@misc{menger_the_complex_2022, author={Menger, F., Joerss, H.}, title={The complex PFAS world - Recent discoveries and novel HRMS-based screening tools}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference poster: Odense (DNK);}, note = {Menger, F.; Joerss, H.: The complex PFAS world - Recent discoveries and novel HRMS-based screening tools. In: NTS workshop on analytical techniques and implementation. Odense (DNK). 2022.}} @misc{custdio_odds_and_2022, author={Custódio, D., Pfaffhuber, K. A., Spain, T. G., Pankratov, F. F., Strigunova, I., Molepo, K., Skov, H., Bieser, J., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Odds and ends of atmospheric mercury in Europe and over the North Atlantic Ocean: temporal trends of 25 years of measurements}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3827-2022}, abstract = {. Concentrations of TGM at remote marine sites were shown to be affected by continental long-range transport, and evaluation of reanalysis back trajectories displays a significant decrease in TGM in continental air masses from Europe in the last 2 decades. In addition, using the relationship between mercury and other atmospheric trace gases that could serve as a source signature, we perform factorization regression analysis, based on positive rotatable factorization to solve probabilistic mass functions. We reconstructed atmospheric mercury concentration and assessed the contribution of the major natural and anthropogenic sources. The results reveal that the observed downward trend in the atmospheric mercury is mainly associated with a factor with a high load of long-lived anthropogenic species.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3827-2022} (DOI). Custódio, D.; Pfaffhuber, K.; Spain, T.; Pankratov, F.; Strigunova, I.; Molepo, K.; Skov, H.; Bieser, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Odds and ends of atmospheric mercury in Europe and over the North Atlantic Ocean: temporal trends of 25 years of measurements. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2022. vol. 22, no. 6, 3827-3840. DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-3827-2022}} @misc{custdio_nearglobal_mapping_2022, author={Custódio, D., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Near-global mapping of TGM based on aircraft measurements from intercontinental flights}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119354}, abstract = {The improved data analysis tools as probability mass factorization methods provide additional insights into the nature of the mercury source that can then guide the development of more effective mercury-related management strategies.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119354} (DOI). Custódio, D.; Ebinghaus, R.: Near-global mapping of TGM based on aircraft measurements from intercontinental flights. Atmospheric Environment. 2022. vol. 291, 119354. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119354}} @misc{naumann_occurrence_and_2022, author={Naumann, T., Bento, C., Wittmann, A., Gandrass, J., Tang, J., Zhen, X., Liu, L., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of neonicotinoids and related insecticides in the Bohai Sea and its surrounding rivers, China}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117912}, abstract = {Systemic insecticides like neonicotinoids and the phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil are the most widely applied insecticides around the world. Multiple studies analyzed insecticide residues in freshwater systems, but data on seawater contamination levels are scarce. This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution and ecological risk assessment of fipronil, neonicotinoids, sulfoxaflor and selected transformation products (TPs) in the Chinese Bohai Sea and its surrounding rivers. Well-established neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) and TPs of fipronil and imidacloprid were frequently detected (detection frequency (DF): 42-100%) in freshwater. The median total insecticide concentration in freshwater was significantly higher in summer (72.4 ng•L-1) than in fall (23.4 ng•L-1), with major contributions from neonicotinoids, suggesting that pollution originates mostly from diffuse sources. In 2018, acetamiprid, desnitro-imidacloprid, fipronil-desulfinyl and thiacloprid were abundant in seawater (DF: 47-100%), indicating a high stability of acetamiprid and thiacloprid and a rapid photodegradation of fipronil and imidacloprid in surface waters. These results indicate that the continued use of these parent compounds may lead to their accumulation and/or of their TPs in shallow coastal seas. Consequently, this may lead to their transport to open seas, increasing their potential risk to marine organisms. Similarities between contaminant fingerprints in freshwater and seawater strongly suggest riverine discharges as main pollution source of adjacent coastal areas. This is the first study to perform an ecological risk assessment of fipronil, neonicotinoids, sulfoxaflor and selected TPs on marine ecosystems. Fipronil and its TPs demonstrated to be environmentally relevant with potential high risks for aquatic species. Our study provides novel insights into the fate and ecological risk of fipronil, neonicotinoids, sulfoxaflor and their TPs to marine species in shallow coastal seas.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117912} (DOI). Naumann, T.; Bento, C.; Wittmann, A.; Gandrass, J.; Tang, J.; Zhen, X.; Liu, L.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of neonicotinoids and related insecticides in the Bohai Sea and its surrounding rivers, China. Water Research. 2022. vol. 209, 117912. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117912}} @misc{ma_seasonal_variation_2022, author={Ma, Y., Luo, Y., Zhu, J., Zhang, J., Gao, G., Mi, W., Xie, Z., Lohmann, R.}, title={Seasonal variation and deposition of atmospheric organophosphate esters in the coastal region of Shanghai, China}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118930}, abstract = {The coastal megacity Shanghai is located in the center of the Yangtze River Delta, a dominant flame retardants (FRs) production region in China, especially for organophosphate esters (OPEs). This prompted us to investigate occurrence and seasonal changes of atmospheric OPEs in Shanghai, as well as to evaluate their sources, environmental behavior and fate as a case study for global coastal regions. Atmospheric gas and particle phase OPEs were weekly collected at two coastal sites - the emerging town Lingang New Area (LGNA), and the chemical-industry zone Jinshan Area (JSA) from July 2016–June 2017. Total atmospheric concentrations of the observed OPEs were significantly higher in JSA (median of 1800 pg m−3) than LGNA (median of 580 pg m−3). Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the most abundant compound, and the proportion of three chlorinated OPEs were higher in the particle phase (55%) than in the gas phase (39%). The year-round median contribution of particle phase OPEs was 33%, which changed strongly with seasons, accounting for 10% in summer in contrast to 62% in winter. Gas and particle phase OPEs in JSA exhibited significant correlations with inverse of temperature, respectively, indicating the importance of local/secondary volatilization sources. The estimated fluxes of gaseous absorption were almost 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of particle phase deposition, which could act as sources of organic phosphorus to coastal and open ocean waters.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118930} (DOI). Ma, Y.; Luo, Y.; Zhu, J.; Zhang, J.; Gao, G.; Mi, W.; Xie, Z.; Lohmann, R.: Seasonal variation and deposition of atmospheric organophosphate esters in the coastal region of Shanghai, China. Environmental Pollution. 2022. vol. 300, 118930. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118930}} @misc{gandra_act_now_2022, author={Gandraß, J., Küster, A., Ebinghaus, R., Herata, H., Xie, Z., Koschorreck, J.}, title={Act now - Legacy and Emerging Contaminants in Polar Regions : Workshop Report : Online Expert Workshop January 25th -26th 2022}, year={2022}, howpublished = {report}, abstract = {and Antarctic?}, note = {Gandraß, J.; Küster, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Herata, H.; Xie, Z.; Koschorreck, J.: Act now - Legacy and Emerging Contaminants in Polar Regions : Workshop Report : Online Expert Workshop January 25th -26th 2022. Geesthacht: Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon. 2022.}} @misc{cong_source_and_2022, author={Cong, B., Li, S., Liu, S., Mi, W., Zhang, C., Xie, Z.}, title={Source and Distribution of Emerging and Legacy Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Basins of the Eastern Indian Ocean}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c08743}, abstract = {Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have received significant and ongoing attention. To establish favorable regulatory policies, it is vital to investigate the occurrence, source, and budgets of POPs worldwide. POPs including phthalic acid esters (PAEs), organophosphate esters (OPEs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and highly chlorinated flame retardants (HFRs) have not yet been examined in the Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO). In this study, the distribution of POPs has been investigated from surface sediments with the depth of 4369–5742 m in the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) and Wharton Basin (WB) of EIO. The average (±SD) concentrations of ∑11PAEs, ∑11OPEs, ∑4 BFRs, and ∑5HFRs were 1202.0 ± 274.36 ng g–1 dw, 15.3 ± 7.23 ng g–1 dw, 327.6 ± 211.74 pg g–1 dw, and 7.9 ± 7.45 pg g–1 dw, respectively. The high abundance of low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAEs, chlorinated OPEs, LMW BDEs, and anti-Dechlorane Plus indicated the pollution characteristics in the EIO. Correlation analysis demonstrated that LMW compounds may be derived from the high-molecular-weight compounds. The monsoon circulation, currents, and Antarctic Bottom Water may be the main drivers. POP accumulation rate, depositional flux, and mass inventory in the Indian Ocean were also estimated.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c08743} (DOI). Cong, B.; Li, S.; Liu, S.; Mi, W.; Zhang, C.; Xie, Z.: Source and Distribution of Emerging and Legacy Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Basins of the Eastern Indian Ocean. Environmental Science and Technology. 2022. vol. 56, no. 7, 4199-4209. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08743}} @misc{zhang_atmospheric_deposition_2022, author={Zhang, L., Xu, W., Mi, W., Yan, W., Guo, T., Zhou, F., Miao, L., Xie, Z.}, title={Atmospheric deposition, seasonal variation, and long-range transport of organophosphate esters on Yongxing Island, South China Sea}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150673}, abstract = {The South China Sea (SCS), surrounded by developing countries/regions with a huge consumption of flame retardants, is generally contaminated by organophosphate esters (OPEs). However, studies on the occurrence, deposition and long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) process over the SCS of OPEs compounds are still limited. In this work, 10 OPEs were measured in 100 atmospheric samples collected from Yongxing Island (YXI) in the SCS. The total OPEs concentrations ranged from 1508 to 1968 pg/m3 with 28.6–1416.9 pg/m3 in gas and 95.2–1066.2 pg/m3 in particle partition. The three chlorinated OPEs are present at higher concentrations than the other seven non-chlorinated OPEs. Most OPEs had clear seasonal variations that followed the order: spring>summer≈winter>autumn except for tri-isobutyl phosphate (TIBP) and tris-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP). The particle-bound fraction of the total OPEs had little seasonal variations with a mean value of 0.35. Comparing J-P model and Koa model, it was found that the gas/particle partition in the study area was in non-equilibrium condition. LRAT, controlled by seasonal wind direction, was the predominated factor that led to the seasonal variations of OPEs on YXI. The average daily deposition flux of total OPEs was 13.0 ng/m2 with an annual total deposition of 15.06 g.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150673} (DOI). Zhang, L.; Xu, W.; Mi, W.; Yan, W.; Guo, T.; Zhou, F.; Miao, L.; Xie, Z.: Atmospheric deposition, seasonal variation, and long-range transport of organophosphate esters on Yongxing Island, South China Sea. Science of the Total Environment. 2022. vol. 806, 150673. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150673}} @misc{xie_organophosphate_ester_2022, author={Xie, Z., Wang, P., Wang, X., Castro-Jiménez, J., Kallenborn, R., Liao, C., Mi, W., Lohmann, R., Vila-Costa, M., Dachs, J.}, title={Organophosphate ester pollution in the oceans}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00277-w}, abstract = {The large-scale use of organophosphate esters (OPEs) as flame retardants and plasticizers has led to their prevalence in the environment, with still unknown broader impacts. This Review describes the transport and occurrence of OPEs in marine systems and summarizes emerging evidence of their biogeochemical and ecosystem impacts. Long-range environmental transport via the atmosphere and ocean currents distributes OPEs from industrialized regions to the open ocean. OPEs are most prevalent in coastal regions, but notable concentrations are also found in the Arctic and regions far from shore. Air–water interactions are important for the transport of OPEs to remote oceans and polar regions. Processes such as degradation and sinking of particle-bound compounds modulate the properties and fate of OPEs in the water column, where they are potentially a non-accounted source of anthropogenic organic phosphorus for microbial communities. Some OPEs have toxic effects in marine species and are found in measurable quantities in fish and other aquatic organisms. However, there is conflicting evidence on the potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification of OPEs. Future work must constrain the large-scale impact of OPEs on marine biota and biogeochemistry to support more effective regulation and mitigation.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00277-w} (DOI). Xie, Z.; Wang, P.; Wang, X.; Castro-Jiménez, J.; Kallenborn, R.; Liao, C.; Mi, W.; Lohmann, R.; Vila-Costa, M.; Dachs, J.: Organophosphate ester pollution in the oceans. Nature Reviews. Earth & Environment. 2022. vol. 3, no. 5, 309-322. DOI: 10.1038/s43017-022-00277-w}} @misc{joerss_beyond_the_2022, author={Joerss, H., Menger, F., Tang, J., Ebinghaus, R., Ahrens, L.}, title={Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg: Suspect Screening Reveals Point Source-Specific Patterns of Emerging and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in German and Chinese Rivers}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c07987}, abstract = {Only a few dozens of the several thousand existing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are monitored using conventional target analysis. This study employed suspect screening to examine patterns of emerging and novel PFAS in German and Chinese river water affected by industrial point sources. In total, 86 PFAS were (tentatively) identified and grouped into 18 structure categories. Homologue patterns revealed distinct differences between fluoropolymer production sites of the two countries. In the Chinese Xiaoqing River Basin, the C8 homologue was the most prevalent compound of the emerging series of chlorinated perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (Cl-PFCAs) and perfluoroalkylether carboxylic acids (PFECAs). In contrast, C6 and shorter homologues were dominant in the German Alz River. This indicates that the phaseout of long-chain compounds in Europe and their ongoing production in Asian countries also apply to unregulated emerging PFAS classes. Additional characteristics to differentiate the point sources were the peak area ratio of perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) versus the emerging compound hydro-substituted PFBS (H-PFBS) as well as the occurrence of byproducts of the sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based polymer Nafion. The large number of identified unregulated PFAS underlines the importance of a grouping approach on a regulatory level, whereas the revealed contamination patterns can be used to estimate, prioritize, and minimize contributions of specific sources.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c07987} (DOI). Joerss, H.; Menger, F.; Tang, J.; Ebinghaus, R.; Ahrens, L.: Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg: Suspect Screening Reveals Point Source-Specific Patterns of Emerging and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in German and Chinese Rivers. Environmental Science and Technology. 2022. vol. 56, no. 9, 5456-5465. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07987}} @misc{hildebrandt_microplastic_compendium_2022, author={Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Hansen, J., Takyar, H., Lange, M., Zimmermann, T., Jahnke, A., Bergmann, M., Peeken, I., Tekman, M., Gerdts, G., Bellou, N., Pohl, F., Baldewein, L., Pröfrock, D., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Microplastic Compendium}, year={2022}, howpublished = {Other: online contribution}, abstract = {URL: www.microplastic-compendium.eu}, note = {Hildebrandt, L.; El Gareb, F.; Hansen, J.; Takyar, H.; Lange, M.; Zimmermann, T.; Jahnke, A.; Bergmann, M.; Peeken, I.; Tekman, M.; Gerdts, G.; Bellou, N.; Pohl, F.; Baldewein, L.; Pröfrock, D.; Ebinghaus, R.: Microplastic Compendium. Coastal Pollution Toolbox. 2022.}} @misc{xie_legacy_and_2022, author={Xie, Z., Zhang, P., Wu, Z., Zhang, S., Wei, L., Mi, L., Kuester, A., Gandrass, J., Ebinghaus, R., Yang, R., Wang, Z., Mi, W.}, title={Legacy and emerging organic contaminants in the polar regions}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155376}, abstract = {The presence of numerous emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) and remobilization of legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in polar regions have become significant concerns of the scientific communities, public groups and stakeholders. This work reviews the occurrences of EOCs and POPs and their long-range environmental transport (LRET) processes via atmosphere and ocean currents from continental sources to polar regions. Concentrations of classic POPs have been systematically monitored in air at several Arctic stations and showed seasonal variations and declining trends. These chemicals were also the major POPs reported in the Antarctica, while their concentrations were lower than those in the Arctic, illustrating the combination of remoteness and lack of potential local sources for the Antarctica. EOCs were investigated in air, water, snow, ice and organisms in the Arctic. Data in the Antarctica are rare. Reemission of legacy POPs and EOCs accumulated in glaciers, sea ice and snow may alter the concentrations and amplify their effects in polar regions. Thus, future research will need to understand the various biogeochemical and geophysical processes under climate change and anthropogenic pressures.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155376} (DOI). Xie, Z.; Zhang, P.; Wu, Z.; Zhang, S.; Wei, L.; Mi, L.; Kuester, A.; Gandrass, J.; Ebinghaus, R.; Yang, R.; Wang, Z.; Mi, W.: Legacy and emerging organic contaminants in the polar regions. Science of the Total Environment. 2022. vol. 835, 155376. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155376}} @misc{custdio_worldwide_evaluation_2022, author={Custódio, D., Borrego, C., Relvas, H.}, title={Worldwide Evaluation of CAMS-EGG4 CO2 Data Re-Analysis at the Surface Level}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060331}, abstract = {This study systematically examines the global uncertainties and biases in the carbon dioxide (CO2) mixing ratio provided by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). The global greenhouse gas re-analysis (EGG4) data product from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) was evaluated against ground-based in situ measurements from more than 160 of stations across the world. The evaluation shows that CO2 re-analysis can capture the general features in the tracer distributions, including the CO2 seasonal cycle and its strength at different latitudes, as well as the global CO2 trend. The emissions and natural fluxes of CO2 at the surface are evaluated on a wide range of scales, from diurnal to interannual. The results highlight re-analysis compliance, reproducing biogenic fluxes as well the observed CO2 patterns in remote environments. CAMS consistently reproduces observations at marine and remote regions with low CO2 fluxes and smooth variability. However, the model’s weaknesses were observed in continental areas, regions with complex sources, transport circulations and large CO2 fluxes. A strong variation in the accuracy and bias are displayed among those stations with different flux profiles, with the largest uncertainties in the continental regions with high CO2 anthropogenic fluxes. Displaying biased estimation and root-mean-square error (RMSE) ranging from values below one ppmv up to 70 ppmv, the results reveal a poor response from re-analysis to high CO2 mixing ratio, showing larger uncertainty of the product in the boundaries where the CAMS system misses solving sharp flux variability. The mismatch at regions with high fluxes of anthropogenic emission indicate large uncertainties in inventories and constrained physical parameterizations in the CO2 at boundary conditions. The current study provides a broad uncertainty assessment for the CAMS CO2 product worldwide, suggesting deficiencies and methods that can be used in the future to overcome failures and uncertainties in regional CO2 mixing ratio and flux estimates.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060331} (DOI). Custódio, D.; Borrego, C.; Relvas, H.: Worldwide Evaluation of CAMS-EGG4 CO2 Data Re-Analysis at the Surface Level. Toxics. 2022. vol. 10, no. 6, 331. DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060331}} @misc{garnett_increasing_accumulation_2022, author={Garnett, J., Halsall, C., Winton, H., Joerss, H., Mulvaney, R., Ebinghaus, R., Frey, M., Jones, A., Lesson, A., Wynn, P.}, title={Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958–2017)}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02592}, abstract = {Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are synthetic chemicals with a variety of industrial and consumer applications that are now widely distributed in the global environment. Here, we report the measurement of six perfluorocarboxylates (PFCA, C4–C9) in a firn (granular compressed snow) core collected from a non-coastal, high-altitude site in Dronning Maud Land in Eastern Antarctica. Snow accumulation of the extracted core dated from 1958 to 2017, a period coinciding with the advent, use, and geographical shift in the global industrial production of poly/perfluoroalkylated substances, including PFAA. We observed increasing PFCA accumulation in snow over this time period, with chemical fluxes peaking in 2009–2013 for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA, C8) and nonanoate (PFNA, C9) with little evidence of a decline in these chemicals despite supposed recent global curtailments in their production. In contrast, the levels of perfluorobutanoate (PFBA, C4) increased markedly since 2000, with the highest fluxes in the uppermost snow layers. These findings are consistent with those previously made in the Arctic and can be attributed to chlorofluorocarbon replacements (e.g., hydrofluoroethers) as an inadvertent consequence of global regulation.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02592} (DOI). Garnett, J.; Halsall, C.; Winton, H.; Joerss, H.; Mulvaney, R.; Ebinghaus, R.; Frey, M.; Jones, A.; Lesson, A.; Wynn, P.: Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958–2017). Environmental Science and Technology. 2022. vol. 56, no. 16, 11246-11255. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02592}} @misc{ebinghaus_from_the_2022, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={From the coastal margins to the Arctic ocean – PFAS in the marine environment}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Virtual;}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: From the coastal margins to the Arctic ocean – PFAS in the marine environment. International Forum on Marine Environment and Ecosystem. Virtual, 2022.}} @misc{lian_interprovincial_trade_2021, author={Lian, L., Huang, T., Ling, Z., Li, S., Li, J., Jiang, W., Gao, H., Tao, S., Liu, J., Xie, Z., Mao, X., Ma, J.}, title={Interprovincial trade driven relocation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lung cancer risk in China}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124368}, abstract = {Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of ubiquitous organic contaminants which poses an adverse health impact on environment and humans. This study assesses the PAHs environmental contamination and associated lung cancer risk attributable to interprovincial trade in goods and services in China. Virtual trade driven PAHs flow mainly from well-developed and industrialized provinces to less-developed provinces that provide energy and raw materials. In 2007, Shanxi (with a net PAHs outflow of 3743 tons) and Hebei (with a net PAHs outflow of 851 tons) account for 66.8% of total PAH emission outflow attributable to interprovincial trade. The largest single net PAHs flow was from Shanxi to Zhejiang (399 tons), followed by Shanxi to Jiangsu (371 tons), and Hebei to Zhejiang (194 tons). Our results also reveal a switching from outflow to inflow of industrial products with high PAH emissions in some provinces from 2007 to 2012 due to the changes in their industrial structure. The estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) based on modeled benzo [a]pyrene (BaP) concentrations and considering trade driven emissions shows that excess nonoccupational lung cancer cases associated with trade related industrial BaP emissions totaled 2176 in 2007, accounting for 42% of lung cancer cases induced by all Chinese BaP emissions. Without interprovincial trade, Chinese lung cancer cases would increase to 3677 in 2007, indicating that interprovincial trade reduces lung cancer cases in well-developed and populated coastal provinces and increases cases in less populated and less developed provinces, which reduces the overall number of Chinese lung cancer cases. It is recommended that well-developed provinces in eastern and southern China should subsidize those inland provinces providing goods and services to eastern and southern China, in addition to the interprovincial trade.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124368} (DOI). Lian, L.; Huang, T.; Ling, Z.; Li, S.; Li, J.; Jiang, W.; Gao, H.; Tao, S.; Liu, J.; Xie, Z.; Mao, X.; Ma, J.: Interprovincial trade driven relocation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lung cancer risk in China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021. vol. 280, no. Part 1, 124368. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124368}} @misc{bento_riversea_systems_2021, author={Bento, C., Naumann, T., Wittmann, A., Tang, J., Zhen, X., Liu, L., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={River-Sea Systems: Spatial and temporal occurrence of Neonicotinoids, Glyphosate and related transformation products in the Chinese Bohai Sea and 36 surrounding Rivers}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual;}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13296}, abstract = {In conclusion, the ubiquitous presence of acetamiprid and the high concentrations and detection frequencies of AMPA in the sampled waters suggest a high persistence and stability of these compounds in surface waters. Therefore, these compounds may accumulate in aquatic/marine environments and may pose a risk to aquatic/marine organisms. The Bohai and Laizhou Bays presented the highest contamination status, to where most contaminated rivers were flowing, indicating that riverine discharges are important contributors to the pollution status of the marine environment. The higher detection frequencies and concentrations of the transformation products of imidacloprid, fipronil and glyphosate in the marine environment indicate the rapid degradation of their parent compounds during their “journey” from the contaminated rivers to the Bohai Sea. Since evidence shows that these transformation products have similar or even higher persistence and toxicity to non-target organisms, it is important to further monitor these compounds in the marine environment.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13296} (DOI). Bento, C.; Naumann, T.; Wittmann, A.; Tang, J.; Zhen, X.; Liu, L.; Ebinghaus, R.: River-Sea Systems: Spatial and temporal occurrence of Neonicotinoids, Glyphosate and related transformation products in the Chinese Bohai Sea and 36 surrounding Rivers. EGU General Assembly 2021. Virtual, 2021. DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13296}} @misc{trger_whats_in_2021, author={Tröger, R., Ren, H., Yin, D., Postigo, C., Nguyen, P., Baduel, C., Golovko, O., Been, F., Joerss, H., Boleda, M., Polesello, S., Roncoroni, M., Taniyasu, S., Menger, F., Ahrens, L., Lai, F., Wiberg, K.}, title={What's in the water? – Target and suspect screening of contaminants of emerging concern in raw water and drinking water from Europe and Asia}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117099}, abstract = {There is growing worry that drinking water can be affected by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), potentially threatening human health. In this study, a wide range of CECs (n = 177), including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and other compounds, were analysed in raw water and in drinking water collected from drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in Europe and Asia (n = 13). The impact of human activities was reflected in large numbers of compounds detected (n = 115) and high variation in concentrations in the raw water (range 15-7995 ng L−1 for ∑177CECs). The variation was less pronounced in drinking water, with total concentration ranging from 35 to 919 ng L−1. Treatment efficiency was on average 65 ± 28%, with wide variation between different DWTPs. The DWTP with the highest ∑CEC concentrations in raw water had the most efficient treatment procedure (average treatment efficiency 89%), whereas the DWTP with the lowest ∑177CEC concentration in the raw water had the lowest average treatment efficiency (2.3%). Suspect screening was performed for 500 compounds ranked high as chemicals of concern for drinking water, using a prioritisation tool (SusTool). Overall, 208 features of interest were discovered and three were confirmed with reference standards. There was co-variation between removal efficiency in DWTPs for the target compounds and the suspected features detected using suspect screening, implying that removal of known contaminants can be used to predict overall removal of potential CECs for drinking water production. Our results can be of high value for DWTPs around the globe in their planning for future treatment strategies to meet the increasing concern about human exposure to unknown CECs present in their drinking water.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117099} (DOI). Tröger, R.; Ren, H.; Yin, D.; Postigo, C.; Nguyen, P.; Baduel, C.; Golovko, O.; Been, F.; Joerss, H.; Boleda, M.; Polesello, S.; Roncoroni, M.; Taniyasu, S.; Menger, F.; Ahrens, L.; Lai, F.; Wiberg, K.: What's in the water? – Target and suspect screening of contaminants of emerging concern in raw water and drinking water from Europe and Asia. Water Research. 2021. vol. 198, 117099. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117099}} @misc{joerss_suspect_screening_2021, author={Joerss, H., Menger, F., Tang, J., Ebinghaus, R., Ahrens, L.}, title={Suspect screening of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in German and Chinese river water affected by point sources}, year={2021}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual;}, note = {Joerss, H.; Menger, F.; Tang, J.; Ebinghaus, R.; Ahrens, L.: Suspect screening of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in German and Chinese river water affected by point sources. SETAC Europe 31st Annual Meeting. Virtual, 2021.}} @misc{garnett_investigating_the_2021, author={Garnett, J., Halsall, C., Thomas, M., Crabeck, O., France, J., Joerss, H., Ebinghaus, R., Kaiser, J., Leeson, A., Wynn, P.}, title={Investigating the Uptake and Fate of Poly- and Perfluoroalkylated Substances (PFAS) in Sea Ice Using an Experimental Sea Ice Chamber}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01645}, abstract = {Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are contaminants of emerging Arctic concern and are present in the marine environments of the polar regions. Their input to and fate within the marine cryosphere are poorly understood. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments to investigate the uptake, distribution, and release of 10 PFAS of varying carbon chain length (C4–C12) in young sea ice grown from artificial seawater (NaClsolution). We show that PFAS are incorporated into bulk sea ice during ice formation and regression analyses for individual PFAS concentrations in bulk sea ice were linearly related to salinity (r2 = 0.30 to 0.88, n = 18, p < 0.05). This shows that their distribution is strongly governed by the presence and dynamics of brine (high salinity water) within the sea ice. Furthermore, long-chain PFAS (C8–C12), were enriched in bulk ice up to 3-fold more than short-chain PFAS (C4–C7) and NaCl. This suggests that chemical partitioning of PFAS between the different phases of sea ice also plays a role in their uptake during its formation. During sea ice melt, initial meltwater fractions were highly saline and predominantly contained short-chain PFAS, whereas the later, fresher meltwater fractions predominantly contained long-chain PFAS. Our results demonstrate that in highly saline parts of sea ice (near the upper and lower interfaces and in brine channels) significant chemical enrichment (ε) of PFAS can occur with concentrations in brine channels greatly exceeding those in seawater from which it forms (e.g., for PFOA, εbrine = 10 ± 4). This observation has implications for biological exposure to PFAS present in brine channels, a common feature of first-year sea ice which is the dominant ice type in a warming Arctic.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01645} (DOI). Garnett, J.; Halsall, C.; Thomas, M.; Crabeck, O.; France, J.; Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kaiser, J.; Leeson, A.; Wynn, P.: Investigating the Uptake and Fate of Poly- and Perfluoroalkylated Substances (PFAS) in Sea Ice Using an Experimental Sea Ice Chamber. Environmental Science and Technology. 2021. vol. 55, no. 14, 9601-9608. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01645}} @misc{ebinghaus_chapter_11_2021, author={Ebinghaus, R., Grøsvik, B., Hassellöv, I., Moffat, C., Simcock, A., Sonesten, L., Vlahos, P., Achterberg, E., Alo, B., Andrade, C., Bebianno, M., Caetano, M., Gnandi, K., Hong, G., Kim, S., Lohmann, R., Stankiewicz, M., Wang, J.}, title={Chapter 11: Changes in liquid and atmospheric inputs to the marine environment from land (including through groundwater), ships and offshore installations}, year={2021}, howpublished = {book part}, abstract = {Chemical production has continued to in-crease and change since 2003. The potential geographic impact of the chemical industry continued to change from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, where almost 70 per cent of the industry is expected to operate by 2030, while new products are continually being devel-oped, thus adding to the mixture of chemicals to which biota in the ocean is being exposed.Different lists of hazardous substances have been identified by international organizations, although there is still no agreed single global list of substances that are of concern. The present chapter contains an assessment of the changes since the first Assessment in wa-ter and airborne inputs to the marine environ-ment from land (including groundwater), ships and offshore installations. In addition, the information in the present chapter builds upon the assessment of the list of hazardous sub-stances used in the first Assessment, namely, POPs, metals, hydrocarbons and radioactive substances. It includes new information on rare earth elements, PPCPs and airborne in-puts of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides that were not included in the first Assessment.}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.; Grøsvik, B.; Hassellöv, I.; Moffat, C.; Simcock, A.; Sonesten, L.; Vlahos, P.; Achterberg, E.; Alo, B.; Andrade, C.; Bebianno, M.; Caetano, M.; Gnandi, K.; Hong, G.; Kim, S.; Lohmann, R.; Stankiewicz, M.; Wang, J.: Chapter 11: Changes in liquid and atmospheric inputs to the marine environment from land (including through groundwater), ships and offshore installations. In: United Nations (Ed.): The Second World Ocean Assessment. United Nations. 2021. 101-150.}} @misc{jin_amyloid_fibrilbased_2021, author={Jin, T., Peydayesh, M., Joerss, H., Zhou, J., Bolisetty, S., Mezzenga, R.}, title={Amyloid fibril-based membranes for PFAS removal from water}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EW00373A}, abstract = {We introduce a green and efficient approach for removing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) based on the β-lactoglobulin amyloid fibril membrane. The membrane exhibits superior adsorption capability for long-chain PFASs. At low pH, the membrane efficiency improved significantly due to enhanced electrostatic interactions between positively charged fibrils and negatively charged PFASs. Furthermore, intermolecular adhesion force measurements confirm the hydrophobic–hydrophobic interaction at the nanoscale with PFOS and PFOA representing perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), respectively. For real PFAS-contaminated water from the Xiaoqing River basin and under single-step filtration mode, the membrane exhibits high efficiency for removing both high (>μg L−1) and trace (ng L−1) levels of the compounds. To demonstrate the scalability and generality, a commercial amyloid–carbon-based hybrid membrane is applied for removal of a range of long-chain and short-chain PFASs as well as their replacement compounds, offering complete removal of PFASs with ≥4 perfluorinated carbon atoms in the molecular structure and a removal efficiency of low molecular weight PFBA (3 perfluorinated carbon atoms) exceeding 96%. Analysis of the sustainability footprint reveals the superiority of the amyloid–carbon hybrid membrane for PFAS removal. Altogether, these results demonstrate a high potential of amyloid fibril membrane technology for the sustainable removal of PFASs from water.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EW00373A} (DOI). Jin, T.; Peydayesh, M.; Joerss, H.; Zhou, J.; Bolisetty, S.; Mezzenga, R.: Amyloid fibril-based membranes for PFAS removal from water. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology. 2021. vol. 7, no. 10, 1873-1884. DOI: 10.1039/D1EW00373A}} @misc{garnett_high_concentrations_2021, author={Garnett, J., Halsall, C., Vader, A., Joerss, H., Ebinghaus, R., Leeson, A., Wynn, P.}, title={High Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Arctic Seawater Driven by Early Thawing Sea Ice}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01676}, abstract = {Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances are synthetic chemicals that are widely present in the global environment including the Arctic. However, little is known about how these chemicals (particularly perfluoroalkyl acids, PFAA) enter the Arctic marine system and cycle between seawater and sea ice compartments. To evaluate this, we analyzed sea ice, snow, melt ponds, and near-surface seawater at two ice-covered stations located north of the Barents Sea (81 °N) with the aim of investigating PFAA dynamics in the late-season ice pack. Sea ice showed high concentrations of PFAA particularly at the surface with snow-ice (the uppermost sea ice layer strongly influenced by snow) comprising 26–62% of the total PFAA burden. Low salinities (<2.5 ppt) and low δ18OH20 values (<1‰ in snow and upper ice layers) in sea ice revealed the strong influence of meteoric water on sea ice, thus indicating a significant atmospheric source of PFAA with subsequent transfer down the sea ice column in meltwater. Importantly, the under-ice seawater (0.5 m depth) displayed some of the highest concentrations notably for the long-chain PFAA (e.g., PFOA 928 ± 617 pg L–1), which were ≈3-fold higher than those of deeper water (5 m depth) and ≈2-fold higher than those recently measured in surface waters of the North Sea infuenced by industrial inputs of PFAAs. The evidence provided here suggests that meltwater arising early in the melt season from snow and other surface ice floe components drives the higher PFAA concentrations observed in under-ice seawater, which could in turn influence the timing and extent of PFAA exposure for organisms at the base of the marine food web.