundant species, control sites were prepared and sampled accordingly. All samples were spiked with an internal standard to minimise drift effects and errors during sample preparation and further analysis. Compound independent quantification was possible from a single chromatogram with a standard mix containing volatile pesticide compounds representing different mass fractions of target elements for calibration. Phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine were investigated as biologically relevant elements, which potentially form detectable volatile species during decomposition. The limits of detection of these elements in the headspace were 0.7, 5.4 and 1.6 ng/L, respectively. For sulphur, we identified abundant species which increased in concentrations of up to 1310 ng/L in the headspace above the remains. The concentrations were time dependent and show potential as forensic markers to determine post-mortem intervals or decomposition states. The universal quantification, standardisation and the high sensitivity of GC-ICP-MS augments traditional GC-MS analyses.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121424} (DOI). Clases, D.; Ueland, M.; Gonzalez de Vega, R.; Doble, P.; Pröfrock, D.: Quantitative speciation of volatile sulphur compounds from human cadavers by GC-ICP-MS. Talanta. 2021. vol. 221, 121424. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121424}} @misc{bento_riversea_systems_2021, author={Bento, C., Naumann, T., Wittmann, A., Tang, J., Zhen, X., Liu, L., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={River-Sea Systems: Spatial and temporal occurrence of Neonicotinoids, Glyphosate and related transformation products in the Chinese Bohai Sea and 36 surrounding Rivers}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual;}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13296}, abstract = {In conclusion, the ubiquitous presence of acetamiprid and the high concentrations and detection frequencies of AMPA in the sampled waters suggest a high persistence and stability of these compounds in surface waters. Therefore, these compounds may accumulate in aquatic/marine environments and may pose a risk to aquatic/marine organisms. The Bohai and Laizhou Bays presented the highest contamination status, to where most contaminated rivers were flowing, indicating that riverine discharges are important contributors to the pollution status of the marine environment. The higher detection frequencies and concentrations of the transformation products of imidacloprid, fipronil and glyphosate in the marine environment indicate the rapid degradation of their parent compounds during their “journey” from the contaminated rivers to the Bohai Sea. Since evidence shows that these transformation products have similar or even higher persistence and toxicity to non-target organisms, it is important to further monitor these compounds in the marine environment.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13296} (DOI). Bento, C.; Naumann, T.; Wittmann, A.; Tang, J.; Zhen, X.; Liu, L.; Ebinghaus, R.: River-Sea Systems: Spatial and temporal occurrence of Neonicotinoids, Glyphosate and related transformation products in the Chinese Bohai Sea and 36 surrounding Rivers. EGU General Assembly 2021. Virtual, 2021. DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13296}} @misc{quante_shipping_in_2021, author={Quante, M., Karl, M., Matthias, V., Moldanova, J., Ramacher, M.}, title={Shipping in the Baltic Sea: Assessment of Current and Future Air Quality Implications}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, abstract = {Air quality modeling studies reveal that shipping currently contributes considerably to degraded air quality in the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea region. Future scenarios highlight the importance of implementing a Nitrogen Emission Control Area (NECA) to improve the situation.}, note = {Quante, M.; Karl, M.; Matthias, V.; Moldanova, J.; Ramacher, M.: Shipping in the Baltic Sea: Assessment of Current and Future Air Quality Implications. EM : Air & Waste Management Association's magazine for environmental managers. 2021. no. 2,}} @misc{badeke_air_quality_2021, author={Badeke, R., Matthias, V., Quante, M., Petrik, R., Arndt, J., Ramacher, M., Schwarzkopf, D., Fink, L., Feldner, J., Link, E.}, title={Air quality improvements caused by COVID-19 lockdown measures in Central Europe – contributions of emission sectors and the meteorological situation}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual;}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12394}, abstract = {Corona lockdown measures caused unprecedented emission reductions in many parts of world. However, this does not linearly translate into improved air quality, since weather phenomena like precipitation, wind and solar radiation also show a significant impact on pollutant concentration patterns. The aim of this study is to disentangle effects of emission reduction and meteorology on the air quality in Central Europe during the first major lockdown from March to June 2020. For this purpose, the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ) was used with updated emission data for the year 2020, including time profiles for sectors and countries that approximate the lockdown emission reductions. The contributions of street traffic, air traffic, ship traffic, residential heating and industry to NO2, O3 and PM2.5 concentrations were investigated. Meteorological data was derived from the regional COSMO model in CLimate Mode (COSMO-CLM). Additional city scale measurements were used to account for exceptional weather conditions as well as emission reduction effects at hotspots like traffic stations. Therefore, selected air pollutant and meteorological measurement data in the cities of Hamburg, Liége and Marseille are compared against the statistical trend of 2015 to 2019.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12394} (DOI). Badeke, R.; Matthias, V.; Quante, M.; Petrik, R.; Arndt, J.; Ramacher, M.; Schwarzkopf, D.; Fink, L.; Feldner, J.; Link, E.: Air quality improvements caused by COVID-19 lockdown measures in Central Europe – contributions of emission sectors and the meteorological situation. EGU General Assembly 2021. Virtual, 2021. DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12394}} @misc{hildebrandt_comparison_and_2021, author={Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., Primpke, S., Fischer, D., Gerdts, G., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Comparison and uncertainty evaluation of two centrifugal separators for microplastic sampling}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125482}, abstract = {For the first time in microplastic research, an expanded uncertainty was calculated according to the “Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” (JCGM 100:2008). Bottom-up uncertainty evaluation revealed the different sampling methods (~ 44%), sample replicates (~ 26%) and the different detection techniques (~ 16%) as the major sources of uncertainty. Depending on the number of particles detected in the samples, the relative expanded uncertainty (Urel (k =2)) ranged from 24% up to > 200% underpinning tremendous importance of sound uncertainty evaluation. Our results indicate that scientist should rethink many “observed patterns” in the literature due to being insignificant and herewith not real.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125482} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Zimmermann, T.; Primpke, S.; Fischer, D.; Gerdts, G.; Pröfrock, D.: Comparison and uncertainty evaluation of two centrifugal separators for microplastic sampling. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021. vol. 414, 125482. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125482}} @misc{lian_interprovincial_trade_2021, author={Lian, L., Huang, T., Ling, Z., Li, S., Li, J., Jiang, W., Gao, H., Tao, S., Liu, J., Xie, Z., Mao, X., Ma, J.}, title={Interprovincial trade driven relocation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lung cancer risk in China}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124368}, abstract = {Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of ubiquitous organic contaminants which poses an adverse health impact on environment and humans. This study assesses the PAHs environmental contamination and associated lung cancer risk attributable to interprovincial trade in goods and services in China. Virtual trade driven PAHs flow mainly from well-developed and industrialized provinces to less-developed provinces that provide energy and raw materials. In 2007, Shanxi (with a net PAHs outflow of 3743 tons) and Hebei (with a net PAHs outflow of 851 tons) account for 66.8% of total PAH emission outflow attributable to interprovincial trade. The largest single net PAHs flow was from Shanxi to Zhejiang (399 tons), followed by Shanxi to Jiangsu (371 tons), and Hebei to Zhejiang (194 tons). Our results also reveal a switching from outflow to inflow of industrial products with high PAH emissions in some provinces from 2007 to 2012 due to the changes in their industrial structure. The estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) based on modeled benzo [a]pyrene (BaP) concentrations and considering trade driven emissions shows that excess nonoccupational lung cancer cases associated with trade related industrial BaP emissions totaled 2176 in 2007, accounting for 42% of lung cancer cases induced by all Chinese BaP emissions. Without interprovincial trade, Chinese lung cancer cases would increase to 3677 in 2007, indicating that interprovincial trade reduces lung cancer cases in well-developed and populated coastal provinces and increases cases in less populated and less developed provinces, which reduces the overall number of Chinese lung cancer cases. It is recommended that well-developed provinces in eastern and southern China should subsidize those inland provinces providing goods and services to eastern and southern China, in addition to the interprovincial trade.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124368} (DOI). Lian, L.; Huang, T.; Ling, Z.; Li, S.; Li, J.; Jiang, W.; Gao, H.; Tao, S.; Liu, J.; Xie, Z.; Mao, X.; Ma, J.: Interprovincial trade driven relocation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lung cancer risk in China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021. vol. 280, no. Part 1, 124368. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124368}} @misc{vlasenko_simulation_of_2021, author={Vlasenko, A., Matthias, V., Callies, U.}, title={Simulation of chemical transport model estimates by means of a neural network using meteorological data}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118236}, abstract = {Chemical substances of either anthropogenic or natural origin affect air quality and, as a consequence, also the health of the population. Therefore, there is a high demand for reliable air quality scenarios that can support possible management decisions. However, generating long term assessments of air quality assuming different emission scenarios is still a great challenge when using detailed atmospheric chemistry models. In this study, we test machine learning technique based on neural networks (NN) to emulate process-oriented modeling outcomes. A successfully calibrated NN might estimate concentrations of chemical substances in the air several orders faster than the original model and with reasonably small errors. We designed a simple recurrent 3-layer NN to reproduce daily mean concentrations of NO2, SO2 and C2H6 over Europe as simulated by the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ). The general structure of the NN can be shown to approximate a continuity equation. Inputs of the network are daily mean meteorological state variables, taken from the climate model COSMO-CLM. The proposed NN emulates CMAQ outputs with an error not exceeding the difference between CMAQ and other known chemical transport models.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118236} (DOI). Vlasenko, A.; Matthias, V.; Callies, U.: Simulation of chemical transport model estimates by means of a neural network using meteorological data. Atmospheric Environment. 2021. vol. 254, 118236. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118236}} @misc{klein_improved_determination_2021, author={Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Improved determination of technologically critical elements in sediment digests by ICP-MS/MS using N2O as a reaction gas}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D1JA00088H}, abstract = {The investigation of technologically critical elements (TCEs) as emerging pollutants is a constantly growing field of environmental research and societal concern. Nevertheless, existing data for most TCEs are still unsatisfactory for an accurate assessment of their potential (eco)toxicological effects on humans and the environment. The limited availability of data mainly results from the technically challenging analysis of selected TCEs. Low concentrations of TCEs in environmental matrices (μg kg−1 or lower) and the associated complex and time-consuming sample preparation pose the greatest challenges. This work aims at developing a new ICP-MS/MS-based multi-elemental approach targeting the analysis of all major TCEs (Sc, Ga, Ge, Nb, In, Te, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb, Lu, and Ta) in sediment, which represents one of the most important matrices for environmental research. N2O is applied as a reaction gas to overcome possible spectral interferences during ICP-MS/MS analysis. The use of N2O as a reaction gas for ICP-MS/MS analysis enabled higher oxide-product ion yields for many TCEs in comparison to the frequently used O2 cell gas. Hence, the selectivity and sensitivity of the method were improved. The presented multi-element method using N2O as a reaction gas achieved LODs between 0.00023 μg L−1 (Eu) and 0.13 μg L−1 (Te) for all analyzed TCEs. Likewise, for all analyzed elements, except for Te, recoveries between 80% and 112% were obtained for at least one of the analyzed reference materials (GBW 07313, GBW 07311, and BCR-2).}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/D1JA00088H} (DOI). Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Improved determination of technologically critical elements in sediment digests by ICP-MS/MS using N2O as a reaction gas. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 2021. vol. 36, no. 7, 1524-1532. DOI: 10.1039/D1JA00088H}} @misc{deng_using_srndpb_2021, author={Deng, F., Hellmann, S., Zimmerman, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Using Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systems to trace sources of sediment and trace metals to the Weser River system (Germany) and assessment of input to the North Sea}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148127}, abstract = {In order to trace the sources of sediment materials and trace metals in the Weser River system (Germany), and the riverine input to the North Sea, Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes, together with multi-elemental compositions, were measured for sediments collected over the entire Weser River Basin, from headwaters to the estuary. Mass fractions of metals, including Ag, Cd, and Pb, and of one metalloid, Sb, higher than their crustal abundance, were observed within the entire Weser Basin. Isotope-amount ratio n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) and εNd ranged from 0.71182 ± 0.00005 to 0.72880 ± 0.00009 and −11.3 ± 0.3 to −21.0 ± 0.3, respectively. n(206Pb)/n(204Pb), n(207Pb)/n(204Pb), and n(208Pb)/n(204Pb) ranged from 18.226 ± 0.008 to 18.703 ± 0.012, 15.613 ± 0.007 to 15.653 ± 0.012 and 38.14 ± 0.02 to 38.84 ± 0.02, respectively. Sr and Nd isotope compositions reflected primarily a mixture of natural materials derived from the Weser Basin. Pb isotope signatures indicated strong anthropogenic influences in the middle-lower Weser region. Pb isotopic compositions in the sediments from the Aller (tributary of the Weser) and its tributary suggested influence from historical Pb-Zn ore mining in the Harz Mountains that might contribute to the observed elevated mass fractions of Ag, Cd, Sb and Pb in that region. K-means cluster and principal component analysis of the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope data yielded results consistent with their isotope systematics, supporting statistical analysis as an unsupervised tool in isotope fingerprinting studies. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic signatures in the sediments of the Weser were distinctively different from those of another major river discharging into the North Sea, the Elbe. This suggested that this Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope dataset can be used to distinguish riverine input of sediment materials and metals between the two rivers, thereby assessing their individual contribution to materials transported into the North Sea.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148127} (DOI). Deng, F.; Hellmann, S.; Zimmerman, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Using Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systems to trace sources of sediment and trace metals to the Weser River system (Germany) and assessment of input to the North Sea. Science of the Total Environment. 2021. vol. 791, 148127. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148127}} @misc{hansen_quantification_and_2021, author={Hansen, J.