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01676} (DOI). Garnett, J.; Halsall, C.; Vader, A.; Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.; Leeson, A.; Wynn, P.: High Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Arctic Seawater Driven by Early Thawing Sea Ice. Environmental Science and Technology. 2021. vol. 55, no. 16, 11049-11059. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01676}} @misc{silva_collection_of_2021, author={Silva, V., Alaoui, A., Schlünssen, V., Vested, A., Graumans, M., van Dael, M., Trevisan, M., Suciu, N., Mol, H., Beekmann, K., Figueiredo, D., Harkes, P., Hofman, J., Kandeler, E., Abrantes, N., Campos, I., Martínez, M.Á., Pereira, J., Goossens, D., Gandrass, J., Debler, F., Lwanga, E., Jonker, M., van Langevelde, F., Sorensen, M.T., Wells, J.M., Boekhorst, J., Huss, A., Mandrioli, D., Sgargi, D., Nathanail, P., Nathanail, J., Tamm, L., Fantke, P., Mark, J., Grovermann, C., Frelih-Larsen, A., Herb, I., Chivers, C.-A., Mills, J., Alcon, F., Contreras, J., Baldi, I., Pasković, I., Matjaz, G., Norgaard, T., Aparicio, V., Ritsema, C.J., Geissen, V., Scheepers, P.T.J.}, title={Collection of human and environmental data on pesticide use in Europe and Argentina: Field study protocol for the SPRINT project}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259748}, abstract = {Current farm systems rely on the use of Plant Protection Products (PPP) to secure high productivity and control threats to the quality of the crops. However, PPP use may have considerable impacts on human health and the environment. A study protocol is presented aiming to determine the occurrence and levels of PPP residues in plants (crops), animals (livestock), humans and other non-target species (ecosystem representatives) for exposure modelling and impact assessment. To achieve this, we designed a cross-sectional study to compare conventional and organic farm systems across Europe. Environmental and biological samples were/are being/will be collected during the 2021 growing season, at 10 case study sites in Europe covering a range of climate zones and crops. An additional study site in Argentina will inform the impact of PPP use on growing soybean which is an important European protein-source in animal feed. We will study the impact of PPP mixtures using an integrated risk assessment methodology. The fate of PPP in environmental media (soil, water and air) and in the homes of farmers will be monitored. This will be complemented by biomonitoring to estimate PPP uptake by humans and farm animals (cow, goat, sheep and chicken), and by collection of samples from non-target species (earthworms, fish, aquatic and terrestrial macroinvertebrates, bats, and farm cats). We will use data on PPP residues in environmental and biological matrices to estimate exposures by modelling. These exposure estimates together with health and toxicity data will be used to predict the impact of PPP use on environment, plant, animal and human health. The outcome of this study will then be integrated with socio-economic information leading to an overall assessment used to identify transition pathways towards more sustainable plant protection and inform decision makers, practitioners and other stakeholders regarding farming practices and land use policy.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259748} (DOI). Silva, V.; Alaoui, A.; Schlünssen, V.; Vested, A.; Graumans, M.; van Dael, M.; Trevisan, M.; Suciu, N.; Mol, H.; Beekmann, K.; Figueiredo, D.; Harkes, P.; Hofman, J.; Kandeler, E.; Abrantes, N.; Campos, I.; Martínez, M.; Pereira, J.; Goossens, D.; Gandrass, J.; Debler, F.; Lwanga, E.; Jonker, M.; van Langevelde, F.; Sorensen, M.; Wells, J.; Boekhorst, J.; Huss, A.; Mandrioli, D.; Sgargi, D.; Nathanail, P.; Nathanail, J.; Tamm, L.; Fantke, P.; Mark, J.; Grovermann, C.; Frelih-Larsen, A.; Herb, I.; Chivers, C.; Mills, J.; Alcon, F.; Contreras, J.; Baldi, I.; Pasković, I.; Matjaz, G.; Norgaard, T.; Aparicio, V.; Ritsema, C.; Geissen, V.; Scheepers, P.: Collection of human and environmental data on pesticide use in Europe and Argentina: Field study protocol for the SPRINT project. PLoS One. 2021. vol. 16, no. 11, e0259748. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259748}} @misc{han_spatial_and_2020, author={Han, X., Xie, Z., Tian, Y., Yan, W., Miao, L., Zhang, L., Zhu, X., Xu, W.}, title={Spatial and seasonal variations of organic corrosion inhibitors in the Pearl River, South China: Contributions of sewage discharge and urban rainfall runoff}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114321}, abstract = {While organic corrosion inhibitors are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, knowledge on their occurrence, sources and transport in urban surface water is still scarce. In this study, the spatial and seasonal variations of organic corrosion inhibitors and their potential sources were investigated in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), one of the most highly urbanized watersheds in China. A total of 8 compounds belonging to benzothiazole (BTH) and benzotriazole (BTR) groups respectively, were identified in the Pearl River. In addition, there were clear spatial and temporal differentiations in the concentration profiles. The dry season provided higher concentrations of BTH (213–1082 ng L−1) and BTR (112–1279 ng L−1) compared to the wet season (30–574 ng L−1 for BTH and 23–482 ng L−1for BTR), indicating a dominant process of dilution. Remarkably higher concentrations and similar composition features of targets were observed in the effluent samples from two sewage treatment plants (STPs). Our study indicated that rainfall runoff from urban traffic roads during wet season may also be an important contributor to the Pearl River water environment. The annual total mass loading of corrosion inhibitors from the main channel of the Pearl River is 53.2 tons and exhibited strong seasonal variation. Effluents discharge from STPs and urban rainfall runoff from traffic roads are main sources of corrosion inhibitors to the Pearl River.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114321} (DOI). Han, X.; Xie, Z.; Tian, Y.; Yan, W.; Miao, L.; Zhang, L.; Zhu, X.; Xu, W.: Spatial and seasonal variations of organic corrosion inhibitors in the Pearl River, South China: Contributions of sewage discharge and urban rainfall runoff. Environmental Pollution. 2020. vol. 262, 114321. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114321}} @misc{yang_persulfatebased_degradation_2020, author={Yang, L., He, L., Xue, J., Ma, Y., Xie, Z., Wu, L., Huang, M., Zhang, Z.}, title={Persulfate-based degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in aqueous solution: Review on influences, mechanisms and prospective}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122405}, abstract = {Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) have attracted global attention due to their chemical durability, wide distribution, biotoxicity and bioaccumulative properties. Persulfate is a promising alternative to H2O2 for advanced oxidation processes and effective for organic removal. In this review, persulfate activation methods and operational factors in persulfate-based PFOA / PFOS degradation are analyzed and summarized. Moreover, the decomposing mechanisms of PFOA and PFOS are outlined in terms of molecular structures based a series of proposed pathways. PFOS could be converted to PFOA with the attack of SO4− and OH. And then PFOA defluorination occurs with one CF2 unit missing in each round and the similar procedure would occur continuously with sufficient SO4− and OH until entire decomposition. In addition, several knowledge gaps and research needs for further in-depth studies are identified. This review provides an overview for better understanding of the mechanisms and prospects in persulfate-based degradation of PFOA and PFOS.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122405} (DOI). Yang, L.; He, L.; Xue, J.; Ma, Y.; Xie, Z.; Wu, L.; Huang, M.; Zhang, Z.: Persulfate-based degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in aqueous solution: Review on influences, mechanisms and prospective. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020. vol. 393, 122405. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122405}} @misc{wang_overall_comparison_2020, author={Wang, P., Mi, W., Xie, Z., Tang, J., Apel, C., Joerss, H., Ebinghaus, R., Zhang, Q.}, title={Overall comparison and source identification of PAHs in the sediments of European Baltic and North Seas, Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139535}, abstract = {An international sampling campaign was carried out to comprehensively investigate the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the marine sediments from the European Baltic and North Seas, Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas. The concentrations of ∑18PAHs in the samples from these four seas were in the range of 0.91–5361 ng/g dry weight (dw), 0.46–227 ng/g dw, 25.0–308 ng/g dw and 4.3–659 ng/g dw, respectively. 4-rings PAHs, e.g., fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthene, were commonly the dominant compounds in all the samples. The PAH sources were identified via composition patterns, diagnostic ratios, principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF). Coal combustion, vehicular emission, coke plant and petroleum residue were apportioned as the main sources in these marine sediments. However, through PMF modeling, different contributions of these sources were quantified to the deposited PAHs in the seas, suggesting distinct anthropogenic impacts on the adjacent marine system. It is note-worthy that biomass combustion may not be the main source of PAHs in the majority of sediments from these seas. This was evidenced by the ratios of naphthalene against its methylated derivatives (i.e. 1-,2-methylnaphthalenes) other than the composition pattern in the samples, of which the approach is in prospect of developing in future studies.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139535} (DOI). Wang, P.; Mi, W.; Xie, Z.; Tang, J.; Apel, C.; Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.; Zhang, Q.: Overall comparison and source identification of PAHs in the sediments of European Baltic and North Seas, Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas. Science of the Total Environment. 2020. vol. 737, 139535. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139535}} @misc{joerss_transport_of_2020, author={Joerss, H., Xie, Z., Wagner, C., von Appen, W., Sunderland, E., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Transport of Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances and the Replacement Compound HFPO-DA through the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean—Is the Arctic a Sink or a Source?}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00228}, abstract = {The spatial distribution of 29 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in seawater was investigated along a sampling transect from Europe to the Arctic and two transects within Fram Strait, located between Greenland and Svalbard, in the summer of 2018. Hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA), a replacement compound for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), was detected in Arctic seawater for the first time. This provides evidence for its long-range transport to remote areas. The total PFAS concentration was significantly enriched in the cold, low-salinity surface water exiting the Arctic compared to warmer, higher-salinity water from the North Atlantic entering the Arctic (260 ± 20 pg/L versus 190 ± 10 pg/L). The higher ratio of perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) to perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) in outflowing water from the Arctic suggests a higher contribution of atmospheric sources compared to ocean circulation. An east–west cross section of the Fram Strait, which included seven depth profiles, revealed higher PFAS concentrations in the surface water layer than in intermediate waters and a negligible intrusion into deep waters (>1000 m). Mass transport estimates indicated a net inflow of PFASs with ≥8 perfluorinated carbons via the boundary currents and a net outflow of shorter-chain homologues. We hypothesize that this reflects higher contributions from atmospheric sources to the Arctic outflow and a higher retention of the long-chain compounds in melting snow and ice.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00228} (DOI). Joerss, H.; Xie, Z.; Wagner, C.; von Appen, W.; Sunderland, E.; Ebinghaus, R.: Transport of Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances and the Replacement Compound HFPO-DA through the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean—Is the Arctic a Sink or a Source?. Environmental Science and Technology. 2020. vol. 54, no. 16, 9958-9967. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00228}} @misc{petj_overview_integrative_2020, author={Petäjä, T., Duplissy, E., Tabakova, K., Ebinghaus, R., Xie, Z.}, title={Overview: Integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments (iCUPE) – concept and initial results}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8551-2020}, abstract = {The role of polar regions is increasing in terms of megatrends such as globalization, new transport routes, demography, and the use of natural resources with consequent effects on regional and transported pollutant concentrations. We set up the ERA-PLANET Strand 4 project “iCUPE – integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments” to provide novel insights and observational data on global grand challenges with an Arctic focus. We utilize an integrated approach combining in situ observations, satellite remote sensing Earth observations (EOs), and multi-scale modeling to synthesize data from comprehensive long-term measurements, intensive campaigns, and satellites to deliver data products, metrics, and indicators to stakeholders concerning the environmental status, availability, and extraction of natural resources in the polar areas. The iCUPE work consists of thematic state-of-the-art research and the provision of novel data in atmospheric pollution, local sources and transboundary transport, the characterization of arctic surfaces and their changes, an assessment of the concentrations and impacts of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants and their cycling, the quantification of emissions from natural resource extraction, and the validation and optimization of satellite Earth observation (EO) data streams. In this paper we introduce the iCUPE project and summarize initial results arising out of the integration of comprehensive in situ observations, satellite remote sensing, and multi-scale modeling in the Arctic context.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8551-2020} (DOI). Petäjä, T.; Duplissy, E.; Tabakova, K.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.: Overview: Integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments (iCUPE) – concept and initial results. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020. vol. 20, no. 14, 8551-8592. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-8551-2020}} @misc{xie_occurrence_of_2020, author={Xie, Z., Wang, Z., Magand, O., Thollot, A., Ebinghaus, R., Mi, W., Dommergue, A.}, title={Occurrence of legacy and emerging organic contaminants in snow at Dome C in the Antarctic}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140200}, abstract = {Concentrations of 9 organophosphate esters (OPEs), 16 perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface snow samples collected at Dome C on the Antarctic Plateau in summer 2016. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tri-n-butylphosphate (TnBP) were the dominant compounds of OPEs, with mean concentrations of 8157 ± 4860, 1128 ± 928 and 1232 ± 1147 pg/L. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, mean: 358 ± 71 pg/L) was the dominant compound of PFASs, and following by perfluoro-n-hexanoic acid (PFHxA, mean: 222 ± 97 pg/L), perfluoro-n-heptanoic acid (PFHpA, 183 ± 60 pg/L) and perfluoro-n-pentanoic acid (PFPeA, 175 ± 105 pg/L). 2-(Heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid (HFPO-DA, mean: 9.2 ± 2.6 pg/L) was determined in the Antarctic for the first time. Significantly positive correlations were observed between HFPO-DA and the short-chain PFASs, implying they have similar emission sources and long-range transport potential. High levels of 2-methylnaphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene, as well as the ratios of PAH congeners indicated PAHs were attributable mostly to combustion origin. Occurrence and profiles of the indicators of OPEs, PFASs and PAHs, as well as air mass back-trajectory analysis provided direct evidences of human activities on Concordia station and posed obvious impacts on local environments in the Antarctic. Nevertheless, the exchange processes among different environmental matrices may drive the long-range transport and redistribution of the legacy and emerging Organic contaminants from coast to inland in the Antarctic.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140200} (DOI). Xie, Z.; Wang, Z.; Magand, O.; Thollot, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Mi, W.; Dommergue, A.: Occurrence of legacy and emerging organic contaminants in snow at Dome C in the Antarctic. Science of the Total Environment. 2020. vol. 741, 140200. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140200}} @misc{huang_human_exposure_2020, author={Huang, T., Ling, Z., Ma, J., Macdonald, R., Gao, H., Tao, S., Tian, C., Song, S., Jiang, W., Chen, L., Chen, K., Xie, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhao, L., Gu, C., Mao, X.}, title={Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls embodied in global fish trade}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0066-1}, abstract = {International food trade poses food safety risks through the collateral transport of contaminants that are harmful to human health. Persistent organic pollutants, such as the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener PCB-153, are consumed via fish intake traded globally, but the estimated daily intake and risk to human health are poorly understood. Using a food trade pathway model, a global-scale atmospheric persistent organic pollutant transport model and UN Global Comtrade data, high PCB exposure was identified in Western Europe. Marine fish exported from Europe to Sub-Saharan African countries account for 84% of PCB-153 consumer exposure. In contrast, European fish consumers face reduced exposure to PCB-153 by consuming marine fish imported from countries where PCB-153 concentrations are low. People consuming aquaculture-farmed salmon fed with marine ingredients from PCB-153-contaminated seawaters face a higher PCB exposure. Our findings demonstrate that global fish trade can exacerbate PCB-153 exposure in regions where environmental PCB-153 levels are low. This approach demonstrates how the exposure to harmful food contaminants distributed through global food trade can be predicted and quantified.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0066-1} (DOI). Huang, T.; Ling, Z.; Ma, J.; Macdonald, R.; Gao, H.; Tao, S.; Tian, C.; Song, S.; Jiang, W.; Chen, L.; Chen, K.; Xie, Z.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, L.; Gu, C.; Mao, X.: Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls embodied in global fish trade. Nature Food. 2020. vol. 1, no. 5, 292-300. DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-0066-1}} @misc{zhang_bioaccumulation_and_2020, author={Zhang, L., Yan, W., Xie, Z., Cai, G., Mi, W., Xu, W.}, title={Bioaccumulation and changes of trace metals over the last two decades in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.05.007}, abstract = {Trace metal (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) exposures, distribution and bioaccumulation were investigated in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China. The results showed that all of the selected metals were observed in marine organisms with a predomination of Cu and Zn. The metal exposure levels exhibited obvious variations between species with the decreasing order of crab>shellfish>shrimp>fish. The higher metals enrichment seen in shellfish and crab species primarily attributed to their living habits and the higher sediment background values of trace metals. Endpoint bioaccumulation factor (BAFfd) was used to characterize the bioaccumulation potentials of marine organisms to trace metals, of which Cu and Zn were the most accumulated elements. The exposure of trace metals in the cultured organisms was far lower than those in wild marine organisms, which is probably due to the effect of growth dilution. Comparisons with previous studies demonstrated that the concentration profiles of most trace metals declined over the last one to two decades, except Cu, that increased indistinctively.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.05.007} (DOI). Zhang, L.; Yan, W.; Xie, Z.; Cai, G.; Mi, W.; Xu, W.: Bioaccumulation and changes of trace metals over the last two decades in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2020. vol. 98, 103-108. DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.05.007}} @misc{joerss_per_and_2020, author={Joerss, H., Schramm, T., Sun, L., Guo, C., Tang, J., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Chinese and German river water – Point source- and country-specific fingerprints including unknown precursors}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115567}, abstract = {This study aimed at comparing source-specific fingerprints of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in river water from China and Germany, selected as countries with different histories of PFAS production. Samples were collected from up- and downstream of seven suspected point sources in autumn 2018. Amongst the 29 analyzed legacy and emerging PFASs, 24 were detected, with a sum ranging from 2.7 ng/L (Alz River) to 420,000 ng/L (Xiaoqing River). While mass flow estimates for the Xiaoqing River and Yangtze River (mean: 20 and 43 t/y, respectively) indicated ongoing high emissions of the legacy compound PFOA in China, its ether-based replacements HFPO-DA and DONA showed the highest contribution downstream of a German fluoropolymer manufacturing site (50% and 40% of ΣPFASs measured, respectively). In river water impacted by manufacturing sites for pharmaceutical and pesticide intermediates, the short-chain compound PFBS was the most prevalent substance in both countries. The German Ruhr River, receiving discharges from the electroplating industry, was characterized by the PFOS replacement 6:2 FTSA. Isomer profiling revealed a higher proportion of branched isomers in the Chinese Xi River and Xiaoqing River than in other rivers. This points to different synthesis routes and underlines the importance of differentiating between linear and branched isomers in risks assessments. Upon oxidative conversion in the total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay, the increase of the short-chain compound PFBA was higher in German samples than in Chinese samples (88 ± 30% versus 12 ± 14%), suggesting the presence of a higher proportion of unknown precursors to PFBA in the German environment. Amongst the ether-based replacements, DONA and 6:2 Cl-PFESA were fully or partially degraded to non-targeted oxidation products, whereas HFPO-DA showed no degradation. This indicates that the inclusion of ether-based PFASs and their oxidation products in the TOP assay can help in capturing a larger amount of the unknown PFAS fraction.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115567} (DOI). Joerss, H.; Schramm, T.; Sun, L.; Guo, C.; Tang, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Chinese and German river water – Point source- and country-specific fingerprints including unknown precursors. Environmental Pollution. 2020. vol. 267, 115567. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115567}} @misc{joerss_per_und_2020, author={Joerss, H., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen im Rheinverlauf - Vorkommen und Verteilung in Wasser und Sedimenten}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, abstract = {Zur Stoffgruppe der mehr als 4.700 per-und polyfluorierten Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) gehören neben den gut untersuchten und bereits regulierten langkettigen PFAS auch Ersatzstoffe und weitere PFAS, die bislang nicht im Fokus standen. Um dieseSubstanzen im Rheinverlauf zu untersuchen, wurden 29 PFAS in Oberflächenwasser und Sedimenten analysiert. In 50% bzw. 42% der Wasserproben wurde der etherbasierte Er-satzstoff Hexafluorpropylenoxid-Dimersäure (HFPO-DA) und die cyclische Substanz Perfluor-4-ethylcyclohexansulfonsäure (PFECHS) nachgewiesen. Die Konzentration der bislang wenig untersuchten Perfluoralkylphosphinsäure 6:8 PFPiA in den Sedimentproben war vergleichbar mit den Konzentrationen langkettiger PFAS, die 78 ± 8 % der PFAS-Summe aus-machten. Das stellt die Rolle der Sedimente als Senke für langkettige PFAS heraus}, note = {Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen im Rheinverlauf - Vorkommen und Verteilung in Wasser und Sedimenten. Mitteilungen der Fachgruppe Umweltchemie und Ökotoxikologie. 2020. vol. 26, no. 3, 76-80.}} @misc{zhao_paes_and_2020, author={Zhao, X., Jin, H., Ji, Z., Li, D., Kaw, H., Chen, J., Xie, Z., Zhang, T.}, title={PAES and PAHs in the surface sediments of the East China Sea: Occurrence, distribution and influence factors}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134763}, abstract = {A total of 29 sediment samples were collected from the East China Sea (ECS), with the Yangtze River estuary and the Zhejiang costal area. These sediment samples were analyzed for 6 phthalate esters (PAEs) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): the ΣPAEs and ΣPAHs concentrations ranged between 1649.5 and 8451.5 ng g−1 (mean = 3446.3 ng g−1) and 57.5–364.5 ng g−1 (mean = 166.2 ng g−1), respectively. Overall, the PAEs and PAHs concentrations gradually decreasing in the offshore and southward directions: their compositions and distributions suggest they could have mainly derived from the Yangtze River. In particular, their distribution was influenced by the sources’ proximity, hydrodynamics, and sediment geochemistry (i.e., TOC content and grain size). A classical two-end member model was utilized to estimate the fraction of terrestrial organic carbon in the sediments of the ECS. When the sediment was dominated by terrestrial-derived organic matter (OM), the concentrations of PAEs and PAHs were significantly correlated to the TOC content and gran size of the sediments. In contrast, the poor correlation of TOC content and grain size with PAEs in those sediments dominated by marine-derived OM, implied that the distribution of PAEs in the ECS was mainly related to land-based inputs, (especially to that of the Yangtze River). Regardless of the origin of most of the OM contained in the sediments, we observed positive correlations between the TOC content, and grain size of those containing PAHs. These results suggest that the distribution of PAHs in the ECS was not only related to the Yangtze River input, but also to the geochemical characteristics of the sediments.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134763} (DOI). Zhao, X.; Jin, H.; Ji, Z.; Li, D.; Kaw, H.; Chen, J.; Xie, Z.; Zhang, T.: PAES and PAHs in the surface sediments of the East China Sea: Occurrence, distribution and influence factors. Science of the Total Environment. 2020. vol. 703, 134763. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134763}} @misc{ebinghaus_emission_sources_2020, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Emission sources; regional and global distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)}, year={2020}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Grenoble (F);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: Emission sources; regional and global distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). European Research Course on Atmospheres (ERCA). Grenoble (F), 2020.}} @misc{ebinghaus_emission_sources_2020, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Emission sources; regional and global distribution of atmospheric mercury}, year={2020}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Grenoble (F);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: Emission sources; regional and global distribution of atmospheric mercury. European Research Course on Atmospheres (ERCA). Grenoble (F), 2020.}} @misc{custodio_source_apportionment_2020, author={Custodio, D., Ebinghaus, R., Spain, T., Bieser, J.}, title={Source apportionment of atmospheric mercury in the remote marine atmosphere: Mace Head GAW station, Irish western coast}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7929-2020}, abstract = {Using a stereo algorithm we reconstructed 99.9 % of the atmospheric mercury. A conservative analysis demonstrated no decrease in total gaseous mercury (TGM) associated with atmospheric species typically used as tracers for oceanic emissions. The results show that the atmospheric mercury mass is mainly loaded in a baseline factor with an ongoing decline. Moreover, we exploit temporal variation and wind pattern effects in the measured atmospheric species; the results show that the diurnal variation and seasonality in TGM observed in Mace Head are closely related to other species linked to primary sources and can be explained by transport from continental areas.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7929-2020} (DOI). Custodio, D.; Ebinghaus, R.; Spain, T.; Bieser, J.: Source apportionment of atmospheric mercury in the remote marine atmosphere: Mace Head GAW station, Irish western coast. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020. vol. 20, no. 13, 7929-7939. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-7929-2020}} @misc{ktke_prioritised_pharmaceuticals_2019, author={Kötke, D., Gandrass, J., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Prioritised pharmaceuticals in German estuaries and coastal waters: Occurrence and environmental risk assessment}, year={2019}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113161}, abstract = {In this study a target analysis approach with method detection limits down to 0.01 ng L−1 was developed in order to determine ultra-trace pharmaceuticals in seawater of the German coast and their estuaries. The selection of target analytes based on a prioritisation commissioned by the German Environmental Agency considering occurrence in German surface waters, production volumes and ecotoxicological data. Using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionisation source 21 prioritised pharmaceuticals out of seven therapeutical classes (antibiotics, iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM), analgesics, lipid reducers, antiepileptics, anticonvulsants, beta-blockers) have been detected in the low to medium ng L−1-range. The most frequently measured substance groups in the German Baltic Sea and German Bight are the ICM, represented by the non-ionic ICM iomeprol (German Bightmax: 207 ng L−1; Baltic Seamax: 34.5 ng L−1) and the ionic ICM amidotrizoic acid (German Bight: 86.9 ng L−1), respectively. The same pattern of substance distribution could be detected in the German Bight, the German Baltic Sea and their inflows with lower concentrations in the offshore region that are partly a result of dilution with marine water. Pharmaceuticals entering the estuaries and coastal regions are an environmental issue since data on the ecotoxicological effects on aquatic marine organisms is limited. Especially the antibiotics clarithromycin and sulfamethoxazole could be ecotoxicologically/environmentally critical.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113161} (DOI). Kötke, D.; Gandrass, J.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Prioritised pharmaceuticals in German estuaries and coastal waters: Occurrence and environmental risk assessment. Environmental Pollution. 2019. vol. 255-1, 113161. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113161}} @misc{apel_organic_uv_2019, author={Apel, C., Bento, C., Ferreira, C., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Organic UV filters in the Mondego River, Portugal}, year={2019}, howpublished = {conference poster: Helsinki (FIN);}, note = {Apel, C.; Bento, C.; Ferreira, C.; Ebinghaus, R.: Organic UV filters in the Mondego River, Portugal. In: SETAC Europe 29th Annual Meeting. Helsinki (FIN). 2019.}} @misc{joerss_emerging_per_2019, author={Joerss, H., Apel, C., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface water and sediment of the North and Baltic Seas}, year={2019}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.363}, abstract = {Along with the phase-out of legacy long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and their precursors, attention has been drawn to emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). This study is aimed at investigating the importance of selected emerging PFASs as pollutants in European coastal environments and a possible transition from legacy long-chain PFCAs and PFSAs to replacement compounds. Therefore, the spatial distribution of 29 PFASs was analysed in surface water and sediment of the North and Baltic Seas sampled in 2017. Levels of the replacement compound HFPO-DA were approximately three times higher than those of its predecessor PFOA in surface water from the North Sea, which is characterised by the influence of point sources and constant exchange with open water. Reanalysis of sample extracts from the last decade showed that HFPO-DA had already been present in 2011, when it had not yet been in focus. In the Baltic Sea with a limited water exchange and dominance of diffuse sources, the proportion of HFPO-DA was negligible, whereas long-chain PFCAs and PFSAs still contributed to ∑PFASs with about 30%. The emerging cyclic compound perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexanesulfonate (PFECHS), which has not yet been reported in European coastal environments, was detected in 86% of the Baltic Sea samples. Influenced by sediment characteristics in addition to source-specific contributions, the spatial distribution of PFASs in surface sediments was more variable than for water samples. The linear isomer of the long-chain legacy substance PFOS was the predominant compound found over the entire study area. Of the emerging PFASs, 6:6 and 6:8 perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids (PFPiAs) were identified close to potential industrial inputs and in sedimentation areas. The results show that particular emerging PFASs play a relevant role in the investigated coastal environments and that a shift to replacements is dependent on sources and geographical conditions.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.363} (DOI). Joerss, H.; Apel, C.; Ebinghaus, R.: Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface water and sediment of the North and Baltic Seas. Science of the Total Environment. 2019. vol. 686, 360-369. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.363}} @misc{cui_molecular_characterization_2019, author={Cui, M., Li, C., Chen, Y., Zhang, F., Li, J., Jiang, B., Mo, Y., Yan, C., Zheng, M., Xie, Z., Zhang, G., Zheng, J.}, title={Molecular characterization of polar organic aerosol constituents in off-road engine emissions using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS): implications for source apportionment}, year={2019}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13945-2019}, abstract = {The molecular compositions of polar organic compounds (POCs) in particles emitted from various vessels and excavators were characterized using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), and possible molecular structures of POCs were proposed. POCs were extracted with purified water and sorted by elemental composition into three groups: CHO, CHON, and S-containing compounds (CHONS and CHOS). The results show the following. (i) CHO (accounting for 49% of total POCs in terms of peak response) was the most abundant group for all tested off-road engines, followed by CHON (33 %) and CHOS (35 %) for diesel and HFO (heavy-fuel-oil)-fueled off-road engines. (ii) The abundance and structure of the CHON group in water extracts were different in terms of engine type and load. The relative peak response of CHON was the highest for excavator emissions in working mode, compared to the idling and moving modes. Furthermore, dinitrophenol and methyl dinitrophenol were potentially the most abundant emission species for high-rated speed excavators, while nitronaphthol and methyl nitronaphthol were more important for low-rated speed vessels. (iii) The composition and structure of the S-containing compounds were directly influenced by fuel oil characteristics (sulfur content and aromatic ring), with more condensed aromatic rings in the S-containing compounds proposed in HFO-fueled vessel emissions. More abundant aliphatic chains were inferred in diesel equipment emissions. Overall, higher fractions of condensed hydrocarbons and aromatic rings in POCs emitted from vessels using HFO cause strong optical absorption capacity. Different structures in POCs could provide a direction for qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds as tracers to distinguish these emissions from diesel or HFO-fueled off-road engines.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13945-2019} (DOI). Cui, M.; Li, C.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, F.; Li, J.; Jiang, B.; Mo, Y.; Yan, C.; Zheng, M.; Xie, Z.; Zhang, G.; Zheng, J.: Molecular characterization of polar organic aerosol constituents in off-road engine emissions using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS): implications for source apportionment. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2019. vol. 19, no. 22, 13945-13956. DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-13945-2019}} @misc{mi_occurrence_and_2019, author={Mi, L., Xie, Z., Zhao, Z., Zhong, M., Mi, W., Ebinghaus, R., Tang, J.}, title={Occurrence and spatial distribution of phthalate esters in sediments of the Bohai and Yellow seas}, year={2019}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.438}, abstract = {Phthalate esters (PEs) are a class of synthetic chemicals that have been widely used as plasticizers in industrial products and households. The occurrence of PEs in the marine environment has been a concern for many years because of their adverse impacts on marine organisms and human health. In this study, six major PEs, i.e. diethyl phthalate (DEP), di‑isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di‑n‑butyl phthalate (DnBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and di‑(2‑ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), were analyzed in sediment samples collected in the Bohai and Yellow seas. The sum concentrations of the six PEs ranged from 1.4 to 24.6 ng/g and the average was 9.1 ng/g. The highest concentrations of PEs in the sediment samples were those of DEHP with a median concentration of 3.77 ng/g, followed by DiBP (median, 1.60 ng/g), DnBP (0.91 ng/g), DEP (0.32 ng/g), BBP (0.03 ng/g) and DCHP (0.01 ng/g). Generally, concentrations of PEs in the Bohai Sea are higher than those in the Yellow Sea. The varying spatial distributions of the individual PEs can be the result of discharge sources, regional ocean circulation patterns, and mud areas in the Bohai and Yellow seas. Significant positive correlations were found between total organic carbon content and the concentrations of DiBP, DnBP, and DEHP. It is estimated that the inventories of the ∑6PEs were 20.73 tons in the Bohai Sea and 65.87 tons in the Yellow Sea. Both riverine discharge and atmospheric deposition are major input sources for the PE sedimentation, while massive plastic litter and microplastics sinking to the ocean floor can directly release PEs into sediment. This study provides an appropriate data set for the assessment of the risk of PEs to the marine ecosystem.