}, title={Quantification and characterization of microplastics in filtration samples from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean}, year={2021}, howpublished = {bachelor thesis: Universität Hamburg}, note = {Hansen, J.: Quantification and characterization of microplastics in filtration samples from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Universität Hamburg, 2021.}} @misc{klein_enhanced_detection_2021, author={Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Enhanced detection of technologically critical elements in sediment digestions via ICP-MS/MS utilizing N2O as a reaction gas}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual;}, note = {Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Enhanced detection of technologically critical elements in sediment digestions via ICP-MS/MS utilizing N2O as a reaction gas. 6. Doktorandenseminar des DAAS. Virtual, 2021.}} @misc{gerasopoulos_urban_resilience_2021, author={Gerasopoulos, E., Athanasopoulou, E., Speyer, O., Bailey, J., Kocman, D., Karl, M.}, title={Urban resilience to environmental stressors via EO-based smart solutions}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference paper: ;}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9554066}, abstract = {Cities face a wide variety of pressures, many of which negatively impact the health of both the environment and citizens and require an integrated smart city approach to address. By infusing state-of-the-art Earth observation (EO) into tools for cities, the SMart URBan Solutions for air quality, disasters and city growth (SMURBS) project produced a portfolio of smart solutions based off of and refined by continued engagement and co-design with stakeholders and cities to address real needs, gaps, and issues. This portfolio of EO-driven solutions serves as an openly available archive and depository of city solutions for environmental pressures and aims to enhance urban resilience and sustainability, and therefore, make cities smarter. Within this paper, we describe the SMURBS experience of bringing together city stakeholders and EO experts and building the portfolio of smart urban solutions, concluding with the six foundational aspects distilled from this experience to serve as a playbook for solution builders to ensure the production of fit-for-purpose and effective city solutions.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9554066} (DOI). Gerasopoulos, E.; Athanasopoulou, E.; Speyer, O.; Bailey, J.; Kocman, D.; Karl, M.: Urban resilience to environmental stressors via EO-based smart solutions. In: 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS. 2021. 1194-1197. DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9554066}} @misc{matthias_traffic_emissions_2021, author={Matthias, V., Bieser, J., Quante, M., Winkler, C., Seum, S.}, title={Traffic Emissions 2040 - Impact on Air Quality in Germany}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference paper: ;}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63760-9_6}, abstract = {Traffic emissions in Central Europe were calculated for today and for future scenarios in 2040. For Germany, a sophisticated multi-model chain including transport models, fleet composition models and an up-to-date set of emission factors was embedded. The relationship between transport demand and emissions for several road types has then been applied to other Central European countries for calculating transport demand from total road traffic emissions in these countries. This allows for the construction of consistent and detailed future scenarios for 2040, taking into account modified transport demand and fleet composition. Three emission scenarios were modelled with the full model chain based on societal and legislative developments that are both, plausible and consistent. The traffic emission data was then, together with emissions for all other relevant sectors, fed into the CMAQ chemistry transport model. Concentrations of NO2, O3 and PM2.5 have been calculated for summer and winter in the year 2010 and for three emission scenarios for 2040. All scenarios revealed an emission reduction in the order of 75–80% for NOx in 2040 compared to 2010. NO2 concentrations caused by traffic emissions were reduced accordingly. Their contribution to overall NO2 concentrations in Central Europe was halved in 2040.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63760-9_6} (DOI). Matthias, V.; Bieser, J.; Quante, M.; Winkler, C.; Seum, S.: Traffic Emissions 2040 - Impact on Air Quality in Germany. In: Mensink C.; Matthias V. (Ed.): Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVII. ITM 2019. Berlin: Springer. 2021. 39-44. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-63760-9_6}} @misc{ramacher_the_impact_2021, author={Ramacher, M., Karl, M., Feldner, J., Bieser, J.}, title={The Impact of BVOC Emissions from Urban Trees on O3 Production in Urban Areas Under Heat-Period Conditions}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference paper: ;}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63760-9_34}, abstract = {Heat-periods in summer occurred more frequently in this decade and affected the well-being of citizens in several ways. One effect of heat-periods is a higher photochemical ozone (O3) production rate, which leads to higher O3 concentrations. Strategies to influence urban climate and air pollution more often include urban trees. A side effect of urban trees is the emission of biogenic VOCs (BVOCs), which are participating in urban O3 production. In this study, we investigate the effect of urban tree BVOCs during heat-period conditions on O3 formation using an integrated urban-scale biogenic emissions and chemistry transport model chain. To demonstrate the possibility of investigating the effect of urban trees on O3 production under heat-period conditions, we performed simulations in the densely populated Rhein-Ruhr area (DE) in July 2018. The results show impacts of up to 4% higher averaged maximum daily 8 h mean (MDA8) O3 concentrations due to local isoprene emissions and up to additional 15% higher MDA8 O3 values when decreasing NOx emissions from traffic and increasing urban tree emissions. In general, the relevance of biogenic emissions is expected to increase in future due to higher frequency of heat-period events related to climate change and due to the decreasing trend of anthropogenic emissions in response to current legislation. Therefore, the established model chain can be a valuable tool for urban planning.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63760-9_34} (DOI). Ramacher, M.; Karl, M.; Feldner, J.; Bieser, J.: The Impact of BVOC Emissions from Urban Trees on O3 Production in Urban Areas Under Heat-Period Conditions. In: Mensink C.; Matthias V. (Ed.): Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVII. ITM 2019. Berlin: Springer. 2021. 241-248. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-63760-9_34}} @misc{karl_urban_atmospheric_2021, author={Karl, M., Ramacher, M.}, title={Urban Atmospheric Chemistry with the EPISODE-CityChem Model}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference paper: ;}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63760-9_33}, abstract = {Photochemical ozone production in the urban area of Hamburg, Germany, was investigated using detailed emission inventories of ozone precursors and an urban-scale chemistry-transport model. Within the urban area, traffic-related emissions of nitric oxide destroy much of the inflowing ozone, mainly at night, leading to minimum concentrations along the traffic network and the port area. Net ozone production was determined based on the difference between the reference simulation, using an advanced photochemistry reaction scheme, and a simulation using photo-stationary state (PSS) assumption. Neglecting the photo-oxidation of VOC resulted in up to 4.5% lower average ozone in the city outflow in summer.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63760-9_33} (DOI). Karl, M.; Ramacher, M.: Urban Atmospheric Chemistry with the EPISODE-CityChem Model. In: Mensink C.; Matthias V. (Ed.): Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVII. ITM 2019. Berlin: Springer. 2021. 235-239. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-63760-9_33}} @misc{lauenburg_city_scale_2021, author={Lauenburg, M., Karl, M., Matthias, V., Quante, M., Ramacher, M.}, title={City Scale Modeling of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Areas with Special Focus on Passenger Ferryboat Emission Impact}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010003}, abstract = {Air pollution by aerosol particles is mainly monitored as mass concentrations of particulate matter, such as PM10 and PM2.5. However, mass-based measurements are hardly representative for ultrafine particles (UFP), which can only be monitored adequately by particle number (PN) concentrations and are considered particularly harmful to human health. This study examines the dispersion of UFP in Hamburg city center and, in particular, the impact of passenger ferryboats by modeling PN concentrations and compares concentrations to measured values. To this end, emissions inventories and emission size spectra for different emission sectors influencing concentrations in the city center were created, explicitly considering passenger ferryboat traffic as an additional emission source. The city-scale chemical transport model EPISODE-CityChem is applied for the first time to simulate PN concentrations and additionally, observations of total particle number counts are taken at four different sampling sites in the city. Modeled UFP concentrations are in the range of 1.5–3 × 104 cm−3 at ferryboat piers and at the road traffic locations with particle sizes predominantly below 50 nm. Urban background concentrations are at 0.4–1.2 × 104 cm−3 with a predominant particle size in the range 50–100 nm. Ferryboat traffic is a significant source of emissions near the shore along the regular ferry routes. Modeled concentrations show slight differences to measured data, but the model is capable of reproducing the observed spatial variation of UFP concentrations. UFP show strong variations in both space and time, with day-to-day variations mainly controlled by differences in air temperature, wind speed and wind direction. Further model simulations should focus on longer periods of time to better understand the influence of meteorological conditions on UFP dynamics.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010003} (DOI). Lauenburg, M.; Karl, M.; Matthias, V.; Quante, M.; Ramacher, M.: City Scale Modeling of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Areas with Special Focus on Passenger Ferryboat Emission Impact. Toxics. 2021. vol. 10, no. 1, 3. DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010003}} @misc{vandam_calcificationdriven_co2_2021, author={Van Dam, B., Zeller, M., Lopes, C., Smyth, A., Böttcher, M., Osburn, C., Zimmerman, T., Pröfrock, D., Fourqurean, J., Thomas, H.}, title={Calcification-driven CO2 emissions exceed “Blue Carbon” sequestration in a carbonate seagrass meadow}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj1372}, abstract = {Long-term “Blue Carbon” burial in seagrass meadows is complicated by other carbon and alkalinity exchanges that shape net carbon sequestration. We measured a suite of such processes, including denitrification, sulfur, and inorganic carbon cycling, and assessed their impact on air-water CO2 exchange in a typical seagrass meadow underlain by carbonate sediments. Eddy covariance measurements reveal a consistent source of CO2 to the atmosphere at an average rate of 610 ± 990 μmol m−2 hour−1 during our study and 700 ± 660 μmol m−2 hour−1 (6.1 mol m−2 year−1) over an annual cycle. Net alkalinity consumption by ecosystem calcification explains >95% of the observed CO2 emissions, far exceeding organic carbon burial and anaerobic alkalinity generation. We argue that the net carbon sequestration potential of seagrass meadows may be overestimated if calcification-induced CO2 emissions are not accounted for, especially in regions where calcification rates exceed net primary production and burial.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj1372} (DOI). Van Dam, B.; Zeller, M.; Lopes, C.; Smyth, A.; Böttcher, M.; Osburn, C.; Zimmerman, T.; Pröfrock, D.; Fourqurean, J.; Thomas, H.: Calcification-driven CO2 emissions exceed “Blue Carbon” sequestration in a carbonate seagrass meadow. Science Advances. 2021. vol. 7, no. 51, eabj1372. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1372}} @misc{bieser_multicompartment_chemistry_2021, author={Bieser, J., Ramacher, M.}, title={Multi-compartment Chemistry Transport Models}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference paper: ;}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63760-9_18}, abstract = {There exists a large range of pollutants of global concern for whom the ocean is a key part in their environmental cycle. Namely, mercury (Hg) and several persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which are subject to international treaties (e.g. Minamata Convention, Stockholm Convention) are actively exchanged between atmosphere and ocean and subsequently accumulated in the marine food web. Thus, modeling their environmental fate requires a numerical representation of atmospheric and marine physics and chemistry. Additionally, in the marine environment interactions with biota and detritus are an important factor leading to a multi-disciplinary biogeochemical research field involving chemistry, meteorology, oceanography, and biology. However, the chemistry transport modeling research community is still virtually limited to atmospheric transport and transformation of pollutants. The ocean is typically treated as a boundary condition and only few coupled hydrodynamic models have been developed so far.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63760-9_18} (DOI). Bieser, J.; Ramacher, M.: Multi-compartment Chemistry Transport Models. In: Mensink C.; Matthias V. (Ed.): Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVII. ITM 2019. Springer Proceedings in Complexity. Berlin: Springer. 2021. 119-123. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-63760-9_18}} @misc{silva_collection_of_2021, author={Silva, V., Alaoui, A., Schlünssen, V., Vested, A., Graumans, M., van Dael, M., Trevisan, M., Suciu, N., Mol, H., Beekmann, K., Figueiredo, D., Harkes, P., Hofman, J., Kandeler, E., Abrantes, N., Campos, I., Martínez, M.Á., Pereira, J., Goossens, D., Gandrass, J., Debler, F., Lwanga, E., Jonker, M., van Langevelde, F., Sorensen, M.T., Wells, J.M., Boekhorst, J., Huss, A., Mandrioli, D., Sgargi, D., Nathanail, P., Nathanail, J., Tamm, L., Fantke, P., Mark, J., Grovermann, C., Frelih-Larsen, A., Herb, I., Chivers, C.-A., Mills, J., Alcon, F., Contreras, J., Baldi, I., Pasković, I., Matjaz, G., Norgaard, T., Aparicio, V., Ritsema, C.J., Geissen, V., Scheepers, P.T.J.}, title={Collection of human and environmental data on pesticide use in Europe and Argentina: Field study protocol for the SPRINT project}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259748}, abstract = {Current farm systems rely on the use of Plant Protection Products (PPP) to secure high productivity and control threats to the quality of the crops. However, PPP use may have considerable impacts on human health and the environment. A study protocol is presented aiming to determine the occurrence and levels of PPP residues in plants (crops), animals (livestock), humans and other non-target species (ecosystem representatives) for exposure modelling and impact assessment. To achieve this, we designed a cross-sectional study to compare conventional and organic farm systems across Europe. Environmental and biological samples were/are being/will be collected during the 2021 growing season, at 10 case study sites in Europe covering a range of climate zones and crops. An additional study site in Argentina will inform the impact of PPP use on growing soybean which is an important European protein-source in animal feed. We will study the impact of PPP mixtures using an integrated risk assessment methodology. The fate of PPP in environmental media (soil, water and air) and in the homes of farmers will be monitored. This will be complemented by biomonitoring to estimate PPP uptake by humans and farm animals (cow, goat, sheep and chicken), and by collection of samples from non-target species (earthworms, fish, aquatic and terrestrial macroinvertebrates, bats, and farm cats). We will use data on PPP residues in environmental and biological matrices to estimate exposures by modelling. These exposure estimates together with health and toxicity data will be used to predict the impact of PPP use on environment, plant, animal and human health. The outcome of this study will then be integrated with socio-economic information leading to an overall assessment used to identify transition pathways towards more sustainable plant protection and inform decision makers, practitioners and other stakeholders regarding farming practices and land use policy.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259748} (DOI). Silva, V.; Alaoui, A.; Schlünssen, V.; Vested, A.; Graumans, M.; van Dael, M.; Trevisan, M.; Suciu, N.; Mol, H.; Beekmann, K.; Figueiredo, D.; Harkes, P.; Hofman, J.; Kandeler, E.; Abrantes, N.; Campos, I.; Martínez, M.; Pereira, J.; Goossens, D.; Gandrass, J.; Debler, F.; Lwanga, E.; Jonker, M.; van Langevelde, F.; Sorensen, M.; Wells, J.; Boekhorst, J.; Huss, A.; Mandrioli, D.; Sgargi, D.; Nathanail, P.; Nathanail, J.; Tamm, L.; Fantke, P.; Mark, J.; Grovermann, C.; Frelih-Larsen, A.; Herb, I.; Chivers, C.; Mills, J.; Alcon, F.; Contreras, J.; Baldi, I.; Pasković, I.; Matjaz, G.; Norgaard, T.; Aparicio, V.; Ritsema, C.; Geissen, V.; Scheepers, P.: Collection of human and environmental data on pesticide use in Europe and Argentina: Field study protocol for the SPRINT project. PLoS One. 2021. vol. 16, no. 11, e0259748. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259748}} @misc{zhang_variations_and_2021, author={Zhang, F., Chen, Y., Su, P., Cui, M., Han, Y., Matthias, V., Wang, G.}, title={Variations and characteristics of carbonaceous substances emitted from a heavy fuel oil ship engine under different operating loads}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117388}, abstract = {Heavy fuel oil (HFO) accounts for approximately 80% of the fuel consumption of ocean-going ships in the world. Multiple toxic species are found in HFO exhaust, however, carbonaceous substances emitted from low-speed marine engine exhaust at different operating loads have not been thoroughly addressed. Therefore, a bench test for a low-speed marine engine with HFO fuel under different operating modes was carried out in this study. Emission factors and characteristics of CO2, CO, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), as well as OC and EC fragments, organic matters of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are given and discussed. Combined with the correlation analysis results among the measured species and engine technical parameters, the formation processes and influence factors of carbonaceous components are also inferred in this study. Besides, together with OC to EC ratio, n-alkanes to PAHs ratio, etc., EC1 to soot-EC ratio in PM can be considered as tracer characteristic of high-sulfur-content HFO ship distinguished from diesel fuel ships. Profiles of n-alkanes and PAHs in PM can be used to distinguish shipping emission source from other combustion sources. Moreover, characteristics of carbonaceous components in size-segregated particles are also discussed, including OC, EC, OC and EC fragments, as well as organic matters. Results show that most of the particle mass, OC, EC, and organic matters are concentrated in fine particles with size of less than 1.1 μm, indicating the significance of ultrafine particles. Formation processes of OC and EC fragments, EC1 and soot-EC are also deduced and proved combined with the characteristics of OC and EC fragments, organic matters, and especially PAHs. Besides, the large variations of OC to EC ratios and speciated profiles of n-alkanes and PAHs in different particle size bins indicate that particle size should be considered when they are used as characteristic tracer in source apportionment studies.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117388} (DOI). Zhang, F.; Chen, Y.; Su, P.; Cui, M.; Han, Y.; Matthias, V.; Wang, G.: Variations and characteristics of carbonaceous substances emitted from a heavy fuel oil ship engine under different operating loads. Environmental Pollution. 2021. vol. 284, 117388. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117388}} @misc{jutterstrm_the_impact_2021, author={Jutterström, S., Moldan, F., Moldanová, J., Karl, M., Matthias, V., Posch, M.}, title={The impact of nitrogen and sulfur emissions from shipping on the exceedance of critical loads in the Baltic Sea region}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15827-2021}, abstract = {The emissions of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) species to the atmosphere from shipping significantly contribute to S and N deposition near the coast and to acidification and/or eutrophication of soils and freshwater. In the countries around the Baltic Sea, the shipping volume and its relative importance as a source of emissions are expected to increase if no efficient regulations are implemented. To assess the extent of environmental damage due to ship emissions for the Baltic Sea area, the exceedance of critical loads (CLs) for N and S has been calculated for the years 2012 and 2040. The paper evaluates the effects of several future scenarios, including the implementation of NECA and SECA (Nitrogen And Sulfur Emission Control Areas). The implementation of NECA and SECA caused a significant decrease in the exceedance of CLs for N as a nutrient while the impact on the – already much lower – exceedance of CLs for acidification was less pronounced. The relative contribution from Baltic shipping to the total deposition decreased from 2012 in the 2040 scenario for both S and N. In contrast to exceedances of CLs for acidification, shipping still has an impact on exceedances for eutrophication in 2040. Geographically, the impact of shipping emissions is unevenly distributed even within each country. This is illustrated by calculating CL exceedances for 21 Swedish counties. The impact, on a national level, is driven by a few coastal counties, where the impact of shipping is much higher than the national summary suggests.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15827-2021} (DOI). Jutterström, S.; Moldan, F.; Moldanová, J.; Karl, M.; Matthias, V.; Posch, M.: The impact of nitrogen and sulfur emissions from shipping on the exceedance of critical loads in the Baltic Sea region. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2021. vol. 21, no. 20, 15827-15845. DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-15827-2021}} @misc{hildebrandt_nano_and_2021, author={Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., El Gareb, F., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Nano- and Microplastics Analysis via LDIR and ICP-MS}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual;}, note = {Hildebrandt, L.; Zimmermann, T.; El Gareb, F.; Pröfrock, D.: Nano- and Microplastics Analysis via LDIR and ICP-MS. Agilent - Microplastics in the Environment Virtual Symposium. Virtual, 2021.}} @misc{ramacher_the_urbem_2021, author={Ramacher, M.O.P., Kakouri, A., Speyer, O., Feldner, J., Karl, M., Timmermans, R., van der Gon, H.D., Kuenen, J., Gerasopoulos, E., Athanasopoulou, E.}, title={The UrbEm Hybrid Method to Derive High-Resolution Emissions for City-Scale Air Quality Modeling}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111404}, abstract = {As cities are growing in size and complexity, the estimation of air pollution exposure requires a detailed spatial representation of air pollution levels, rather than homogenous fields, provided by global- or regional-scale models. A critical input for city-scale modeling is a timely and spatially resolved emission inventory. Bottom–up approaches to create urban-scale emission inventories can be a demanding and time-consuming task, whereas local emission rates derived from a top–down approach may lack accuracy. In the frame of this study, the UrbEm approach of downscaling gridded emission inventories is developed, investing upon existing, open access, and credible emission data sources. As a proof-of-concept, the regional anthropogenic emissions by Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS) are handled with a top–down approach, creating an added-value product of anthropogenic emissions of trace gases and particulate matter for any city (or area) of Europe, at the desired spatial resolution down to 1 km. The disaggregation is based on contemporary proxies for the European area (e.g., Global Human Settlement population data, Urban Atlas 2012, Corine, OpenStreetMap data). The UrbEm approach is realized as a fully automated software tool to produce a detailed mapping of industrial (point), (road-) transport (line), and residential/agricultural/other (area) emission sources. Line sources are of particular value for air quality studies at the urban scale, as they enable explicit treatment of line sources by models capturing among others the street canyon effect and offer an overall better representation of the critical road transport sector. The UrbEm approach is an efficient solution for such studies and constitutes a fully credible option in case high-resolution emission inventories do not exist for a city (or area) of interest. The validity of UrbEm is examined through the evaluation of high-resolution air pollution predictions over Athens and Hamburg against in situ measurements. In addition to a better spatial representation of emission sources and especially hotspots, the air quality modeling results show that UrbEm outputs, when compared to a uniform spatial disaggregation, have an impact on NO2 predictions up to 70% for urban regions with complex topographies, which corresponds to a big improvement of model accuracy (FAC2 > 0.5), especially at the source-impacted sites.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111404} (DOI). Ramacher, M.; Kakouri, A.; Speyer, O.; Feldner, J.; Karl, M.; Timmermans, R.; van der Gon, H.; Kuenen, J.; Gerasopoulos, E.; Athanasopoulou, E.: The UrbEm Hybrid Method to Derive High-Resolution Emissions for City-Scale Air Quality Modeling. Atmosphere. 2021. vol. 12, no. 11, 1404. DOI: 10.3390/atmos12111404}} @misc{deng_srndpb_isotope_2021, author={Deng, F., Hellmann, S., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systems as fingerprinting tools to trace anthropogenic controls on the Weser river system (Germany)}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual;}, abstract = {to contaminants transported into the coastal zone.}, note = {Deng, F.; Hellmann, S.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systems as fingerprinting tools to trace anthropogenic controls on the Weser river system (Germany). Goldschmidt2020. Virtual, 2021.}} @misc{schwarzkopf_a_ship_2021, author={Schwarzkopf, D., Petrik, R., Matthias, V., Quante, M., Majamäki, E., Jalkanen, J.}, title={A ship emission modeling system with scenario capabilities}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100132}, abstract = {A bottom-up modular ship emission modeling system (MoSES) is presented that calculates highly spatiotemporally resolved ship exhaust emissions, based on ship position data recorded from the automatic identification system. MoSES is built in a modularized architecture, which guarantees good expandability. Several ship-type specific methods have been developed for estimating missing ship characteristics that are important for ship emission modeling, such as the gross tonnage, main or auxiliary engine power, engine rating or the service speed, since these characteristics are often not available in present data. Additionally, most recent emission factors for sulfate and black carbon were derived from literature that cover formerly neglected low-sulfur fuels. MoSES is demonstrated by the creation of an emissions inventory for the North and Baltic Sea region, but it may readily be applied to other regions as well. The results were evaluated and compared to ship emission data calculated with the established Ship Traffic Assessment Model (STEAM 3). A good agreement with the daily shipping activity and CO2 emissions was found, although fewer emissions were calculated with MoSES for SO2, SO4 and NOX due to differences in the method for calculating the power consumption, the assumed fuel sulfur content, and applied emission factors. Furthermore, the impact of different emissions factors and uncertainties due to missing ship characteristics has been investigated. Additionally, extensive functionalities for scenario generation were implemented that allow the modification of a ship fleet in a model run. A filtering algorithm was developed to support scenario generation by the creation of sub-emission inventories. These contain only emissions of ships moving between two specific harbors or points of interest. This feature is demonstrated for the ship traffic between the five busiest harbors in the North Sea among each other, and between the English Channel. The scenario capability of the model is exemplified on a case based on sub-emission inventories, that investigates a decreased trade volume between representative ports of mainland Europe and the United Kingdom.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100132} (DOI). Schwarzkopf, D.; Petrik, R.; Matthias, V.; Quante, M.; Majamäki, E.; Jalkanen, J.: A ship emission modeling system with scenario capabilities. Atmospheric Environment: X. 2021. vol. 12, 100132. DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100132}} @misc{garnett_high_concentrations_2021, author={Garnett, J., Halsall, C., Vader, A., Joerss, H., Ebinghaus, R., Leeson, A., Wynn, P.}, title={High Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Arctic Seawater Driven by Early Thawing Sea Ice}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01676}, abstract = {Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances are synthetic chemicals that are widely present in the global environment including the Arctic. However, little is known about how these chemicals (particularly perfluoroalkyl acids, PFAA) enter the Arctic marine system and cycle between seawater and sea ice compartments. To evaluate this, we analyzed sea ice, snow, melt ponds, and near-surface seawater at two ice-covered stations located north of the Barents Sea (81 °N) with the aim of investigating PFAA dynamics in the late-season ice pack. Sea ice showed high concentrations of PFAA particularly at the surface with snow-ice (the uppermost sea ice layer strongly influenced by snow) comprising 26–62% of the total PFAA burden. Low salinities (<2.5 ppt) and low δ18OH20 values (<1‰ in snow and upper ice layers) in sea ice revealed the strong influence of meteoric water on sea ice, thus indicating a significant atmospheric source of PFAA with subsequent transfer down the sea ice column in meltwater. Importantly, the under-ice seawater (0.5 m depth) displayed some of the highest concentrations notably for the long-chain PFAA (e.g., PFOA 928 ± 617 pg L–1), which were ≈3-fold higher than those of deeper water (5 m depth) and ≈2-fold higher than those recently measured in surface waters of the North Sea infuenced by industrial inputs of PFAAs. The evidence provided here suggests that meltwater arising early in the melt season from snow and other surface ice floe components drives the higher PFAA concentrations observed in under-ice seawater, which could in turn influence the timing and extent of PFAA exposure for organisms at the base of the marine food web.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01676} (DOI). Garnett, J.; Halsall, C.; Vader, A.; Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.; Leeson, A.; Wynn, P.: High Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Arctic Seawater Driven by Early Thawing Sea Ice. Environmental Science and Technology. 2021. vol. 55, no. 16, 11049-11059. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01676}} @misc{jin_amyloid_fibrilbased_2021, author={Jin, T., Peydayesh, M., Joerss, H., Zhou, J., Bolisetty, S., Mezzenga, R.}, title={Amyloid fibril-based membranes for PFAS removal from water}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EW00373A}, abstract = {We introduce a green and efficient approach for removing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) based on the β-lactoglobulin amyloid fibril membrane. The membrane exhibits superior adsorption capability for long-chain PFASs. At low pH, the membrane efficiency improved significantly due to enhanced electrostatic interactions between positively charged fibrils and negatively charged PFASs. Furthermore, intermolecular adhesion force measurements confirm the hydrophobic–hydrophobic interaction at the nanoscale with PFOS and PFOA representing perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), respectively. For real PFAS-contaminated water from the Xiaoqing River basin and under single-step filtration mode, the membrane exhibits high efficiency for removing both high (>μg L−1) and trace (ng L−1) levels of the compounds. To demonstrate the scalability and generality, a commercial amyloid–carbon-based hybrid membrane is applied for removal of a range of long-chain and short-chain PFASs as well as their replacement compounds, offering complete removal of PFASs with ≥4 perfluorinated carbon atoms in the molecular structure and a removal efficiency of low molecular weight PFBA (3 perfluorinated carbon atoms) exceeding 96%. Analysis of the sustainability footprint reveals the superiority of the amyloid–carbon hybrid membrane for PFAS removal. Altogether, these results demonstrate a high potential of amyloid fibril membrane technology for the sustainable removal of PFASs from water.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EW00373A} (DOI). Jin, T.; Peydayesh, M.; Joerss, H.; Zhou, J.; Bolisetty, S.; Mezzenga, R.: Amyloid fibril-based membranes for PFAS removal from water. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology. 2021. vol. 7, no. 10, 1873-1884. DOI: 10.1039/D1EW00373A}} @misc{lange_the_corrib_2021, author={Lange, M.}, title={The Corrib Gas Field}, year={2021}, howpublished = {book part}, note = {Lange, M.: The Corrib Gas Field. In: Devoy, R.; Cummins, V.; Barry, B.; Bartlett, D.; Kandrot, S. (Ed.): The Coastal Atlas of Ireland. Cork: Cork University Press. 2021. 725-727.}} @misc{lange_managing_stakeholder_2021, author={Lange, M., Cummins, V.}, title={Managing stakeholder perception and engagement for marine energy transitions in a decarbonising world}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111740}, abstract = {The insights are relevant for the energy transition in jurisdictions around the world. Given the urgent need for decarbonisation and the potential for marine renewable energy, lessons from the past, as documented in this paper, can help to inform better governance of common pool marine resources. This is increasingly important for the industrialisation of marine renewable energy and the need to reconcile the interests of government, industry and civil society.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111740} (DOI). Lange, M.; Cummins, V.: Managing stakeholder perception and engagement for marine energy transitions in a decarbonising world. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021. vol. 152, 111740. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111740}} @misc{matthias_the_role_2021, author={Matthias, V., Quante, M., Arndt, J., Badeke, R., Fink, L., Petrik, R., Feldner, J., Schwarzkopf, D., Link, E.-M., Ramacher, M., Wedemann, R.}, title={The role of emission reductions and the meteorological situation for air quality improvements during the COVID-19 lockdown period in central Europe}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13931-2021}, abstract = {The lockdown can be seen as a big experiment about air quality improvements that can be achieved through drastic traffic emission reductions. From this investigation, it can be concluded that NO2 concentrations can be largely reduced, but effects on annual average values are small when the measures last only a few weeks. Secondary pollutants like ozone and PM2.5 depend more strongly on weather conditions and show a limited response to emission changes in single sectors.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13931-2021} (DOI). Matthias, V.; Quante, M.; Arndt, J.; Badeke, R.; Fink, L.; Petrik, R.; Feldner, J.; Schwarzkopf, D.; Link, E.; Ramacher, M.; Wedemann, R.: The role of emission reductions and the meteorological situation for air quality improvements during the COVID-19 lockdown period in central Europe. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2021. vol. 21, no. 18, 13931-13971. DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-13931-2021}} @misc{ebinghaus_chapter_11_2021, author={Ebinghaus, R., Grøsvik, B., Hassellöv, I., Moffat, C., Simcock, A., Sonesten, L., Vlahos, P., Achterberg, E., Alo, B., Andrade, C., Bebianno, M., Caetano, M., Gnandi, K., Hong, G., Kim, S., Lohmann, R., Stankiewicz, M., Wang, J.}, title={Chapter 11: Changes in liquid and atmospheric inputs to the marine environment from land (including through groundwater), ships and offshore installations}, year={2021}, howpublished = {book part}, abstract = {Chemical production has continued to in-crease and change since 2003. The potential geographic impact of the chemical industry continued to change from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, where almost 70 per cent of the industry is expected to operate by 2030, while new products are continually being devel-oped, thus adding to the mixture of chemicals to which biota in the ocean is being exposed.Different lists of hazardous substances have been identified by international organizations, although there is still no agreed single global list of substances that are of concern. The present chapter contains an assessment of the changes since the first Assessment in wa-ter and airborne inputs to the marine environ-ment from land (including groundwater), ships and offshore installations. In addition, the information in the present chapter builds upon the assessment of the list of hazardous sub-stances used in the first Assessment, namely, POPs, metals, hydrocarbons and radioactive substances. It includes new information on rare earth elements, PPCPs and airborne in-puts of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides that were not included in the first Assessment.}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.; Grøsvik, B.; Hassellöv, I.; Moffat, C.; Simcock, A.; Sonesten, L.; Vlahos, P.; Achterberg, E.; Alo, B.; Andrade, C.; Bebianno, M.; Caetano, M.; Gnandi, K.; Hong, G.; Kim, S.; Lohmann, R.; Stankiewicz, M.; Wang, J.: Chapter 11: Changes in liquid and atmospheric inputs to the marine environment from land (including through groundwater), ships and offshore installations. In: United Nations (Ed.): The Second World Ocean Assessment. United Nations. 2021. 101-150.}} @misc{burdanowitz_signals_of_2021, author={Burdanowitz, N., Rixen, T., Gaye, B., Emeis, K.}, title={Signals of Holocene climate transition amplified by anthropogenic land-use changes in the westerly–Indian monsoon realm}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1735-2021}, abstract = {The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall is the lifeline for people living on the Indian subcontinent today and was possibly the driver of the rise and fall of early agricultural societies in the past. The intensity and position of the ISM have shifted in response to orbitally forced thermal land–ocean contrasts. At the northwestern monsoon margins, interactions between the subtropical westerly jet (STWJ) and the ISM constitute a tipping element in the Earth's climate system because their non-linear interaction may be a first-order influence on rainfall. We reconstructed marine sea surface temperature (SST), supply of terrestrial material and vegetation changes from a very well-dated sediment core from the northern Arabian Sea to reconstruct the STWJ–ISM interaction. The Holocene record (from 11 000 years) shows a distinct, but gradual, southward displacement of the ISM in the Early to Mid-Holocene, increasingly punctuated by phases of intensified STWJ events that are coeval with interruptions of North Atlantic overturning circulation (Bond events). The effects of the non-linear interactions culminate between 4.6 and 3 ka BP, marking a climatic transition period during which the ISM shifted southwards and the influence of STWJ became prominent. The lithogenic matter input shows an up to 4-fold increase after this time period, probably related to the strengthened influence of agricultural activities of the Indus civilization, with enhanced erosion of soils. This anthropogenic land-use change is amplifying the impact of Bond events and adding to the marine sedimentation rates adjacent to the continent.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1735-2021} (DOI). Burdanowitz, N.; Rixen, T.; Gaye, B.; Emeis, K.: Signals of Holocene climate transition amplified by anthropogenic land-use changes in the westerly–Indian monsoon realm. Climate of the Past. 2021. vol. 17, no. 4, 1735-1749. DOI: 10.5194/cp-17-1735-2021}} @misc{hildebrandt_microplastics_as_2021, author={Hildebrandt, L., Nack, F., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Microplastics as a Trojan horse for trace metals}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100035}, abstract = {Due to an assumed lack of anionic binding sites (most plastics are non-polar), scientists long considered virgin particulate plastics inert towards metal ions. However, we proved significant metal sorption to microplastics at neutral pH and release in a solution mimicking gastrointestinal chemistry serving as a proof-of-principle for environmental and human bioavailability. Competitive ion-exchange incubation experiments comprised 55 metals and metalloids. Fast kinetics were observed with 45 %–75 % of As, Be, Bi, Cr, Fe, In, Pb, Th, Sn and the rare-earth element ions being sorbed after 1 h. The investigated metal and metalloid cations showed significant differences in the extent of sorption, based upon which a distinct categorization was possible. Microplastics are not only a potential danger for aquatic and human life, but - as demonstrated in this paper - also serve as a Trojan Horse for dissolved metal cations. The corresponding effects on aquatic and human health will gain higher importance in the near future due to the predicted increases of marine plastic litter and microplastic sorbents.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100035} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Nack, F.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Microplastics as a Trojan horse for trace metals. Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters. 2021. vol. 2, 100035. DOI: 10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100035}} @misc{deng_srndpb_isotope_2021, author={Deng, F., Hellmann, S., Zimmerman, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Sr-Nd-Pb isotope fingerprint analysis of sediment from the river Weser (Germany) and its implication to trace human and climate-induced impacts}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual;}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13793}, abstract = {Sediment samples were analysed for their elemental compositions to evaluate the load of each chemical composition in the river Weser. Isotopic ratios of Sr, Nd, and Pb were measured on MC-ICP-MS (Multi-collector-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) with the newly-developed automated prepFAST sample purification method (Retzmann et al., 2017). The Sr, Nd and Pb isotope results reported here are the first such dataset obtained from the river Weser sediment. Combined with the statistical analysis, such as the principal component analysis, the dataset allows the evaluation of the contribution of various sources to the load of the river Weser, and enables the quantification of the flux of the river to the North Sea, and an estimate of the contribution of the river system to contaminants transported into the coastal zone. These estimates will also be of interest to stakeholders and governments for targeted management interventions of the socio-economically important Weser river system}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13793} (DOI). Deng, F.; Hellmann, S.; Zimmerman, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Sr-Nd-Pb isotope fingerprint analysis of sediment from the river Weser (Germany) and its implication to trace human and climate-induced impacts. EGU General Assembly 2020. Virtual, 2021. DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13793}} @misc{wang_overall_comparison_2020, author={Wang, P., Mi, W., Xie, Z., Tang, J., Apel, C., Joerss, H., Ebinghaus, R., Zhang, Q.}, title={Overall comparison and source identification of PAHs in the sediments of European Baltic and North Seas, Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139535}, abstract = {An international sampling campaign was carried out to comprehensively investigate the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the marine sediments from the European Baltic and North Seas, Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas. The concentrations of ∑18PAHs in the samples from these four seas were in the range of 0.91–5361 ng/g dry weight (dw), 0.46–227 ng/g dw, 25.0–308 ng/g dw and 4.3–659 ng/g dw, respectively. 4-rings PAHs, e.g., fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthene, were commonly the dominant compounds in all the samples. The PAH sources were identified via composition patterns, diagnostic ratios, principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF). Coal combustion, vehicular emission, coke plant and petroleum residue were apportioned as the main sources in these marine sediments. However, through PMF modeling, different contributions of these sources were quantified to the deposited PAHs in the seas, suggesting distinct anthropogenic impacts on the adjacent marine system. It is note-worthy that biomass combustion may not be the main source of PAHs in the majority of sediments from these seas. This was evidenced by the ratios of naphthalene against its methylated derivatives (i.e. 1-,2-methylnaphthalenes) other than the composition pattern in the samples, of which the approach is in prospect of developing in future studies.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139535} (DOI). Wang, P.; Mi, W.; Xie, Z.; Tang, J.; Apel, C.; Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.; Zhang, Q.: Overall comparison and source identification of PAHs in the sediments of European Baltic and North Seas, Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas. Science of the Total Environment. 2020. vol. 737, 139535. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139535}} @misc{petj_overview_integrative_2020, author={Petäjä, T., Duplissy, E., Tabakova, K., Ebinghaus, R., Xie, Z.}, title={Overview: Integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments (iCUPE) – concept and initial results}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8551-2020}, abstract = {The role of polar regions is increasing in terms of megatrends such as globalization, new transport routes, demography, and the use of natural resources with consequent effects on regional and transported pollutant concentrations. We set up the ERA-PLANET Strand 4 project “iCUPE – integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments” to provide novel insights and observational data on global grand challenges with an Arctic focus. We utilize an integrated approach combining in situ observations, satellite remote sensing Earth observations (EOs), and multi-scale modeling to synthesize data from comprehensive long-term measurements, intensive campaigns, and satellites to deliver data products, metrics, and indicators to stakeholders concerning the environmental status, availability, and extraction of natural resources in the polar areas. The iCUPE work consists of thematic state-of-the-art research and the provision of novel data in atmospheric pollution, local sources and transboundary transport, the characterization of arctic surfaces and their changes, an assessment of the concentrations and impacts of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants and their cycling, the quantification of emissions from natural resource extraction, and the validation and optimization of satellite Earth observation (EO) data streams. In this paper we introduce the iCUPE project and summarize initial results arising out of the integration of comprehensive in situ observations, satellite remote sensing, and multi-scale modeling in the Arctic context.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8551-2020} (DOI). Petäjä, T.; Duplissy, E.; Tabakova, K.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.: Overview: Integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments (iCUPE) – concept and initial results. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020. vol. 20, no. 14, 8551-8592. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-8551-2020}} @misc{ramacher_contributions_of_2020, author={Ramacher, M.O.P., Matthias, V., Aulinger, A., Quante, M., Bieser, J., Karl, M.}, title={Contributions of traffic and shipping emissions to city-scale NOx and PM2.5 exposure in Hamburg}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117674}, abstract = {We investigated the contribution of road traffic and shipping related emissions of NO2 and PM2.5 to total air quality and annual mean population exposure in Hamburg 2012. For this purpose, we compiled a detailed emission inventory following SNAP categories focusing on the detailed representations of road traffic and shipping emissions. The emission inventory was applied to a global-to-local Chemistry Transport Model (CTM) system to simulate hourly NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations with a horizontal grid resolution of 500 m. To simulate urban-scale pollutant concentrations we used the coupled prognostic meteorological and chemistry transport model TAPM. The comparison of modelled to measured hourly values gives high correlation and small bias at urban and background stations but large underestimations of NO2 and PM2.5 at measurements stations near roads. Simulated contributions of road traffic emissions to annual mean concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 is highest close to highways with relative contributions of 50% for NO2 and 40% for PM2.5. Nevertheless, the urban domain is widely affected by road traffic, especially in the city centre. Shipping impact focuses on the port and nearby industrial areas with contributions of up to 60% for NO2 and 40% for PM2.5. In residential areas in the north of the port, shipping contributes with up to 20–30% for NO2 and PM2.5. Our simulation resulted in 14% of the population of Hamburg being exposed to hourly NO2 concentration above the hourly limit of 200 μg/m³, <1% to annual NO2 concentrations above the annual limit of 40 μg/m³, and 39% to PM2.5 concentrations above the annual WHO limit of 10 μg/m³. The calculation of the population-weighted mean exposure (PWE) to NO2 and PM2.5 reveals mean exposures of 20.51 μg/m³ for NO2 and 9.42 μg/m³ for PM2.5. In terms of PWE to NO2, traffic contributes 22.7% to the total and is 1.6 times higher than the contribution of shipping (13.9%). In total, traffic and shipping contribute with 36.6% to the NO2 PWE in Hamburg in 2012. When it comes to PM2.5, traffic contributes 18.1% and is 5.3 times higher than the contribution from shipping (3.4%). In total, traffic and shipping contribute 21.5% to the PM2.5 PWE in Hamburg in 2012. Two local scenarios for emissions reductions have been applied. A scenario simulating decrease in shipping emissions by instalment of on-shore electricity for ships at berth, revealed reduction potentials of up to 40% for total NO2 exposure and 35% for PM2.5 respectively. A road traffic scenario simulating a change in the fleet composition in an inner city zone, shows lower reduction potentials of up to 18% for total exposure to NO2 and 7% for PM2.5 respectively. The discussion of uncertainties revealed high potentials for improving the emission inventories, chemical transport simulation setup and exposure estimates. Due to the use of exposure calculations for policy support and in health-effect studies, it is indispensable to reduce and quantify uncertainties in future studies.