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.438} (DOI). Mi, L.; Xie, Z.; Zhao, Z.; Zhong, M.; Mi, W.; Ebinghaus, R.; Tang, J.: Occurrence and spatial distribution of phthalate esters in sediments of the Bohai and Yellow seas. Science of the Total Environment. 2019. vol. 653, 792-800. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.438}} @misc{apel_organic_uv_2019, author={Apel, C., Bento, C., Ferreira, C., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Organic UV filters in the Mondego River, Portugal}, year={2019}, howpublished = {conference poster: Barcelona (E);}, note = {Apel, C.; Bento, C.; Ferreira, C.; Ebinghaus, R.: Organic UV filters in the Mondego River, Portugal. In: 1st Meeting of the Iberian Ecological Society. Barcelona (E). 2019.}} @misc{custodio_carbonaceous_components_2019, author={Custodio, D., Alves, C., Jomolca, Y., de Castro Vasconcellos, P.}, title={Carbonaceous components and major ions in PM10 from the Amazonian Basin}, year={2019}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.08.011}, abstract = {Air pollution mainly resulting from deforestation and agricultural activities has become one of the major concerns in the Amazonian Basin. A detailed analysis of the PM10 chemical composition is critical for devising pollution control measures and improving climate models. In this study, daily 24-h filter samples were collected and analyzed in different sites of the Amazon Basin between 2008 and 2016 (over 200 samples). The six sampling sites were classified into two groups, one in South Amazonia, a region with strong influence of land occupation, and another in a remote forest region to the North. The high mean concentrations of PM10 and the occurrences of extreme events at the Southern site denote air pollution episodes. High correlations between the temporal trends of PM10 and primary species linked to soil re-suspension and biomass burning highlight the contribution of these sources of air pollution in the region. Significant differences between PM10 in the South and North regions were observed, for which levels of 72.6 ± 66.5 μg m−3 and 8.9 ± 4.2 μg m−3, respectively. The average concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in the aerosol were 5.81 ± 4.18 μg m−3, 2.43 ± 1.65 μg m−3 and 5.17 ± 5.54 μg m−3, 0.51 ± 0.41 μg m−3, respectively, for the Southern and Northern Amazonia sampling sites. The aerosol was largely composed of inorganic species in Southern Amazonia, whose carbonaceous matter accounted for 16% of the gravimetrically measured PM10. However, in the forest region, the contribution of carbonaceous species, mainly OC, accounted for >90% and remained more constant throughout the seasons. Na+ was the dominant water soluble ion in samples from the Southern region, followed by SO4−2, NO3−, Ca2+ and K+. High levels of carbonate (CC) were also observed for these samples. For the Northern region, SO4−2 was the dominant soluble ion, followed by K+ and NH4+. Some of these species exhibited a clear seasonal trend during the study period. This study provides a better understanding of the current state of air pollution in diversified Amazon basin sites.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.08.011} (DOI). Custodio, D.; Alves, C.; Jomolca, Y.; de Castro Vasconcellos, P.: Carbonaceous components and major ions in PM10 from the Amazonian Basin. Atmospheric Research. 2019. vol. 215, 75-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.08.011}} @misc{ferreira_assessment_of_2019, author={Ferreira, C., Apel, C., Bento, C., Koetke, D., Ferreira, A., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Assessment of UV Filters and Parabens in a Small Portuguese Peri-Urban Catchment}, year={2019}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Barcelona (ESP);}, note = {Ferreira, C.; Apel, C.; Bento, C.; Koetke, D.; Ferreira, A.; Ebinghaus, R.: Assessment of UV Filters and Parabens in a Small Portuguese Peri-Urban Catchment. TERRAenVISION 2019. Barcelona (ESP), 2019.}} @misc{apel_environmental_occurrence_2018, author={Apel, C., Joerss, H., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Environmental occurrence and hazard of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of European North and Baltic Seas}, year={2018}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.105}, abstract = {UV absorbing compounds are of emerging concern due to their large production volumes, their persistence or pseudo-persistence, and their potential adverse effects. This is the first study investigating the environmental occurrence and potential hazard of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the North and Baltic Sea surface sediments, including the connecting Skagerrak and Kattegat straits. In total, nineteen substances were identified over the entire study area, including the rarely studied compounds ethylhexyl triazone (EHT) and bisoctrizole (UV-360). Octocrylene (OC) was the predominant compound in this study with regard to detection frequency (79%) and concentrations (up to 9.7 ng/g dw). OC accounted for more than 65% of UV stabilizer contamination in the German Bight. The triazine derivative EHT was quantified in the Rhine-Meuse-Delta and the German Bight in concentrations up to 2.0 ng/g dw. In the Baltic Sea, benzotriazole UV stabilizers accounted for 60% of the contamination, with UV-360 as the main substance. The estimated environmental hazard quotients indicated a negligible impact on benthic and sediment-dwelling organisms in the North and Baltic Seas. Region-specific contamination pattern and riverine influences were revealed. The results suggest that both direct and indirect sources contribute to the UV stabilizer and UV filter contamination in the study area.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.105} (DOI). Apel, C.; Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Environmental occurrence and hazard of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of European North and Baltic Seas. Chemosphere. 2018. vol. 212, 254-261. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.105}} @misc{zhang_occurrences_of_2018, author={Zhang, H., Zhou, Q., Xie, Z., Zhou, Y., Tu, C., Fu, C., Mi, W., Ebinghaus, R., Christie, P., Luo, Y.}, title={Occurrences of organophosphorus esters and phthalates in the microplastics from the coastal beaches in north China}, year={2018}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.163}, abstract = {Chemical pollution in the microplastics has been concerned worldwide as pollutants might potentially transfer from the environment to living organisms via plastics. Here, we investigate organophosphorus esters (OPEs) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in the beached microplastics collected from 28 coastal beaches of the Bohai and Yellow Sea in north China. The analyzed microplastics included polyethylene (PE) pellets and fragments, polypropylene (PP) flakes and fragments and polystyrene (PS) foams. The tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP), tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the three predominant compounds found overall. The maximum Σ4 OPEs concentration was 84,595.9 ng g− 1, almost three orders of magnitude higher than the maximum Σ9 PAEs concentration. The PP flakes and PS foams contained the highest concentrations of the additives in contrast to the PE pellets which contained the lowest. The high concentration level of carcinogenic chlorinated OPEs and DEHP with endocrine disrupting effects implied the suggested potential hazards to coastal organisms. Spatial differences and compositional variation of the additives among the different microplastics suggests different origins and residence times in the coastal environment. This indicates that the characteristics of chemical additives might be a useful approach when tracing sources of microplastics in the environment.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.163} (DOI). Zhang, H.; Zhou, Q.; Xie, Z.; Zhou, Y.; Tu, C.; Fu, C.; Mi, W.; Ebinghaus, R.; Christie, P.; Luo, Y.: Occurrences of organophosphorus esters and phthalates in the microplastics from the coastal beaches in north China. Science of the Total Environment. 2018. vol. 616-617, 1505-1512. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.163}} @misc{jiskra_a_vegetation_2018, author={Jiskra, M., Sonke, J.E., Obrist, D., Bieser, J., Ebinghaus, R., Myhre, C.L., Pfaffhuber, K.A., Waengberg, I., Kylloenen, K., Worthy, D., Martin, L.G., Labuschagne, C., Mkololo, T., Ramonet, M., Magand, O., Dommergue, A.}, title={A vegetation control on seasonal variations in global atmospheric mercury concentrations}, year={2018}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0078-8}, abstract = {Anthropogenic mercury emissions are transported through the atmosphere as gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) before they are deposited to Earth’s surface. Strong seasonality in atmospheric Hg(0) concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere has been explained by two factors: anthropogenic Hg(0) emissions are thought to peak in winter due to higher energy consumption, and atmospheric oxidation rates of Hg(0) are faster in summer. Oxidation-driven Hg(0) seasonality should be equally pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere, which is inconsistent with observations of constant year-round Hg(0) levels. Here, we assess the role of Hg(0) uptake by vegetation as an alternative mechanism for driving Hg(0) seasonality. We find that at terrestrial sites in the Northern Hemisphere, Hg(0) co-varies with CO2, which is known to exhibit a minimum in summer when CO2 is assimilated by vegetation. The amplitude of seasonal oscillations in the atmospheric Hg(0) concentration increases with latitude and is larger at inland terrestrial sites than coastal sites. Using satellite data, we find that the photosynthetic activity of vegetation correlates with Hg(0) levels at individual sites and across continents. We suggest that terrestrial vegetation acts as a global Hg(0) pump, which can contribute to seasonal variations of atmospheric Hg(0), and that decreasing Hg(0) levels in the Northern Hemisphere over the past 20 years can be partly attributed to increased terrestrial net primary production.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0078-8} (DOI). Jiskra, M.; Sonke, J.; Obrist, D.; Bieser, J.; Ebinghaus, R.; Myhre, C.; Pfaffhuber, K.; Waengberg, I.; Kylloenen, K.; Worthy, D.; Martin, L.; Labuschagne, C.; Mkololo, T.; Ramonet, M.; Magand, O.; Dommergue, A.: A vegetation control on seasonal variations in global atmospheric mercury concentrations. Nature Geoscience. 2018. vol. 11, 244-250. DOI: 10.1038/s41561-018-0078-8}} @misc{apel_organic_uv_2018, author={Apel, C., Tang, J., Joerss, H., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Organic UV stabilizers in the coastal and marine environment of Europe and China}, year={2018}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Krakau (PL);}, note = {Apel, C.; Tang, J.; Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Organic UV stabilizers in the coastal and marine environment of Europe and China. 38th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, DioXin 2018. Krakau (PL), 2018.}} @misc{zhong_occurrences_and_2018, author={Zhong, M., Wu, H., Mi, W., Li, F., Ji, C., Ebinghaus, R., Tang, J., Xie, Z.}, title={Occurrences and distribution characteristics of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in the sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China}, year={2018}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.272}, abstract = {Concentrations and distribution characteristics of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in surface sediment samples were analyzed and discussed for the first time in the open Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS). Three halogenated OPEs [tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), and tris-(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP)] and five non-halogenated OPEs [tri-isobutyl phosphate (TiBP), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tripentyl phosphate (TPeP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and tris-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP)] were detected in this region. The concentrations of eight OPEs in total (Σ8OPEs) ranged from 83 to 4552 pg g− 1 dry weight (dw). The halogenated OPEs showed higher abundances than the non-halogenated ones did, with TCEP, TCPP, and TEHP the main compounds. Generally, concentrations of OPEs in the BS were higher than those in the YS. Riverine input (mainly the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW)) and deposition effect in the mud areas might have influenced the spatial distributions of OPEs. Correlation between OPE concentrations and total organic carbon (TOC) indicated TOC was an effective indicator for the distribution of OPEs. Inventory analysis of OPEs implied that sea sediment might not be the major reservoir of these compounds.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.272} (DOI). Zhong, M.; Wu, H.; Mi, W.; Li, F.; Ji, C.; Ebinghaus, R.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.: Occurrences and distribution characteristics of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in the sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China. Science of the Total Environment. 2018. vol. 615, 1305-1311. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.272}} @misc{li_spatial_distribution_2018, author={Li, J., Tang, J., Mi, W., Tian, C., Emeis, K., Ebinghaus, R., Xie, Z.}, title={Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Organophosphate Esters in Air above the Bohai and Yellow Seas; China}, year={2018}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03807}, abstract = {Nine organophosphate esters (OPEs) were investigated in air samples collected over the Bohai and Yellow Seas (East Asia) during a research cruise between June 28 and July 13, 2016. These same OPEs were quantified at a research site (North Huangcheng Island, NHI) in the middle of the Bohai Strait from May 16, 2015, to March 21, 2016. The median total OPE (ΣOPE) concentration over the Bohai and Yellow Seas was 280 pg/m3. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) (TCPP) was the most abundant OPE, followed by tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TiBP), and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP). Particle-bound OPEs accounted for 51 ± 21% of the total OPEs. On NHI, the median ΣOPE concentration was 210 pg/m3, and the average particle-bound fraction was 82 ± 17%. For samples collected on NHI, significant negative linear correlations were found between the gaseous OPEs and 1/T (T: temperature (K)) (except TDCP, TPeP, and TCP). Among the 79 investigated samples, significant correlations between the measured OPE gas/particle partitioning coefficients (Kp,m) and subcooled liquid pressure (PL◦) (p < 0.05) were found for only 14 samples, suggesting that OPEs have low potential to achieve equilibrium or ascribe to the artificial sampling. The annual dry deposition input of OPEs into the Bohai and Yellow Seas is estimated to be 12 tons/year.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03807} (DOI). Li, J.; Tang, J.; Mi, W.; Tian, C.; Emeis, K.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.: Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Organophosphate Esters in Air above the Bohai and Yellow Seas; China. Environmental Science and Technology. 2018. vol. 52, no. 1, 89-97. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03807}} @misc{apel_environmental_occurrence_2018, author={Apel, C., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers in the sediment of the North and Baltic Seas}, year={2018}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Rom (I);}, note = {Apel, C.; Ebinghaus, R.: Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers in the sediment of the North and Baltic Seas. SETAC Europe 28th Annual Meeting. Rom (I), 2018.}} @misc{apel_environmental_occurrence_2018, author={Apel, C., Tang, J., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers in the sediment of the Bohai and Yellow Seas}, year={2018}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Rom (I);}, note = {Apel, C.; Tang, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers in the sediment of the Bohai and Yellow Seas. SETAC Europe 28th Annual Meeting. Rom (I), 2018.}} @misc{apel_environmental_occurrence_2018, author={Apel, C., Tang, J., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas}, year={2018}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.051}, abstract = {Organic UV stabilizers and UV filters are applied to industrial materials and cosmetics worldwide. In plastics they prevent photo-induced degradation, while in cosmetics they protect human skin against harmful effects of UV radiation. This study reports on the occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the surface sediment of the Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas for the first time. In total, 16 out of 21 analyzed substances were positively detected. Concentrations ranged from sub-ng/g dw to low ng/g dw. The highest concentration of 25 ng/g dw was found for octocrylene (OC) in the Laizhou Bay. In the study area, characteristic composition profiles could be identified. In Korea Bay, the dominating substances were OC and ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS). All other analytes were below their method quantification limit (MQL). Around the Shandong Peninsula, highest concentrations of benzotriazole derivatives were observed in this study with octrizole (UV-329) as the predominant compound, reaching concentrations of 6.09 ng/g dw. The distribution pattern of UV-329 and bumetrizole (UV-326) were related (Pearson correlation coefficient r > 0.98, p « 0.01 around the Shandong Peninsula), indicating an identical input pathway and similar environmental behavior.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.051} (DOI). Apel, C.; Tang, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas. Environmental Pollution. 2018. vol. 235, 85-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.051}} @misc{joerss_occurrence_and_2018, author={Joerss, H., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Occurrence and distribution of legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and fluorinated alternatives in coastal waters of the German North and Baltic Seas}, year={2018}, howpublished = {conference poster: Rom (I);}, note = {Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence and distribution of legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and fluorinated alternatives in coastal waters of the German North and Baltic Seas. In: SETAC Europe 28th Annual Meeting. Rom (I). 2018.}} @misc{zhen_from_headwaters_2018, author={Zhen, X., Tang, J., Liu, L., Wang, X., Li, Y., Xie, Z.}, title={From headwaters to estuary: Distribution and fate of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in a river basin near the largest HFR manufacturing base in China}, year={2018}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.091}, abstract = {With the gradual phasing out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), market demands for alternative halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) are increasing. The Laizhou Bay area is the biggest manufacturing base for brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in China, and the Xiaoqing River is the largest and most heavily contaminated river in this region. Water and sediment samples were collected from the headwaters to the estuary of the Xiaoqing River to investigate the distribution and fate of HFRs [i.e., PBDEs, alternative brominated flame retardants (aBFRs) and dechlorane plus (DPs). In the water samples, DPs was the most abundant flame retardant (median: 11.7 ng/L), followed by decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) (5.92 ng/L). In the sediment samples, DBDPE was the predominant flame retardant (39.5 ng/g dw), followed by decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) (2.81 ng/g dw). The levels of DBDPE exceeded those of BDE 209 in most samples, indicating the overwhelming replacement of BDE 209 by DBDPE in this area. In the river section of this study, point source and atmospheric deposition followed by land runoff were the major factors influencing the distribution of HFRs, whereas in the estuary, riverine discharge, the estuarine maximum turbidity zone (MTZ), and hydrodynamic parameters played more important roles. Manufacturing is a significant source of contamination of the Xiaoqing River basin through atmospheric deposition and wastewater discharge.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.091} (DOI). Zhen, X.; Tang, J.; Liu, L.; Wang, X.; Li, Y.; Xie, Z.: From headwaters to estuary: Distribution and fate of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in a river basin near the largest HFR manufacturing base in China. Science of the Total Environment. 2018. vol. 621, 1370-1377. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.091}} @misc{fromme_occurrence_of_2018, author={Fromme, H., Mi, W., Lahrz, T., Kraft, M., Aschenbrenner, B., Bruessow, B., Ebinghaus, R., Xie, Z., Fembacher, L.}, title={Occurrence of carbazoles in dust and air samples from different locations in Germany}, year={2018}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.070}, abstract = {Due to limited toxicological information and exposure data for other relevant pathways (e.g., dietary intake), the risk assessment is inconclusive. Nevertheless, there are indications that 9H-carbazole has carcinogenic properties and that halogenated carbazoles have dioxin-like toxicities. Therefore, further research is essential.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.070} (DOI). Fromme, H.; Mi, W.; Lahrz, T.; Kraft, M.; Aschenbrenner, B.; Bruessow, B.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.; Fembacher, L.: Occurrence of carbazoles in dust and air samples from different locations in Germany. Science of the Total Environment. 2018. vol. 610 - 611, 412-418. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.070}} @misc{massei_screening_of_2018, author={Massei, R., Busch, W., Wolschke, H., Schinkel, L., Bitsch, M., Schulze, T., Krauss, M., Brack, W.}, title={Screening of Pesticide and Biocide Patterns As Risk Drivers in Sediments of Major European River Mouths: Ubiquitous or River Basin-Specific Contamination?}, year={2018}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04355}, abstract = {Pesticides and biocides (PaB) are ubiquitously present in aquatic ecosystems due to their widespread application and have been detected in rivers at concentrations that may cause distress to aquatic life. Many of these compounds accumulate in sediments acting as long-term source for aquatic ecosystems. However, data on sediment contamination with current-use PaB in Europe are scarce. Thus, in this study, we elucidated PaB patterns and associated risks in sediments of seven major European rivers focusing on their last stretch as an integrative sink of particles transported by these rivers. Sediments were extracted with pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) using a broad-spectrum method recovering many compound classes with a wide range of physicochemical properties. Altogether 126 compounds were analyzed and 81 of them were detected with LC-HRMS and GC-NCI-MS/MS at least in one of the sediments. The highest number of compounds was detected (59) in River Elbe sediments close to Cuxhaven with outstanding concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 1691 mg/g organic carbon. Multivariate analysis identified a cluster with 3 ubiquitous compounds (cyhalothrin, carbendazim, fenpropimorph) and three clusters of chemicals with higher variability within and between rivers. Risk assessment indicates an acute toxic risk to benthic crustaceans at all investigated sites with the pyrethroids tefluthrin and cyfluthrin together with the fungicide carbendazim as the main drivers. Risks to algae were driven at most sites almost exclusively by photosynthesis inhibitors with estuary-specific herbicide mixtures, while in the rivers Po and Gironde cell division inhibitors played an important role at some sites. Mixtures of specific concern have been defined and suggested for integration in future monitoring programs.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04355} (DOI). Massei, R.; Busch, W.; Wolschke, H.; Schinkel, L.; Bitsch, M.; Schulze, T.; Krauss, M.; Brack, W.: Screening of Pesticide and Biocide Patterns As Risk Drivers in Sediments of Major European River Mouths: Ubiquitous or River Basin-Specific Contamination?. Environmental Science and Technology. 2018. vol. 52, no. 4, 2251-2260. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04355}} @misc{wolschke_regional_variations_2018, author={Wolschke, H., Sühring, R., Massai, R., Tang, J., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Regional variations of organophosphorus flame retardants - Fingerprint of large river basin estuaries/deltas in Europe compared with China}, year={2018}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.061}, abstract = {This study reports the occurrence and distribution of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizer (OPEs) in sediments of eight large river basin estuaries and deltas across Europe. A robust and sensitive OPE analysis method was developed through the application of an in-cell clean-up in an accelerated solvent extraction and the use of an GC-MSMS System for instrumental analyses. OPEs were detected in all sediment samples with sum concentrations of up to 181 ng g−1 dw. A fingerprinting method was used to identify river specific pattern to compare river systems. The estuaries and deltas were chosen to have a conglomerate print of the whole river. The results are showing very similar OPE patterns across Europe with minor differences driven by local industrial input. The European estuary concentrations and patterns were compared with OPEs detected in the Xiaoquing River in China, as an example for a region with other production, usage and legislative regulations. The Chinese fingerprint differed significant from the overall European pattern.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.061} (DOI). Wolschke, H.; Sühring, R.; Massai, R.; Tang, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Regional variations of organophosphorus flame retardants - Fingerprint of large river basin estuaries/deltas in Europe compared with China. Environmental Pollution. 2018. vol. 236, 391-395. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.061}} @misc{slemr_mercury_distribution_2018, author={Slemr, F., Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Bieser, J., Brenninkmeijer, C., Rauthe-Schöch, A., Hermann, M., Martinsson, B., van Velthoven, P., Bönisch, H., Neumaier, M., Zahn, A., Ziereis, H.}, title={Mercury distribution in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere according to measurements by the IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory: 2014–2016}, year={2018}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12329-2018}, abstract = {Increased upper tropospheric total mercury (TM) concentrations due to large scale biomass burning were observed in the upper troposphere (UT) at the equator and southern latitudes during the flights to Latin America and South Africa in boreal autumn (SON) and boreal winter (DJF). TM concentrations in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) decrease with altitude above the thermal tropopause but the gradient is less steep than reported before. Seasonal variation of the vertical TM distribution in the UT and LMS is similar to that of other trace gases with surface sources and stratospheric sinks. Speciation experiments suggest comparable TM and gaseous elementary mercury (GEM) concentrations at and below the tropopause leaving little space for Hg2+ (TM − GEM) being the dominating component of TM here. In the stratosphere significant GEM concentrations were found to exist up to 4 km altitude above the thermal tropopause. Correlations with N2O as a reference tracer suggest stratospheric lifetimes of 72±37 and 74±27 years for TM and GEM, respectively, comparable to the stratospheric lifetime of COS. This coincidence, combined with pieces of evidence from us and other researchers, corroborates the hypothesis that Hg2+ formed by oxidation in the stratosphere attaches to sulfate particles formed mainly by oxidation of COS and is removed with them from the stratosphere by air mass exchange, gravitational sedimentation and cloud scavenging processes.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12329-2018} (DOI). Slemr, F.; Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Bieser, J.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Rauthe-Schöch, A.; Hermann, M.; Martinsson, B.; van Velthoven, P.; Bönisch, H.; Neumaier, M.; Zahn, A.; Ziereis, H.: Mercury distribution in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere according to measurements by the IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory: 2014–2016. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2018. vol. 18, no. 16, 12329-12343. DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-12329-2018}} @misc{apel_occurrence_and_2017, author={Apel, C., Tang, J., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers in sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas}, year={2017}, howpublished = {conference poster: Oslo (N);}, note = {Apel, C.; Tang, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers in sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas. In: 16th International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment, ICCE 2017. Oslo (N). 2017.}} @misc{li_perfluorinated_alkyl_2017, author={Li, Y., Cheng, Y., Xie, Z., Zeng, F.}, title={Perfluorinated alkyl substances in serum of the southern Chinese general population and potential impact on thyroid hormones}, year={2017}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43380}, abstract = {In this study, eight perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) and five thyroid hormones (TSH, FT4, FT3, TGAb, and TMAb) were determined in 202 human serum samples of the general population of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces in southern China. Σ8PFASs concentrations ranged from 0.85 to 24.3 ng/mL with a mean value of 4.66 ng/mL. The PFASs composition profiles of human serum samples nearly make no difference at different locations. A significant increase was observed for ∑8PFASs, PFOS, and PFHxS concentrations with age (p < 0.01). Gender-related differences were found; PFOS, PFHxS, PFBS, and PFOA levels were higher in males (p < 0.05), and the mean concentration of ∑8PFASs was 1.5 times greater in males (6.02 ng/mL) than in females (4.15 ng/mL). PFOS and ∑8PFASs were significantly negatively correlated with FT3 and FT4 and positively correlated with TSH while PFPeA and PFHxA were significantly positively correlated with TGAb and TMAb in all the samples. The opposite associations between FT3, TSH and PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS levels in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism group indicate that the PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS enhance the negative feedback mechanisms of the thyroid gland.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43380} (DOI). Li, Y.; Cheng, Y.; Xie, Z.; Zeng, F.: Perfluorinated alkyl substances in serum of the southern Chinese general population and potential impact on thyroid hormones. Scientific Reports. 2017. vol. 7, 43380. DOI: 10.1038/srep43380}} @misc{ma_organophosphate_ester_2017, author={Ma, Y., Xie, Z., Lohmann, R., Mi, W., Gao, G.}, title={Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Ocean Sediments from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean}, year={2017}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00755}, abstract = {The presence of organophosphate ester (OPE) flame retardants and plasticizers in surface sediment from the North Pacific to Arctic Ocean was observed for the first time during the fourth National Arctic Research Expedition of China in the summer of 2010. The samples were analyzed for three halogenated OPEs [tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), and tris(dichloroisopropyl) phosphate], three alkylated OPEs [triisobutyl phosphate (TiBP), tri-n-butyl phosphate, and tripentyl phosphate], and triphenyl phosphate. Σ7OPEs (total concentration of the observed OPEs) was in the range of 159–4658 pg/g of dry weight. Halogenated OPEs were generally more abundant than the nonhalogenated OPEs; TCEP and TiBP dominated the overall concentrations. Except for that of the Bering Sea, Σ7OPEs values increased with increasing latitudes from Bering Strait to the Central Arctic Ocean, while the contributions of halogenated OPEs (typically TCEP and TCPP) to the total OPE profile also increased from the Bering Strait to the Central Arctic Ocean, indicating they are more likely to be transported to the remote Arctic. The median budget of 52 (range of 17–292) tons for Σ7OPEs in sediment from the Central Arctic Ocean represents only a very small amount of their total production volume, yet the amount of OPEs in Arctic Ocean sediment was significantly larger than the sum of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the sediment, indicating they are equally prone to long-range transport away from source regions. Given the increasing level of production and usage of OPEs as substitutes of PBDEs, OPEs will continue to accumulate in the remote Arctic.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00755} (DOI). Ma, Y.; Xie, Z.; Lohmann, R.; Mi, W.; Gao, G.: Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Ocean Sediments from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean. Environmental Science and Technology. 2017. vol. 51, no. 7, 3809-3815. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00755}} @misc{apel_occurrence_and_2017, author={Apel, C., Tang, J., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers in sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas}, year={2017}, howpublished = {conference poster: Vancouver (CDN);}, note = {Apel, C.; Tang, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers in sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas. In: 37th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, DIOXIN 2017. Vancouver (CDN). 2017.}} @misc{fengler_development_of_2017, author={Fengler, J., Apel, C., Gandrass, J., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Development of a LC-MS/MS method to determine synthetic antioxidants from plastic products in the marine environment}, year={2017}, howpublished = {conference poster: Oslo (N);}, note = {Fengler, J.; Apel, C.; Gandrass, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Development of a LC-MS/MS method to determine synthetic antioxidants from plastic products in the marine environment. In: 16th International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment, ICCE 2017. Oslo (N). 2017.}} @misc{zhao_perfluoroalkyl_and_2017, author={Zhao, Z., Tang, J., Mi, L., Tian, C., Zhong, G., Zhang, G., Wang, S., Li, Q., Ebinghaus, R., Xie, Z., Sun, H.}, title={Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the lower atmosphere and surface waters of the Chinese Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and Yangtze River estuary}, year={2017}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.147}, abstract = {Polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), in the forms of neutral polyfluoroalkyl substances in the gas phase of air and ionic perfluoroalkyl substances in the dissolved phase of surface water, were investigated during a sampling campaign in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and Yangtze River estuary in May 2012. In the gas phase, the concentrations of neutral ∑ PFASs were within the range of 76–551 pg/m3. Higher concentrations were observed in the South Yellow Sea. 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) was the predominant compound as it accounted for 92%–95% of neutral ∑ PFASs in all air samples. Air mass backward trajectory analysis indicated that neutral ∑ PFASs came mainly from the coast of the Yellow Sea, including the Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces of China, and the coastal region of South Korea. The fluxes of gas phase dry deposition were simulated for neutral PFASs, and neutral ∑ PFASs fluxes varied from 0.37 to 2.3 pg/m2/s. In the dissolved phase of the surface water, concentrations of ionic ∑ PFASs ranged from 1.6 to 118 ng/L, with the Bohai Sea exhibiting higher concentrations than both the Yellow Sea and the Yangtze River estuary. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the predominant compound accounting for 51%–90% of the ionic ∑ PFAS concentrations. Releases from industrial and domestic activities as well as the semiclosed geographical conditions increased the level of ionic ∑ PFASs in the Bohai Sea. The spatial distributions of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) were different significantly. The Laizhou Bay was the major source region of PFCAs and the Yangtze River estuary was the major source of PFSAs.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.147} (DOI). Zhao, Z.; Tang, J.; Mi, L.; Tian, C.; Zhong, G.; Zhang, G.; Wang, S.; Li, Q.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.; Sun, H.: Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the lower atmosphere and surface waters of the Chinese Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and Yangtze River estuary. Science of the Total Environment. 2017. vol. 599-600, 114-123. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.147}} @misc{freese_maternal_transfer_2017, author={Freese, M., Suehring, R., Marohn, L., Pohlmann, J.-D., Wolschke, H., Byer, J.D., Alaee, M., Ebinghaus, R., Hanel, R.}, title={Maternal transfer of dioxin-like compounds in artificially matured European eels}, year={2017}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.096}, abstract = {This study presents analytical data on maternal transfer of dioxin-like (dl) compounds in relevant tissue samples taken from artificially matured and non-matured European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) from German inland waters using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS). Detected concentrations revealed a lipid-driven transfer of targeted compounds from muscle-fat-reserves to gonads and eggs respectively, with no distinct preferences concerning the chlorination degree of targeted compounds. Dl-PCBs were shown to contribute the major share of toxicity equivalents found in analysed eel tissues. Maternal muscle tissue to egg concentration ratios in wet weight–based samples had a mean of 6.95 ± 1.49 in accordance with the differences in total lipid content in the respective body matrices. Dioxins and furans in analysed samples were (from a toxicological point of view) of less relevance. Furthermore it was shown that muscle concentrations in silver eels could be used in future assessments to make conservative predictions for expected egg concentrations in female eels.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.096} (DOI). Freese, M.; Suehring, R.; Marohn, L.; Pohlmann, J.; Wolschke, H.; Byer, J.; Alaee, M.; Ebinghaus, R.; Hanel, R.: Maternal transfer of dioxin-like compounds in artificially matured European eels. Environmental Pollution. 2017. vol. 227, 348-356. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.096}} @misc{travnikov_multimodel_study_2017, author={Travnikov, O., Angot, H., Artaxo, P., Bencardino, M., Bieser, J., D`Àmore, F., Dastoor, A., De Simone, F., del Carmen Dieguez, M., Dommergue, A., Ebinghaus, R., Feng, X.B., Gencarelli, C.N., Hedgecock, I.M., Magand, O., Martin, L., Matthias, V., Mashyanov, N., Pirrone, N., Ramachandran, R., Read, K.A., Ryjkov, A., Selin, N.E., Sena, F., Song, S., Sprovieri, F., Wip, D., Waengberg, I., Yang, X.