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117674} (DOI). Ramacher, M.; Matthias, V.; Aulinger, A.; Quante, M.; Bieser, J.; Karl, M.: Contributions of traffic and shipping emissions to city-scale NOx and PM2.5 exposure in Hamburg. Atmospheric Environment. 2020. vol. 237, 117674. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117674}} @misc{yang_persulfatebased_degradation_2020, author={Yang, L., He, L., Xue, J., Ma, Y., Xie, Z., Wu, L., Huang, M., Zhang, Z.}, title={Persulfate-based degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in aqueous solution: Review on influences, mechanisms and prospective}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122405}, abstract = {Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) have attracted global attention due to their chemical durability, wide distribution, biotoxicity and bioaccumulative properties. Persulfate is a promising alternative to H2O2 for advanced oxidation processes and effective for organic removal. In this review, persulfate activation methods and operational factors in persulfate-based PFOA / PFOS degradation are analyzed and summarized. Moreover, the decomposing mechanisms of PFOA and PFOS are outlined in terms of molecular structures based a series of proposed pathways. PFOS could be converted to PFOA with the attack of SO4− and OH. And then PFOA defluorination occurs with one CF2 unit missing in each round and the similar procedure would occur continuously with sufficient SO4− and OH until entire decomposition. In addition, several knowledge gaps and research needs for further in-depth studies are identified. This review provides an overview for better understanding of the mechanisms and prospects in persulfate-based degradation of PFOA and PFOS.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122405} (DOI). Yang, L.; He, L.; Xue, J.; Ma, Y.; Xie, Z.; Wu, L.; Huang, M.; Zhang, Z.: Persulfate-based degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in aqueous solution: Review on influences, mechanisms and prospective. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020. vol. 393, 122405. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122405}} @misc{han_spatial_and_2020, author={Han, X., Xie, Z., Tian, Y., Yan, W., Miao, L., Zhang, L., Zhu, X., Xu, W.}, title={Spatial and seasonal variations of organic corrosion inhibitors in the Pearl River, South China: Contributions of sewage discharge and urban rainfall runoff}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114321}, abstract = {While organic corrosion inhibitors are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, knowledge on their occurrence, sources and transport in urban surface water is still scarce. In this study, the spatial and seasonal variations of organic corrosion inhibitors and their potential sources were investigated in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), one of the most highly urbanized watersheds in China. A total of 8 compounds belonging to benzothiazole (BTH) and benzotriazole (BTR) groups respectively, were identified in the Pearl River. In addition, there were clear spatial and temporal differentiations in the concentration profiles. The dry season provided higher concentrations of BTH (213–1082 ng L−1) and BTR (112–1279 ng L−1) compared to the wet season (30–574 ng L−1 for BTH and 23–482 ng L−1for BTR), indicating a dominant process of dilution. Remarkably higher concentrations and similar composition features of targets were observed in the effluent samples from two sewage treatment plants (STPs). Our study indicated that rainfall runoff from urban traffic roads during wet season may also be an important contributor to the Pearl River water environment. The annual total mass loading of corrosion inhibitors from the main channel of the Pearl River is 53.2 tons and exhibited strong seasonal variation. Effluents discharge from STPs and urban rainfall runoff from traffic roads are main sources of corrosion inhibitors to the Pearl River.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114321} (DOI). Han, X.; Xie, Z.; Tian, Y.; Yan, W.; Miao, L.; Zhang, L.; Zhu, X.; Xu, W.: Spatial and seasonal variations of organic corrosion inhibitors in the Pearl River, South China: Contributions of sewage discharge and urban rainfall runoff. Environmental Pollution. 2020. vol. 262, 114321. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114321}} @misc{silvacampos_effect_of_2020, author={Silva Campos, M.R., Blawert, C., Mendis, C.L., Mohedano, M., Zimmermann, T., Proefrock, D., Zheludkevich, M.L., Kainer, K.U.}, title={Effect of Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behavior of Mg-10Gd Alloy in 0.5% NaCl Solution}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00084}, abstract = {In 0.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution, Mg-10Gd alloy shows promising corrosion resistance. The microstructure of this alloy was modified via heat treatments to understand the effect of accompanying microstructural changes on the corrosion resistance. It was found that corrosion performance depends both on the amount and the distribution of the cathodic intermetallic phases. The T4 heat treatment (24 h at 540°C) caused the Gd to distribute uniformly in the matrix, which had positive effect on corrosion resistance showing a delay in the time required for the first observation of localized corrosion. The T4 heat treated specimens, specimens aged at 200°C and 300°C, showed relatively uniform degradation and thus these heat treatments are not detrimental in terms of corrosion resistance. In contrast, heat treatment at 400°C seems to increase the formation of small cuboidal particles rich in Gd, most likely to be GdH2 particles, in the matrix, resulting in a detrimental effect on the corrosion behavior.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00084} (DOI). Silva Campos, M.; Blawert, C.; Mendis, C.; Mohedano, M.; Zimmermann, T.; Proefrock, D.; Zheludkevich, M.; Kainer, K.: Effect of Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behavior of Mg-10Gd Alloy in 0.5% NaCl Solution. Frontiers in Materials. 2020. vol. 7, 84. DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2020.00084}} @misc{tang_the_impact_2020, author={Tang, L., Ramacher, M.O.P., Moldanova, J., Matthias, V., Karl, M., Johansson, L., Jalkanen, J.-P., Yaramenka, K., Aulinger, A., Gustafsson, M.}, title={The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part 1: 2012 emissions}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7509-2020}, abstract = {Based on the modelled local and regional shipping contributions, the health effects of PM2.5, NO2 and ozone were assessed using the ALPHA-RiskPoll (ARP) model. An effect of the shipping-associated PM2.5 exposure in the modelled area was a mean decrease in the life expectancy by 0.015 years per person. The relative contribution of local shipping to the impact of total PM2.5 was 2.2 %, which can be compared to the 5.3 % contribution from local road traffic. The relative contribution of the regional shipping was 10.3 %. The mortalities due to the exposure to NO2 associated with shipping were calculated to be 2.6 premature deaths yr−1. The relative contribution of local and regional shipping to the total exposure to NO2 in the reference simulation was 14 % and 21 %, respectively. The shipping-related ozone exposures were due to the NO titration effect leading to a negative number of premature deaths. Our study shows that overall health impacts of regional shipping can be more significant than those of local shipping, emphasizing that abatement policy options on city-scale air pollution require close cooperation across governance levels. Our findings indicate that the strengthened Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECAs) fuel sulphur limit from 1 % to 0.1 % in 2015, leading to a strong decrease in the formation of secondary particulate matter on a regional scale was an important step in improving the air quality in the city.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7509-2020} (DOI). Tang, L.; Ramacher, M.; Moldanova, J.; Matthias, V.; Karl, M.; Johansson, L.; Jalkanen, J.; Yaramenka, K.; Aulinger, A.; Gustafsson, M.: The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part 1: 2012 emissions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020. vol. 20, no. 12, 7509-7530. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-7509-2020}} @misc{xie_occurrence_of_2020, author={Xie, Z., Wang, Z., Magand, O., Thollot, A., Ebinghaus, R., Mi, W., Dommergue, A.}, title={Occurrence of legacy and emerging organic contaminants in snow at Dome C in the Antarctic}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140200}, abstract = {Concentrations of 9 organophosphate esters (OPEs), 16 perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface snow samples collected at Dome C on the Antarctic Plateau in summer 2016. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tri-n-butylphosphate (TnBP) were the dominant compounds of OPEs, with mean concentrations of 8157 ± 4860, 1128 ± 928 and 1232 ± 1147 pg/L. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, mean: 358 ± 71 pg/L) was the dominant compound of PFASs, and following by perfluoro-n-hexanoic acid (PFHxA, mean: 222 ± 97 pg/L), perfluoro-n-heptanoic acid (PFHpA, 183 ± 60 pg/L) and perfluoro-n-pentanoic acid (PFPeA, 175 ± 105 pg/L). 2-(Heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid (HFPO-DA, mean: 9.2 ± 2.6 pg/L) was determined in the Antarctic for the first time. Significantly positive correlations were observed between HFPO-DA and the short-chain PFASs, implying they have similar emission sources and long-range transport potential. High levels of 2-methylnaphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene, as well as the ratios of PAH congeners indicated PAHs were attributable mostly to combustion origin. Occurrence and profiles of the indicators of OPEs, PFASs and PAHs, as well as air mass back-trajectory analysis provided direct evidences of human activities on Concordia station and posed obvious impacts on local environments in the Antarctic. Nevertheless, the exchange processes among different environmental matrices may drive the long-range transport and redistribution of the legacy and emerging Organic contaminants from coast to inland in the Antarctic.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140200} (DOI). Xie, Z.; Wang, Z.; Magand, O.; Thollot, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Mi, W.; Dommergue, A.: Occurrence of legacy and emerging organic contaminants in snow at Dome C in the Antarctic. Science of the Total Environment. 2020. vol. 741, 140200. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140200}} @misc{karl_modeling_of_2020, author={Karl, M., Pirjola, L., Karppinen, A., Jalkanen, J., Ramacher, M., Kukkonen, J.}, title={Modeling of the Concentrations of Ultrafine Particles in the Plumes of Ships in the Vicinity of Major Harbors}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030777}, abstract = {Marine traffic in harbors can be responsible for significant atmospheric concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFPs), which have widely recognized negative effects on human health. It is therefore essential to model and measure the time evolution of the number size distributions and chemical composition of UFPs in ship exhaust to assess the resulting exposure in the vicinity of shipping routes. In this study, a sequential modelling chain was developed and applied, in combination with the data measured and collected in major harbor areas in the cities of Helsinki and Turku in Finland, during winter and summer in 2010–2011. The models described ship emissions, atmospheric dispersion, and aerosol dynamics, complemented with a time–microenvironment–activity model to estimate the short-term UFP exposure. We estimated the dilution ratio during the initial fast expansion of the exhaust plume to be approximately equal to eight. This dispersion regime resulted in a fully formed nucleation mode (denoted as Nuc2). Different selected modelling assumptions about the chemical composition of Nuc2 did not have an effect on the formation of nucleation mode particles. Aerosol model simulations of the dispersing ship plume also revealed a partially formed nucleation mode (Nuc1; peaking at 1.5 nm), consisting of freshly nucleated sulfate particles and condensed organics that were produced within the first few seconds. However, subsequent growth of the new particles was limited, due to efficient scavenging by the larger particles originating from the ship exhaust. The transport of UFPs downwind of the ship track increased the hourly mean UFP concentrations in the neighboring residential areas by a factor of two or more up to a distance of 3600 m, compared with the corresponding UFP concentrations in the urban background. The substantially increased UFP concentrations due to ship traffic significantly affected the daily mean exposures in residential areas located in the vicinity of the harbors.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030777} (DOI). Karl, M.; Pirjola, L.; Karppinen, A.; Jalkanen, J.; Ramacher, M.; Kukkonen, J.: Modeling of the Concentrations of Ultrafine Particles in the Plumes of Ships in the Vicinity of Major Harbors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020. vol. 17, no. 3, 777. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030777}} @misc{ebinghaus_emission_sources_2020, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Emission sources; regional and global distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)}, year={2020}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Grenoble (F);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: Emission sources; regional and global distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). European Research Course on Atmospheres (ERCA). Grenoble (F), 2020.}} @misc{ebinghaus_emission_sources_2020, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Emission sources; regional and global distribution of atmospheric mercury}, year={2020}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Grenoble (F);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: Emission sources; regional and global distribution of atmospheric mercury. European Research Course on Atmospheres (ERCA). Grenoble (F), 2020.}} @misc{custodio_source_apportionment_2020, author={Custodio, D., Ebinghaus, R., Spain, T., Bieser, J.}, title={Source apportionment of atmospheric mercury in the remote marine atmosphere: Mace Head GAW station, Irish western coast}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7929-2020}, abstract = {Using a stereo algorithm we reconstructed 99.9 % of the atmospheric mercury. A conservative analysis demonstrated no decrease in total gaseous mercury (TGM) associated with atmospheric species typically used as tracers for oceanic emissions. The results show that the atmospheric mercury mass is mainly loaded in a baseline factor with an ongoing decline. Moreover, we exploit temporal variation and wind pattern effects in the measured atmospheric species; the results show that the diurnal variation and seasonality in TGM observed in Mace Head are closely related to other species linked to primary sources and can be explained by transport from continental areas.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7929-2020} (DOI). Custodio, D.; Ebinghaus, R.; Spain, T.; Bieser, J.: Source apportionment of atmospheric mercury in the remote marine atmosphere: Mace Head GAW station, Irish western coast. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020. vol. 20, no. 13, 7929-7939. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-7929-2020}} @misc{reese_characterization_of_2020, author={Reese, A., Voigt, N., Zimmermann, T., Irrgeher, J., Proefrock, D.}, title={Characterization of alloying components in galvanic anodes as potential environmental tracers for heavy metal emissions from offshore wind structures}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127182}, abstract = {The impact of offshore constructions on the marine environment is unknown in many aspects. The application of Al- and Zn-based galvanic anodes as corrosion protection results in the continuous emission of inorganic matter (e.g. >80 kg Al-anode material per monopile foundation and year) into the marine environment. To identify tracers for emissions from offshore wind structures, anode materials (Al-based and Zn-based) were characterized for their elemental and isotopic composition. An acid digestion and analysis method for Al and Zn alloys was adapted and validated using the alloy CRMs ERM®-EB317 (AlZn6CuMgZr) and ERM®-EB602 (ZnAl4Cu1). Digests were measured for their elemental composition by ICP-MS/MS and for their Pb isotope ratios by MC ICP-MS. Ga and In were identified as potential tracers. Moreover, a combined tracer approach of the elements Al, Zn, Ga, Cd, In and Pb together with Pb isotope ratios is suggested for a reliable identification of offshore-wind-farm-induced emissions. In the Al anodes, the mass fractions were found to be >94.4% of Al, >26200 mg kg−1 of Zn, >78.5 mg kg−1 of Ga, >0.255 mg kg−1 of Cd, >143 mg kg−1 of In and >6.7 mg kg−1 of Pb. The Zn anodes showed mass fractions of >2160 mg kg−1 of Al, >94.5% of Zn, >1.31 mg kg−1 of Ga, >254 mg kg−1 of Cd, >0.019 mg kg−1 of In and >14.1 mg kg−1 of Pb. The n(208Pb)/n(206Pb) isotope ratios in Al anodes range from 2.0619 to 2.0723, whereas Zn anodes feature n(208Pb)/n(206Pb) isotope ratios ranging from 2.0927 to 2.1263.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127182} (DOI). Reese, A.; Voigt, N.; Zimmermann, T.; Irrgeher, J.; Proefrock, D.: Characterization of alloying components in galvanic anodes as potential environmental tracers for heavy metal emissions from offshore wind structures. Chemosphere. 