}, title={Multi-model study of mercury dispersion in the atmosphere: Atmospheric processes and model evaluation}, year={2017}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5271-2017}, abstract = {Current understanding of mercury (Hg) behaviour in the atmosphere contains significant gaps. Some key characteristics of Hg processes including anthropogenic and geogenic emissions, atmospheric chemistry, and air-surface exchange are still poorly known. This study provides a complex analysis of processes governing Hg fate in the atmosphere involving both measurement data from ground-based sites and simulation results of chemical transport models. A variety of long-term measurements of gaseous elemental Hg (GEM) and reactive Hg (RM) concentration as well as Hg wet deposition flux has been compiled from different global and regional monitoring networks. Four contemporary global-scale transport models for Hg were applied both in their state-of-the-art configurations and for a number of numerical experiments aimed at evaluation of particular processes. Results of the model simulation were evaluated against measurements. As it follows from the analysis the inter-hemispheric gradient of GEM is largely formed by the spatial distribution of anthropogenic emissions which prevail in the Northern Hemisphere. Contribution of natural and secondary emissions enhances the south-to-north gradient but their effect is less significant. The atmospheric chemistry does not affect considerably both spatial distribution and temporal variation of GEM concentration in the surface air. On the other hand, RM air concentration and wet deposition are largely defined by oxidation chemistry. The Br oxidation mechanism allows successfully reproducing observed seasonal variation of the RM / GEM ratio in the near-surface layer, whereas it predicts maximum in wet deposition in spring instead of summer as observed at monitoring sites located in North America and Europe. Model runs with the OH chemistry correctly simulate both the periods of maximum and minimum values and the amplitude of observed seasonal variation but lead to shifting the maximum RM / GEM ratios from spring to summer. The O3 chemistry does not provide significant seasonal variation of Hg oxidation. Thus, performance of the considered Hg oxidation mechanisms differs in reproduction of different observed parameters that can imply possibility of more complex chemistry and multiple pathways of Hg oxidation occurring concurrently in various parts of the atmosphere.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5271-2017} (DOI). Travnikov, O.; Angot, H.; Artaxo, P.; Bencardino, M.; Bieser, J.; D`Àmore, F.; Dastoor, A.; De Simone, F.; del Carmen Dieguez, M.; Dommergue, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Feng, X.; Gencarelli, C.; Hedgecock, I.; Magand, O.; Martin, L.; Matthias, V.; Mashyanov, N.; Pirrone, N.; Ramachandran, R.; Read, K.; Ryjkov, A.; Selin, N.; Sena, F.; Song, S.; Sprovieri, F.; Wip, D.; Waengberg, I.; Yang, X.: Multi-model study of mercury dispersion in the atmosphere: Atmospheric processes and model evaluation. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017. vol. 17, no. 8, 5271-5295. DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-5271-2017}} @misc{apel_environmental_occurrence_2017, author={Apel, C., Tang, J., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers in sediments of Laizhou Bay and Bohai Sea}, year={2017}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Vancouver (CDN);}, note = {Apel, C.; Tang, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers in sediments of Laizhou Bay and Bohai Sea. 37th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, DIOXIN 2017. Vancouver (CDN), 2017.}} @misc{ma_polycyclic_aromatic_2017, author={Ma, Y., Halsall, C.J., Xie, Z., Koetke, D., Mi, W., Ebinghaus, R., Gao, G.}, title={Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ocean sediments from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean}, year={2017}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.087}, abstract = {Eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in surficial sediments along a marine transect from the North Pacific into the Arctic Ocean. The highest average Σ18PAHs concentrations were observed along the continental slope of the Canada Basin in the Arctic (68.3 ± 8.5 ng g−1 dw), followed by sediments in the Chukchi Sea shelf (49.7 ± 21.2 ng g−1 dw) and Bering Sea (39.5 ± 11.3 ng g−1 dw), while the Bering Strait (16.8 ± 7.1 ng g−1 dw) and Central Arctic Ocean sediments (13.1 ± 9.6 ng g−1 dw) had relatively lower average concentrations. The use of principal components analysis with multiple linear regression (PCA/MLR) indicated that on average oil related or petrogenic sources contributed ∼42% of the measured PAHs in the sediments and marked by higher concentrations of two methylnaphthalenes over the non-alkylated parent PAH, naphthalene. Wood and coal combustion contributed ∼32%, and high temperature pyrogenic sources contributing ∼26%. Petrogenic sources, such as oil seeps, allochthonous coal and coastally eroded material such as terrigenous sediments particularly affected the Chukchi Sea shelf and slope of the Canada Basin, while biomass and coal combustion sources appeared to have greater influence in the central Arctic Ocean, possibly due to the effects of episodic summertime forest fires.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.087} (DOI). Ma, Y.; Halsall, C.; Xie, Z.; Koetke, D.; Mi, W.; Ebinghaus, R.; Gao, G.: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ocean sediments from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean. Environmental Pollution. 2017. vol. 227, 498-504. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.087}} @misc{bieser_multimodel_study_2017, author={Bieser, J., Slemr, F., Ambrose, J., Brenninkmeijer, C., Brooks, S., Dastoor, A., De Simone, F., Ebinghaus, R., Gencarelli, C., Geyer, B., Gratz, L.E., Hedgecock, I.M., Jaffe, D., Kelley, P., Lin, C.-J., Matthias, V., Ryjkov, A., Selin, N., Song, S., Travnikov, O., Weigelt, A., Luke, W., Ren, X., Zahn, A., Yang, X., Zhu, Y., Pirrone, N.}, title={Multi-model study of mercury dispersion in the atmosphere: Vertical distribution of mercury species}, year={2017}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6925-2017}, abstract = {The investigated models proved to be able to reproduce the distribution of total and elemental mercury concentrations in the troposphere including interhemispheric trends. One key aspect of the study is the investigation of mercury oxidation in the troposphere. We found that different chemistry schemes were better at reproducing observed oxidized mercury patterns depending on altitude. High concentrations of oxidized mercury in the upper troposphere could be reproduced with oxidation by bromine while elevated concentrations in the lower troposphere were better reproduced by OH and ozone chemistry. However, the results were not always conclusive as the physical and chemical parameterizations in the chemistry transport models also proved to have a substantial impact on model results.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6925-2017} (DOI). Bieser, J.; Slemr, F.; Ambrose, J.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Brooks, S.; Dastoor, A.; De Simone, F.; Ebinghaus, R.; Gencarelli, C.; Geyer, B.; Gratz, L.; Hedgecock, I.; Jaffe, D.; Kelley, P.; Lin, C.; Matthias, V.; Ryjkov, A.; Selin, N.; Song, S.; Travnikov, O.; Weigelt, A.; Luke, W.; Ren, X.; Zahn, A.; Yang, X.; Zhu, Y.; Pirrone, N.: Multi-model study of mercury dispersion in the atmosphere: Vertical distribution of mercury species. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017. vol. 17, no. 11, 6925-6955. DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-6925-2017}} @misc{martin_trend_of_2017, author={Martin, L., Labuschagne, C., Brunke, E., Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Slemr, F.}, title={Trend of atmospheric mercury concentrations at Cape Point for 1995–2004 and since 2007}, year={2017}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2393-2017}, abstract = {Seasonally resolved trends suggest a modulation of the overall trend by regional processes. The trends in absolute terms (downward in 1995–2004 and upward in 2007–2015) are highest in austral spring (SON), coinciding with the peak in emissions from biomass burning in South America and southern Africa. The influence of trends in biomass burning is further supported by a biennial variation in GEM concentration found here and an El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signature in GEM concentrations reported recently.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2393-2017} (DOI). Martin, L.; Labuschagne, C.; Brunke, E.; Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Slemr, F.: Trend of atmospheric mercury concentrations at Cape Point for 1995–2004 and since 2007. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017. vol. 17, no. 3, 2393-2399. DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-2393-2017}} @misc{li_organophosphate_esters_2017, author={Li, J., Xie, Z., Mi, W., Lai, S., Tian, C., Emeis, K., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Organophosphate Esters in Air, Snow, and Seawater in the North Atlantic and the Arctic}, year={2017}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01289}, abstract = {The concentrations of eight organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been investigated in air, snow and seawater samples collected during the cruise of ARK-XXVIII/2 from sixth June to third July 2014 across the North Atlantic and the Arctic. The sum of gaseous and particle concentrations (ΣOPE) ranged from 35 to 343 pg/m3. The three chlorinated OPEs accounted for 88 ± 5% of the ΣOPE. The most abundant OPE was tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), with concentrations ranging from 30 to 227 pg/m3, followed by three major OPEs, such as tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP, 0.8 to 82 pg/m3), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP, 2 to 19 pg/m3), and tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TiBP, 0.3 to 14 pg/m3). The ΣOPE concentrations in snow and seawater ranged from 4356 to 10561 pg/L and from 348 to 8396 pg/L, respectively. The atmospheric particle-bound dry depositions of TCEP ranged from 2 to 12 ng/m2/day. The air–seawater gas exchange fluxes were dominated by net volatilization from seawater to air for TCEP (mean, 146 ± 239 ng/m2/day), TCPP (mean, 1670 ± 3031 ng/m2/day), TiBP (mean, 537 ± 581 ng/m2/day) and TnBP (mean, 230 ± 254 ng/m2/day). This study highlighted that OPEs are subject to long-range transport via both air and seawater from the European continent and seas to the North Atlantic and the Arctic.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01289} (DOI). Li, J.; Xie, Z.; Mi, W.; Lai, S.; Tian, C.; Emeis, K.; Ebinghaus, R.: Organophosphate Esters in Air, Snow, and Seawater in the North Atlantic and the Arctic. Environmental Science and Technology. 2017. vol. 51, no. 12, 6887-6896. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01289}} @misc{sprovieri_fiveyear_records_2017, author={Sprovieri, F., Pirrone, N., Bencardino, M., D'Amore, F., Angot, H., Barbante, C., Brunke, E.-G., Arcega-Cabrera, F., Cairns, W., Comero, S., Del Carmen Diéguez, M., Dommergue, A., Ebinghaus, R., Bin Feng, X., Fu, X., Elizabeth Garcia, P., Manfred Gawlik, B., Hageström, U., Hansson, K., Horvat, M., Kotnik, J., Labuschagne, C., Magand, O., Martin, L., Mashyanov, N., Mkololo, T., Munthe, J., Obolkin, V., Ramirez Islas, M., Sena, F., Somerset, V., Spandow, P., Vardè, M., Walters, C., Wängberg, I., Weigelt, A., Yang, X., Zhang, H.}, title={Five-year records of mercury wet deposition flux at GMOS sites in the Northern and Southern hemispheres}, year={2017}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2689-2017}, abstract = {The atmospheric deposition of mercury (Hg) occurs via several mechanisms, including dry and wet scavenging by precipitation events. In an effort to understand the atmospheric cycling and seasonal depositional characteristics of Hg, wet deposition samples were collected for approximately 5 years at 17 selected GMOS monitoring sites located in the Northern and Southern hemispheres in the framework of the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project. Total mercury (THg) exhibited annual and seasonal patterns in Hg wet deposition samples. Interannual differences in total wet deposition are mostly linked with precipitation volume, with the greatest deposition flux occurring in the wettest years. This data set provides a new insight into baseline concentrations of THg concentrations in precipitation worldwide, particularly in regions such as the Southern Hemisphere and tropical areas where wet deposition as well as atmospheric Hg species were not investigated before, opening the way for future and additional simultaneous measurements across the GMOS network as well as new findings in future modeling studies.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2689-2017} (DOI). Sprovieri, F.; Pirrone, N.; Bencardino, M.; D'Amore, F.; Angot, H.; Barbante, C.; Brunke, E.; Arcega-Cabrera, F.; Cairns, W.; Comero, S.; Del Carmen Diéguez, M.; Dommergue, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Bin Feng, X.; Fu, X.; Elizabeth Garcia, P.; Manfred Gawlik, B.; Hageström, U.; Hansson, K.; Horvat, M.; Kotnik, J.; Labuschagne, C.; Magand, O.; Martin, L.; Mashyanov, N.; Mkololo, T.; Munthe, J.; Obolkin, V.; Ramirez Islas, M.; Sena, F.; Somerset, V.; Spandow, P.; Vardè, M.; Walters, C.; Wängberg, I.; Weigelt, A.; Yang, X.; Zhang, H.: Five-year records of mercury wet deposition flux at GMOS sites in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017. vol. 17, no. 4, 2689-2708. DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-2689-2017}} @misc{song_proteins_and_2017, author={Song, T., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Song, J., Liu, F., Fu, P., Shiraiwa, M., Xie, Z., Yue, D., Zhong, L., Zheng, J., Lai, S.}, title={Proteins and Amino Acids in Fine Particulate Matter in Rural Guangzhou, Southern China: Seasonal Cycles, Sources, and Atmospheric Processes}, year={2017}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00987}, abstract = {Water-soluble proteinaceous matter including proteins and free amino acids (FAAs) as well as some other chemical components was analyzed in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples collected over a period of one year in rural Guangzhou. Annual averaged protein and total FAAs concentrations were 0.79 ± 0.47 μg m–3 and 0.13 ± 0.05 μg m–3, accounting for 1.9 ± 0.7% and 0.3 ± 0.1% of PM2.5, respectively. Among FAAs, glycine was the most abundant species (19.9%), followed by valine (18.5%), methionine (16.1%), and phenylalanine (13.5%). Both proteins and FAAs exhibited distinct seasonal variations with higher concentrations in autumn and winter than those in spring and summer. Correlation analysis suggests that aerosol proteinaceous matter was mainly derived from intensive agricultural activities, biomass burning, and fugitive dust/soil resuspension. Significant correlations between proteins/FAAs and atmospheric oxidant (O3) indicate that proteins/FAAs may be involved in O3 related atmospheric processes. Our observation confirms that ambient FAAs could be degraded from proteins under the influence of O3, and the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactions were estimated for FAAs and glycine. This finding provides a possible pathway for the production of aerosol FAAs in the atmosphere, which will improve the current understanding on atmospheric processes of proteinaceous matter.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00987} (DOI). Song, T.; Wang, S.; Zhang, Y.; Song, J.; Liu, F.; Fu, P.; Shiraiwa, M.; Xie, Z.; Yue, D.; Zhong, L.; Zheng, J.; Lai, S.: Proteins and Amino Acids in Fine Particulate Matter in Rural Guangzhou, Southern China: Seasonal Cycles, Sources, and Atmospheric Processes. Environmental Science and Technology. 2017. vol. 51, no. 12, 6773-6781. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00987}} @misc{yao_per_and_2017, author={Yao, Y., Chang, S., Zhao, Y., Tang, J., Sun, H., Xie, Z.}, title={Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the urban, industrial, and background atmosphere of Northeastern China coast around the Bohai Sea: Occurrence, partitioning, and seasonal variation}, year={2017}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.023}, abstract = {Air samples were collected using high-volume samplers at two coastal towns on the Bohai Sea in China, 320 km apart, and at a background site (North Huangcheng Island) in the Bohai Sea, 50 km from the coast. A suite of neutral and ionic per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) was investigated. Urban activity was related to high levels of neutral PFASs at Tianjin while perfluorooctanoic carboxylic acid (PFOA) was dominant in the atmosphere at Weifang, possibly due to industrial sources. Polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters (diPAPs) occurred in the particle phase only, with a total concentration range of 0.02–6.72 pg m−3. The dominant homologue was 6:2 diPAP. PFASs profiles at NHI suggested direct atmospheric transport of neutral and ionic PFASs from source regions. Temperature-dependent partitioning of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) was observed in winter, when total concentrations and particle-phase fractions of FTOHs were significantly higher as compared to those in summer. Correlation analyses suggested more active gas-phase degradation of FTOHs in summer and likely heterogeneous degradation in both seasons. Overall, it is necessary to account for ionic PFASs in both gas and particle phases and particulate matter was important for atmospheric transport and for determining the fate of PFASs, especially in areas close to a source region.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.023} (DOI). Yao, Y.; Chang, S.; Zhao, Y.; Tang, J.; Sun, H.; Xie, Z.: Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the urban, industrial, and background atmosphere of Northeastern China coast around the Bohai Sea: Occurrence, partitioning, and seasonal variation. Atmospheric Environment. 2017. vol. 167, 150-158. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.023}} @misc{li_spatial_distribution_2017, author={Li, J., Tang, J., Mi, W., Tian, C., Emeis, K., Ebinghaus, R., Xie, Z.}, title={Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Organophosphate Esters in Air above the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China}, year={2017}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03807}, abstract = {Nine organophosphate esters (OPEs) were investigated in air samples collected over the Bohai and Yellow Seas (East Asia) during a research cruise between June 28 and July 13, 2016. These same OPEs were quantified at a research site (North Huangcheng Island, NHI) in the middle of the Bohai Strait from May 16, 2015, to March 21, 2016. The median total OPE (ΣOPE) concentration over the Bohai and Yellow Seas was 280 pg/m3. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) (TCPP) was the most abundant OPE, followed by tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TiBP), and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP). Particle-bound OPEs accounted for 51 ± 21% of the total OPEs. On NHI, the median ΣOPE concentration was 210 pg/m3, and the average particle-bound fraction was 82 ± 17%. For samples collected on NHI, significant negative linear correlations were found between the gaseous OPEs and 1/T (T: temperature (K)) (except TDCP, TPeP, and TCP). Among the 79 investigated samples, significant correlations between the measured OPE gas/particle partitioning coefficients (Kp,m) and subcooled liquid pressure (PL◦) (p < 0.05) were found for only 14 samples, suggesting that OPEs have low potential to achieve equilibrium or ascribe to the artificial sampling. The annual dry deposition input of OPEs into the Bohai and Yellow Seas is estimated to be 12 tons/year.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03807} (DOI). Li, J.; Tang, J.; Mi, W.; Tian, C.; Emeis, K.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.: Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Organophosphate Esters in Air above the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China. Environmental Science and Technology. 2017. vol. 52, no. 1, 89-97. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03807}} @misc{chen_quantitative_determination_2016, author={Chen, W.-L., Xie, Z., Wolschke, H., Gandrass, J., Koetke, D., Winkelmann, M., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Quantitative determination of ultra-trace carbazoles in sediments in the coastal environment}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.051}, abstract = {Carbazole and some of its derivatives may possess dioxin-like toxicity and could be persistent in the environment, but information on their distribution and environmental fate is limited. This study developed and validated an ultra-trace targeted-analysis method for the determination of carbazole, 1,2-benzocarbazole, and 13 halogenated carbazoles in sediments from the river, coast, and North Sea. An 8-g sediment sample was extracted using accelerated solvent extraction combined with in-cell cleanup and analyzed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was sensitive and reliable with method detection limits ranging from 4.54 to 52.9 pg/g, and most of the quantification biases and relative standard deviations were <20 and <15%, respectively. Carbazole and 1,2-benzocarbazole were the predominant substances in the sediments (median 565 and 369 pg/g, respectively) followed by 3,6-dichlorocarbazole (median 196 pg/g). The detection frequencies of carbazole, benzo-, 3-chloro-, and 3,6-dichlorocarbazole were >75%, while those of 3,6-dibromo-, 1-bromo-3,6-dichloro-, and 1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichlorocarbazole were approximately 50%. Brominated carbazoles occurred more frequently in marine than river-influenced sediments, which could indicate halogenation after discharge into the river. This is the first study regarding these substances in coastal environments without apparent contamination history. The ubiquity and bioaccumulative potential of these substances needs to be considered.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.051} (DOI). Chen, W.; Xie, Z.; Wolschke, H.; Gandrass, J.; Koetke, D.; Winkelmann, M.; Ebinghaus, R.: Quantitative determination of ultra-trace carbazoles in sediments in the coastal environment. Chemosphere. 2016. vol. 150, 586-595. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.051}} @misc{wolschke_atmospheric_occurrence_2016, author={Wolschke, H., Suehring, R., Mi, W., Moeller, A., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Atmospheric occurrence and fate of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizer at the German coast}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.04.028}, abstract = {This study reports the occurrence and distribution of organophosphor esters (OPEs), used as flame retardants and plasticizer, in the marine atmosphere of the German Coast. From August 2011 to October 2012, 58 high volume air samples (gas/particle phase separately) were collected at the German North Sea coast town Büsum. With the use of a GC-MS/MS System for instrumental analysis, detection limits for OPEs in air samples could be significantly improved compared to the previously used single GC-MS method. The concentration (gas + particle phase) of total OPEs was on average 5 pg/m3, with eight of the nine investigated compounds detectable in over 50% of the samples. A focus of this investigation concerned the partioning of OPEs between the particle and the gas phase. The observed partitioning of OPEs in this study was distinguished from previous studies. While previous studies reported OPEs exclusively in the particle phase, a significant part of the sum OPE concentration (55%) was detected in the gas phase. The contribution of the gas phase even reached up to as high as 88% for individual compounds such as tri-iso-butyl phosphate.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.04.028} (DOI). Wolschke, H.; Suehring, R.; Mi, W.; Moeller, A.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Atmospheric occurrence and fate of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizer at the German coast. Atmospheric Environment. 2016. vol. 137, 1-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.04.028}} @misc{zhen_polybrominated_diphenyl_2016, author={Zhen, X., Tang, J., Xie, Z., Wang, R., Huang, G., Zheng, Q., Zhang, K., Sun, Y., Tian, C., Pan, X., Li, J., Zhang, G.}, title={Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative brominated flame retardants (aBFRs) in sediments from four bays of the Yellow Sea, North China}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.042}, abstract = {The distribution characteristics and potential sources of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative brominated flame retardants (aBFRs) were investigated in 54 surface sediment samples from four bays (Taozi Bay, Sishili Bay, Dalian Bay, and Jiaozhou Bay) of North China's Yellow Sea. Of the 54 samples studied, 51 were collected from within the four bays and 3 were from rivers emptying into Jiaozhou Bay. Decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) was the predominant flame retardant found, and concentration ranged from 0.16 to 39.7 ng g−1 dw and 1.13–49.9 ng g−1 dw in coastal and riverine sediments, respectively; these levels were followed by those of BDE 209, and its concentrations ranged from n.d. to 10.2 ng g−1 dw and 0.05–7.82 ng g−1 dw in coastal and riverine sediments, respectively. The levels of DBDPE exceeded those of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) in most of the samples in the study region, whereas the ratio of DBDPE/BDE 209 varied among the four bays. This is indicative of different usage patterns of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and also different hydrodynamic conditions among these bay areas. The spatial distribution and composition profile analysis indicated that BFRs in Jiaozhou Bay and Dalian Bay were mainly from local sources, whereas transport from Laizhou Bay by coastal currents was the major source of BFRs in Taozi Bay and Sishili Bay. Both the ∑PBDEs and ∑aBFRs (sum of pentabromotoluene (PBT), 2,3-diphenylpropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), and hexabromobenzene (HBB)) were at low concentrations in all the sediments. This is probably attributable to a combination of factors such as low regional usage of these products, atmospheric deposition patterns, coastal currents transportation patterns, and degradation processes for higher BDE congeners. This paper is the first study that has investigated the levels of DBDPE in the coastal sediments of China's Yellow Sea.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.042} (DOI). Zhen, X.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Wang, R.; Huang, G.; Zheng, Q.; Zhang, K.; Sun, Y.; Tian, C.; Pan, X.; Li, J.; Zhang, G.: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative brominated flame retardants (aBFRs) in sediments from four bays of the Yellow Sea, North China. Environmental Pollution. 2016. vol. 213, 386-394. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.042}} @misc{lai_neutral_polyfluoroalkyl_2016, author={Lai, S., Song, J., Song, T., Huang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Liu, G., Zheng, J., Mi, W., Tang, J., Zou, S., Ebinghaus, R., Xie, Z.}, title={Neutral polyfluoroalkyl substances in the atmosphere over the northern South China Sea}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.047}, abstract = {Neutral Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the atmosphere were measured during a cruise campaign over the northern South China Sea (SCS) from September to October 2013. Four groups of PFASs, i.e., fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), fluorotelomer acrylates (FTAs), fluorooctane sulfonamides (FOSAs) and fluorooctane sulfonamidoethanols (FASEs), were detected in gas samples. FTOHs was the predominant PFAS group, accounting for 95.2–99.3% of total PFASs (ΣPFASs), while the other PFASs accounted for a small fraction of ΣPFASs. The concentrations of ΣPFASs ranged from 18.0 to 109.9 pg m−3 with an average of 54.5 pg m−3. The concentrations are comparable to those reported in other marine atmosphere. Higher concentrations of ΣPFASs were observed in the continental-influenced samples than those in other samples, pointing to the substantial contribution of anthropogenic sources. Long-range transport is suggested to be a major pathway for introducing gaseous PFASs into the atmosphere over the northern SCS. In order to further understand the fate of gaseous PFASs during transport, the atmospheric decay of neutral PFASs under the influence of reaction with OH radicals and atmospheric physical processes were estimated. Concentrations of 8:2 FTOH, 6:2 FTOH and MeFBSE from selected source region to the atmosphere over the SCS after long-range transport were predicted and compared with the observed concentrations. It suggests that the reaction with OH radicals may play an important role in the atmospheric decay of PFAS during long-range transport, especially for shorted-lived species. Moreover, the influence of atmospheric physical processes on the decay of PFAS should be further considered.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.047} (DOI). Lai, S.; Song, J.; Song, T.; Huang, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Liu, G.; Zheng, J.; Mi, W.; Tang, J.; Zou, S.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.: Neutral polyfluoroalkyl substances in the atmosphere over the northern South China Sea. Environmental Pollution. 2016. vol. 214, 449-455. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.047}} @misc{weigelt_tropospheric_mercury_2016, author={Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Pirrone, N., Bieser, J., Boedewadt, J., Esposito, G., Slemr, F., Velthoven, P.F.J.van, Zahn, A., Ziereis, H.}, title={Tropospheric mercury vertical profiles between 500 and 10 000 m in central Europe}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4135-2016}, abstract = {No vertical gradient was found inside the well-mixed boundary layer (variation of less than 0.1 ng m−3) at different sites, with GEM varying from location to location between 1.4 and 1.6 ng m−3 (standard temperature and pressure, STP: T  =  273.15 K, p  =  1013.25 hPa). At all locations GEM dropped to 1.3 ng m−3 (STP) when entering the free troposphere and remained constant at higher altitudes. The combination of the vertical profile, measured on 21 August 2013 over Leipzig, Germany, with the CARIBIC measurements during ascent and descent to Frankfurt Airport, Germany, taken at approximately the same time, provide a unique central European vertical profile from inside the boundary layer (550 m a.s.l) to the upper free troposphere (10 500 m a.s.l.) and show a fairly constant free-tropospheric TGM concentration of 1.3 ng m−3 (STP).}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4135-2016} (DOI). Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Pirrone, N.; Bieser, J.; Boedewadt, J.; Esposito, G.; Slemr, F.; Velthoven, P.; Zahn, A.; Ziereis, H.: Tropospheric mercury vertical profiles between 500 and 10 000 m in central Europe. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. vol. 16, no. 6, 4135-4146. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-4135-2016}} @misc{suehring_distribution_of_2016, author={Suehring, R., Busch, F., Fricke, N., Koetke, D., Wolschke, H., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Distribution of brominated flame retardants and dechloranes between sediments and benthic fish — A comparison of a freshwater and marine habitat}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.085}, abstract = {This study provides information on HFR contamination patterns and behaviour in both marine and freshwater sediments and their potential role as contamination source for benthic fish.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.085} (DOI). Suehring, R.; Busch, F.; Fricke, N.; Koetke, D.; Wolschke, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Distribution of brominated flame retardants and dechloranes between sediments and benthic fish — A comparison of a freshwater and marine habitat. Science of the Total Environment. 2016. vol. 542, 578-585. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.085}} @misc{ebinghaus_regulated_flame_2016, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Regulated flame retardants and polyfluorinated compounds vs. their non-regulated replacement substances – Good or only less bad for the environment?}, year={2016}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Goiania (BR);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: Regulated flame retardants and polyfluorinated compounds vs. their non-regulated replacement substances – Good or only less bad for the environment?. 39th Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Chemical Society, Special Workshop on Environmental Observation Network and Analytical Quality Control. Goiania (BR), 2016.}} @misc{ebinghaus_qaqc_in_2016, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={QA/QC in research networks – The Global Mercury Observation System as an example}, year={2016}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Goiania (BR);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: QA/QC in research networks – The Global Mercury Observation System as an example. 39th Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Chemical Society, Special Workshop on Environmental Observation Network and Analytical Quality Control. Goiania (BR), 2016.}} @misc{slemr_atmospheric_mercury_2016, author={Slemr, F., Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Kock, H.H., Boedewadt, J., Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M., Rauthe-Schoech, A., Weber, S., Hermann, M., Zahn, A., Martinsson, B.}, title={Atmospheric mercury measurements onboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2291-2016}, abstract = {Goal of the project CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrumented Container) is to carry out regular and detailed observations of atmospheric composition (particles and gases) at cruising altitudes of passenger aircraft, i.e. at 9–12 km. Mercury has been measured since May 2005 by a modified Tekran instrument (Tekran Model 2537 A analyser, Tekran Inc., Toronto, Canada) during monthly intercontinental flights between Europe and South and North America, Africa, and Asia. Here we describe the instrument modifications, the post-flight processing of the raw instrument signal, and the fractionation experiments.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2291-2016} (DOI). Slemr, F.; Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H.; Boedewadt, J.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Rauthe-Schoech, A.; Weber, S.; Hermann, M.; Zahn, A.; Martinsson, B.: Atmospheric mercury measurements onboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2016. vol. 9, no. 5, 2291-2302. DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-2291-2016}} @misc{freese_a_question_2016, author={Freese, M., Suehring, R., Pohlmann, J.-D., Wolschke, H., Magath, V., Ebinghaus, R., Hanel, R.}, title={A question of origin: dioxin-like PCBs and their relevance in stock management of European eels}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-015-1565-y}, abstract = {The stock of European Eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) has reached an all-time low in 2011. Spawner quality of mature eels in terms of health status and fitness is considered one of the key elements for successful migration and reproduction. Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (dl-PCBs) are known persistent organic pollutants potentially affecting the reproductive capability and health status of eels throughout their entire lifetime. In this study, muscle tissue samples of 192 European eels of all continental life stages from 6 different water bodies and 13 sampling sites were analyzed for contamination with lipophilic dl-PCBs to investigate the potential relevance of the respective habitat in light of eel stock management. Results of this study reveal habitat-dependent and life history stage-related accumulation of targeted PCBs. Sum concentrations of targeted PCBs differed significantly between life stages and inter-habitat variability in dl-PCB levels and -profiles was observed. Among all investigated life stages, migrant silver eels were found to be the most suitable life history stage to represent their particular water system due to habitat dwell-time and their terminal contamination status. With reference to a possible negative impact of dl-PCBs on health and the reproductive capability of eels, it was hypothesized that those growing up in less polluted habitats have a better chance to produce healthy offspring than those growing up in highly polluted habitats. We suggest that the contamination status of water systems is fundamental for the life cycle of eels and needs to be considered in stock management and restocking programs.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-015-1565-y} (DOI). Freese, M.; Suehring, R.; Pohlmann, J.; Wolschke, H.; Magath, V.; Ebinghaus, R.; Hanel, R.: A question of origin: dioxin-like PCBs and their relevance in stock management of European eels. Ecotoxicology. 2016. vol. 25, no. 1, 41-55. DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1565-y}} @misc{brunke_mercury_in_2016, author={Brunke, E.-G., Walters, C., Mkololo, T., Martin, L., Labuschagne, C., Silwana, B., Slemr, F., Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Somerset, V.}, title={Mercury in the atmosphere and in rainwater at Cape Point, South Africa}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.059}, abstract = {Mercury measurements were concurrently made in air (Gaseous Elemental Mercury, i.e. GEM) as well as in precipitation samples (Total mercury, i.e. TotHg) over a seven year period (2007–2013) at Cape Point, South Africa, during the rainy seasons (May–October). Eighty-five rain events, almost exclusively associated with cold fronts, have been identified of which 75% reached the Cape Point observatory directly across the Atlantic Ocean from the south, while 19% moved in to the measuring site via the Cape Town metropolitan region. In statistic terms the GEM, TotHg, CO and 222Rn levels within the urban-marine events do not differ from those seen in the marine rain episodes. Over the 2007–2013 period, the May till Oct averages for GEM ranged from 0.913 ng m−3 to 1.108 ng m−3, while TotHg concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 52.5 ng L−1 (overall average: 9.91 ng L−1). A positive correlation (R2 = 0.49, n = 7) has been found between the average annual (May till October) GEM concentrations in air and TotHg concentration in rainwater suggesting a close relationship between the two species. The wetter years are normally associated with higher GEM and TotHg levels. Both GEM and TotHg annual means correlate positively with total annual (May till October) rain depths. If one or two outlier years are removed from the data set, the R2 values increase from 0.23 to 0.10 for GEM and TotHg to 0.97 (n = 5) and 0.89 (n = 5), respectively. The relationship between annual mean GEM and annual precipitation depth also holds for the period 1996–2004 (R2 = 0.6, n = 8) when GEM was measured manually (low resolution data). A positive correlation was also seen between annual average GEM concentrations and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Index (SOI), for the 1996–2004 period (R2 = 0.7, n = 8). For the 2007–2013 periods this relationship was also positive but less pronounced. The relationship between annual precipitation depth and annual SOI suggests that the inter-annual variations of GEM (Hg0) concentration might be caused by large-scale meteorological processes.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.059} (DOI). Brunke, E.; Walters, C.; Mkololo, T.; Martin, L.; Labuschagne, C.; Silwana, B.; Slemr, F.; Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Somerset, V.: Mercury in the atmosphere and in rainwater at Cape Point, South Africa. Atmospheric Environment. 2016. vol. 125, 24-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.059}} @misc{ebinghaus_emission_sources_2016, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Emission sources, regional and global distribution of atmospheric mercury}, year={2016}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Grenoble (F);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: Emission sources, regional and global distribution of atmospheric mercury. ERCA 2016, European Research Course on Atmospheres. Grenoble (F), 2016.}} @misc{ebinghaus_emissions_regional_2016, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Emissions, regional and global distribution of „classical“ and „new“ POPs}, year={2016}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Grenoble (F);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: Emissions, regional and global distribution of „classical“ and „new“ POPs. ERCA 2016, European Research Course on Atmospheres. Grenoble (F), 2016.}} @misc{suehring_distribution_of_2016, author={Suehring, R., Wolschke, H., Diamond, M.L., Jantunen, L.M., Scheringer, M.