2020. vol. 257, 127182. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127182}} @misc{hildebrandt_a_nanoplastic_2020, author={Hildebrandt, L., Mitrano, D., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D.}, title={A Nanoplastic Sampling and Enrichment Approach by Continuous Flow Centrifugation}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00089}, abstract = {Substantial efforts have been undertaken to isolate and characterize plastic contaminants in different sample matrices in the last years as the ubiquitous presence of particulate plastic in the environment has become evident. In comparison, plastic particles <1 µm (nanoplastic) in the environment remain mostly unexplored. Adequate techniques for the enrichment, as well as the detection of nanoplastic, are lacking but are urgently needed to assess the full scope of (potential) nanoplastic pollution. Use of Pd-doped nanoplastic particles constitutes a powerful tool to develop new analytical approaches, as they can be traced accurately and with ease in a variety of complex matrices by highly sensitive, time-efficient and robust ICP-MS(/MS) techniques. In this lab-scale study, for the first time, the capability of continuous flow centrifugation to retain nanoplastic particles (∼160 nm) from ultrapure water, as well as from filtered and unfiltered water from the German Elbe River was evaluated. Depending on the pump rate, the retention efficiency for the nanoplastic particles in ultrapure water ranged from 92% ± 8% (1 L h−1) to 53% ± 5% (5 L h−1) [uc (n = 3)] and from 75% ± 5% to 65% ± 6% (uc) (2.5 L h−1) in river water. Recirculating the water through the system two and three times at the highest tested flow rate led to retention efficiencies >90%. In a proof-of-principle setup, it was demonstrated that operating two continuous flow centrifuges sequentially at different rotational speeds bears the potential to enable size- and density-selective sampling of the colloidal fraction. A significant fraction of the spiked nanoplastic particles [76% ± 5% (uc)] could be separated from a model mixture of natural particles with a well-defined mean size of approximately 3 µm. While the certified reference plankton material used here was quantitatively retained in the first centrifuge rotor together with 23.0% ± 2.2% of the effective dose of the spiked nanoplastic, the remaining fraction of the nanoplastic could be recovered in the second rotor (53% ± 5%) and the effluent [24.4% ± 2.4% (uc)]. Based on the good retention efficiencies and the demonstrated separation potential, continuous flow centrifugation has proven to be a very promising technique for nanoplastic sampling and enrichment from natural water samples.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00089} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Mitrano, D.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: A Nanoplastic Sampling and Enrichment Approach by Continuous Flow Centrifugation. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2020. vol. 8, 89. DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2020.00089}} @misc{zhao_paes_and_2020, author={Zhao, X., Jin, H., Ji, Z., Li, D., Kaw, H., Chen, J., Xie, Z., Zhang, T.}, title={PAES and PAHs in the surface sediments of the East China Sea: Occurrence, distribution and influence factors}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134763}, abstract = {A total of 29 sediment samples were collected from the East China Sea (ECS), with the Yangtze River estuary and the Zhejiang costal area. These sediment samples were analyzed for 6 phthalate esters (PAEs) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): the ΣPAEs and ΣPAHs concentrations ranged between 1649.5 and 8451.5 ng g−1 (mean = 3446.3 ng g−1) and 57.5–364.5 ng g−1 (mean = 166.2 ng g−1), respectively. Overall, the PAEs and PAHs concentrations gradually decreasing in the offshore and southward directions: their compositions and distributions suggest they could have mainly derived from the Yangtze River. In particular, their distribution was influenced by the sources’ proximity, hydrodynamics, and sediment geochemistry (i.e., TOC content and grain size). A classical two-end member model was utilized to estimate the fraction of terrestrial organic carbon in the sediments of the ECS. When the sediment was dominated by terrestrial-derived organic matter (OM), the concentrations of PAEs and PAHs were significantly correlated to the TOC content and gran size of the sediments. In contrast, the poor correlation of TOC content and grain size with PAEs in those sediments dominated by marine-derived OM, implied that the distribution of PAEs in the ECS was mainly related to land-based inputs, (especially to that of the Yangtze River). Regardless of the origin of most of the OM contained in the sediments, we observed positive correlations between the TOC content, and grain size of those containing PAHs. These results suggest that the distribution of PAHs in the ECS was not only related to the Yangtze River input, but also to the geochemical characteristics of the sediments.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134763} (DOI). Zhao, X.; Jin, H.; Ji, Z.; Li, D.; Kaw, H.; Chen, J.; Xie, Z.; Zhang, T.: PAES and PAHs in the surface sediments of the East China Sea: Occurrence, distribution and influence factors. Science of the Total Environment. 2020. vol. 703, 134763. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134763}} @misc{zimmermann_zinc_isotopic_2020, author={Zimmermann, T., Mohammed, F., Reese, A., Wieser, M., Kleeberg, U., Pröfrock, D., Irrgeher, J.}, title={Zinc isotopic variation of water and surface sediments from the German Elbe River}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135219}, abstract = {Recent studies suggested the use of the isotopic composition of Zn as a possible tracer for anthropogenic Zn emissions. Nevertheless, studies mainly focused on sampling areas of a few km2 with well-characterized anthropogenic Zn emissions. In contrast, this study focused on analyzing a large sample set of water and sediment samples taken throughout the course of the Elbe River, a large, anthropogenically impacted river system located in Central Europe. The primary objective was to evaluate the use of the isotopic composition of Zn to trace anthropogenic Zn emission on a large regional scale. In total 18 water and 26 surface sediment samples were investigated, covering the complete course of over 700 km of the German Elbe between the German/Czech border and the German North Sea, including six tributaries. Stable isotope abundance ratios of Zn were assessed by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC ICP-MS) in water filtrates (<0.45 µm) and total digests of the sieved surface sediment fraction (<63 µm) after analyte/matrix separation using Bio-Rad AG MP-1 resin via a micro-column approach and application of a 64Zn/67Zn double spike. Measured isotopic compositions of δ66Zn/64ZnIRMM-3702 ranged from −0.10 ‰ to 0.32 ‰ for sediment samples, and from −0.51 ‰ to 0.45 ‰ for water samples. In comparison to historical data some tributaries still feature high mass fractions of anthropogenic Zn (e.g. Mulde, Triebisch) combined with δ66Zn/64ZnIRMM-3702 values higher than the lithogenic background. The dissolved δ66Zn/64ZnIRMM-3702 values showed a potential correlation with pH. Our results indicate that biogeochemical processes like absorption may play a key role in natural Zn isotopic fractionation making it difficult to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic processes.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135219} (DOI). Zimmermann, T.; Mohammed, F.; Reese, A.; Wieser, M.; Kleeberg, U.; Pröfrock, D.; Irrgeher, J.: Zinc isotopic variation of water and surface sediments from the German Elbe River. Science of the Total Environment. 2020. vol. 707, 135219. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135219}} @misc{zimmermann_substituting_hf_2020, author={Zimmermann, T., von der Au, M., Reese, A., Klein, O., Hildebrandt, L., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Substituting HF by HBF4 – an optimized digestion method for multi-elemental sediment analysis via ICP-MS/MS}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01049A}, abstract = {Determination of elemental mass fractions in sediments plays a major role in evaluating the environmental status of aquatic ecosystems. Herewith, the optimization of a new total digestion protocol and the subsequent analysis of 48 elements in different sediment reference materials (NIST SRM 2702, GBW 07313, GBW 07311 and JMC-2) based on ICP-MS/MS detection is presented. The developed method applies microwave acid digestion and utilizes HBF4 as fluoride source for silicate decomposition. Similar to established protocols based on HF, HBF4 ensures the dissolution of the silicate matrix, as well as other refractory oxides. As HBF4 is not acutely toxic; no special precautions have to be made and digests can be directly measured via ICP-MS without specific sample inlet systems, evaporation steps or the addition of e.g. H3BO3, in order to mask excess HF. Different acid mixtures with and without HBF4 were evaluated in terms of digestion efficiency based on the trace metal recovery. The optimized protocol (5 mL HNO3, 2 mL HCL, 1 mL HBF4) allows a complete dissolution of the analyzed reference materials, as well as quantitative recoveries for a wide variety of certified analytes. Low recoveries for e.g. Sr, Ba and rare earth elements due to fluoride precipitation of HF-based digestions protocols, can be avoided by the usage of HBF4 instead. Based on the usage of high purity HBF4 all relevant trace, as well as matrix elements can be analyzed with sufficiently low LOQs (0.002 μg L−1 for U up to 6.7 μg L−1 for Al). In total, 34 elements were within a recovery range of 80%–120% for all three analyzed reference materials GBW 07313, GBW 07311 and JMC-2. 14 elements were outside a recovery range of 80%–120% for at least one of the analyzed reference materials.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01049A} (DOI). Zimmermann, T.; von der Au, M.; Reese, A.; Klein, O.; Hildebrandt, L.; Pröfrock, D.: Substituting HF by HBF4 – an optimized digestion method for multi-elemental sediment analysis via ICP-MS/MS. Analytical Methods. 2020. vol. 12, no. 30, 3778-3787. DOI: 10.1039/D0AY01049A}} @misc{quante_entwicklung_und_2020, author={Quante, M., Zakrzweski, R.}, title={Entwicklung und Grenzen der Wettervorhersage}, year={2020}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Lüneburg (D);}, note = {Quante, M.; Zakrzweski, R.: Entwicklung und Grenzen der Wettervorhersage. Geographisches Kolloquium WS 2019/20; Institut für Stadt- und Kulturraumforschung; Leuphana Universität Lüneburg. Lüneburg (D), 2020.}} @misc{ramacher_integrating_modes_2020, author={Ramacher, M.O.P., Karl, M.}, title={Integrating Modes of Transport in a Dynamic Modelling Approach to Evaluate Population Exposure to Ambient NO2 and PM2.5 Pollution in Urban Areas}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062099}, abstract = {To evaluate the effectiveness of alternative policies and measures to reduce air pollution effects on urban citizen’s health, population exposure assessments are needed. Due to road traffic emissions being a major source of emissions and exposure in European cities, it is necessary to account for differentiated transport environments in population dynamics for exposure studies. In this study, we applied a modelling system to evaluate population exposure in the urban area of Hamburg in 2016. The modeling system consists of an urban-scale chemistry transport model to account for ambient air pollutant concentrations and a dynamic time-microenvironment-activity (TMA) approach, which accounts for population dynamics in different environments as well as for infiltration of outdoor to indoor air pollution. We integrated different modes of transport in the TMA approach to improve population exposure assessments in transport environments. The newly developed approach reports 12% more total exposure to NO2 and 19% more to PM2.5 compared with exposure estimates based on residential addresses. During the time people spend in different transport environments, the in-car environment contributes with 40% and 33% to the annual sum of exposure to NO2 and PM2.5, in the walking environment with 26% and 30%, in the cycling environment with 15% and 17% and other environments (buses, subway, suburban, and regional trains) with less than 10% respectively. The relative contribution of road traffic emissions to population exposure is highest in the in-car environment (57% for NO2 and 15% for PM2.5). Results for population-weighted exposure revealed exposure to PM2.5 concentrations above the WHO AQG limit value in the cycling environment. Uncertainties for the exposure contributions arising from emissions and infiltration from outdoor to indoor pollutant concentrations range from −12% to +7% for NO2 and PM2.5. The developed “dynamic transport approach” is integrated in a computationally efficient exposure model, which is generally applicable in European urban areas. The presented methodology is promoted for use in urban mobility planning, e.g., to investigate on policy-driven changes in modal split and their combined effect on emissions, population activity and population exposure.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062099} (DOI). Ramacher, M.; Karl, M.: Integrating Modes of Transport in a Dynamic Modelling Approach to Evaluate Population Exposure to Ambient NO2 and PM2.5 Pollution in Urban Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020. vol. 17, no. 6, 2099. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062099}} @misc{zhang_bioaccumulation_and_2020, author={Zhang, L., Yan, W., Xie, Z., Cai, G., Mi, W., Xu, W.}, title={Bioaccumulation and changes of trace metals over the last two decades in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.05.007}, abstract = {Trace metal (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) exposures, distribution and bioaccumulation were investigated in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China. The results showed that all of the selected metals were observed in marine organisms with a predomination of Cu and Zn. The metal exposure levels exhibited obvious variations between species with the decreasing order of crab>shellfish>shrimp>fish. The higher metals enrichment seen in shellfish and crab species primarily attributed to their living habits and the higher sediment background values of trace metals. Endpoint bioaccumulation factor (BAFfd) was used to characterize the bioaccumulation potentials of marine organisms to trace metals, of which Cu and Zn were the most accumulated elements. The exposure of trace metals in the cultured organisms was far lower than those in wild marine organisms, which is probably due to the effect of growth dilution. Comparisons with previous studies demonstrated that the concentration profiles of most trace metals declined over the last one to two decades, except Cu, that increased indistinctively.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.05.007} (DOI). Zhang, L.; Yan, W.; Xie, Z.; Cai, G.; Mi, W.; Xu, W.: Bioaccumulation and changes of trace metals over the last two decades in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2020. vol. 98, 103-108. DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.05.007}} @misc{huang_human_exposure_2020, author={Huang, T., Ling, Z., Ma, J., Macdonald, R., Gao, H., Tao, S., Tian, C., Song, S., Jiang, W., Chen, L., Chen, K., Xie, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhao, L., Gu, C., Mao, X.}, title={Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls embodied in global fish trade}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0066-1}, abstract = {International food trade poses food safety risks through the collateral transport of contaminants that are harmful to human health. Persistent organic pollutants, such as the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener PCB-153, are consumed via fish intake traded globally, but the estimated daily intake and risk to human health are poorly understood. Using a food trade pathway model, a global-scale atmospheric persistent organic pollutant transport model and UN Global Comtrade data, high PCB exposure was identified in Western Europe. Marine fish exported from Europe to Sub-Saharan African countries account for 84% of PCB-153 consumer exposure. In contrast, European fish consumers face reduced exposure to PCB-153 by consuming marine fish imported from countries where PCB-153 concentrations are low. People consuming aquaculture-farmed salmon fed with marine ingredients from PCB-153-contaminated seawaters face a higher PCB exposure. Our findings demonstrate that global fish trade can exacerbate PCB-153 exposure in regions where environmental PCB-153 levels are low. This approach demonstrates how the exposure to harmful food contaminants distributed through global food trade can be predicted and quantified.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0066-1} (DOI). Huang, T.; Ling, Z.; Ma, J.; Macdonald, R.; Gao, H.; Tao, S.; Tian, C.; Song, S.; Jiang, W.; Chen, L.; Chen, K.; Xie, Z.