}, title={Distribution of organophosphate esters between the gas and particle phase – model predictions vs. measured data}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00199}, abstract = {Gas-particle partitioning is one of the key factors that affects the environmental fate of semi volatile organic chemicals. Many organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been reported to primarily partition to particles in the atmosphere. However, because of the wide range of their physicochemical properties, it is unlikely that OPEs are mainly in the particle phase “as a class”. We compared gas-particle partitioning predictions for 32 OPEs made by the commonly used OECD POV and LRTP Screening Tool (“the Tool”) with the partitioning models of Junge-Pankow (J-P) and Harner-Bidleman (H-B), as well as recently measured data on OPE gas-particle partitioning. The results indicate that half of the tested OPEs partition into the gas phase. Partitioning into the gas phase seems to be determined by an octanol-air partition coefficient (log KOA) < 10 and a subcooled liquid vapour pressure (log PL) > –5, as well as the total suspended particle concentration (TSP) in the sampling area. The uncertainty of the physicochemical property data of the OPEs did not change this estimate. Furthermore, the predictions by the Tool, J-P- and H-B-models agreed with recently measured OPE gas-particle partitioning.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00199} (DOI). Suehring, R.; Wolschke, H.; Diamond, M.; Jantunen, L.; Scheringer, M.: Distribution of organophosphate esters between the gas and particle phase – model predictions vs. measured data. Environmental Science and Technology. 2016. vol. 50, no. 13, 6644-6651. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00199}} @misc{slemr_el_ninosouthern_2016, author={Slemr, F., Brenninkmeijer, C.A., Rauthe-Schoech, A., Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Brunke, E.-G., Martin, L., Spain, T.G., O´Doherty, S.}, title={El Nino–Southern Oscillation influence on tropospheric mercury concentrations}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067949}, abstract = {The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects the tropospheric concentrations of many trace gases. Here we investigate the ENSO influence on mercury concentrations measured in the upper troposphere during Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrumented Container flights and at ground at Cape Point, South Africa, and Mace Head, Ireland. Mercury concentrations cross-correlate with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) with a lag of 8 ± 2 months. Highest mercury concentrations are always found at the most negative SOI values, i.e., 8 months after El Niño, and the amplitude of the interannual variations fluctuates between ~5 and 18%. The time lag is similar to that of CO whose interannual variations are driven largely by emissions from biomass burning (BB). The amplitude of the interannual variability of tropospheric mercury concentrations is consistent with the estimated variations in mercury emissions from BB. We thus conclude that BB is a major factor driving the interannual variation of tropospheric mercury concentrations.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067949} (DOI). Slemr, F.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Rauthe-Schoech, A.; Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Brunke, E.; Martin, L.; Spain, T.; O´Doherty, S.: El Nino–Southern Oscillation influence on tropospheric mercury concentrations. Geophysical Research Letters. 2016. vol. 43, no. 4, 1766-1771. DOI: 10.1002/2016GL067949}} @misc{heydebreck_emission_of_2016, author={Heydebreck, F., Tang, J., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Emission of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from a textile manufacturing plant in China}, year={2016}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Florenz (I);}, note = {Heydebreck, F.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Emission of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from a textile manufacturing plant in China. 36th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, Dioxin 2016. Florenz (I), 2016.}} @misc{weigelt_mercury_emissions_2016, author={Weigelt, A., Slemr, F., Ebinghaus, R., Pirrone, N., Bieser, J., Boedewadt, J., Esposito, G., Velthoven, P.F.J.van}, title={Mercury emissions of a coal fired power plant in Germany}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13653-2016}, abstract = {suggests that GOM fractions of ~40% of CFPP mercury emissions in current emission inventories are overestimated.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13653-2016} (DOI). Weigelt, A.; Slemr, F.; Ebinghaus, R.; Pirrone, N.; Bieser, J.; Boedewadt, J.; Esposito, G.; Velthoven, P.: Mercury emissions of a coal fired power plant in Germany. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. vol. 16, no. 21, 13653-13668. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-13653-2016}} @misc{chen_exchange_of_2016, author={Chen, Y., Lin, T., Tang, J., Xie, Z., Tian, C., Li, J., Zhang, G.}, title={Exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons across the air-water interface in the Bohai and Yellow Seas}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.039}, abstract = {In this study, air and surface seawater samples collected from the Bohai (BS) and Yellow Seas (YS) in May 2012 were determined exchange of PAHs, especially of low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs (three- and four-ring PAHs) at the air-water interface. Net volatilization fluxes of LMW PAHs were 266–1454 ng/m2/d and decreased with distance from the coast, indicating that these PAHs transported from coastal runoff were potential contributors to the atmosphere in the BS and YS. Moreover, LMW PAHs were enriched in the dissolved phase compared with those in the particulate phase in the water column, possibly suggesting that the volatilized LMW PAHs were directly derived from wastewater discharge or petroleum pollution rather than released from contaminated sediments. The air–sea exchange fluxes of the three-ring PAHs were 2- to 20-fold higher than their atmospheric deposition fluxes in the BS and YS. The input to and output from the water reached equilibrium for four-ring PAHs. Differently, five- and six-ring PAHs were introduced into the marine environment primarily through dry and wet deposition, indicating that the water column was still a sink of these PAHs from the surrounding atmosphere.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.039} (DOI). Chen, Y.; Lin, T.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Tian, C.; Li, J.; Zhang, G.: Exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons across the air-water interface in the Bohai and Yellow Seas. Atmospheric Environment. 2016. vol. 141, 153-160. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.039}} @misc{heydebreck_emission_of_2016, author={Heydebreck, F., Tang, J., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Emission of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from a textile manufacturing plant in China}, year={2016}, howpublished = {conference poster: Bremen (D);}, note = {Heydebreck, F.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Emission of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from a textile manufacturing plant in China. In: 5th International Symposium on Organofluorine Compounds in Biomedical, Materials and Agriculture Sciences, FluorineDays 2016. Bremen (D). 2016.}} @misc{suehring_evidence_for_2016, author={Suehring, R., Ortiz, X., Pena-Abaurrea, M., Jobst, K.J., Freese, M., Pohlmann, J.-D., Marohn, L., Ebinghaus, R., Backus, S., Hanel, R., Reiner, E.J.}, title={Evidence for High Concentrations and Maternal Transfer of Substituted Diphenylamines in European Eels Analyzed by Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography–Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04382}, abstract = {Chemical pollution is hypothesized to be one of the factors driving the strong decline of the critically endangered European eel population. Specifically, the impact of contaminants on the quality of spawning eels and subsequent embryo survival and development has been discussed as crucial investigation point. However, so far, only very limited information on potential negative effects of contaminants on the reproduction of eels is available. Through the combination of nontargeted ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and multidimensional gas chromatography, combined with more-conventional targeted analytical approaches and multimedia mass-balance modeling, compounds of particular relevance, and their maternal transfer in artificially matured European eels from the German river Ems have been identified. Substituted diphenylamines were, unexpectedly, found to be the primary organic contaminants in the eel samples, with concentrations in the μg g–1 wet weight range. Furthermore, it could be shown that these contaminants, as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are not merely stored in lipid rich tissue of eels but maternally transferred into gonads and eggs. The results of this study provide unique information on both the fate and behavior of substituted diphenylamines in the environment as well as their relevance as contaminants in European eels.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04382} (DOI). Suehring, R.; Ortiz, X.; Pena-Abaurrea, M.; Jobst, K.; Freese, M.; Pohlmann, J.; Marohn, L.; Ebinghaus, R.; Backus, S.; Hanel, R.; Reiner, E.: Evidence for High Concentrations and Maternal Transfer of Substituted Diphenylamines in European Eels Analyzed by Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography–Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. Environmental Science and Technology. 2016. vol. 50, no. 23, 12678-12685. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04382}} @misc{sprovieri_atmospheric_mercury_2016, author={Sprovieri, F., Pirrone, N., Bencardino, M., D'Amore, F., Carbone, F., Cinnirella, S., Mannarino, V., Landis, M., Ebinghaus, R., Weigelt, A., Brunke, E.-G., Labuschagne, C., Martin, L., Munthe, J., Waengberg, I., Artaxo, P., Morais, F., Barbosa, H. D. M. J., Brito, J., Cairns, W., Barbante, C., Diéguez, M. D. C., Garcia, P. E., Dommergue, A., Angot, H., Magand, O., Skov, H., Horvat, M., Kotnik, J., Read, K. A., Neves, L. M., Gawlik, B. M., Sena, F., Mashyanov, N., Obolkin, V., Wip, D., Feng, X. B., Zhang, H., Fu, X., Ramachandran, R., Cossa, D., Knoery, J., Marusczak, N., Nerentorp, M., Norstrom, C.}, title={Atmospheric mercury concentrations observed at ground-based monitoring sites globally distributed in the framework of the GMOS network}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11915-2016}, abstract = {Long-term monitoring of data of ambient mercury (Hg) on a global scale to assess its emission, transport, atmospheric chemistry, and deposition processes is vital to understanding the impact of Hg pollution on the environment. The Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project was funded by the European Commission (http://www.gmos.eu) and started in November 2010 with the overall goal to develop a coordinated global observing system to monitor Hg on a global scale, including a large network of ground-based monitoring stations, ad hoc periodic oceanographic cruises and measurement flights in the lower and upper troposphere as well as in the lower stratosphere. To date, more than 40 ground-based monitoring sites constitute the global network covering many regions where little to no observational data were available before GMOS. This work presents atmospheric Hg concentrations recorded worldwide in the framework of the GMOS project (2010–2015), analyzing Hg measurement results in terms of temporal trends, seasonality and comparability within the network. Major findings highlighted in this paper include a clear gradient of Hg concentrations between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, confirming that the gradient observed is mostly driven by local and regional sources, which can be anthropogenic, natural or a combination of both.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11915-2016} (DOI). Sprovieri, F.; Pirrone, N.; Bencardino, M.; D'Amore, F.; Carbone, F.; Cinnirella, S.; Mannarino, V.; Landis, M.; Ebinghaus, R.; Weigelt, A.; Brunke, E.; Labuschagne, C.; Martin, L.; Munthe, J.; Waengberg, I.; Artaxo, P.; Morais, F.; Barbosa, H.; Brito, J.; Cairns, W.; Barbante, C.; Diéguez, M.; Garcia, P.; Dommergue, A.; Angot, H.; Magand, O.; Skov, H.; Horvat, M.; Kotnik, J.; Read, K.; Neves, L.; Gawlik, B.; Sena, F.; Mashyanov, N.; Obolkin, V.; Wip, D.; Feng, X.; Zhang, H.; Fu, X.; Ramachandran, R.; Cossa, D.; Knoery, J.; Marusczak, N.; Nerentorp, M.; Norstrom, C.: Atmospheric mercury concentrations observed at ground-based monitoring sites globally distributed in the framework of the GMOS network. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. vol. 16, no. 18, 11915-11935. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-11915-2016}} @misc{huang_occurrence_and_2016, author={Huang, W., Xie, Z., Yan, W., Mi, W., Xu, W.}, title={Occurrence and distribution of synthetic musks and organic UV filters from riverine and coastal sediments in the Pearl River estuary of China}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.018}, abstract = {This study reports the occurrence and distribution of synthetic musks (SMs) and organic UV filters (UVFs) in sediment samples collected in 8 riverine runoffs from the Pearl River and Pearl River estuary (PRE). Here, 6 of the 8 target compounds were detected in all sediments with concentrations ranging from 0.35 ng g− 1 to 456 ng g− 1. Higher concentrations of SMs and UVFs were evident in the eastern outlets compared to the western suggesting greater input of these contaminants from the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. All the compounds showed a decreasing trend toward the seaward side which confirming that riverine runoff was the most important source of SMs and UVFs to the coastal environment. Notably, high levels of SMs and UVFs were detected in two fishing harbors in the PRE area. In comparison to UVFs, the SM compounds exhibited a significant correlation with TOC content in the sediments.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.018} (DOI). Huang, W.; Xie, Z.; Yan, W.; Mi, W.; Xu, W.: Occurrence and distribution of synthetic musks and organic UV filters from riverine and coastal sediments in the Pearl River estuary of China. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2016. vol. 111, no. 1-2, 153-159. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.018}} @misc{hermann_an_optical_2016, author={Hermann, M., Weigelt, A., Assmann, D., Pfeifer, S., Mueller, T., Conrath, T., Voigtlaender, J., Heintzenberg, J., Wiedensohler, A., Martinsson, B.G., Deshler, T., Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M., Zahn, A.}, title={An optical particle size spectrometer for aircraft-borne measurements in IAGOS-CARIBIC}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2179-2016}, abstract = {The particle number size distribution is an important parameter to characterize the atmospheric aerosol and its influence on the Earth's climate. Here we describe a new optical particle size spectrometer (OPSS) for measurements of the accumulation mode particle number size distribution in the tropopause region on board a passenger aircraft (IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory: In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System – Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container). A modified KS93 particle sensor from RION Co., Ltd., together with a new airflow system and a dedicated data acquisition system, is the key component of the CARIBIC OPSS. The instrument records individual particle pulse signal curves in the particle size range 130–1110 nm diameter (for a particle refractive index of 1.47-i0.006) together with a time stamp and thus allows the post-flight choice of the time resolution and the size distribution bin width. The CARIBIC OPSS has a 50 % particle detection diameter of 152 nm and a maximum asymptotic counting efficiency of 98 %. The instrument's measurement performance shows no pressure dependency and no particle coincidence for free tropospheric conditions. The size response function of the CARIBIC OPSS was obtained by a polystyrene latex calibration in combination with model calculations. Particle number size distributions measured with the new OPSS in the lowermost stratosphere agreed within a factor of 2 in concentration with balloon-borne measurements over western North America. Since June 2010 the CARIBIC OPSS is deployed once per month in the IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2179-2016} (DOI). Hermann, M.; Weigelt, A.; Assmann, D.; Pfeifer, S.; Mueller, T.; Conrath, T.; Voigtlaender, J.; Heintzenberg, J.; Wiedensohler, A.; Martinsson, B.; Deshler, T.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Zahn, A.: An optical particle size spectrometer for aircraft-borne measurements in IAGOS-CARIBIC. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2016. vol. 9, no. 5, 2179-2194. DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-2179-2016}} @misc{kirchgeorg_seasonal_accumulation_2016, author={Kirchgeorg, T., Dreyer, A., Gabrielli, P., Gabrieli, J., Thompson, L.G., Barbante, C., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Seasonal accumulation of persistent organic pollutants on a high altitude glacier in the Eastern Alps}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.004}, abstract = {The seasonal accumulations of perfluorinated substances (PFAS), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were measured in a 10 m shallow firn core from a high altitude glacier at Mt. Ortles (Italy, 3830 m above sea level) in South Tyrol in the Italian Eastern Alps. The most abundant persistent organic pollutants of each group were perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (for PFASs); BDE 47, BDE 99, BDE 209 (for PBDEs) and phenanthrene (PHE), fluoranthene (FLA) and pyrene (PYR) (for PAHs). All compounds show different extents of seasonality, with higher accumulation during summer time compared to winter. This seasonal difference mainly reflects meteorological conditions with a low and stable atmospheric boundary layer in winter and strong convective activity in summer, transformation processes during the transport of chemicals and/or post-depositional alterations. Change in the composition of the water-soluble PFCAs demonstrates the influence of meltwater percolation through the firn layers.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.004} (DOI). Kirchgeorg, T.; Dreyer, A.; Gabrielli, P.; Gabrieli, J.; Thompson, L.; Barbante, C.; Ebinghaus, R.: Seasonal accumulation of persistent organic pollutants on a high altitude glacier in the Eastern Alps. Environmental Pollution. 2016. vol. 218, 804-812. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.004}} @misc{apel_vorkommen_und_2016, author={Apel, C., Wolschke, H., Massei, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Vorkommen und Verteilung organischer UV-Stabilisatoren und UV-Filter in Sedimenten europaeischer Flussmuendungen}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, abstract = {jedoch nicht möglich.}, note = {Apel, C.; Wolschke, H.; Massei, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Vorkommen und Verteilung organischer UV-Stabilisatoren und UV-Filter in Sedimenten europaeischer Flussmuendungen. Mitteilungen der Fachgruppe Umweltchemie und Oekotoxikologie. 2016. vol. 22, no. 3, 63-66.}} @misc{heydebreck_emissions_of_2016, author={Heydebreck, F., Tang, J., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Emissions of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in a Textile Manufacturing Plant in China and Their Relevance for Workers’ Exposure}, year={2016}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03213}, abstract = {The manufacturing of high-performance fabrics requires numerous chemical treatment steps that involve the use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to protect apparel against water, stain, and oil penetration. However, air and wastewater emissions of PFASs generated during this manufacturing are a potential threat to both factory workers and the environment. We investigated the occurrence and distribution of PFASs in wastewater, air, airborne particles, and settled dust in a textile manufacturing plant in China. PFOA and PFDA or their precursor compounds 8:2 FTOH and 10:2 FTOH were the dominant compounds in all environmental media tested, revealing that long-chain PFASs were preferably used for the manufacturing of functional garments. Besides, PFASs were detected along the textile manufacturing chain, indicating that they were used as durable water repellents and as surfactants in, for example, coating agents. The workers’ exposure to FTOHs via air inhalation was up to 5 orders of magnitude higher than the background exposure of the general western population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study providing information regarding the emission of PFASs during the manufacturing of textiles via various environmental media.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03213} (DOI). Heydebreck, F.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Emissions of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in a Textile Manufacturing Plant in China and Their Relevance for Workers’ Exposure. Environmental Science and Technology. 2016. vol. 50, no. 19, 10386-10396. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03213}} @misc{lu_occurrence_and_2015, author={Lu, Z., Song, L., Zhao, Z., Ma, Y., Wang, J., Yang, H., Ma, H., Cai, M., Codling, G., Ebinghaus, R., Xie, Z., Giesy, J.P.}, title={Occurrence and trends in concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface waters of eastern China}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.045}, abstract = {Spatial distributions of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in surface waters in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces of eastern China during 2011. A total of 39 samples of surface waters, including 29 rivers, 6 lakes and 4 reservoirs were collected. High performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/(−)ESI-MS/MS) was used to identify and quantify PFASs. Concentrations of PFAS were greater in Shanghai than that in Zhejiang Province. Concentrations of the sum of PFASs (∑PFASs) in Shanghai and Kunshan ranged from 39 to 212 ng L−1, while in Zhejiang Province, concentrations of ∑PFASs ranged from 0.68 to 146 ng L−1. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the prevalent PFAS in Shanghai. In contrast, PFOA and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were the prevalent PFASs in Zhejiang Province. Concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) ranged from <0.07 to 9.7 ng L−1. Annual mass of ∑PFASs transported by rivers that flow into the East China Sea were calculated to be more than 4000 kg PFASs. Correlation analyses between concentrations of individual PFASs showed the correlation between PFHxA and PFOA was positive, while the correlation between PFHxA and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) was negative in Shanghai, which indicated that PFHxA and PFOA have common sources. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify important components or factors that explain different compounds, and results showed that PFHxA and FOSA dominated factor loadings.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.045} (DOI). Lu, Z.; Song, L.; Zhao, Z.; Ma, Y.; Wang, J.; Yang, H.; Ma, H.; Cai, M.; Codling, G.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.; Giesy, J.: Occurrence and trends in concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface waters of eastern China. Chemosphere. 2015. vol. 119, 820-827. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.045}} @misc{wang_estimating_dry_2015, author={Wang, Z., Xie, Z., Moeller, A., Mi, W., Wolschke, H., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Estimating dry deposition and gas/particle partition coefficients of neutral poly-/perfluoroalkyl substances in northern German coast}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.029}, abstract = {Dry deposition fluxes of 12 neutral poly-/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were estimated at Büsum located in northern German coast, and their gas/particle partition coefficients were predicted by employing the polyparameter linear free energy relationships (PP-LFERs). The gas deposition flux, particle deposition flux and total (gas + particle) flux of the 12 PFASs during sampling periods were 1088 ± 611, 189 ± 75 and 1277 ± 627 pg/(m2 d), respectively. The gas deposition of PFASs played a key role during deposition to marine ecosystem. Sensitivity analysis showed that wind speed was the most sensitive parameter for gas deposition fluxes. Good agreements (within 1 log unit) were observed between the measured gas/particle partitioning data of PFASs and the predicted partition coefficients using PP-LFERs, indicating the model can reliably predict the gas/particle partitioning behaviors of atmospheric neutral PFASs.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.029} (DOI). Wang, Z.; Xie, Z.; Moeller, A.; Mi, W.; Wolschke, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Estimating dry deposition and gas/particle partition coefficients of neutral poly-/perfluoroalkyl substances in northern German coast. Environmental Pollution. 2015. vol. 202, 120-125. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.029}} @misc{apel_occurrence_and_2015, author={Apel, C., Wolschke, H., Massei, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Occurrence and distribution of organic UV-stabilizers in sediments of rivers distributed over Europe}, year={2015}, howpublished = {conference poster: Leipzig (D);}, note = {Apel, C.; Wolschke, H.; Massei, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence and distribution of organic UV-stabilizers in sediments of rivers distributed over Europe. In: 15th EuCheMS International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment, ICCE 2015. Leipzig (D). 2015.}} @misc{heydebreck_development_of_2015, author={Heydebreck, F., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Development of a method for the simultaneous determination of Polyfluorinated Phosphate Esters (PAPs) and other Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) in sediments}, year={2015}, howpublished = {conference poster: Golden, CO (USA);}, note = {Heydebreck, F.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Development of a method for the simultaneous determination of Polyfluorinated Phosphate Esters (PAPs) and other Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) in sediments. In: International Symposium on Fluorinated Organics in the Environment, Fluoros 2015. Golden, CO (USA). 2015.}} @misc{heydebreck_pfoa_vs_2015, author={Heydebreck, F., Tang, J., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={PFOA vs. its replacement substance HFPO-DA: Their current environmental releases and fates in the rivers and coastal environment of Germany and China}, year={2015}, howpublished = {conference poster: Golden, CO (USA);}, note = {Heydebreck, F.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: PFOA vs. its replacement substance HFPO-DA: Their current environmental releases and fates in the rivers and coastal environment of Germany and China. In: International Symposium on Fluorinated Organics in the Environment, Fluoros 2015. Golden, CO (USA). 2015.}} @misc{wolschke_novel_flame_2015, author={Wolschke, H., Meng, X.-Z., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R., Cai, M.}, title={Novel flame retardants (N-FRs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in fish, penguin, and skua from King George Island, Antarctica}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.012}, abstract = {Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), are frequently detected in biota from Antarctica, whereas no data are available for their replacements, such as novel flame retardants (N-FRs). This study presented the occurrence of several N-FRs, PBDEs, and PCBs in tissue samples of an Antarctic rock cod (Trematomus bernacchii), a young gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), and a brown skua (Stercorarius antarcticus) collected from King George Island. The total concentrations of N-FRs (ΣN-FRs; mean: 931 pg/g dry weight (dw)) were comparable to PBDEs (Σ8PBDEs; 681 pg/g dw), which were much lower than PCBs (ΣDL-PCBs; 12,800 pg/g dw). Overall, skua contained two to three orders of magnitude higher contamination than penguin and fish. In the future, more attention should be focused on the fate of N-FRs in Antarctica, where usages have increased since PBDEs were banned. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N-FRs in biota from Antarctica.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.012} (DOI). Wolschke, H.; Meng, X.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.; Cai, M.: Novel flame retardants (N-FRs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in fish, penguin, and skua from King George Island, Antarctica. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2015. vol. 96, no. 1-2, 513-518. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.012}} @misc{wang_occurrence_and_2015, author={Wang, R., Tang, J., Xie, Z., Mi, W., Chen, Y., Wolschke, H., Tian, C., Pan, X., Luo, Y., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Occurrence and spatial distribution of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in 40 rivers draining into the Bohai Sea, north China}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.037}, abstract = {Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are alternatives to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, often used as flame-retardants and plasticizers. There are few reports of OPEs in river water. This study focused on the occurrence and spatial distribution of 11 OPE congeners and one synthetic intermediate triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) in 40 major rivers entering into the Bohai Sea. Total OPEs ranged from 9.6 to 1549 ng L−1, with an average of 300 ng L−1. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) (4.6–921 ng L−1, mean: 186 ng L−1) and tris(2-choroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (1.3–268 ng L−1, mean: 80.2 ng L−1) were the most abundant OPEs and their distribution patterns are similar, indicating the same source (r = 0.61, P < 0.05) and the influence of large production and consumption of chlorinated OPEs in the region. Priority should be given to TCPP, PCEP and TPPO due to their high concentrations in the rivers and potential threat to aquatic organisms.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.037} (DOI). Wang, R.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Mi, W.; Chen, Y.; Wolschke, H.; Tian, C.; Pan, X.; Luo, Y.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence and spatial distribution of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in 40 rivers draining into the Bohai Sea, north China. Environmental Pollution. 2015. vol. 198, 172-178. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.037}} @misc{xie_neutral_polyperfluoroalkyl_2015, author={Xie, Z., Wang, Z., Mi, W., Moeller, A., Wolschke, H., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Neutral Poly-/perfluoroalkyl Substances in Air and Snow from the Arctic}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08912}, abstract = {Levels of neutral poly-/perfluoroalkyl substances (nPFASs) in air and snow collected from Ny-Ålesund were measured and their air-snow exchange was determined to investigate whether they could re-volatilize into the atmosphere driven by means of air-snow exchange. The total concentration of 12 neutral PFASs ranged from 6.7 to 39 pg m−3 in air and from 330 to 690 pg L−1 in snow. A significant log-linear relationship was observed between the gas/particle partition coefficient and vapor pressure of the neutral PFASs. For fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOHs) and fluorotelomer acrylates (FTAs), the air-snow exchange fluxes were positive, indicating net evaporative from snow into air, while net deposition into snow was observed for perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanols (Me/EtFOSEs) in winter and spring of 2012. The air-snow exchange was snow-phase controlled for FTOHs and FTAs, and controlled by the air-phase for FOSEs. Air-snow exchange may significantly interfere with atmospheric concentrations of neutral PFASs in the Arctic.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08912} (DOI). Xie, Z.; Wang, Z.; Mi, W.; Moeller, A.; Wolschke, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Neutral Poly-/perfluoroalkyl Substances in Air and Snow from the Arctic. Scientific Reports. 2015. vol. 5, 8912. DOI: 10.1038/srep08912}} @misc{slemr_comparison_of_2015, author={Slemr, F., Angot, H., Dommergue, A., Magand, O., Barret, M., Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Brunke, E.-G., Pfaffhuber, K., Edwards, G., Howard, D., Powell, J., Keywood, M., Wang, F.}, title={Comparison of mercury concentrations measured at several sites in the Southern Hemisphere}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3125-2015}, abstract = {Our knowledge of the distribution of mercury concentrations in air of the Southern Hemisphere was until recently based mostly on intermittent measurements made during ship cruises. In the last few years continuous mercury monitoring has commenced at several sites in the Southern Hemisphere, providing new and more refined information. In this paper we compare mercury measurements at several remote sites in the Southern Hemisphere made over a period of at least 1 year at each location. Averages of monthly medians show similar although small seasonal variations at both Cape Point and Amsterdam Island. A pronounced seasonal variation at Troll research station in Antarctica is due to frequent mercury depletion events in the austral spring. Due to large scatter and large standard deviations of monthly average median mercury concentrations at Cape Grim, no systematic seasonal variation could be found there. Nevertheless, the annual average mercury concentrations at all sites during the 2007–2013 period varied only between 0.85 and 1.05 ng m−3. Part of this variability is likely due to systematic measurement uncertainties which we propose can be further reduced by improved calibration procedures. We conclude that mercury is much more uniformly distributed throughout the Southern Hemisphere than the distributions suggested by measurements made onboard ships. This finding implies that smaller trends can be detected in shorter time periods. We also report a change in the trend sign at Cape Point from decreasing mercury concentrations in 1996–2004 to increasing concentrations since 2007.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3125-2015} (DOI). Slemr, F.; Angot, H.; Dommergue, A.; Magand, O.; Barret, M.; Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Brunke, E.; Pfaffhuber, K.; Edwards, G.; Howard, D.; Powell, J.; Keywood, M.; Wang, F.: Comparison of mercury concentrations measured at several sites in the Southern Hemisphere. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2015. vol. 15, no. 6, 3125-3133. DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-3125-2015}} @misc{sturm_are_geotextile_2015, author={Sturm, R., Gutow, L., Winkelmann, M., Gandrass, J., Wolschke, H., Xie, Z., Krone, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Are geotextile scour protections of offshore wind turbines a source of environmental contaminants?}, year={2015}, howpublished = {conference poster: Berlin (D);}, note = {Sturm, R.; Gutow, L.; Winkelmann, M.; Gandrass, J.; Wolschke, H.; Xie, Z.; Krone, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Are geotextile scour protections of offshore wind turbines a source of environmental contaminants?. In: Conference on Wind energy and Wildlife impacts, CWW 2015. Berlin (D). 2015.}} @misc{lai_occurrence_and_2015, author={Lai, S., Xie, Z., Song, T., Tang, J., Zhang, Y., Mi, W., Peng, J., Zhao, Y., Zou, S., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Occurrence and dry deposition of organophosphate esters in atmospheric particles over the northern South China Sea}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.015}, abstract = {Nine organophosphate esters (OPEs) in airborne particles were measured during a cruise campaign over the northern South China Sea (SCS) from September to October 2013. The concentration of the total OPEs (∑OPEs) was 47.1–160.9 pg m−3, which are lower than previous measurements in marine atmosphere environments. Higher OPE concentrations were observed in terrestrially influenced samples, suggesting that OPE concentrations were significantly influenced by air mass transport. Chlorinated OPEs were the dominant OPEs, accounting for 65.8–83.7% of the ∑OPEs. Tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) was the predominant OPE compound in the samples (45.0 ± 12.1%), followed by tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphates (TCPPs) (28.8 ± 8.9%). Dry particle-bound deposition fluxes ranged from 8.2 to 27.8 ng m−2 d−1 for the ∑OPEs. Moreover, the dry deposition input of the ∑OPEs was estimated to be 4.98 ton y−1 in 2013 in a vast area of northern SCS. About half of the input was found to relate to air masses originating from China.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.015} (DOI). Lai, S.; Xie, Z.; Song, T.; Tang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Mi, W.; Peng, J.; Zhao, Y.; Zou, S.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence and dry deposition of organophosphate esters in atmospheric particles over the northern South China Sea. Chemosphere. 2015. vol. 127, 195-200. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.015}} @misc{zhao_seasonal_variations_2015, author={Zhao, Z., Xie, Z., Tang, J., Sturm, R., Chen, Y., Zhang, G., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Seasonal variations and spatial distributions of perfluoroalkyl substances in the rivers Elbe and lower Weser and the North Sea}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.050}, abstract = {The spatial distributions and seasonal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface waters were investigated for the German rivers Elbe and lower Weser, and the North Sea. ∑PFAS concentrations ranged from 4.1 to 250 ng L−1 in the River Elbe, from 3.8 to 16 ng L−1 in the lower Weser, and from 0.13 to 10 ng L−1 in the North Sea. The most abundant compound was perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) with a proportion of 24% in river water and 31% in seawater samples. The concentrations of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in Elbe River water showed significant seasonal variation in 2011. The seasonal variations might be related to the variations of water discharge. The highest concentrations of PFOA and PFHxA were detected in August. Pearson correlations showed that perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and PFBS had different sources from other PFASs, and the current manufacturing and use of C4-based products could explain the distinction. The estimated fluxes of individual substances and ∑PFASs in the River Elbe showed no significant seasonal variation. The annual fluxes of PFASs to the North Sea were estimated to be 335 ± 100 kg year−1 from the River Elbe and 102 ± 22 kg year−1 from the River Weser.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.050} (DOI). Zhao, Z.; Xie, Z.; Tang, J.; Sturm, R.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, G.; Ebinghaus, R.: Seasonal variations and spatial distributions of perfluoroalkyl substances in the rivers Elbe and lower Weser and the North Sea. Chemosphere. 2015. vol. 129, 118-125. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.050}} @misc{ma_the_spatial_2015, author={Ma, Y., Xie, Z., Halsall, C., Moeller, A., Yang, H., Zhong, G., Cai, M., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={The spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides and halogenated flame retardants in the surface sediments of an Arctic fjord: The influence of ocean currents vs. glacial runoff}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.012}, abstract = {Selected organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) were analyzed in surficial fjord sediments collected down the length of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard in the Norwegian high Arctic. Hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCHs) was found to be the most abundant OC in the sediment, followed by BDE-209 > chlordane > α-endosulfan > Dechlorane Plus (anti-DP)> trifluralin concentration ranges were high over the relatively small study area of the fjord (e.g. ∑HCH: 7.2–100 pg g−1 dry weight (dw)), with concentrations broadly similar to, or lower than, measurements conducted in other parts of the Arctic. Concentrations of legacy OCs, including both HCH isomers and chlordane showed a decreasing trend from the outer, seaward end of the fjord to the inner, glacier end of the fjord. Conversely, sediment concentrations of α- and β-endosulfan (0.1–12.5 pg g−1 dw) increased from the outer fjord to the inner fjord. This contrasting pattern may be attributed to the influence of historical vs. contemporary sources of these chemicals to the fjord area, whereby the North Atlantic/West Spitzbergen oceanic current dominates the transport and input of the legacy OCs, whereas atmospheric deposition and meltwater runoff from the glaciers influence the inner fjord sediments for endosulfan. Interestingly, BDE-209 and Dechlorane Plus did not reveal any clear spatial trend. It is plausible that both glacial runoff and oceanic current end members are playing a role in introducing these chemicals to the fjord sediments. The relatively low fractional abundance of the syn-DP isomer (fsyn), however, indicates the long-range transport of this chemical to this Arctic site.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.012} (DOI). Ma, Y.; Xie, Z.; Halsall, C.; Moeller, A.; Yang, H.; Zhong, G.; Cai, M.; Ebinghaus, R.: The spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides and halogenated flame retardants in the surface sediments of an Arctic fjord: The influence of ocean currents vs. glacial runoff. Chemosphere. 2015. vol. 119, 953-960. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.012}} @misc{weigelt_analysis_and_2015, author={Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Manning, A.J., Derwent, R.G., Simmonds, P.G., Spain, T.G., Jennings, S.G., Slemr, F.}, title={Analysis and interpretation of 18 years of mercury observations since 1996 at Mace Head, Ireland}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.050}, abstract = {Observations of atmospheric mercury at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station on the Atlantic coast of Ireland made from February 1996 to December 2013 are analyzed. Using meteorological analysis and a sophisticated Lagrangian dispersion model, the hourly averaged mercury concentrations were attributed to four different air mass types: baseline, local, European polluted, and sub-tropical maritime. Monthly median Hg concentrations of all types decreased over the analyzed period but the trend for sub-tropical maritime air masses was with −0.016 ± 0.002 ng m−3 yr−1 in absolute terms significantly smaller than the trends for all other classes which varied between −0.021 and −0.023 ng m−3 yr−1. The seasonal variation for sub-tropical maritime air masses is also shallower than for all other classes. This is most likely due to shallower seasonal variation of oxidant concentrations at lower latitudes. The north-south gradient of the trend is qualitatively consistent with the GEOS-Chem model predictions based on decrease of mercury concentrations in surface waters of the North Atlantic but the trends are smaller than predicted. Tests for temporal change of the trends indicate that the decreasing trends of mercury concentrations are leveling off for all air masses with possible exception of the sub-tropical maritime air mass. Quantitative assessment of the trend changes, however, will require a longer time series of the mercury measurements at Mace Head.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.050} (DOI). Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Manning, A.; Derwent, R.; Simmonds, P.; Spain, T.; Jennings, S.; Slemr, F.: Analysis and interpretation of 18 years of mercury observations since 1996 at Mace Head, Ireland. Atmospheric Environment. 2015. vol. 100, 85-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.050}} @misc{song_topdown_constraints_2015, author={Song, S., Selin, N. E., Soerensen, A. L., Angot, H., Artz, R., Brooks, S., Brunke, E.-G., Conley, G., Dommergue, A., Ebinghaus, R., Holsen, T. M., Jaffe, D. A., Kang, S., Kelley, P., Luke, W. T., Magand, O., Marumoto, K., Pfaffhuber, K. A., Ren, X., Sheu, G.-R., Slemr, F., Warneke, T., Weigelt, A., Weiss-Penzias, P., Wip, D. C., Zhang, Q.}, title={Top-down constraints on atmospheric mercury emissions and implications for global biogeochemical cycling}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7103-2015}, abstract = {We perform global-scale inverse modeling to constrain present-day atmospheric mercury emissions and relevant physiochemical parameters in the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. We use Bayesian inversion methods combining simulations with GEOS-Chem and ground-based Hg0 observations from regional monitoring networks and individual sites in recent years. Using optimized emissions/parameters, GEOS-Chem better reproduces these ground-based observations and also matches regional over-water Hg0 and wet deposition measurements. The optimized global mercury emission to the atmosphere is ~ 5.8 Gg yr−1. The ocean accounts for 3.2 Gg yr−1 (55 % of the total), and the terrestrial ecosystem is neither a net source nor a net sink of Hg0. The optimized Asian anthropogenic emission of Hg0 (gas elemental mercury) is 650–1770 Mg yr−1, higher than its bottom-up estimates (550–800 Mg yr−1). The ocean parameter inversions suggest that dark oxidation of aqueous elemental mercury is faster, and less mercury is removed from the mixed layer through particle sinking, when compared with current simulations. Parameter changes affect the simulated global ocean mercury budget, particularly mass exchange between the mixed layer and subsurface waters. Based on our inversion results, we re-evaluate the long-term global biogeochemical cycle of mercury, and show that legacy mercury becomes more likely to reside in the terrestrial ecosystem than in the ocean. We estimate that primary anthropogenic mercury contributes up to 23 % of present-day atmospheric deposition.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7103-2015} (DOI). Song, S.; Selin, N.; Soerensen, A.; Angot, H.; Artz, R.; Brooks, S.; Brunke, E.; Conley, G.; Dommergue, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Holsen, T.; Jaffe, D.; Kang, S.; Kelley, P.; Luke, W.; Magand, O.; Marumoto, K.; Pfaffhuber, K.; Ren, X.; Sheu, G.; Slemr, F.; Warneke, T.; Weigelt, A.; Weiss-Penzias, P.; Wip, D.; Zhang, Q.: Top-down constraints on atmospheric mercury emissions and implications for global biogeochemical cycling. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2015. vol. 15, no. 12, 7103-7125. DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-7103-2015}} @misc{heydebreck_alternative_and_2015, author={Heydebreck, F., Tang, J., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Alternative and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances: Differences between European and Chinese River/Estuary Systems}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01648}, abstract = {The production and use of long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) must comply with national and international regulations. Driven by increasingly stringent regulations, their production has been outsourced to less regulated countries in Asia. In addition, the fluoropolymer industry started to use fluorinated alternatives, such as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid (HFPO-DA). Between August 2013 and September 2014, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of HFPO-DA and legacy PFASs in surface waters of the following river/estuary systems: the Elbe and Rhine Rivers in Germany, the Rhine-Meuse delta in The Netherlands, and the Xiaoqing River in China. Distinct differences were revealed among the study areas; notably, the Chinese samples were highly polluted by an industrial point source discharging mainly perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). This particular point source resulted in concentrations more than 6000 times higher than an industrial point source observed in the Scheur River, where HFPO-DA was the dominant compound with a concentration of 73.1 ng/L. Moreover, HFPO-DA was detected in all samples along the coastline of the North Sea, indicating that the compound may be transported from the Rhine-Meuse delta into the German Bight via the water current. To the best of our knowledge, the fluorinated alternative, HFPO-DA, was detected for the first time in surface waters of Germany and China.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01648} (DOI). Heydebreck, F.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Alternative and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances: Differences between European and Chinese River/Estuary Systems. Environmental Science and Technology. 2015. vol. 49, no. 14, 8386-8395. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01648}} @misc{heydebreck_vorkommen_und_2015, author={Heydebreck, F., Tang, J., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Vorkommen und Verbreitung von perfluorierten Alkylsubstanzen (PFASs) in europaeischen und chinesischen Fluss-Aestuar Systemen}, year={2015}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Burg Blomberg (D);}, note = {Heydebreck, F.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Vorkommen und Verbreitung von perfluorierten Alkylsubstanzen (PFASs) in europaeischen und chinesischen Fluss-Aestuar Systemen. 2. Forum Junger Umweltwissenschaftler. Burg Blomberg (D), 2015.}} @misc{suehring_maternal_transfer_2015, author={Suehring, R., Freese, M., Schneider, M., Schubert, S., Pohlmann, J.-D., Alaee, M., Wolschke, H., Hanel, R., Ebinghaus, R., Marohn, L.}, title={Maternal transfer of emerging brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in European eels}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.094}, abstract = {To our knowledge, the findings in this publication for the first time describe maternal transfer of contaminants in eels. We analysed the concentrations of in total 53 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their halogenated substitutes in muscle, gonads and eggs of artificially matured European eels and in muscle and gonads of untreated European eels that were used for comparison. We found evidence that persistent organic pollutants such as PBDEs, as well as their brominated and chlorinated substitutes are redistributed from muscle tissue to gonads and eggs. Concentrations ranged from 0.001 ng g− 1 ww for sum Dechlorane metabolites (DPMA, aCL10DP, aCl11DP) to 2.1 ng g− 1 ww for TBA in eggs, 0.001 ng g− 1 ww for Dechlorane metabolites to 9.4 ng g− 1 ww for TBA in gonads and 0.002 ng g− 1 ww for Dechlorane metabolites to 54 ng g− 1 ww for TBA in muscle tissue. Average egg muscle ratios (EMRs) for compounds detectable in artificially matured eels from both Schlei Fjord and Ems River ranged from 0.01 for Dechlorane 602 (DDC-DBF) to 10.4 for PBEB. Strong correlations were found between flame retardant concentrations and lipid content in the analysed tissue types, as well as transfer rates and octanol–water partitioning coefficient, indicating that these parameters were the driving factors for the observed maternal transfer. Furthermore, indications were found, that TBP-DBPE, TBP-AE, BATE and TBA have a significant uptake from the surrounding water, rather than just food and might additionally be formed by metabolism or biotransformation processes. Dechloranes seem to be of increasing relevance as contaminants in eels and are transferred to eggs. A change of the isomer pattern in comparison to the technical product of Dechlorane Plus (DP) was observed indicating a redistribution of DP from muscle tissue to gonads during silvering with a preference of the syn-isomer. The highly bioaccumulative DDC-DBF was the most abundant Dechlorane in all fish of the comparison group even though it is not produced or imported in the EU. The aldrin related “experimental flame retardant” dibromoaldrin (DBALD) was detected for the first time in the environment in similar or higher concentrations than DP.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.094} (DOI). Suehring, R.; Freese, M.; Schneider, M.; Schubert, S.; Pohlmann, J.; Alaee, M.; Wolschke, H.; Hanel, R.; Ebinghaus, R.; Marohn, L.: Maternal transfer of emerging brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in European eels. Science of the Total Environment. 2015. vol. 530-531, 209-218. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.094}} @misc{heydebreck_vorkommen_und_2015, author={Heydebreck, F., Tang, J., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Vorkommen und Verbreitung von perfluorierten Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) in eeuropaeischen und chinesischen Fluss-Aestuar Systemen}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, abstract = {propansäure (HFPO-DA).}, note = {Heydebreck, F.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Vorkommen und Verbreitung von perfluorierten Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) in eeuropaeischen und chinesischen Fluss-Aestuar Systemen. Mitteilungen der Fachgruppe Umweltchemie und Oekotoxikologie. 2015. vol. 21, no. 4, 103-106.}} @misc{zhao_spatial_distribution_2015, author={Zhao, Z., Xie, Z., Tang, J., Zhang, G., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in surface sediments of the German Bight, North Sea}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.063}, abstract = {Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have been determined in the environment globally. However, studies on the occurrence of PFAAs in marine sediment remain limited. In this study, 16 PFAAs are investigated in surface sediments from the German Bight, which provided a good overview of the spatial distribution. The concentrations of ΣPFAAs ranged from 0.056 to 7.4 ng/g dry weight. The highest concentration was found at the estuary of the River Ems, which might be the result of local discharge source. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was the dominant compound, and the enrichment of PFOS in sediment might be strongly related to the compound structure itself. The geographical condition of the German Bight influenced the movement of water and sediment, resulting in complex distribution. Following normalization according to total organic carbon (TOC) content, PFAA distributions showed a different picture. Significant linear relationships were found between total PFAA concentrations and TOC (R2 = 0.50, p < 0.01). Compared with a previous study conducted in the same area, a declining trend was presented for the concentrations of PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Compound structure, geographical condition, and organic carbon in the sediment influence the distribution of PFAAs in the German Bight. Environmental risk assessment indicated that the risk from PFOA is negligible, whereas PFOS in marine sediment may present a risk for benthic organisms in the German Bight.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.063} (DOI). Zhao, Z.; Xie, Z.; Tang, J.; Zhang, G.; Ebinghaus, R.: Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in surface sediments of the German Bight, North Sea. Science of the Total Environment. 2015. vol. 511, 145-152. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.063}} @misc{heydebreck_pfoa_vs_2015, author={Heydebreck, F., Tang, J., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={PFOA vs. its replacement substance HFPO-DA: Their current environmental releases and fates in coastal rivers of Germany and China}, year={2015}, howpublished = {conference poster: Leipzig (D);}, note = {Heydebreck, F.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: PFOA vs. its replacement substance HFPO-DA: Their current environmental releases and fates in coastal rivers of Germany and China. In: 15th EuCheMS International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment, ICCE 2015. Leipzig (D). 2015.}} @misc{zhong_selected_currentuse_2015, author={Zhong, G., Tang, J., Xie, Z., Mi, W., Chen, Y., Moeller, A., Sturm, R., Zhang, G., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Selected current-use pesticides (CUPs) in coastal and offshore sediments of Bohai and Yellow seas}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2648-7}, abstract = {China is one of the largest producers, consumers, and traders for pesticides in the world. Currently, there are more than 600 pesticide-active substances registered in China, whereas few studies were conducted to improve our understanding of the occurrence and environmental impact of current-use pesticides (CUPs) in China’s environment. In this work, 72 surface sediment samples were taken from the coastal and offshore of Bohai and Yellow seas and were analyzed for six CUPs (trifluralin, dacthal, quintozene, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and dicofol) and two metabolites (pentachloroanisole and endosulfan sulfate). Sediment samples were categorized as estuarine or near-shore sediments (Laizhou Bay, Taozi Bay, Sishili Bay, and Jiaozhou Bay) and offshore sediments. Trifluralin, α-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, chlorpyrifos, dicofol, and pentachloroanisole were detected in more than 60 % of the samples. Dicofol was the predominant compound with concentrations mostly higher than 100 pg/g dry weight (dw) with the highest concentration of 18,000 pg/g dw. Concentrations of other compounds were mainly below 100 pg/g dw. CUP levels were much lower than the sediment screening benchmark calculated. The highest levels of α-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, trifluralin, and chlorpyrifos existed at Laizhou Bay, whereas pentachloroanisole and dicofol had highest mean concentrations at Jiaozhou Bay. Generally, no correlation between pesticide concentrations and total organic carbon was observed either for offshore samples or for near-shore samples.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2648-7} (DOI). Zhong, G.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Mi, W.; Chen, Y.; Moeller, A.; Sturm, R.; Zhang, G.; Ebinghaus, R.: Selected current-use pesticides (CUPs) in coastal and offshore sediments of Bohai and Yellow seas. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2015. vol. 22, no. 3, 1653-1661. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2648-7}} @misc{suehring_fingerprint_analysis_2015, author={Suehring, R., Barber, J.L., Wolschke, H., Koetke, D., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Fingerprint analysis of brominated flame retardants and Dechloranes in North Sea sediments}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.018}, abstract = {In order to do that a fast and effective ASE extraction method with an on-line clean-up was developed as well as a GC-EI-MSMS and LC-ESI-MSMS method to analyse PBDEs, MeOBDEs, alternate BFRs, Dechloranes as well as TBBPA and HBCDD. A fingerprinting method was adopted to identify representative area-specific patterns based on detection frequency as well as concentrations of individual compounds. Concentrations in general were low, with<1 ng g−1 dw for most compounds. Exceptions were the comparably high concentrations of BDE-209 with up to 7 ng g−1 dw in selected samples and TBBPA in UK samples with 2.7±1.5 ng g−1 dw. Apart from BDE-209 and TBBPA, alternate BFRs and Dechloranes were predominant in all analysed samples, displaying the increasing relevance of these compounds as environmental contaminants.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.018} (DOI). Suehring, R.; Barber, J.; Wolschke, H.; Koetke, D.; Ebinghaus, R.: Fingerprint analysis of brominated flame retardants and Dechloranes in North Sea sediments. Environmental Research. 2015. vol. 140, 569-578. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.018}} @misc{emeis_the_north_2015, author={Emeis, K., van Beusekom, J., Callies, U., Ebinghaus, R., Kannen, A., Kraus, G., Kröncke, I., Lenhatz, H., Lorkoswski, I., Matthias, V., Möllmann, H., Pätsch, J., Scharfe, M., Thomas, H., Weisse, R., Zorita, E.}, title={The North Sea - A shelf sea in the Anthropocene}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.03.012}, abstract = {Global and regional change clearly affects the structure and functioning of ecosystems in shelf seas. However, complex interactions within the shelf seas hinder the identification and unambiguous attribution of observed changes to drivers. These include variability in the climate system, in ocean dynamics, in biogeochemistry, and in shelf sea resource exploitation in the widest sense by societies. Observational time series are commonly too short, and resolution, integration time, and complexity of models are often insufficient to unravel natural variability from anthropogenic perturbation. The North Sea is a shelf sea of the North Atlantic and is impacted by virtually all global and regional developments. Natural variability (from interannual to multidecadal time scales) as response to forcing in the North Atlantic is overlain by global trends (sea level, temperature, acidification) and alternating phases of direct human impacts and attempts to remedy those. Human intervention started some 1000 years ago (diking and associated loss of wetlands), expanded to near-coastal parts in the industrial revolution of the mid-19th century (river management, waste disposal in rivers), and greatly accelerated in the mid-1950s (eutrophication, pollution, fisheries). The North Sea is now a heavily regulated shelf sea, yet societal goals (good environmental status versus increased uses), demands for benefits and policies diverge increasingly. Likely, the southern North Sea will be re-zoned as riparian countries dedicate increasing sea space for offshore wind energy generation — with uncertain consequences for the system's environmental status. We review available observational and model data (predominantly from the southeastern North Sea region) to identify and describe effects of natural variability, of secular changes, and of human impacts on the North Sea ecosystem, and outline developments in the next decades in response to environmental legislation, and in response to increased use of shelf sea space.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.03.012} (DOI). Emeis, K.; van Beusekom, J.; Callies, U.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kannen, A.; Kraus, G.; Kröncke, I.; Lenhatz, H.; Lorkoswski, I.; Matthias, V.; Möllmann, H.; Pätsch, J.; Scharfe, M.; Thomas, H.; Weisse, R.; Zorita, E.: The North Sea - A shelf sea in the Anthropocene. Journal of Marine Systems. 2015. vol. 141, 18-33. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.03.012}} @misc{chen_determination_of_2015, author={Chen, W.-L., Xie, Z., Wolschke, H., Gandrass, J., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Determination of Carbazoles in Sediment from Environmental Water Bodies Using GC-MS/MS with Isotope Dilution Techniques}, year={2015}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Kaohsiung (RC);}, note = {Chen, W.; Xie, Z.; Wolschke, H.; Gandrass, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Determination of Carbazoles in Sediment from Environmental Water Bodies Using GC-MS/MS with Isotope Dilution Techniques. 2nd International Conference on Emerging Contaminants, EMCON Forum2015. Kaohsiung (RC), 2015.}} @misc{wang_neutral_polyperfluoroalkyl_2015, author={Wang, Z., Xie, Z., Mi, W., Moeller, A., Wolschke, H., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Neutral Poly/Per-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Air from the Atlantic to the Southern Ocean and in Antarctic Snow}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00920}, abstract = {The oceanic scale occurrences of typical neutral poly/per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the atmosphere across the Atlantic, as well as their air-snow exchange at the Antarctic Peninsula, were investigated. Total concentrations of the 12 PFASs (∑PFASs) in gas phase ranged from 2.8 to 68.8 pg m–3 (mean: 23.5 pg m–3), and the levels in snow were from 125 to 303 pg L–1 (mean: 209 pg L–1). Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) were dominant in both air and snow. The differences of specific compounds to ∑PFASs were not significant between air and snow. ∑PFASs were higher above the northern Atlantic compared to the southern Atlantic, and the levels above the southern Atlantic <30°S was the lowest. High atmospheric PFAS levels around the Antarctic Peninsula were the results of a combination of air mass, weak elimination processes and air-snow exchange of PFASs. Higher ratios of 8:2 to 10:2 to 6:2 FTOH were observed in the southern hemisphere, especially around the Antarctic Peninsula, suggesting that PFASs in the region were mainly from the long-range atmospheric transport. No obvious decrease of PFASs was observed in the background marine atmosphere after 2005.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00920} (DOI). Wang, Z.; Xie, Z.; Mi, W.; Moeller, A.; Wolschke, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Neutral Poly/Per-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Air from the Atlantic to the Southern Ocean and in Antarctic Snow. Environmental Science and Technology. 2015. vol. 49, no. 13, 7770-7775. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00920}} @misc{ebinghaus_regulated_flame_2015, author={Ebinghaus, R., Heydebreck, F., Moeller, A., Xie, Z., Tang, J.}, title={Regulated flame retardants and polyfluorinated compounds vs. their non-regulated replacement substances – good or only less bad for the marine environment?}, year={2015}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Guangzhou (VRC);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.; Heydebreck, F.; Moeller, A.; Xie, Z.; Tang, J.: Regulated flame retardants and polyfluorinated compounds vs. their non-regulated replacement substances – good or only less bad for the marine environment?. 8th National Conference on Environmental Chemistry, 8th NCEC. Guangzhou (VRC), 2015.}} @misc{wolschke_organophosphorus_flame_2015, author={Wolschke, H., Suehring, R., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in the aquatic environment: A case study of the Elbe River, Germany}, year={2015}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.002}, abstract = {This study reports the occurrence and distribution of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs) in the Elbe and Rhine rivers. A special focus of this investigation concerns the potential impacts of a major flood event in 2013 on the OPE patterns and levels in the Elbe River. In this river, 6 of 13 OPEs were detected, with tris-ethyl-phosphate (TEP, 168 ± 44 ng/L), tris-1,3-dichloro-2-propyl-phosphate (TDCPP, 155 ± 14 ng/L) and tris-1-chloro-2-propyl phosphate (TCPP, 126 ± 14 ng/L) identified as the dominant compounds. Relative to previous studies, an increase in the concentrations and relative contributions of TDCPP to the total level of OPEs was observed, which was likely caused by its increased use as a replacement for the technical pentaBDE formulation. During the flood event, the concentrations of OPEs were similar to the normal situation, but the mass fluxes increased by a factor of approximately ten (∼16 kg/d normal versus ∼160 kg/d flood peak). No input hotspots were identified along the transects of the Elbe and Rhine rivers, and the mass flux of OPEs appeared to be driven by water discharge.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.002} (DOI). Wolschke, H.; Suehring, R.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in the aquatic environment: A case study of the Elbe River, Germany. Environmental Pollution. 2015. vol. 206, 488-493. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.002}} @misc{chen_accelerated_solvent_2015, author={Chen, W.-L., Xie, Z., Wolschke, H., Gandrass, J., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Accelerated solvent extraction combined with in-line cleanup and GC-MS/MS with isotope dilution techniques to determine trace-level carbazoles in sediment}, year={2015}, howpublished = {conference poster: Sao Paulo (BR);}, note = {Chen, W.; Xie, Z.; Wolschke, H.; Gandrass, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Accelerated solvent extraction combined with in-line cleanup and GC-MS/MS with isotope dilution techniques to determine trace-level carbazoles in sediment. In: 35th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, Dioxin 2015. Sao Paulo (BR). 2015.}} @misc{wolschke_occurrence_of_2014, author={Wolschke, H., Suehring, R., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Occurrence of organophosphorous flame retardants and plasticizer in the River Elbe during the summer flood event 2013 – A case study at the barrage Geesthacht}, year={2014}, howpublished = {conference poster: Madrid (E);}, note = {Wolschke, H.; Suehring, R.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence of organophosphorous flame retardants and plasticizer in the River Elbe during the summer flood event 2013 – A case study at the barrage Geesthacht. In: 34th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, Dioxin 2014. Madrid (E). 2014.}} @misc{slemr_analysis_and_2014, author={Slemr, F., Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Manning, A., Derwent, D., Simmonds, P., Spain, G., Jennings, G.}, title={Analysis and interpretation of 18 years of mercury observations since 1996 at Mace Head on the Atlantic Ocean coast of Ireland}, year={2014}, howpublished = {conference poster: Guiyang (VRC);}, note = {Slemr, F.; Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Manning, A.; Derwent, D.; Simmonds, P.; Spain, G.; Jennings, G.: Analysis and interpretation of 18 years of mercury observations since 1996 at Mace Head on the Atlantic Ocean coast of Ireland. In: 17th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, ICHMET 2014. Guiyang (VRC). 2014.}} @misc{weigelt_airborne_mercury_2014, author={Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Pirrone, N., Boedewadt, J., Ammoscato, I., Esposito, G., Spoveri, F., Mannarino, V., Montagnoli, M., Slemr, F.}, title={Airborne mercury measurements in the plume of the Mt. Etna volcano (Italy) in July/August 2012}, year={2014}, howpublished = {conference poster: Guiyang (VRC);}, note = {Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Pirrone, N.; Boedewadt, J.; Ammoscato, I.; Esposito, G.; Spoveri, F.; Mannarino, V.; Montagnoli, M.; Slemr, F.: Airborne mercury measurements in the plume of the Mt. Etna volcano (Italy) in July/August 2012. In: 17th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, ICHMET 2014. Guiyang (VRC). 2014.}} @misc{weigelt_airborne_measurements_2014, author={Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Pirrone, N., Boedewadt, J., Ammoscato, I., Esposito, G., Bieser, J., Slemr, F.}, title={Airborne measurements of mercury emissions from a modern coal fired power plant in central Europe}, year={2014}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Guiyang (VRC);}, note = {Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Pirrone, N.; Boedewadt, J.; Ammoscato, I.; Esposito, G.; Bieser, J.; Slemr, F.: Airborne measurements of mercury emissions from a modern coal fired power plant in central Europe. 17th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, ICHMET 2014. Guiyang (VRC), 2014.}} @misc{zhong_selected_currentuse_2014, author={Zhong, G., Tang, J., Xie, Z., Moeller, A., Zhao, Z., Sturm, R., Chen, Y., Tian, C., Pan, X., Qin, W., Zhang, G., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Selected current‐use and historic‐use pesticides in air and seawater of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China}, year={2014}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020951}, abstract = {Consumption of pesticides in China has increased rapidly in recent years; however, occurrence and fate of current-use pesticides (CUPs) in China coastal waters are poorly understood. Globally banned pesticides, so-called historic-use pesticides (HUPs), are still commonly observed in the environment. In this work, air and surface seawater samples taken from the Bohai and Yellow Seas in May 2012 were analyzed for CUPs including trifluralin, quintozene, chlorothalonil, dicofol, chlorpyrifos, and dacthal, as well as HUPs (hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and endosulfan). CUP profile in both air and seawater samples generally reflected their consumption patterns in China. HUPs in the air and seawater samples were in comparable levels as those of CUPs with high concentrations. α-Endosulfan, dicofol, and chlorothalonil showed strong net deposition likely resulting from their intensive use in recent years, while CUPs with low consumption amount (quintozene and dacthal) were close to equilibrium at most samplings sites. Another CUP with high usage amout (i.e., chlorpyrifos) underwent volatilization possibly due to its longer half-life in seawater than that in air. α-HCH and γ-HCH were close to equilibrium in the Bohai Sea, but mainly underwent net deposition in the Yellow Sea. The net deposition of α-HCH could be attributed to polluted air pulses from the East China identified by air mass back trajectories. β-HCH showed net volatilization in the Bohai Sea, which was driven by its relative enrichment in seawater. HCB either slightly favored net volatilization or was close to equilibrium in the Bohai and Yellow Seas.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020951} (DOI). Zhong, G.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Moeller, A.; Zhao, Z.; Sturm, R.; Chen, Y.; Tian, C.; Pan, X.; Qin, W.; Zhang, G.; Ebinghaus, R.: Selected current‐use and historic‐use pesticides in air and seawater of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China. Journal of Geophysical Research : Atmospheres. 2014. vol. 119, no. 2, 1073-1086. DOI: 10.1002/2013JD020951}} @misc{suehring_maternal_transfer_2014, author={Suehring, R., Freese, M., Pohlmann, J.-D., Alaee, M., Wolschke, H., Hanel, R., Ebinghaus, R., Marohn, L.}, title={Maternal transfer of emerging brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in European eels}, year={2014}, howpublished = {conference poster: Madrid (E);}, note = {Suehring, R.; Freese, M.; Pohlmann, J.; Alaee, M.; Wolschke, H.; Hanel, R.; Ebinghaus, R.; Marohn, L.: Maternal transfer of emerging brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in European eels. In: 34th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, Dioxin 2014. Madrid (E). 2014.}} @misc{suehring_distribution_and_2014, author={Suehring, R., Wolschke, H., Koetke, D., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Distribution and input of brominated flame retardants and Dechloranes in the German Bight}, year={2014}, howpublished = {conference poster: Madrid (E);}, note = {Suehring, R.; Wolschke, H.; Koetke, D.; Ebinghaus, R.: Distribution and input of brominated flame retardants and Dechloranes in the German Bight. In: 34th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, Dioxin 2014. Madrid (E). 2014.}} @misc{wolschke_atmospheric_concentrations_2014, author={Wolschke, H., Mi, W., Moeller, A., Suehring, R., Xie, Z., Wang, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Atmospheric concentrations of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizer in the German coast: case study at Buesum}, year={2014}, howpublished = {conference poster: Madrid (E);}, note = {Wolschke, H.; Mi, W.; Moeller, A.; Suehring, R.; Xie, Z.; Wang, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Atmospheric concentrations of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizer in the German coast: case study at Buesum. In: 34th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, Dioxin 2014. Madrid (E). 2014.}} @misc{wang_atmospheric_concentrations_2014, author={Wang, Z., Xie, Z., Moeller, A., Mi, W., Wolschke, H., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Atmospheric concentrations and gas/particle partitioning of neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in northern German coast}, year={2014}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.036}, abstract = {Total 58 high volume air samples were collected in Büsum, Germany, from August 2011 to October 2012 to investigate air concentrations of 12 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and their gas/particle partitioning. The total concentration (vapor plus particle phases) of the 12 PFASs (ΣPFASs) ranged from 8.6 to 155 pg/m3 (mean: 41 pg/m3) while fluorotelomer alcohols 8:2 (8:2 FTOH) dominated all samples accounting for 61.9% of ΣPFASs and the next most species were 10:2 FTOH (12.7%). Air mass back trajectory analysis showed that atmospheric PFASs in most samples were from long range atmospheric transport processes and had higher ratios of 8:2 to 6:2 FTOH compared to the data obtained from urban/industrial sources. Small portion of particle PFASs in the atmosphere was observed and the average percent to ΣPFASs was 2.0%. The particle-associated fractions of different PFASs decreased from perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanols (FOSEs) (15.5%) to fluorotelomer acrylates (FTAs) (7.6%) to perfluorooctane sulfonamides (FOSAs) (3.1%) and FTOHs (1.8%), indicating the functional group obviously influenced their gas/particle partitioning. For neutral compounds with acid dissociation constant (pKa) > 7.0 (i.e., FTOHs, FOSEs and FOSAs), a significant log-linear relationship was observed between their gas/particle partition coefficients (KSP) and vapor pressures (pºL), suggesting the gas/particle partitioning of neutral PFASs agreed with the classical logKSP - logpºL relation. Due to the pKa values of 6:2 and 8:2 FTA below the typical environmental pH conditions, they mainly exist as ionic form in aerosols, and the corrected logKSP (neutral form) were considerably lower than those of FTOHs, FOSEs and FOSAs with similar vapor pressures. Considering the strong partitioning potential to aqueous phases for ionic PFASs at higher pH values, a need exists to develop a model taking account of the ad/absorption mechanism to the condensed phase of aerosols for ionizable PFASs (e.g., FTAs).}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.036} (DOI). Wang, Z.; Xie, Z.; Moeller, A.; Mi, W.; Wolschke, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Atmospheric concentrations and gas/particle partitioning of neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in northern German coast. Atmospheric Environment. 2014. vol. 95, 207-213. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.036}} @misc{wang_accumulation_of_2014, author={Wang, X., Halsall, C., Codling, G., Xie, Z., Xu, B., Zhao, Z., Xue, Y., Ebinghaus, R., Jones, K.C.}, title={Accumulation of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds in Tibetan Mountain Snow: Temporal Patterns from 1980 to 2010}, year={2014}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/es4044775}, abstract = {The use of snow and ice cores as recorders of environmental contamination is particularly relevant for per- and polyfluoroalky substances (PFASs) given their production history, differing source regions and varied mechanisms driving their global distribution. In a unique study perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were analyzed in dated snow-cores obtained from high mountain glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). One snow core was obtained from the Mt Muztagata glacier (accumulation period of 1980–1999), located in western Tibet and a second core from Mt. Zuoqiupo (accumulation period: 1996–2007) located in southeastern Tibet, with fresh surface snow collected near Lake Namco in 2010 (southern Tibet). The higher concentrations of ∑PFAAs were observed in the older Mt Muztagata core and dominated by perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (61.4–346 pg/L) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (40.8–243 pg/L), whereas in the Mt Zuoqiupu core the concentrations were lower (e.g., PFOA: 37.8–183 pg/L) with PFOS below detection limits. These differences in PFAA concentrations and composition profile likely reflect the upwind sources affecting the respective sites (e.g., European/central Asian sources for Mt Muztagata and India sources for Mt Zuoqiupu). Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) dominated the recent surface snowpack of Lake Namco which is mainly associated with India sources where the shorter chain volatile PFASs precursors predominate. The use of snow cores in different parts of Tibet provides useful recorders to examine the influence of different PFASs source regions and reflect changing PFAS production/use in the Northern Hemisphere.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/es4044775} (DOI). Wang, X.; Halsall, C.; Codling, G.; Xie, Z.; Xu, B.; Zhao, Z.; Xue, Y.; Ebinghaus, R.; Jones, K.: Accumulation of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds in Tibetan Mountain Snow: Temporal Patterns from 1980 to 2010. Environmental Science and Technology. 2014. vol. 48, no. 1, 173-181. DOI: 10.1021/es4044775}} @misc{steffen_atmospheric_mercury_2014, author={Steffen, A., Bottenheim, J., Cole, A., Ebinghaus, R., Lawson, G., Leaitch, W.R.}, title={Atmospheric mercury speciation and mercury in snow over time at Alert, Canada}, year={2014}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2219-2014}, abstract = {Ten years of atmospheric mercury speciation data and 14 years of mercury in snow data from Alert, Nunavut, Canada, are examined. The speciation data, collected from 2002 to 2011, includes gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), particulate mercury (PHg) and reactive gaseous mercury (RGM). During the winter-spring period of atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs), when GEM is close to being completely depleted from the air, the concentration of both PHg and RGM rise significantly. During this period, the median concentrations for PHg is 28.2 pgm−3 and RGM is 23.9 pgm−3, from March to June, in comparison to the annual median concentrations of 11.3 and 3.2 pgm−3 for PHg and RGM, respectively. In each of the ten years of sampling, the concentration of PHg increases steadily from January through March and is higher than the concentration of RGM. This pattern begins to change in April when the levels of PHg peak and RGM begin to increase. In May, the high PHg and low RGM concentration regime observed in the early spring undergoes a transition to a regime with higher RGM and much lower PHg concentrations. The higher RGM concentration continues into June. The transition is driven by the atmospheric conditions of air temperature and particle availability. Firstly, a high ratio of the concentrations of PHg to RGM is reported at low temperatures which suggests that oxidized gaseous mercury partitions to available particles to form PHg. Prior to the transition, the median air temperature is −24.8 °C and after the transition the median air temperature is −5.8 °C. Secondly, the high PHg concentrations occur in the spring when high particle concentrations are present. The high particle concentrations are principally due to Arctic haze and sea salts. In the snow, the concentrations of mercury peak in May for all years. Springtime deposition of total mercury to the snow at Alert peaks in May when atmospheric conditions favour higher levels of RGM. Therefore, the conditions in the atmosphere directly impact when the highest amount of mercury will be deposited to the snow during the Arctic spring.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2219-2014} (DOI). Steffen, A.; Bottenheim, J.; Cole, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Lawson, G.; Leaitch, W.: Atmospheric mercury speciation and mercury in snow over time at Alert, Canada. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2014. vol. 14, no. 5, 2219-2231. DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-2219-2014}} @misc{weigelt_mercury_vertical_2014, author={Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Pirrone, N., Boedewadt, J., Ammoscato, I., Esposito, G., Bieser, J., Slemr, F.}, title={Mercury vertical profiles, measured in August 2013 over different locations in central Europe}, year={2014}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Guiyang (VRC);}, note = {Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Pirrone, N.; Boedewadt, J.; Ammoscato, I.; Esposito, G.; Bieser, J.; Slemr, F.: Mercury vertical profiles, measured in August 2013 over different locations in central Europe. 17th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, ICHMET 2014. Guiyang (VRC), 2014.}} @misc{suehring_brominated_flame_2014, author={Suehring, R., Byer, J., Freese, M., Pohlmann, J.-D., Wolschke, H., Moeller, A., Hodson, P.V., Alaee, M., Hanel, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Brominated flame retardants and Dechloranes in European and American eels from glass to silver life stages}, year={2014}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.096}, abstract = {In general, concentrations of flame retardants (FRs) were similar to or higher in American than in European eels, and a greater number of FRs were detected. PBDE congeners that are characteristic of the Penta-PBDE formulation were the most abundant FRs in all adult eels as well as American glass eels. In European glass eels the alternate BFR 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenylether (DPTE) and Dechlorane Plus were the dominating FRs, with average concentrations of 1.1 ± 0.31 ng g−1 ww and up to 0.32 ng g−1 ww respectively. Of the PBDEs BDE-183 was the most abundant congener in European glass eels. Low concentrations (less than 10% of the total contamination) of Tetra and Penta-PBDEs in juvenile European eels indicated that bans of technical Penta-PBDE in the European Union are effective. Enrichment of PBDEs was observed over the life stages of both European and American eels. However, a greater relative contribution of PBDEs to the sum FR contamination in American eels indicated an on-going exposure to these substances. High contributions of alternate BFRs in juvenile eels indicated an increased use of these substances in recent years. Concentrations seemed to be driven primarily by location, rather than life stage or age.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.096} (DOI). Suehring, R.; Byer, J.; Freese, M.; Pohlmann, J.; Wolschke, H.; Moeller, A.; Hodson, P.; Alaee, M.; Hanel, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Brominated flame retardants and Dechloranes in European and American eels from glass to silver life stages. Chemosphere. 2014. vol. 116, 104-111. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.096}} @misc{trautwein_occurrence_of_2014, author={Trautwein, C., Berset, J.-D., Wolschke, H., Kuemmerer, K.}, title={Occurrence of the antidiabetic drug Metformin and its ultimate transformation product Guanylurea in several compartments of the aquatic cycle}, year={2014}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.008}, abstract = {To provide a more complete picture of the distribution and potential persistence of these compounds in the German water cycle, a new, efficient and highly sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method with direct injection was used for the measurement of Metformin and Guanylurea in drinking, surface, sewage and seawater. Limits of quantification (LOQ) ranging from 2–10 ng/L allowed the detection of Metformin and Guanylurea in different locations such as: Lake Constance (n = 11: AVMet = 102 ng/L, AVGua = 16 ng/L), river Elbe (n = 12: AVMet = 472 ng/L, AVGua = 9 ng/L), river Weser (n = 6: AVMet = 349 ng/L, AVGua = 137 ng/L) and for the first time in marine North Sea water (n = 14: AVMet = 13 ng/L, AVGua = 11 ng/L). Based on daily water discharges, Metformin loads of 15.2 kg/d (Elbe) and 6.4 kg/d (Weser) into the North Sea were calculated. Lake Constance is used to abstract potable water which is further purified to be used as drinking water. A first screening of two tap water samples contained 2 ng/L and 61 ng/L of Metformin, respectively. The results of this study suggest that Metformin and Guanylurea could be distributed over a large fraction of the world's potable water sources and oceans. With no natural degradation processes, these compounds can be easily reintroduced to humans as they enter the food chain.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.008} (DOI). Trautwein, C.; Berset, J.; Wolschke, H.; Kuemmerer, K.: Occurrence of the antidiabetic drug Metformin and its ultimate transformation product Guanylurea in several compartments of the aquatic cycle. Environment International. 2014. vol. 70, 203-212. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.008}} @misc{schulze_ecosystem_responses_2014, author={Schulze, S., Palm, W., Ebinghaus, R., Scheringer, M., Floeser, G.}, title={Ecosystem responses to chemical pollution}, year={2014}, howpublished = {lecture: Leuphana Universitaet Lueneburg, FB Umweltchemie;}, note = {Schulze, S.; Palm, W.; Ebinghaus, R.; Scheringer, M.; Floeser, G.: Ecosystem responses to chemical pollution. Leuphana Universitaet Lueneburg, FB Umweltchemie, 2014.}} @misc{ebinghaus_ausbreitung_von_2014, author={Ebinghaus, R., Temme, C., Xie, Z.}, title={Ausbreitung von Schadstoffen in den Polarregionen}, year={2014}, howpublished = {book part}, abstract = {Auf unterschiedlichen Klimaszenarien beruhende Untersuchungen zeigen, dass signifikante Veränderungen der wesentlichen atmosphärischen und ozeanischen Transportmuster möglich sind. Dies bedeutet auch, dass die Klimavariabilität der vergangenen Dekaden möglicherweise für einige der beobachteten Trends der Schadstoffbelastung zum Teil mitverantwortlich sein könnte.}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.; Temme, C.; Xie, Z.: Ausbreitung von Schadstoffen in den Polarregionen. In: Lozan, J.; Grassl, H.; Notz, D.; Piepenburg, D. (Ed.): Warnsignal Klima: Die Polarregionen : Wissenschaftliche Fakten. Hamburg: Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen. 2014. 310-318.}} @misc{suehring_maternal_transfer_2014, author={Suehring, R., Freese, M., Pohlmann, J.-D., Alaee, M., Wolschke, H., Hanel, R., Ebinghaus, R., Marohn, L.}, title={Maternal transfer of emerging brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in European eels}, year={2014}, howpublished = {conference paper: Madrid (E);}, note = {Suehring, R.; Freese, M.; Pohlmann, J.; Alaee, M.; Wolschke, H.; Hanel, R.; Ebinghaus, R.; Marohn, L.: Maternal transfer of emerging brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in European eels. In: Organohalogen compounds, 34th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, Dioxin 2014. Madrid (E). 2014. 250-253.}} @misc{suehring_distribution_and_2014, author={Suehring, R., Wolschke, H., Koetke, D., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Distribution and input of brominated flame retardants and Dechloranes in the German Bight}, year={2014}, howpublished = {conference paper: Madrid (E);}, note = {Suehring, R.; Wolschke, H.; Koetke, D.; Ebinghaus, R.: Distribution and input of brominated flame retardants and Dechloranes in the German Bight. In: Organohalogen compounds, 34th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, Dioxin 2014. Madrid (E). 2014. 214-217.}} @misc{kuemmerer_aktuelle_fragen_2014, author={Kuemmerer, K., Ebinghaus, R., Scheringer, M., Matthias, V.}, title={Aktuelle Fragen der Umweltchemie und Nachhaltigen Chemie}, year={2014}, howpublished = {lecture: Leuphana Universitaet Lueneburg, FB Umweltchemie;}, note = {Kuemmerer, K.; Ebinghaus, R.; Scheringer, M.; Matthias, V.: Aktuelle Fragen der Umweltchemie und Nachhaltigen Chemie. Leuphana Universitaet Lueneburg, FB Umweltchemie, 2014.}} @misc{bieser_a_diagnostic_2014, author={Bieser, J., De Simone, F., Gencarelli, C., Geyer, B., Hedgecock, I., Matthias, V., Travnikov, O., Weigelt, A.}, title={A diagnostic evaluation of modeled mercury wet depositions in Europe using atmospheric speciated high-resolution observations}, year={2014}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2863-2}, abstract = {This study is part of the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS), a European FP7 project dedicated to the improvement and validation of mercury models to assist in establishing a global monitoring network and to support political decisions. One key question about the global mercury cycle is the efficiency of its removal out of the atmosphere into other environmental compartments. So far, the evaluation of modeled wet deposition of mercury was difficult because of a lack of long-term measurements of oxidized and elemental mercury. The oxidized mercury species gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and particle-bound mercury (PBM) which are found in the atmosphere in typical concentrations of a few to a few tens pg/m3 are the relevant components for the wet deposition of mercury. In this study, the first European long-term dataset of speciated mercury taken at Waldhof/Germany was used to evaluate deposition fields modeled with the chemistry transport model (CTM) Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) and to analyze the influence of the governing parameters. The influence of the parameters precipitation and atmospheric concentration was evaluated using different input datasets for a variety of CMAQ simulations for the year 2009. It was found that on the basis of daily and weekly measurement data, the bias of modeled depositions could be explained by the bias of precipitation fields and atmospheric concentrations of GOM and PBM. A correction of the modeled wet deposition using observed daily precipitation increased the correlation, on average, from 0.17 to 0.78. An additional correction based on the daily average GOM and PBM concentration lead to a 50 % decrease of the model error for all CMAQ scenarios. Monthly deposition measurements were found to have a too low temporal resolution to adequately analyze model deficiencies in wet deposition processes due to the nonlinear nature of the scavenging process. Moreover, the general overestimation of atmospheric GOM by the CTM in combination with an underestimation of low precipitation events in the meteorological models lead to a good agreement of total annual wet deposition besides the large error in weekly deposition estimates. Moreover, it was found that the current speciation profiles for GOM emissions are the main factor for the overestimation of atmospheric GOM concentrations and might need to be revised in the future. The assumption of zero emissions of GOM lead to an improvement of the mean normalized bias for three-hourly observations of atmospheric GOM from 9.7 to 0.5, Furthermore, the diurnal correlation between model and observation increased from 0.01 to 0.64. This is a strong indicator that GOM is not directly emitted from primary sources but is mainly created by oxidation of GEM.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2863-2} (DOI). Bieser, J.; De Simone, F.; Gencarelli, C.; Geyer, B.; Hedgecock, I.; Matthias, V.; Travnikov, O.; Weigelt, A.: A diagnostic evaluation of modeled mercury wet depositions in Europe using atmospheric speciated high-resolution observations. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2014. vol. 21, no. 16, 9995-10012. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2863-2}} @misc{ebinghaus_regional_and_2014, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Regional and global distribution of mercury and halogenated flame retardants in the atmospheric and marine environment}, year={2014}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Stellenbosch (ZA);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: Regional and global distribution of mercury and halogenated flame retardants in the atmospheric and marine environment. Seminar at Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Stellenbosch (ZA), 2014.}} @misc{ebinghaus_regional_and_2014, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Regional and global distribution of mercury and halogenated flame retardants in the atmospheric and marine environment}, year={2014}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Cape Town (ZA);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: Regional and global distribution of mercury and halogenated flame retardants in the atmospheric and marine environment. Seminar at University of Western Cape. Cape Town (ZA), 2014.}} @misc{weigelt_long_term_2014, author={Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Bieser, J., Schwerin, A., Schuetze, M., Bieber, E., Hawkins, L.}, title={Long term speciated atmospheric mercury measurements at a Central European rural background site}, year={2014}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Yantai (VRC);}, note = {Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Bieser, J.; Schwerin, A.; Schuetze, M.; Bieber, E.; Hawkins, L.: Long term speciated atmospheric mercury measurements at a Central European rural background site. Seminar at Yantai University. Yantai (VRC), 2014.}} @misc{slemr_mercury_plumes_2014, author={Slemr, F., Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Brenninkmeijer, C., Baker, A., Schuck, T., Rauthe-Schöch, A., Riede, H., Leedham, E., Hermann, M., Velthoven, P.van, Oram, D., O`Sullivan, D., Dyroff, C., Zahn, A., Ziereis, H.}, title={Mercury Plumes in the Global Upper Troposphere Observed during Flights with the CARIBIC Observatory from May 2005 until June 2013}, year={2014}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos5020342}, abstract = {Tropospheric sections of flights with the CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrumented Container) observatory from May 2005 until June 2013, are investigated for the occurrence of plumes with elevated Hg concentrations. Additional information on CO, CO2, CH4, NOy, O3, hydrocarbons, halocarbons, acetone and acetonitrile enable us to attribute the plumes to biomass burning, urban/industrial sources or a mixture of both. Altogether, 98 pollution plumes with elevated Hg concentrations and CO mixing ratios were encountered, and the Hg/CO emission ratios for 49 of them could be calculated. Most of the plumes were found over East Asia, in the African equatorial region, over South America and over Pakistan and India. The plumes encountered over equatorial Africa and over South America originate predominantly from biomass burning, as evidenced by the low Hg/CO emission ratios and elevated mixing ratios of acetonitrile, CH3Cl and particle concentrations. The backward trajectories point to the regions around the Rift Valley and the Amazon Basin, with its outskirts, as the source areas. The plumes encountered over East Asia and over Pakistan and India are predominantly of urban/industrial origin, sometimes mixed with products of biomass/biofuel burning. Backward trajectories point mostly to source areas in China and northern India. The Hg/CO2 and Hg/CH4 emission ratios for several plumes are also presented and discussed.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos5020342} (DOI). Slemr, F.; Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Baker, A.; Schuck, T.; Rauthe-Schöch, A.; Riede, H.; Leedham, E.; Hermann, M.; Velthoven, P.; Oram, D.; O`Sullivan, D.; Dyroff, C.; Zahn, A.; Ziereis, H.: Mercury Plumes in the Global Upper Troposphere Observed during Flights with the CARIBIC Observatory from May 2005 until June 2013. Atmosphere. 2014. vol. 5, no. 2, 342-369. DOI: 10.3390/atmos5020342}} @misc{martinsson_comparison_between_2014, author={Martinsson, B.G., Friberg, J., Andersson, S.M., Weigelt, A., Hermann, M., Assmann, D., Voigtlaender, J., Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M., Velthoven, P.J.F.van, Zahn, A.}, title={Comparison between CARIBIC Aerosol Samples Analysed by Accelerator-Based Methods and Optical Particle Counter Measurements}, year={2014}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2581-2014}, abstract = {Inter-comparison of results from two kinds of aerosol systems in the CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on a Instrument Container) passenger aircraft based observatory, operating during intercontinental flights at 9–12 km altitude, is presented. Aerosol from the lowermost stratosphere (LMS), the extra-tropical upper troposphere (UT) and the tropical mid troposphere (MT) were investigated. Aerosol particle volume concentration measured with an optical particle counter (OPC) is compared with analytical results of the sum of masses of all major and several minor constituents from aerosol samples collected with an impactor. Analyses were undertaken with the following accelerator-based methods: particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and particle elastic scattering analysis (PESA). Data from 48 flights during 1 year are used, leading to a total of 106 individual comparisons. The ratios of the particle volume from the OPC and the total mass from the analyses were in 84% within a relatively narrow interval. Data points outside this interval are connected with inlet-related effects in clouds, large variability in aerosol composition, particle size distribution effects and some cases of non-ideal sampling. Overall, the comparison of these two CARIBIC measurements based on vastly different methods show good agreement, implying that the chemical and size information can be combined in studies of the MT/UT/LMS aerosol.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2581-2014} (DOI). Martinsson, B.; Friberg, J.; Andersson, S.; Weigelt, A.; Hermann, M.; Assmann, D.; Voigtlaender, J.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Velthoven, P.; Zahn, A.: Comparison between CARIBIC Aerosol Samples Analysed by Accelerator-Based Methods and Optical Particle Counter Measurements. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2014. vol. 7, no. 8, 2581-2596. DOI: 10.5194/amt-7-2581-2014}} @misc{suehring_brominated_flame_2013, author={Suehring, R., Moeller, A., Freese, M., Pohlmann, J.-D., Wolschke, H., Sturm, R., Xie, Z., Hanel, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Brominated flame retardants and dechloranes in eels from German Rivers}, year={2013}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.016}, abstract = {These are the first reports of Dec-602 and 603 in aquatic organisms from Europe. The results of this study show the lasting relevance of PBDEs as contaminants in rivers and river-dwelling species but also the growing relevance of emerging contaminants such as alternate BFRs and dechloranes.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.016} (DOI). Suehring, R.; Moeller, A.; Freese, M.; Pohlmann, J.; Wolschke, H.; Sturm, R.; Xie, Z.; Hanel, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Brominated flame retardants and dechloranes in eels from German Rivers. Chemosphere. 2013. vol. 90, no. 1, 118-124. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.016}} @misc{slemr_caribic_observations_2013, author={Slemr, F., Ebinghaus, R., Weigelt, A., Kock, H.H., Brenninkmeijer, C., Schuck, T., Herrmann, M., Zahn, A., Velthoven, P.van, Martinsson, B., Ziereis, H.}, title={CARIBIC observations of gaseous mercury in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere}, year={2013}, howpublished = {conference paper: Rom (I);}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20130117001}, abstract = {A unique set of gaseous mercury measurements in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) has been obtained during the monthly CARIBIC (www.caribic-atmospheric.com) flights since May 2005. The passenger Airbus 340-600 of Lufthansa covered routes to the Far East, North America, India, and the southern hemisphere. The accompanying measurements of CO, O3, NOy, H2O, aerosols, halocarbons, hydrocarbons, greenhouse gases, and several other parameters as well as backward trajectories enable a detailed analysis of these measurements. Speciation tests have shown that the CARIBIC measurements represent a good approximation of total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations. Above the tropopause TGM always decrease with increasing potential vorticity (PV) and O3 which implies its conversion to particle bound mercury. The observation of the lowest TGM concentrations at the highest particle concentrations in the stratosphere provides further evidence for such conversion. We will show how a seasonally dependent conversion rate could be derived using concomitantly measured SF6 mixing ratios as a timer. Tropospheric mercury data suggest the existence of a decreasing trend in the northern hemisphere whose size is comparable with the trend derived from long-term measurements by ship cruises, at Cape Point (South Africa) and Mace Head (Ireland).}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20130117001} (DOI). Slemr, F.; Ebinghaus, R.; Weigelt, A.; Kock, H.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Schuck, T.; Herrmann, M.; Zahn, A.; Velthoven, P.; Martinsson, B.; Ziereis, H.: CARIBIC observations of gaseous mercury in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. In: Pirrone, N. (Ed.): E3S Web of Conferences, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, ICHMET 2012. Rom (I). 2013. 17001. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/20130117001}} @misc{readman_contaminants_pollution_2013, author={Readman, J., de Luna, F., Ebinghaus, R., Guzman, A.N., Price, A., Readman, E., Shepard, A., Sleight, V., Sturm, R., Thompson, R., Tonkin, A., Wolschke, H., Wright, R.}, title={Contaminants, Pollution and Potential Anthropogenic Impacts in Chagos/BIOT}, year={2013}, howpublished = {book part}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5965-7_21}, abstract = {A broad range of chemical contaminants and pollutants have been measured within the Chagos Archipelago. Contamination is amongst the lowest in the world. Whilst much data is in the open literature, the chapter also includes details of extensive pollution monitoring for the atoll Diego Garcia which hosts a military facility. Hydrocarbons present are primarily of a natural origin with negligible evidence of contamination from petroleum or combustion origins. Tar balls, however, have been reported on several beaches in the Archipelago. Analyses of faecal steroids provide negligible evidence of sewage contamination. ‘Persistent organic pollutants’ (POPs), including PCBs and pesticides, were generally below analytical detection limits, as were polyfluorinated compounds, brominated, chlorinated and organo-phosphorous flame retardants, fluorinated tensides, and surfactants (PFOS). Antifouling biocides and herbicides in Diego Garcia show negligible contamination. Metal concentrations are very low. Levels of most contaminants are typically comparable to those recorded in environments perceived to be pristine, for example, the Antarctic. In Diego Garcia, extensive monitoring includes regular analyses in accredited US laboratories of over one hundred metals and organic contaminants. Results generally reveal concentrations below detection limits. This is in agreement with the open literature surveys. These legislated assessments are designed to ensure both environmental and human health preservation. Whilst many detection limits are higher than those of the independent surveys, they generally confirm the pristine nature of the Archipelago. Beach surveys, however, revealed a surprisingly high number of pieces of debris throughout the Archipelago, mainly plastics of South East Asian origin. The number of litter pieces in Diego Garcia was less than in the other atolls, reductions being attributed to beach clean-up events. Microplastic contamination is shown to be both widespread and relatively high compared to other locations on a global scale, and there were significantly more microplastics at uninhabited atolls compared to the Diego Garcia, showing the potential for microplastics to accumulate in remote locations. Holothurian (sea cucumber) poaching has been another significant environmental pressure on the coral reefs of Chagos and is included in this review, in view of the reported ecological benefits of the group to reef health and resilience.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5965-7_21} (DOI). Readman, J.; de Luna, F.; Ebinghaus, R.; Guzman, A.; Price, A.; Readman, E.; Shepard, A.; Sleight, V.; Sturm, R.; Thompson, R.; Tonkin, A.; Wolschke, H.; Wright, R.: Contaminants, Pollution and Potential Anthropogenic Impacts in Chagos/BIOT. In: Sheppard, C. (Ed.): Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories, Coral Reefs of the World. Springer. 2013. 283-298. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5965-7_21}} @misc{wolschke_occurrence_and_2013, author={Wolschke, H., Heydebreck, F., Xie, Z., Suehring, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Occurrence and distribution of organic UV-stabilizers in sediments of the German Bight}, year={2013}, howpublished = {conference poster: Birmingham (GB);}, note = {Wolschke, H.; Heydebreck, F.; Xie, Z.; Suehring, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence and distribution of organic UV-stabilizers in sediments of the German Bight. In: 7th Network Conference on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Birmingham (GB). 2013.}} @misc{heydebreck_development_and_2013, author={Heydebreck, F., Wolschke, H., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Development and validation of a method for the determination of plastic additives in sediments}, year={2013}, howpublished = {conference poster: Glasgow (GB);}, note = {Heydebreck, F.; Wolschke, H.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Development and validation of a method for the determination of plastic additives in sediments. In: SETAC Europe 23rd Annual Meeting. Glasgow (GB). 2013.}} @misc{wolschke_occurrence_and_2013, author={Wolschke, H., Heydebreck, F., Xie, Z., Suehring, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Occurrence and distribution of organic UV-stabilizers in sediments of the German Bight}, year={2013}, howpublished = {conference poster: Glasgow (GB);}, note = {Wolschke, H.; Heydebreck, F.; Xie, Z.; Suehring, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence and distribution of organic UV-stabilizers in sediments of the German Bight. In: SETAC Europe 23rd Annual Meeting. Glasgow (GB). 2013.}} @misc{suehring_novel_brominated_2013, author={Suehring, R., Quade, S., Wolschke, H., Heydebreck, F., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Novel brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in sediments from the German Bight}, year={2013}, howpublished = {conference poster: Glasgow (GB);}, note = {Suehring, R.; Quade, S.; Wolschke, H.; Heydebreck, F.; Ebinghaus, R.: Novel brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in sediments from the German Bight. In: SETAC Europe 23rd Annual Meeting. Glasgow (GB). 2013.}} @misc{weigelt_measurements_of_2013, author={Weigelt, A., Temme, C., Bieber, E., Schwerin, A., Schuetze, M., Ebinghaus, R., Kock, H.-H.}, title={Measurements of atmospheric mercury species at a German rural background site from 2009 to 2011 - methods and results}, year={2013}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1071/EN12107}, abstract = {Measurements of mercury species started in 2009 at the air pollution monitoring site ‘Waldhof’ of the German Federal Environmental Agency. Waldhof (52°48′N, 10°45′E) is a rural background site located in the northern German lowlands in a flat terrain, 100 km south-east of Hamburg. The temporally highly resolved measurements of total gaseous mercury (TGM), gaseous oxidised mercury (GOM), particle-bound mercury (PBMPM2.5, with particulate matter of a diameter of ≤2.5 µm) and gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) cover the period from 2009 to 2011. The complete measurement procedure turned out to be well applicable to detect GOM and PBMPM2.5 levels in the range of 0.4 to 65 pg m–3. As the linearity of the analyser was proven to be constant over orders of magnitude, even larger concentrations can be measured accurately. The 3-year median concentration of GEM is found to be 1.61 ng m–3, representing typical northern hemispheric background concentrations. With 6.3 pg m–3, the 3-year average concentration of PBMPM2.5 is found to be approximately six times higher than the 3-year average GOM concentration. During winter the PBMPM2.5 concentration is on average twice as high as the PBMPM2.5 summer concentration, whereas the GOM concentration shows no clear seasonality. However, on a comparatively low level, a significant diurnal cycle is shown for GOM concentrations. This cycle is most likely related to photochemical oxidation mechanisms. Comparison with selected North American long-term mercury speciation datasets shows that the Waldhof 3-year median speciated mercury data represent typical rural background values.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1071/EN12107} (DOI). Weigelt, A.; Temme, C.; Bieber, E.; Schwerin, A.; Schuetze, M.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H.: Measurements of atmospheric mercury species at a German rural background site from 2009 to 2011 - methods and results. Environmental Chemistry. 2013. vol. 10, no. 2, 102-110. DOI: 10.1071/EN12107}} @misc{slemr_222rncalibrated_mercury_2013, author={Slemr, F., Brunke, E.-G., Whittlestone, S., Zahorowski, W., Ebinghaus, R., Kock, H.H., Labuschagne, C.}, title={222Rn-calibrated mercury fluxes from terrestrial surface of southern Africa}, year={2013}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6421-2013}, abstract = {Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and 222Rn, a radioactive gas of primarily terrestrial origin with a half-life of 3.8 days, have been measured simultaneously at Cape Point, South Africa, since March 2007. Between March 2007 and December 2011, altogether 191 events with high 222Rn concentrations were identified. GEM correlated with 222Rn in 94 of the events and was constant during almost all the remaining events without significant correlation. The average GEM / 222Rn flux ratio of all events including the non-significant ones was −0.0001 with a standard error of ±0.0030 pg mBq−1. Weighted with the event duration, the average GEM / 222Rn flux ratio was −0.0048 ± 0.0011 pg mBq−1. With an emission rate of 1.1 222Rn atoms cm−2 s−1 and a correction for the transport time, this flux ratio corresponds to a radon-calibrated flux of about −0.54 ng GEM m−2 h−1 with a standard error of ±0.13 ng GEM m−2 h−1 (n = 191). With wet deposition, which is not included in this estimate, the terrestrial surface of southern Africa seems to be a net mercury sink of about −1.55 ng m−2 h−1. The additional contribution of an unknown but presumably significant deposition of reactive gaseous mercury would further increase this sink.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6421-2013} (DOI). Slemr, F.; Brunke, E.; Whittlestone, S.; Zahorowski, W.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H.; Labuschagne, C.: 222Rn-calibrated mercury fluxes from terrestrial surface of southern Africa. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2013. vol. 13, no. 13, 6421-6428. DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-6421-2013}} @misc{xie_neutral_poly_2013, author={Xie, Z., Zhao, Z., Moeller, A., Wolschke, H., Ahrens, L., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in air and seawater of the North Sea}, year={2013}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1757-z}, abstract = {Concentrations of neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), such as fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FASAs), perfluoroalkane sufonamidoethanols (FASEs), and fluorotelomer acrylates (FTACs), have been simultaneously determined in surface seawater and the atmosphere of the North Sea. Seawater and air samples were taken aboard the German research vessel Heincke on the cruise 303 from 15 to 24 May 2009. The concentrations of FTOHs, FASAs, FASEs, and FTACs in the dissolved phase were 2.6–74, <0.1–19, <0.1–63, and <1.0–9.0 pg L−1, respectively. The highest concentrations were determined in the estuary of the Weser and Elbe rivers and a decreasing concentration profile appeared with increasing distance from the coast toward the central part of the North Sea. Gaseous FTOHs, FASAs, FASEs, and FTACs were in the range of 36–126, 3.1–26, 3.7–19, and 0.8–5.6 pg m−3, which were consistent with the concentrations determined in 2007 in the North Sea, and approximately five times lower than those reported for an urban area of Northern Germany. These results suggested continuous continental emissions of neutral PFASs followed by transport toward the marine environment. Air–seawater gas exchanges of neutral PFASs were estimated using fugacity ratios and the two-film resistance model based upon paired air–seawater concentrations and estimated Henry's law constant values. Volatilization dominated for all neutral PFASs in the North Sea. The air–seawater gas exchange fluxes were in the range of 2.5 × 103–3.6 × 105 pg m−2 for FTOHs, 1.8 × 102–1.0 × 105 pg m−2 for FASAs, 1.1 × 102–3.0 × 105 pg m−2 for FASEs and 6.3 × 102–2.0 × 104 pg m−2 for FTACs, respectively. These results suggest that the air–seawater gas exchange is an important process that intervenes in the transport and fate for neutral PFASs in the marine environment.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1757-z} (DOI). Xie, Z.; Zhao, Z.; Moeller, A.; Wolschke, H.; Ahrens, L.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in air and seawater of the North Sea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2013. vol. 20, no. 11, 7988-8000. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1757-z}} @misc{slemr_222rn_calibrated_2013, author={Slemr, F., Brunke, E.-G., Wittlestobe, S., Zahorowski, M., Ebinghaus, R., Kock, H.H., Labuschagne, C.}, title={222Rn calibrated mercury fluxes from terrestrial surfaces of southern Africa derived from observations at Cape Point, South Africa}, year={2013}, howpublished = {conference paper: Rom (I);}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20130117005}, abstract = {Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and 222Rn, a radioactive gas of primarily terrestrial origin with a half-life of 3.8 days, have been measured simultaneously at Cape Point, South Africa, since March 2007. Between March 2007 and December 2009 altogether 59 events with high 222Rn concentrations were identified. GEM correlated with 222Rn in 41 of the events and was constant during the remaining events without significant correlation. The average GEM/222Rn emission ratio of all events was −0.0047 ± 0.0054 pg mBq−1, with ± 0.0054 being the standard error of the average. With an emission rate of 1.1 222Rn atoms cm−2 s−1 and a correction for the transport duration, this emission ratio corresponds to a radon calibrated flux of about −0.53 ± 0.62 ng m−2 h−1 which is statistically not distinguishable from zero. With wet deposition, which is not included in this estimate, the terrestrial surface of southern Africa appears to be a net mercury sink.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20130117005} (DOI). Slemr, F.; Brunke, E.; Wittlestobe, S.; Zahorowski, M.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H.; Labuschagne, C.: 222Rn calibrated mercury fluxes from terrestrial surfaces of southern Africa derived from observations at Cape Point, South Africa. In: Pirrone, N. (Ed.): E3S Web of Conferences, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, ICHMET 2012. Rom (I). 2013. 17005. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/20130117005}} @misc{zhang_spatial_distribution_2013, author={Zhang, Y., Lai, S., Zhao, Z., Liu, F., Chen, H., Zou, S., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in the Pearl River of Southern China}, year={2013}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.060}, abstract = {An intensive campaign was conducted in September 2012 to collect surface water samples along the tributaries of the Pearl River in southern China. Thirteen perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), including perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs, C4–C11) and perfluorosulfonates (PFSAs, C4, C6–C8, and C10), were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/(-)ESI–MS/MS). The concentrations of total PFAAs (ΣPFAAs) ranged from 3.0 to 52 ng L−1, with an average of 19 ± 12 ng L−1. The highest concentrations of ΣPFAAs were detected in the surface water of the Dong Jiang tributary (17–52 ng L−1), followed by the main stream (13–26 ng L−1) and the Sha Wan stream (3.0–4.5 ng L−1). Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were the three most abundant PFAAs and on average accounted for 20%, 24%, and 19% of ΣPFAAs, respectively. PFBS was the most abundant PFAA in the Dong Jiang tributary, and PFOA was the highest PFAA in the samples from the main stream of the Pearl River. A correlation was found between PFBS and PFOA, which suggests that both of these PFAAs originate from common source(s) in the region. Nevertheless, the slope of PFBS/PFOA was different in the different tributaries sampled, which indicates a spatial difference in the source profiles of the PFAAs.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.060} (DOI). Zhang, Y.; Lai, S.; Zhao, Z.; Liu, F.; Chen, H.; Zou, S.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in the Pearl River of Southern China. Chemosphere. 2013. vol. 93, no. 8, 1519-1525. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.060}} @misc{soerensen_hg0_trends_2013, author={Soerensen, A., Jacob, D., Streets, D., Witt, M., Ebinghaus, R., Mason, R., Andersson, M., Sunderland, E.