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, L.; Gu, C.; Mao, X.: Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls embodied in global fish trade. Nature Food. 2020. vol. 1, no. 5, 292-300. DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-0066-1}} @misc{elgareb_microplastics_in_2020, author={El Gareb, F., Hildebrandt, L., Kerstan, A., Zimmermann, T., Emeis, K., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Microplastics in the Indian Ocean - Analyzed by Quantum Cascade laser- based infrared imaging}, year={2020}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual;}, note = {El Gareb, F.; Hildebrandt, L.; Kerstan, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Emeis, K.; Pröfrock, D.: Microplastics in the Indian Ocean - Analyzed by Quantum Cascade laser- based infrared imaging. YOUMARES 11. Virtual, 2020.}} @misc{zhang_sizesegregated_characteristics_2020, author={Zhang, F., Guo, H., Chen, Y., Matthias, V., Zhang, Y., Yang, X., Chen, J.}, title={Size-segregated characteristics of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter in particulate matter (PM) emitted from different types of ships in China}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1549-2020}, abstract = {Studies of detailed chemical compositions in particles with different size ranges emitted from ships are in serious shortage. In this study, size-segregated distributions and characteristics of particle mass, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), 16 EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 25 n-alkanes measured aboard 12 different vessels in China are presented. The results showed the following. (1) More than half of the total particle mass, OC, EC, PAHs and n-alkanes were concentrated in fine particles with aerodynamic diameter (Dp) < 1.1 µm for most of the tested ships. The relative contributions of OC, EC, PAH and alkanes to the size-segregated particle mass are decreasing with the increase in particle size. However, different types of ships showed quite different particle-size-dependent chemical compositions. (2) In fine particles, the OC and EC were the dominant components, while in coarse particles, OC and EC only accounted for very small proportions. With the increase in particle size, the OC / EC ratios first decreased and then increased, having the lowest values for particle sizes between 0.43 and 1.1 µm. (3) Out of the four OC fragments and three EC fragments obtained in thermal–optical analysis, OC1, OC2 and OC3 were the dominant OC fragments for all the tested ships, while EC1 and EC2 were the main EC fragments for ships running on heavy fuel oil (HFO) and marine-diesel fuel, respectively; different OC and EC fragments presented different distributions in different particle sizes. (4) The four-stroke low-power diesel fishing boat (4-LDF) had much higher PAH emission ratios than the four-stroke high-power marine-diesel vessel (4-HMV) and two-stroke high-power heavy-fuel-oil vessel (2-HHV) in fine particles, and 2-HHV had the lowest values. (5) PAHs and n-alkanes showed different profile patterns for different types of ships and also between different particle-size bins, which meant that the particle size should be considered when source apportionment is conducted. It is also noteworthy from the results in this study that the smaller the particle size, the more toxic the particle was, especially for the fishing boats in China.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1549-2020} (DOI). Zhang, F.; Guo, H.; Chen, Y.; Matthias, V.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, X.; Chen, J.: Size-segregated characteristics of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter in particulate matter (PM) emitted from different types of ships in China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020. vol. 20, no. 3, 1549-1564. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-1549-2020}} @misc{neumann_quantifying_the_2020, author={Neumann, D., Karl, M., Radtke, H., Matthias, V., Friedland, R., Neumann, T.}, title={Quantifying the contribution of shipping NOx emissions to the marine nitrogen inventory – a case study for the western Baltic Sea}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-115-2020}, abstract = {The western Baltic Sea is impacted by various anthropogenic activities and stressed by high riverine and atmospheric nutrient loads. Atmospheric deposition accounts for up to a third of the nitrogen input into the Baltic Sea and contributes to eutrophication. Amongst other emission sources, the shipping sector is a relevant contributor to the atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOX) in marine regions. Thus, it also contributes to atmospheric deposition of bioavailable oxidized nitrogen into the Baltic Sea. In this study, the contribution of shipping emissions to the nitrogen budget in the western Baltic Sea is evaluated with the coupled three-dimensional physical biogeochemical model MOM–ERGOM (Modular Ocean Model–Ecological ReGional Ocean Model) in order to assess the relevance of shipping emissions for eutrophication. The atmospheric input of bioavailable nitrogen impacts eutrophication differently depending on the time and place of input. The shipping sector contributes up to 5 % to the total nitrogen concentrations in the water. The impact of shipping-related nitrogen is highest in the offshore regions distant from the coast in early summer, but its contribution is considerably reduced during blooms of cyanobacteria in late summer because the cyanobacteria fix molecular nitrogen. Although absolute shipping-related total nitrogen concentrations are high in some coastal regions, the relative contribution of the shipping sector is low in the vicinity of the coast because of high riverine nutrient loads.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-115-2020} (DOI). Neumann, D.; Karl, M.; Radtke, H.; Matthias, V.; Friedland, R.; Neumann, T.: Quantifying the contribution of shipping NOx emissions to the marine nitrogen inventory – a case study for the western Baltic Sea. Ocean Science. 2020. vol. 16, no. 1, 115-134. DOI: 10.5194/os-16-115-2020}} @misc{ramacher_population_exposure_2020, author={Ramacher, M., Karl, M., Aulinger, A., Bieser, J.}, title={Population Exposure to Emissions from Industry, Traffic, Shipping and Residential Heating in the Urban Area of Hamburg}, year={2020}, howpublished = {conference paper: ;}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22055-6_28}, abstract = {This study investigates the contributions of four major emission sources—industry, road traffic, shipping and residential heating—on air quality in the harbour city of Hamburg using a local-scale modelling system comprising meteorological, emissions and chemical transport models. Moreover, human exposure with regard to the overall air quality and the emissions sources under investigation was calculated. Based on detailed emission inventories and an evaluated CTM system, this study identifies road traffic as a major source of PM2.5 pollution and exposure during the entire year and in almost all populated areas in Hamburg. Overall, the highest contributor to PM2.5 concentrations is the industrial sector focussing on less populated areas.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22055-6_28} (DOI). Ramacher, M.; Karl, M.; Aulinger, A.; Bieser, J.: Population Exposure to Emissions from Industry, Traffic, Shipping and Residential Heating in the Urban Area of Hamburg. In: Mensink C.; Gong W.; Hakami A. (Ed.): Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVI. ITM 2018. Springer Proceedings in Complexity. Cham: Springer. 2020. 177-183. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22055-6_28}} @misc{hildebrandt_fast_automated_2020, author={Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Emeis, K., Pröfrock, D., Kerstan, A.}, title={Fast, Automated Microplastics Analysis Using Laser Direct Chemical Imaging : Characterizing and quantifying microplastics in water samples from marine environments}, year={2020}, howpublished = {Other: other}, abstract = {It is estimated that more than 75% of the 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic produced over the last 65 years have turned into waste (1). Up to 13 million metric tons of this waste ends up in the ocean every year (2) and recent calculations estimate that more than 5.25 trillion plastic particles float in the world’s oceans (3). Scientists have demonstrated the alarming environmental ubiquity and persistence of particulate plastic in aquatic ecosystems (4). Models predict that approximately 14% of the plastic debris in the ocean surface layer can be classified as so-called microplastics (often referred to as particles between 1 μm and 5 mm in size) (5). These ingestible and potentially harmful particles have been formed by UV-induced, mechanical, or biological degradation of larger debris items (6). To verify the estimates and to meet upcoming regulatory measures (e.g., California Senate Bill 1422) and directives (MSFD, 2008/56/EC), accurate, time-efficient, and robust analytical workflows and techniques are required.}, note = {Hildebrandt, L.; El Gareb, F.; Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.; Emeis, K.; Pröfrock, D.; Kerstan, A.: Fast, Automated Microplastics Analysis Using Laser Direct Chemical Imaging : Characterizing and quantifying microplastics in water samples from marine environments. 2020.}} @misc{zimmermann_nontraditional_stable_2020, author={Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Reese, A., Wieser, M., Mohamed, F., Irrgeher, J., Pröfrock, D.}, title={“Non-Traditional” Stable Isotope Analysis as Tracer so Identify Sources and Sinks of Inorganic Contaminants in Riverine Environments}, year={2020}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual;}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.3228}, abstract = {Our results clearly indicate that the exclusive focus on the quantitative analysis of metal contamination within the context of environmental research provides only limited information. The progress achieved in isotope ratio analysis over the last decade therefore opens valuable additional information for environmental scientists.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.3228} (DOI). Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.; Reese, A.; Wieser, M.; Mohamed, F.; Irrgeher, J.; Pröfrock, D.: “Non-Traditional” Stable Isotope Analysis as Tracer so Identify Sources and Sinks of Inorganic Contaminants in Riverine Environments. Goldschmidt 2020. Virtual, 2020. DOI: 10.46427/gold2020.3228}} @misc{zimmermann_boron_and_2020, author={Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Reese, A., Irrgeher, J., Pröfrock, D.}, title={Boron and strontium isotope ratio analysis of the Rhine river – tracer for anthropogenic boron emissions?}, year={2020}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Münster (DEU);}, abstract = {The combination of Sr and B isotopic compositions can be used to distinguish different inputs into a complex river system, and can therefore provide a better insight into possible sources and distribution of anthropogenic B inputs.}, note = {Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.; Reese, A.; Irrgeher, J.; Pröfrock, D.: Boron and strontium isotope ratio analysis of the Rhine river – tracer for anthropogenic boron emissions?. 53rd Annual Conference of the German Society for Mass Spectrometry DGMS including 27th ICP-MS User´s Meeting. Münster (DEU), 2020.}} @misc{zhang_influence_of_2020, author={Zhang, X., Karl, M., Zhang, L., Wang, J.}, title={Influence of Aviation Emission on the Particle Number Concentration near Zurich Airport}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02249}, abstract = {In addition to the much-publicized environmental impact of CO2 emission by air traffic, aviation particulate emission also deserves attention. The abundant ultrafine particles in the aviation exhaust with diameters less than 100 nm may penetrate deep into the human respiratory system and cause adverse health effects. Here, we quantified the detailed aviation particle number emission from Zurich Airport and evaluated its influences on the annual mean particle number concentrations in the surrounding communities. The actual flight trajectory data were utilized for the first time to develop an emission inventory with high spatial resolution. The estimated total particle number emission was in the magnitude of 1024 particles per year. The annual mean particle mass concentrations in the nearby communities were increased by about 0.1 μg m–3 due to the aviation emission, equivalent to about 1% of the background concentration. However, the particle number concentration could be increased by a factor of 2–10 of the background level (104 cm–3) for nearby communities. Further studies are required to investigate the health effects of the increased particle number concentration and to evaluate whether the regulation based on the mass concentration is still sufficient for the air quality near airports.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02249} (DOI). Zhang, X.; Karl, M.; Zhang, L.; Wang, J.: Influence of Aviation Emission on the Particle Number Concentration near Zurich Airport. Environmental Science and Technology. 2020. vol. 54, no. 22, 14161-14171. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02249}} @misc{lechthaler_canola_oil_2020, author={Lechthaler, S., Hildebrandt, L., Stauch, G., Schüttrumpf, H.}, title={Canola Oil Extraction in Conjunction with a Plastic Free Separation Unit Optimises Microplastics Monitoring in Water and Sediment}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01574A}, abstract = {Microplastics are widely distributed in the environment and to define contamination hot spots, environmental samples have to be analysed by means of cost- as well as time-efficient and reliable standardised protocols. Due to the lipophilic characteristics of plastic, oil extraction as a fast and density-independent separation is beneficial for the crucial extraction step. It was extensively validated (480 experiments) in two test setups by using canola oil and a cost-effective, plastic-free separation unit with spiked microplastic (19 different polymer types) in the density range from ρ = 11 - 1,760 kg/m³ and in the size range from 0.02 mm - 4.4 mm. Thus, an innovative, new method combination was developed and profoundly validated for water and sediment samples using only a short settling time of 15 minutes. Some experiments were also carried out with zinc chloride to obtain additional reference data (particles ≤ 359 µm). The total mean recovery rate was 89.3%, 91.7% within the larger microplastic fraction and 85.7% for the small fraction. Compared to zinc chloride (87.6%), recovery rates differed not significantly with oil (87.1%). Furthermore, size limits were set, since the method works best with particles 0.02 mm ≥ d ≤ 3 mm. The proposed method exhibits higher efficiency (84.8% for 20 - 63 µm) for the potentially most harmful microplastic size fraction than the classic setup using brine solution. As a result, oil is a comparably effective separation medium and offers further advantages for separating water and sediment samples due to its density independence, simple and fast application and environmental friendliness. Based on this, a new extraction protocol is presented here that confirms oil separation as a sound and effective separation in microplastic analysis and identifies previously missing information.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01574A} (DOI). Lechthaler, S.; Hildebrandt, L.; Stauch, G.; Schüttrumpf, H.: Canola Oil Extraction in Conjunction with a Plastic Free Separation Unit Optimises Microplastics Monitoring in Water and Sediment. Analytical Methods. 2020. vol. 12, no. 42, 5128-5139. DOI: 10.1039/D0AY01574A}} @misc{joerss_transport_of_2020, author={Joerss, H., Xie, Z., Wagner, C., von Appen, W., Sunderland, E., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Transport of Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances and the Replacement Compound HFPO-DA through the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean—Is the Arctic a Sink or a Source?}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00228}, abstract = {The spatial distribution of 29 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in seawater was investigated along a sampling transect from Europe to the Arctic and two transects within Fram Strait, located between Greenland and Svalbard, in the summer of 2018. Hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA), a replacement compound for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), was detected in Arctic seawater for the first time. This provides evidence for its long-range transport to remote areas. The total PFAS concentration was significantly enriched in the cold, low-salinity surface water exiting the Arctic compared to warmer, higher-salinity water from the North Atlantic entering the Arctic (260 ± 20 pg/L versus 190 ± 10 pg/L). The higher ratio of perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) to perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) in outflowing water from the Arctic suggests a higher contribution of atmospheric sources compared to ocean circulation. An east–west cross section of the Fram Strait, which included seven depth profiles, revealed higher PFAS concentrations in the surface water layer than in intermediate waters and a negligible intrusion into deep waters (>1000 m). Mass transport estimates indicated a net inflow of PFASs with ≥8 perfluorinated carbons via the boundary currents and a net outflow of shorter-chain homologues. We hypothesize that this reflects higher contributions from atmospheric sources to the Arctic outflow and a higher retention of the long-chain compounds in melting snow and ice.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00228} (DOI). Joerss, H.; Xie, Z.; Wagner, C.; von Appen, W.; Sunderland, E.; Ebinghaus, R.: Transport of Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances and the Replacement Compound HFPO-DA through the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean—Is the Arctic a Sink or a Source?. Environmental Science and Technology. 2020. vol. 54, no. 16, 9958-9967. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00228}} @misc{matthias_modelling_road_2020, author={Matthias, V., Bieser, J., Mocanu, T., Pregger, T., Quante, M., Ramacher, M., Seum, S., Winkler, C.}, title={Modelling road transport emissions in Germany – Current day situation and scenarios for 2040}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536}, abstract = {In the German project Traffic Development and the Environment an advanced model chain was built up that includes traffic models, fleet composition developments, new driving technologies, and emission factors in order to produce spatio-temporal emission distributions for use in atmospheric chemistry transport models. This novel model chain was first used to calculate current day traffic emissions in Germany and then to develop consistent future scenarios for 2040. In all scenarios, NOx emissions from traffic decrease by approximately 80% while PM emissions show a lower reduction. The scenarios Free Play, which is based on a free market economics logic, and Regulated Shift, which considers stricter environmental regulations, represent large differences in traffic emissions. NOx emissions will be 32% lower and PM emissions 13% lower in the Regulated Shift scenario compared to the Free Play. The data can be combined with other anthropogenic emissions for investigating air quality with chemistry transport models.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536} (DOI). Matthias, V.; Bieser, J.; Mocanu, T.; Pregger, T.; Quante, M.; Ramacher, M.; Seum, S.; Winkler, C.: Modelling road transport emissions in Germany – Current day situation and scenarios for 2040. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2020. vol. 87, 102536. DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536}} @misc{hildebrandt_a_metrologically_2020, author={Hildebrandt, L., von der Au, M., Zimmermann, T., Reese, A., Ludwig, J., Pröfrock, D.}, title={A metrologically traceable protocol for the quantification of trace metals in different types of microplastic}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236120}, abstract = {The presence of microplastic (MP) particles in aquatic environments raised concern about possible enrichment of organic and inorganic pollutants due to their specific surface and chemical properties. In particular the role of metals within this context is still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop a fully validated acid digestion protocol for metal analysis in different polymers, which is a prerequisite to study such interactions. The proposed digestion protocol was validated using six different certified reference materials in the microplastic size range consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polyvinyl chloride. As ICP-MS/MS enabled time-efficient, sensitive and robust analysis of 56 metals in one measurement, the method was suitable to provide mass fractions for a multitude of other elements beside the certified ones (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn). Three different microwaves, different acid mixtures as well as different temperatures in combination with different hold times were tested for optimization purposes. With the exception of Cr in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, recovery rates obtained using the optimized protocol for all six certified reference materials fell within a range from 95.9% ± 2.7% to 112% ± 7%. Subsequent optimization further enhanced both precision and recoveries ranging from 103% ± 5% to 107 ± 4% (U; k = 2 (n = 3)) for all certified metals (incl. Cr) in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. The results clearly show the analytical challenges that come along with metal analysis in chemically resistant plastics. Addressing specific analysis tools for different sorption scenarios and processes as well as the underlying kinetics was beyond this study’s scope. However, the future application of the two recommended thoroughly validated total acid digestion protocols as a first step in the direction of harmonization of metal analysis in/on MP will enhance the significance and comparability of the generated data. It will contribute to a better understanding of the role of MP as vector for trace metals in the environment.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236120} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; von der Au, M.; Zimmermann, T.; Reese, A.; Ludwig, J.; Pröfrock, D.: A metrologically traceable protocol for the quantification of trace metals in different types of microplastic. PLoS One. 2020. vol. 15, no. 7, e0236120. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236120}} @misc{joerss_per_und_2020, author={Joerss, H., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen im Rheinverlauf - Vorkommen und Verteilung in Wasser und Sedimenten}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, abstract = {Zur Stoffgruppe der mehr als 4.700 per-und polyfluorierten Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) gehören neben den gut untersuchten und bereits regulierten langkettigen PFAS auch Ersatzstoffe und weitere PFAS, die bislang nicht im Fokus standen. Um dieseSubstanzen im Rheinverlauf zu untersuchen, wurden 29 PFAS in Oberflächenwasser und Sedimenten analysiert. In 50% bzw. 42% der Wasserproben wurde der etherbasierte Er-satzstoff Hexafluorpropylenoxid-Dimersäure (HFPO-DA) und die cyclische Substanz Perfluor-4-ethylcyclohexansulfonsäure (PFECHS) nachgewiesen. Die Konzentration der bislang wenig untersuchten Perfluoralkylphosphinsäure 6:8 PFPiA in den Sedimentproben war vergleichbar mit den Konzentrationen langkettiger PFAS, die 78 ± 8 % der PFAS-Summe aus-machten. Das stellt die Rolle der Sedimente als Senke für langkettige PFAS heraus}, note = {Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen im Rheinverlauf - Vorkommen und Verteilung in Wasser und Sedimenten. Mitteilungen der Fachgruppe Umweltchemie und Ökotoxikologie. 2020. vol. 26, no. 3, 76-80.}} @misc{joerss_per_and_2020, author={Joerss, H., Schramm, T., Sun, L., Guo, C., Tang, J., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Chinese and German river water – Point source- and country-specific fingerprints including unknown precursors}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115567}, abstract = {This study aimed at comparing source-specific fingerprints of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in river water from China and Germany, selected as countries with different histories of PFAS production. Samples were collected from up- and downstream of seven suspected point sources in autumn 2018. Amongst the 29 analyzed legacy and emerging PFASs, 24 were detected, with a sum ranging from 2.7 ng/L (Alz River) to 420,000 ng/L (Xiaoqing River). While mass flow estimates for the Xiaoqing River and Yangtze River (mean: 20 and 43 t/y, respectively) indicated ongoing high emissions of the legacy compound PFOA in China, its ether-based replacements HFPO-DA and DONA showed the highest contribution downstream of a German fluoropolymer manufacturing site (50% and 40% of ΣPFASs measured, respectively). In river water impacted by manufacturing sites for pharmaceutical and pesticide intermediates, the short-chain compound PFBS was the most prevalent substance in both countries. The German Ruhr River, receiving discharges from the electroplating industry, was characterized by the PFOS replacement 6:2 FTSA. Isomer profiling revealed a higher proportion of branched isomers in the Chinese Xi River and Xiaoqing River than in other rivers. This points to different synthesis routes and underlines the importance of differentiating between linear and branched isomers in risks assessments. Upon oxidative conversion in the total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay, the increase of the short-chain compound PFBA was higher in German samples than in Chinese samples (88 ± 30% versus 12 ± 14%), suggesting the presence of a higher proportion of unknown precursors to PFBA in the German environment. Amongst the ether-based replacements, DONA and 6:2 Cl-PFESA were fully or partially degraded to non-targeted oxidation products, whereas HFPO-DA showed no degradation. This indicates that the inclusion of ether-based PFASs and their oxidation products in the TOP assay can help in capturing a larger amount of the unknown PFAS fraction.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115567} (DOI). Joerss, H.; Schramm, T.; Sun, L.; Guo, C.; Tang, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Chinese and German river water – Point source- and country-specific fingerprints including unknown precursors. Environmental Pollution. 2020. vol. 267, 115567. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115567}} @misc{ramacher_the_impact_2020, author={Ramacher, M., Tang, L., Moldanova, J., Matthias, V., Karl, M., Fridell, E., Johansson, L.}, title={The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part II: Scenarios for 2040}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10667-2020}, abstract = {The simulated concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 in future scenarios for the year 2040 are in general very low with up to 4 ppb for NO2 and up to 3.5 µg m−3 PM2.5 in the urban areas which are not close to the port area. From 2012 the simulated overall exposure to PM2.5 decreased by approximately 30 % in simulated future scenarios; for NO2 the decrease was over 60 %. The simulated concentrations of O3 increased from the year 2012 to 2040 by about 20 %. In general, the contributions of local shipping emissions in 2040 focus on the harbour area but to some extent also influence the rest of the city domain. The simulated impact of onshore electricity implementation for shipping in 2040 shows reductions for NO2 in the port of up to 30 %, while increasing O3 of up to 3 %. Implementation of onshore electricity for ships at berth leads to additional local reduction potentials of up to 3 % for PM2.5 and 12 % for SO2 in the port area. All future scenarios show substantial decreases in population-weighted exposure and health-effect impacts.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10667-2020} (DOI). Ramacher, M.; Tang, L.; Moldanova, J.; Matthias, V.; Karl, M.; Fridell, E.; Johansson, L.: The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part II: Scenarios for 2040. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020. vol. 20, no. 17, 10667-10686. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-10667-2020}} @misc{hildebrandt_first_labscale_2020, author={Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., Mitrano, D., Proefrock, D.}, title={First lab-scale feasibility study on the enrichment of nanoplastic particles from water samples by continuous flow centrifugation using metal-doped nanoplastics and ICP-MS/MS detection}, year={2020}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Dublin (IRL);}, note = {Hildebrandt, L.; Zimmermann, T.; Mitrano, D.; Proefrock, D.: First lab-scale feasibility study on the enrichment of nanoplastic particles from water samples by continuous flow centrifugation using metal-doped nanoplastics and ICP-MS/MS detection. SETAC Europe Meeting. Dublin (IRL), 2020.}} @misc{hildebrandt_first_steps_2020, author={Hildebrandt, L., Proefrock, D., Kerstan, A.}, title={First steps in applying Quantum-Cascade-Laser Imaging for microplastic analysis in environmental samples}, year={2020}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Wien (AUT);}, abstract = {Nevertheless, first results show that there are still some challenges to master. Especially, when it comes to the analysis of environmental samples bearing a highly complex matrix. To demonstrate the capabilities of the new QCL system it has been applied for the analysis of suspended particlulate matter sample from the German Elbe River estuary, which have been obtained during the testing of two new water-sampling approaches for microplastic. After an iterative optimization process of the spectral library, first results agree with the results obtained by the FPA-based FTIR approach.}, note = {Hildebrandt, L.; Proefrock, D.; Kerstan, A.: First steps in applying Quantum-Cascade-Laser Imaging for microplastic analysis in environmental samples. 37. Agilent Forum Analytik Wien 2020. Wien (AUT), 2020.}} @misc{ramacher_development_of_2020, author={Ramacher, M.}, title={Development of an urban dynamic exposure model - Quantifying the impact of anthropogenic atmospheric emissions on urban populations in Europe}, year={2020}, howpublished = {doctoral thesis: Universität Hamburg}, note = {Ramacher, M.: Development of an urban dynamic exposure model - Quantifying the impact of anthropogenic atmospheric emissions on urban populations in Europe. Universität Hamburg, 2020.}} @misc{hamer_the_urban_2020, author={Hamer, P.D., Walker, S.-E., Sousa-Santos, G., Vogt, M., Vo-Thanh, D., Lopez-Aparicio, S., Schneider, P., Ramacher, M., Karl, M.}, title={The urban dispersion model EPISODE v10.0 – Part 1: An Eulerian and sub-grid-scale air quality model and its application in Nordic winter conditions}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4323-2020}, abstract = {This paper describes the Eulerian urban dispersion model EPISODE. EPISODE was developed to address a need for an urban air quality model in support of policy, planning, and air quality management in the Nordic, specifically Norwegian, setting. It can be used for the calculation of a variety of airborne pollutant concentrations, but we focus here on the implementation and application of the model for NO2 pollution. EPISODE consists of an Eulerian 3D grid model with embedded sub-grid dispersion models (e.g. a Gaussian plume model) for dispersion of pollution from line (i.e. roads) and point sources (e.g. chimney stacks). It considers the atmospheric processes advection, diffusion, and an NO2 photochemistry represented using the photostationary steady-state approximation for NO2. EPISODE calculates hourly air concentrations representative of the grids and at receptor points. The latter allow EPISODE to estimate concentrations representative of the levels experienced by the population and to estimate their exposure. This methodological framework makes it suitable for simulating NO2 concentrations at fine-scale resolution (<100 m) in Nordic environments. The model can be run in an offline nested mode using output concentrations from a global or regional chemical transport model and forced by meteorology from an external numerical weather prediction model; it also can be driven by meteorological observations. We give a full description of the overall model function and its individual components. We then present a case study for six Norwegian cities whereby we simulate NO2 pollution for the entire year of 2015. The model is evaluated against in situ observations for the entire year and for specific episodes of enhanced pollution during winter. We evaluate the model performance using the FAIRMODE DELTA Tool that utilises traditional statistical metrics, e.g. root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson correlation R, and bias, along with some specialised tests for air quality model evaluation. We find that EPISODE attains the DELTA Tool model quality objective in all of the stations we evaluate against. Further, the other statistical evaluations show adequate model performance but that the model scores greatly improved correlations during winter and autumn compared to the summer. We attribute this to the use of the photostationary steady-state scheme for NO2, which should perform best in the absence of local ozone photochemical production. Oslo does not comply with the NO2 annual limit set in the 2008/50/EC directive (AQD). NO2 pollution episodes with the highest NO2 concentrations, which lead to the occurrence of exceedances of the AQD hourly limit for NO2, occur primarily in the winter and autumn in Oslo, so this strongly supports the use of EPISODE for application to these wintertime events. Overall, we conclude that the model is suitable for an assessment of annual mean NO2 concentrations and also for the study of hourly NO2 concentrations in the Nordic winter and autumn environment. Further, in this work we conclude that it is suitable for a range of policy applications specific to NO2 that include pollution episode analysis, evaluation of seasonal statistics, policy and planning support, and air quality management. Lastly, we identify a series of model developments specifically designed to address the limitations of the current model assumptions. Part 2 of this two-part paper discusses the CityChem extension to EPISODE, which includes a number of implementations such as a more comprehensive photochemical scheme suitable for describing more chemical species and a more diverse range of photochemical environments, as well as a more advanced treatment of the sub-grid dispersion.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4323-2020} (DOI). Hamer, P.; Walker, S.; Sousa-Santos, G.; Vogt, M.; Vo-Thanh, D.; Lopez-Aparicio, S.; Schneider, P.; Ramacher, M.; Karl, M.: The urban dispersion model EPISODE v10.0 – Part 1: An Eulerian and sub-grid-scale air quality model and its application in Nordic winter conditions. Geoscientific Model Development. 2020. vol. 13, no. 9, 4323-4353. DOI: 10.5194/gmd-13-4323-20