}, title={Hg0 trends in the North and South Atlantic Marine Boundary Layer}, year={2013}, howpublished = {conference paper: Rom (I);}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20130107002}, abstract = {It was recently found that atmospheric Hg had decreased with 20-38% worldwide since the mid 1990s. However, the decrease is not supported by emission inventories that show rising global anthropogenic emissions over the past decades. We analyzed atmospheric data from 22 ship cruises in the North Atlantic (defined as 2°N-65°N), and 15 in the South Atlantic (defined as 70°S-8°N) between 1977 and 2010, as well as surface water Hg0 from 10 cruises in the West Atlantic Ocean between 1998 and 2010. Linear regression analysis based on these cruise ensembles for each hemisphere will be discussed. We use the GEOS-Chem biogeochemical model to explore possible drivers of the Hg0 trends found in this study and at previous studies at land based stations. These findings will also be discussed.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20130107002} (DOI). Soerensen, A.; Jacob, D.; Streets, D.; Witt, M.; Ebinghaus, R.; Mason, R.; Andersson, M.; Sunderland, E.: Hg0 trends in the North and South Atlantic Marine Boundary Layer. In: Pirrone, N. (Ed.): E3S Web of Conferences, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, ICHMET 2012. Rom (I). 2013. 7002. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/20130107002}} @misc{kirchgeorg_temporal_variations_2013, author={Kirchgeorg, T., Dreyer, A., Gabrieli, J., Kehrwald, N., Sigl, M., Schwikowski, M., Boutron, C., Gambaro, A., Barbante, C., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Temporal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in alpine snow}, year={2013}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.043}, abstract = {The occurrence and temporal variation of 18 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the European Alps was investigated in a 10 m shallow firn core from Colle Gnifetti in the Monte Rosa Massif (4455 m above sea level). The firn core encompasses the years 1997–2007. Firn core sections were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (PFASs) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (PBDEs). We detected 12 PFASs and 8 PBDEs in the firn samples. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA; 0.3–1.8 ng L−1) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; 0.2–0.6 ng L−1) were the major PFASs while BDE 99 (–3 and from 120 to 1700 pg m–3 during CHINARE 4 and CHINARE 27, respectively. TCEP and TCPP were the predominating compounds, both over the Asian seas as well as in the polar regions with concentrations from 19 to 2000 pg m–3 and 22 to 620 pg m–3, respectively. Elevated concentrations were observed in proximity to the Asian continent enhanced by continental air masses. They decreased sharply toward the open oceans where they remained relatively stable. This paper shows the first occurrence of OPs over the global oceans proving that they undergo long–range atmospheric transport over the global oceans toward the Arctic and Antarctica.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/es204272v} (DOI). Moeller, A.; Sturm, R.; Xie, Z.; Cai, M.; He, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in airborne particles over the Northern Pacific and Indian Ocean toward the Polar Regions: Evidence for global occurrence. Environmental Science and Technology. 2012. vol. 46, no. 6, 3127-3134. DOI: 10.1021/es204272v}} @misc{wolschke_brominated_flame_2012, author={Wolschke, H., Cai, M., Moeller, A., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Brominated flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls in the Antarctic food web}, year={2012}, howpublished = {conference poster: Berlin (D);}, note = {Wolschke, H.; Cai, M.; Moeller, A.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Brominated flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls in the Antarctic food web. In: SETAC Europe 22nd Annual Meeting. Berlin (D). 2012.}} @misc{rautheschoech_caribic_aircraft_2012, author={Rauthe-Schoech, A., Weigelt, A., Hermann, M., Martinsson, B.G., Baker, A.K., Heue, K.-P., Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M., Zahn, A., Scharffe, D., Eckhardt, S., Stohl, A., Velthoven, P.F.J.van}, title={CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajoekull volcanic clouds in April/May 2010}, year={2012}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-879-2012}, abstract = {The Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) project investigates physical and chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere using a Lufthansa Airbus long-distance passenger aircraft. After the beginning of the explosive eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano on Iceland on 14 April 2010, the first CARIBIC volcano-specific measurement flight was carried out over the Baltic Sea and Southern Sweden on 20 April. Two more flights followed: one over Ireland and the Irish Sea on 16 May and the other over the Norwegian Sea on 19 May 2010. During these three special mission flights the CARIBIC container proved its merits as a comprehensive flying laboratory. The elemental composition of particles collected over the Baltic Sea during the first flight (20 April) indicated the presence of volcanic ash. Over Northern Ireland and the Irish Sea (16 May), the DOAS system detected SO2 and BrO co-located with volcanic ash particles that increased the aerosol optical depth. Over the Norwegian Sea (19 May), the optical particle counter detected a strong increase of particles larger than 400 nm diameter in a region where ash clouds were predicted by aerosol dispersion models. Aerosol particle samples collected over the Irish Sea and the Norwegian Sea showed large relative enhancements of the elements silicon, iron, titanium and calcium. Non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations in whole air samples collected on 16 and 19 May 2010 showed a pattern of removal of several hydrocarbons that is typical for chlorine chemistry in the volcanic clouds. Comparisons of measured ash concentrations and simulations with the FLEXPART dispersion model demonstrate the difficulty of detailed volcanic ash dispersion modelling due to the large variability of the volcanic cloud sources, extent and patchiness as well as the thin ash layers formed in the volcanic clouds.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-879-2012} (DOI). Rauthe-Schoech, A.; Weigelt, A.; Hermann, M.; Martinsson, B.; Baker, A.; Heue, K.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Zahn, A.; Scharffe, D.; Eckhardt, S.; Stohl, A.; Velthoven, P.: CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajoekull volcanic clouds in April/May 2010. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2012. vol. 12, no. 2, 879-902. DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-879-2012}} @misc{sheppard_reefs_and_2012, author={Sheppard, C.R.C., Ateweberhan, M., Bowen, B.W., Carr, P., Chen, C.A., Clubbe, C., Craig, M.T., Ebinghaus, R., Eble, J., Fitzsimmons, N., Gaither, M.R., Gan, C.H., Gollock, M., Guzman, N., Graham, N.A.J., Harris, A., Jones, R., Keshavmurthy, S., Koldewey, H., Lundin, C.G., Mortimer, J.A., Obura, D., Pfeiffer, M., Price, A.R.G., Purkis, S., Raines, P., Readman, J.W., Riegl, B., Rogers, A., Schleyer, M., Seaward, M.R.D., Sheppard, A.L.S., Tamelander, J., Turner, J.R., Visram, S., Vogler, C., Vogt, S., Wolschke, H., Yang, J.M.-C., Yang S.-Y., Yesson, C.}, title={Reefs and islands of the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean: why it is the world’s largest no-take marine protected area}, year={2012}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1248}, abstract = {archipelago for this purpose.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1248} (DOI). Sheppard, C.; Ateweberhan, M.; Bowen, B.; Carr, P.; Chen, C.; Clubbe, C.; Craig, M.; Ebinghaus, R.; Eble, J.; Fitzsimmons, N.; Gaither, M.; Gan, C.; Gollock, M.; Guzman, N.; Graham, N.; Harris, A.; Jones, R.; Keshavmurthy, S.; Koldewey, H.; Lundin, C.; Mortimer, J.; Obura, D.; Pfeiffer, M.; Price, A.; Purkis, S.; Raines, P.; Readman, J.; Riegl, B.; Rogers, A.; Schleyer, M.; Seaward, M.; Sheppard, A.; Tamelander, J.; Turner, J.; Visram, S.; Vogler, C.; Vogt, S.; Wolschke, H.; Yang, J.; Yang S.-Y.; Yesson, C.: Reefs and islands of the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean: why it is the world’s largest no-take marine protected area. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. 2012. vol. 22, no. 2, 232-261. DOI: 10.1002/aqc.1248}} @misc{moeller_occurrence_and_2012, author={Moeller, A., Xie, Z., Caba, A., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Occurrence and air-seawater exchange of brominated flame retardants and Dechlorane Plus in the North Sea}, year={2012}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.055}, abstract = {The occurrence, spatial and seasonal concentration variations in air and seawater and the air–seawater exchange of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), alternate brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and Dechlorane Plus (DP) were studied in the German part of the North Sea in 2010. BDE–209 and DP were found to be the dominating compounds, both in the atmosphere and in seawater. Sum PBDEs (∑10PBDEs) ranged from 0.31 to 10.7 pg m−3 in the atmosphere and from not detected (n.d.) to 10.5 pg L−1 in seawater, respectively. DP ranged from 0.13 to 22.3 pg m−3 and from 0.10 to 17.7 pg L−1 in air and seawater, respectively. Besides, four other BFRs including hexabromobenzene (HBB) and pentabromobenzene (PBBz) were detected. Elevated atmospheric concentrations were observed in continentally influenced air masses while highest seawater concentrations were observed at sampling stations close to the coast influenced by riverine discharge. The ratio of the two DP stereoisomers both in air and water was found to be close to the technical mixture at high concentrations but changed at lower concentrations giving first evidence for the alteration within the aquatic environment. Both dry air-seawater gas exchange and dry deposition are input pathways of BFRs and DP in the North Sea besides riverine discharge.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.055} (DOI). Moeller, A.; Xie, Z.; Caba, A.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence and air-seawater exchange of brominated flame retardants and Dechlorane Plus in the North Sea. Atmospheric Environment. 2012. vol. 46, 346-353. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.055}} @misc{zhong_distribution_and_2012, author={Zhong, G., Xie, Z., Cai, M., Moeller, A., Sturm, R., Tang, J., Zhang, G., He, J., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Distribution and Air–Sea Exchange of Current-Use Pesticides (CUPs) from East Asia to the High Arctic Ocean}, year={2012}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/es202655k}, abstract = {Surface seawater and marine boundary layer air samples were collected on the ice-breaker R/V Xuelong (Snow Dragon) from the East China Sea to the high Arctic (33.23–84.5° N) in July to September 2010 and have been analyzed for six current-use pesticides (CUPs): trifluralin, endosulfan, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, dacthal, and dicofol. In all oceanic air samples, the six CUPs were detected, showing highest level (>100 pg/m3) in the Sea of Japan. Gaseous CUPs basically decreased from East Asia (between 36.6 and 45.1° N) toward Bering and Chukchi Seas. The dissolved CUPs in ocean water ranged widely from FASAs > FTOHs. Compared with other atmospheric PFAS measurements, the ranges of concentrations of ∑FTOH in this study were similar to those reported from Toronto, north America (urban), the northeast Atlantic Ocean, and northern Germany. Significant correlations between FASEs in the gas phase and ambient air temperature indicate that cold surfaces such as sea-ice, snowpack, and surface seawater influence atmospheric FASEs.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.010} (DOI). Cai, M.; Xie, Z.; Moeller, A.; Yin, Z.; Huang, P.; Cai, M.; Yang, H.; Sturm, R.; He, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Polyfluorinated compounds in the atmosphere along a cruise pathway from the Japan Sea to the Arctic Ocean. Chemosphere. 2012. vol. 87, no. 9, 989-997. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.010}} @misc{bollmann_occurrence_and_2012, author={Bollmann, U.E., Moeller, A., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R., Einax, J.W.}, title={Occurrence and Fate of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Coastal and Marine Surface Waters}, year={2012}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.028}, abstract = {This comprehensive study focused on the spatial and seasonal variation of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers (OPs) in surface water from the estuary of the River Elbe and the German Bight (North Sea). 100 surface water samples were extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with regard to 16 different OPs. The dominating substance was found to be tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) (Elbe: 40 – 250 ng L−1, German Bight: 3 – 28 ng L−1). Furthermore, triethyl phosphate (TEP), tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TiBP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) were detected in concentrations up to 180 ng L−1. Seasonal trends were detected for the longitudinal profile of the Elbe estuary. Besides the dilution of river water with North Sea water towards the mouth, leading to decreasing concentrations at the four sampling cruises (March, May, August, and October, 2010), an additional depletion of non-halogenated OPs was observed in summer which is supposed to be due to biodegradation or photodegradation.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.028} (DOI). Bollmann, U.; Moeller, A.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.; Einax, J.: Occurrence and Fate of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Coastal and Marine Surface Waters. Water Research. 2012. vol. 46, no. 2, 531-538. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.028}} @misc{quade_polybrominated_diphenyl_2012, author={Quade, S., Zhao, Z., Tang, J., Zhong, G., Sturm, R., Moeller, A., Xie, Z., Zhang, G., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, alternate brominated flame retardents and Dechloranes in sediments from German Bight and Laizhou Bay, China}, year={2012}, howpublished = {conference poster: Berlin (D);}, note = {Quade, S.; Zhao, Z.; Tang, J.; Zhong, G.; Sturm, R.; Moeller, A.; Xie, Z.; Zhang, G.; Ebinghaus, R.: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, alternate brominated flame retardents and Dechloranes in sediments from German Bight and Laizhou Bay, China. In: 6th World Congress, SETAC Europe 22nd Annual Meeting, SETAC 2012. Berlin (D). 2012.}} @misc{cai_spatial_distribution_2012, author={Cai, M., Zhao, Z., Yang, H., Yin, Z., Hong, Q., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R., Ahrens, L., He, J., Xie, Z.}, title={Spatial distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in coastal waters from the East to South China Sea}, year={2012}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.045}, abstract = {The spatial distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) were investigated in coastal waters collected onboard research vessel Snow Dragon from the East to South China Sea in 2010. All samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/(−)ESI-MS/MS). Concentrations of 9 PFCs, including C4 and C8 (PFBS, PFOS) perfluoroalkyl sulfonate (PFSAs), C5–C9 and C13 (PFPA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFTriDA) perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (EtFOSA) were quantified. The ΣPFC concentrations ranged from 133 pg/L to 3320 pg/L, with PFOA (37.5–1541 pg/L), PFBS (23.0–941 pg/L) and PFHpA (0–422 pg/L) as dominant compounds. Concentrations of PFCs were greater in coastal waters along Shanghai, Ningbo, Taizhou, Xiamen and along coastal cities of the Guangdong province compared to less populated areas along the east Chinese coast. Additionally, the comparison with other seawater PFC measurements showed lower levels in this study.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.045} (DOI). Cai, M.; Zhao, Z.; Yang, H.; Yin, Z.; Hong, Q.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.; Ahrens, L.; He, J.; Xie, Z.: Spatial distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in coastal waters from the East to South China Sea. Environmental Pollution. 2012. vol. 161, 162-169. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.045}} @misc{cai_distribution_and_2012, author={Cai, M., Ma, Y., Xie, Z., Zhong, G., Moeller, A., Yang, H., Sturm, R., He, J., Ebinghaus, R., Meng, X.-Z.}, title={Distribution and air–sea exchange of organochlorine pesticides in the North Pacific and the Arctic}, year={2012}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016910}, abstract = {Surface seawater and boundary layer air samples were collected on the icebreaker Xuelong (Snow Dragon) during the Fourth Chinese Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE2010) cruise in the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans during 2010. Samples were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including three isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and two isomers of heptachlor epoxide. The gaseous total HCH (ΣHCHs) concentrations were approximately four times lower (average 12.0 pg m−3) than those measured during CHINARE2008 (average 51.4 pg m−3), but were comparable to those measured during CHINARE2003 (average 13.4 pg m−3) in the same study area. These changes are consistent with the evident retreat of sea ice coverage from 2003 to 2008 and increase of sea ice coverage from 2008 to 2009 and 2010. Gaseous β-HCH concentrations in the atmosphere were typically below the method detection limit, consistent with the expectation that ocean currents provide the main transport pathway for β-HCH into the Arctic. The concentrations of all dissolved HCH isomers in seawater increase with increasing latitude, and levels of dissolved HCB also increase (from 5.7 to 7.1 pg L−1) at high latitudes (above 73°N). These results illustrate the role of cold condensation processes in the transport of OCPs. The observed air–sea gas exchange gradients in the Arctic Ocean mainly favored net deposition of OCPs, with the exception of those for β-HCH, which favored volatilization.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016910} (DOI). Cai, M.; Ma, Y.; Xie, Z.; Zhong, G.; Moeller, A.; Yang, H.; Sturm, R.; He, J.; Ebinghaus, R.; Meng, X.: Distribution and air–sea exchange of organochlorine pesticides in the North Pacific and the Arctic. Journal of Geophysical Research : Atmospheres. 2012. vol. 117, no. D 6, 06311. DOI: 10.1029/2011JD016910}} @misc{zhao_distribution_and_2012, author={Zhao, Z., Xie, Z., Moeller, A., Sturm, R., Tang, J., Zhang, G., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Distribution and long-range transport of polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Arctic, Atlantic Ocean and Antarctic coast}, year={2012}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.004}, abstract = {The global distribution and long-range transport of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated using seawater samples collected from the Greenland Sea, East Atlantic Ocean and the Southern Ocean in 2009–2010. Elevated levels of ΣPFASs were detected in the North Atlantic Ocean with the concentrations ranging from 130 to 650 pg/L. In the Greenland Sea, the ΣPFASs concentrations ranged from 45 to 280 pg/L, and five most frequently detected compounds were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). PFOA (15 pg/L) and PFOS (25–45 pg/L) were occasionally found in the Southern Ocean. In the Atlantic Ocean, the ΣPFASs concentration decreased from 2007 to 2010. The elevated PFOA level that resulted from melting snow and ice in Greenland Sea implies that the Arctic may have been driven by climate change and turned to be a source of PFASs for the marine ecosystem.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.004} (DOI). Zhao, Z.; Xie, Z.; Moeller, A.; Sturm, R.; Tang, J.; Zhang, G.; Ebinghaus, R.: Distribution and long-range transport of polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Arctic, Atlantic Ocean and Antarctic coast. Environmental Pollution. 2012. vol. 170, 71-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.004}} @misc{slemr_222rn_calibrated_2012, author={Slemr, F., Brunke, E.-G., Wittlestobe, S., Zahorowski, M., Ebinghaus, R., Kock, H.H., Labuschagne, C.}, title={222Rn calibrated mercury fluxes from terrestrial surfaces of southern Africa derived from observations at Cape Point, South Africa}, year={2012}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Rom (I);}, note = {Slemr, F.; Brunke, E.; Wittlestobe, S.; Zahorowski, M.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H.; Labuschagne, C.: 222Rn calibrated mercury fluxes from terrestrial surfaces of southern Africa derived from observations at Cape Point, South Africa. 16th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, ICHMET 2012. Rom (I), 2012.}} @misc{dreyer_ombrotrophic_peat_2012, author={Dreyer, A., Thuens, S., Kirchgeorg, T., Radke, M.}, title={Ombrotrophic Peat Bogs Are Not Suited as Natural Archives To Investigate the Historical Atmospheric Deposition of Perfluoroalkyl Substances}, year={2012}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/es204175y}, abstract = {As ombrotrophic peat bogs receive only atmospheric input of contaminants, they have been identified as suitable natural archives for investigating historical depositions of airborne pollutants. To elucidate their suitability for determining the historical atmospheric contamination with perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), two peat cores were sampled at Mer Bleue, a bog located close to Ottawa, Canada. Peat cores were segmented, dried, and analyzed in duplicate for 25 PFASs (5 perfluororalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), 13 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), 7 perfluororalkyl sulfonamido substances). Peat samples were extracted by ultrasonication, cleaned up using a QuEChERS method, and PFASs were measured by HPLC-MS/MS. Twelve PFCAs and PFSAs were detected regularly in peat samples with perfluorooctane sulfonate (85–655 ng kg–1), perfluorooctanoate (150–390 ng kg–1), and perfluorononanoate (45–320 ng kg–1) at highest concentrations. Because of post depositional relocation processes within the peat cores, true or unbiased deposition fluxes (i.e., not affected by post depositional changes) could not be calculated. Apparent or biased deposition rates (i.e., affected by post depositional changes) were lower than measured/calculated deposition rates for similar urban or near-urban sites. Compared to PFAS production, PFAS concentration and deposition maxima were shifted about 30 years toward the past and some analytes were detected even in the oldest segments from the beginning of the 20th century. This was attributed to PFAS mobility in the peat profile. Considerable differences were observed between both peat cores and different PFASs. Overall, this study demonstrates that ombrotrophic bogs are not suited natural archives to provide authentic and reliable temporal trend data of historical atmospheric PFAS deposition.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/es204175y} (DOI). Dreyer, A.; Thuens, S.; Kirchgeorg, T.; Radke, M.: Ombrotrophic Peat Bogs Are Not Suited as Natural Archives To Investigate the Historical Atmospheric Deposition of Perfluoroalkyl Substances. Environmental Science and Technology. 2012. vol. 46, no. 14, 7512-7519. DOI: 10.1021/es204175y}} @misc{zhong_currently_used_2012, author={Zhong, G., Xie, Z., Moeller, A., Halsall, C., Caba, A., Sturm, R., Tang, J., Zhang, G., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Currently used pesticides, hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorocyclohexanes in the air and seawater of the German Bight (North Sea)}, year={2012}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1071/EN12065}, abstract = {Surface seawater and air samples collected from the German Bight (North Sea) in March, May and July 2010 were analysed for hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), five currently used pesticides (CUPs) (trifluralin, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, dacthal and quintozene) and pentachloroanisole (metabolite). Volatilisation from local surfaces was considered to be the main source of these chemicals to the air (excluding trifluralin). Long-range transport from Western Europe partly contributed to the higher air concentrations observed in July whereas riverine input was the main source for HCHs and pentachloroanisole in seawater in March. Air–sea gas exchange of HCB and α-HCH in the German Bight was found to be near equilibrium, probably reflecting the past use of these chemicals, their wide dispersal in the environment and lack of contemporary use. Deposition of target compounds from the air to seawater was observed to be much higher in July compared with depositional fluxes for March and May, except for chlorpyrifos (with volatilisation fluxes in all sampling periods: ~25 ng m–2 day–1). Concentrations of trifluralin in seawater appear to have decreased since its restriction of use in European Union member states, with net volatilisation from seawater observed in March (flux: 6.3 ± 7.2 ng m–2 day–1). With the exception of chlorpyrifos, our results indicate that volatilisation from local sources combined with long-range transport from Western Europe and subsequent deposition are important pathways for these compounds to German Bight seawater during summer periods.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1071/EN12065} (DOI). Zhong, G.; Xie, Z.; Moeller, A.; Halsall, C.; Caba, A.; Sturm, R.; Tang, J.; Zhang, G.; Ebinghaus, R.: Currently used pesticides, hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorocyclohexanes in the air and seawater of the German Bight (North Sea). Environmental Chemistry. 2012. vol. 9, no. 4, 405-414. DOI: 10.1071/EN12065}} @misc{brunke_emissions_of_2012, author={Brunke, E.-G., Ebinghaus, R., Kock, H.H., Labuschagne, C., Slemr, F.}, title={Emissions of mercury in southern Africa derived from long-term observations at Cape Point, South Africa}, year={2012}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7465-2012}, abstract = {Mercury emissions in South Africa have so far been estimated only by a bottom-up approach from activities and emission factors for different processes. In this paper we derive GEM/CO (GEM being gaseous elemental mercury, Hg0), GEM/CO2, GEM/CH4, CO/CO2, CH4/CO2, and CH4/CO emission ratios from plumes observed during long-term monitoring of these species at Cape Point between March 2007 and December 2009. The average observed GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, GEM/CH4, CO/CO2, CH4/CO2, and CH4/CO emission ratios were 2.40 ± 2.65 pg m−3 ppb−1 (n = 47), 62.7 ± 80.2 pg m−3 ppm−1 (n = 44), 3.61 ± 4.66 pg m−3 ppb−1 (n = 46), 35.6 ± 25.4 ppb ppm−1 (n = 52), 20.2 ± 15.5 ppb ppm−1 (n = 48), and 0.876 ± 1.106 ppb ppb−1 (n = 42), respectively. The observed CO/CO2, CH4/CO2, and CH4/CO emission ratios agree within the combined uncertainties of the observations and emissions with the ratios calculated from EDGAR (version 4.2) CO2, CO, and CH4 inventories for South Africa and southern Africa (South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique) in 2007 and 2008 (inventories for 2009 are not available yet). Total elemental mercury emission of 13.1, 15.2, and 16.1 t Hg yr−1 are estimated independently using the GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, and GEM/CH4 emission ratios and the annual mean CO, CO2, and CH4 emissions, respectively, of South Africa in 2007 and 2008. The average of these independent estimates of 14.8 t GEM yr−1 is much less than the total emission of 257 t Hg yr−1 shown by older inventories which are now considered to be wrong. Considering the uncertainties of our emission estimate, of the emission inventories, and the fact that emission of GEM represents 50–78 % of all mercury emissions, our estimate is comparable to the currently cited GEM emissions in 2004 and somewhat smaller than emissions in 2006. A further increase of mercury emissions due to increasing electricity consumption will lead to a more pronounced difference. A quantitative assessment of the difference and its significance, however, will require emission inventories for the years of observations (2007–2009) as well as better data on the speciation of the total mercury emissions in South Africa.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7465-2012} (DOI). Brunke, E.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H.; Labuschagne, C.; Slemr, F.: Emissions of mercury in southern Africa derived from long-term observations at Cape Point, South Africa. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2012. vol. 12, no. 16, 7465-7474. DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-7465-2012}} @misc{soerensen_multidecadal_decline_2012, author={Soerensen, A.L., Jacob, D.J., Streets, D.G., Witt, M.L.I., Ebinghaus, R., Mason, R.P., Andersson, M., Sunderland, E.M.}, title={Multi-decadal decline of mercury in the North Atlantic atmosphere explained by changing subsurface seawater concentrations}, year={2012}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053736}, abstract = {We analyze 1977–2010 trends in atmospheric mercury (Hg) from 21 ship cruises over the North Atlantic (NA) and 15 over the South Atlantic (SA). We find a steep 1990–2009 decline of −0.046 ± 0.010 ng m−3 a−1 (−2.5% a−1) over the NA (steeper than at Northern Hemispheric land sites) but no significant decline over the SA. Surface water Hg0 measurements in the NA show a decline of −5.7% a−1 since 1999, and limited subsurface ocean data show an ∼80% decline from 1980 to present. We use a coupled global atmosphere-ocean model to show that the decline in NA atmospheric concentrations can be explained by decreasing oceanic evasion from the NA driven by declining subsurface water Hg concentrations. We speculate that this large historical decline of Hg in the NA Ocean could have been caused by decreasing Hg inputs from rivers and wastewater and by changes in the oxidant chemistry of the atmospheric marine boundary layer.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053736} (DOI). Soerensen, A.; Jacob, D.; Streets, D.; Witt, M.; Ebinghaus, R.; Mason, R.; Andersson, M.; Sunderland, E.: Multi-decadal decline of mercury in the North Atlantic atmosphere explained by changing subsurface seawater concentrations. Geophysical Research Letters. 2012. vol. 39, L 21810. DOI: 10.1029/2012GL053736}} @misc{slemr_caribic_observations_2012, author={Slemr, F., Ebinghaus, R., Weigelt, A., Kock, H.H., Brenninkmeijer, C., Schuck, T., Herrmann, M., Zahn, A., Velthoven, P.van, Martinsson, B., Ziereis, H.}, title={CARIBIC observations of gaseous mercury in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere}, year={2012}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Rom (I);}, note = {Slemr, F.; Ebinghaus, R.; Weigelt, A.; Kock, H.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Schuck, T.; Herrmann, M.; Zahn, A.; Velthoven, P.; Martinsson, B.; Ziereis, H.: CARIBIC observations of gaseous mercury in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. 16th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, ICHMET 2012. Rom (I), 2012.}} @misc{bieser_impact_of_2012, author={Bieser, J., Aulinger, A., Matthias, V., Quante, M.}, title={Impact of Emission Reductions between 1980 and 2020 on Atmospheric Benzo[a]pyrene Concentrations over Europe}, year={2012}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0953-z}, abstract = {pollutants which have an impact on the formation of ozone.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0953-z} (DOI). Bieser, J.; Aulinger, A.; Matthias, V.; Quante, M.: Impact of Emission Reductions between 1980 and 2020 on Atmospheric Benzo[a]pyrene Concentrations over Europe. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 2012. vol. 223, no. 3, 1393-1414. DOI: 10.1007/s11270-011-0953-z}} @misc{suehring_brominated_flame_2012, author={Suehring, R, Moeller, A., Freese, M., Pohlmann, J.-D., Wolschke, H., Hanel, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechloranes throughout the Life Cycle of the European Eel}, year={2012}, howpublished = {conference poster: Leipzig (D);}, note = {Suehring, R.; Moeller, A.; Freese, M.; Pohlmann, J.; Wolschke, H.; Hanel, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechloranes throughout the Life Cycle of the European Eel. In: SETAC-GLB Jahrestagung. Leipzig (D). 2012.}} @misc{wolschke_persistente_schadstoffe_2012, author={Wolschke, H., Sturm, R., Proefrock, D., Prange, A., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Persistente Schadstoffe in der marinen Umwelt: Welche Rolle hat Microplastik bei Eintrag, Transport und Verbleib}, year={2012}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Bremerhaven (D);}, note = {Wolschke, H.; Sturm, R.; Proefrock, D.; Prange, A.; Ebinghaus, R.: Persistente Schadstoffe in der marinen Umwelt: Welche Rolle hat Microplastik bei Eintrag, Transport und Verbleib. Mikroplastik! Quo Vadis? Workshop Alfred-Wegener-Institut. Bremerhaven (D), 2012.}} @misc{suehring_contamination_of_2012, author={Suehring, R, Moeller, A., Freese, M., Pohlmann, J.-D., Wolschke, H., Sturm, R., Xie, Z., Hanel, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Contamination of the European EEL (Anguilla Anguilla) with Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechloranes Throughout its Life Cycle}, year={2012}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Cairns (AUS);}, note = {Suehring, R.; Moeller, A.; Freese, M.; Pohlmann, J.; Wolschke, H.; Sturm, R.; Xie, Z.; Hanel, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Contamination of the European EEL (Anguilla Anguilla) with Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechloranes Throughout its Life Cycle. 32nd International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, Dioxin 2012. Cairns (AUS), 2012.}} @misc{cai_per_and_2012, author={Cai, M., Yang, H., Xie, Z., Zhao, Z., Wang, F., Lu, Z., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in snow, lake, surface runoff water and coastal seawater in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica}, year={2012}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.030}, abstract = {The multi-matrices samples from snow (n = 4), lake water (n = 4), surface runoff water (SRW) (n = 1) and coastal seawater (n = 10) were collected to investigate the spatial distribution and the composition profiles of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica in 2011. All samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/(−)ESI-MS/MS). 14 PFASs in snow, 12 PFASs in lake water, 9 PFASs in SRW and 13 PFASs in coastal seawater were quantified, including C4, C7, C8, C10 PFSAs, C4–C9, C11–C14, C16 PFCAs, and FOSA. PFOA was detected in all samples with the highest concentration (15,096 pg/L) in coastal seawater indicating a possible influence of local sewage effluent. High concentration and mostly frequency of PFBA occurred in snow (up to 1112 pg/L), lake water (up to 2670 pg/L) and SRW (1431 pg/L) while detected in the range of method detection limited (MDL) in the coastal seawaters indicate that PFBA is mainly originated from atmospheric dust contamination and also affected by the degradation of their precursors. No geographical differences in PFOS concentrations (n = 8, 18 ± 3 pg/L) were measured in all snow and lake water samples also suggests that PFOS could be originated from the degradation of their precursors which can transported by long-range atmospheric route, but in a very low level.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.030} (DOI). Cai, M.; Yang, H.; Xie, Z.; Zhao, Z.; Wang, F.; Lu, Z.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in snow, lake, surface runoff water and coastal seawater in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2012. vol. 209-210, 335-342. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.030}} @misc{moeller_halogenated_flame_2012, author={Moeller, A., Xie, Z., Cai, M., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Halogenated flame retardants in the marine atmosphere from Southeast Asia toward Antarctica}, year={2012}, howpublished = {conference poster: Berlin (D);}, note = {Moeller, A.; Xie, Z.; Cai, M.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Halogenated flame retardants in the marine atmosphere from Southeast Asia toward Antarctica. In: 6th World Congress, SETAC Europe 22nd Annual Meeting, SETAC 2012. Berlin (D). 2012.}} @misc{brunke_trend_and_2012, author={Brunke, E.-G., Ebinghaus, R., Kock, H.H., Weigelt, A., Labuschagne, C., Slemr, F.}, title={Trend and seasonal variation of atmospheric mercury concentrations at the Cape Point GAW observatory, South Africa}, year={2012}, howpublished = {conference poster: Rom (I);}, note = {Brunke, E.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H.; Weigelt, A.; Labuschagne, C.; Slemr, F.: Trend and seasonal variation of atmospheric mercury concentrations at the Cape Point GAW observatory, South Africa. In: 16th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, ICHMET 2012. Rom (I). 2012.}} @misc{zhao_distribution_characteristics_2012, author={Zhao, Z., Tang, J., Xie, Z., Zhong, G., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R., Zhang, G.}, title={Distribution Characteristics of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Riverine and Marine Sediments of Laizhou Bay, North China}, year={2012}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Singapur (SGP);}, note = {Zhao, Z.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Zhong, G.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.; Zhang, G.: Distribution Characteristics of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Riverine and Marine Sediments of Laizhou Bay, North China. Asia Oceania Geosciences Society, AOGS-AGU (WPGM) Joint Assembly 2012. Singapur (SGP), 2012.}} @misc{weigelt_speciated_mercury_2012, author={Weigelt, A., Bieber, E., Temme, C., Kock, H.H., Schwerin, A., Schuetze, M., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Speciated mercury measurements in ambient air from 2009 to 2011 at a Central European rural background monitoring site}, year={2012}, howpublished = {conference poster: Rom (I);}, note = {Weigelt, A.; Bieber, E.; Temme, C.; Kock, H.; Schwerin, A.; Schuetze, M.; Ebinghaus, R.: Speciated mercury measurements in ambient air from 2009 to 2011 at a Central European rural background monitoring site. In: 16th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, ICHMET 2012. Rom (I). 2012.}} @misc{soerensen_hg0_trends_2012, author={Soerensen, A., Jacob, D., Streets, D., Witt, M., Ebinghaus, R., Mason, R., Andersson, M., Sunderland, E.}, title={Hg0 trends in the North and South Atlantic Marine Boundary Layer}, year={2012}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Rom (I);}, note = {Soerensen, A.; Jacob, D.; Streets, D.; Witt, M.; Ebinghaus, R.; Mason, R.; Andersson, M.; Sunderland, E.: Hg0 trends in the North and South Atlantic Marine Boundary Layer. 16th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, ICHMET 2012. Rom (I), 2012.}} @misc{ebinghaus_decreasing_trends_2012, author={Ebinghaus, R., Jennings, S.G., Kock, H.H., Derwent, R.G., Manning, A.J., Spain, T.G., Weigelt, A.}, title={Decreasing trends in total gaseous mercury observations in baseline air at Mace Head, Ireland from 1996 to 2011}, year={2012}, howpublished = {conference poster: Rom (I);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.; Jennings, S.; Kock, H.; Derwent, R.; Manning, A.; Spain, T.; Weigelt, A.: Decreasing trends in total gaseous mercury observations in baseline air at Mace Head, Ireland from 1996 to 2011. In: 16th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, ICHMET 2012. Rom (I). 2012.}} @misc{suehring_contamination_of_2012, author={Suehring, R, Moeller, A., Freese, M., Pohlmann, J.-D., Wolschke, H., Sturm, R., Xie, Z., Hanel, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Contamination of the European EEL (Anguilla Anguilla) with Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechloranes Throughout its Life Cycle}, year={2012}, howpublished = {conference paper: Cairns (AUS);}, note = {Suehring, R.; Moeller, A.; Freese, M.; Pohlmann, J.; Wolschke, H.; Sturm, R.; Xie, Z.; Hanel, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Contamination of the European EEL (Anguilla Anguilla) with Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechloranes Throughout its Life Cycle. In: Organohalogen compounds, 32nd International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, Dioxin 2012. Cairns (AUS). 2012. 540-543.}} @misc{ebinghaus_decreasing_trends_2011, author={Ebinghaus, R., Jennings, S.G., Kock, H.H., Derwent, R.G., Manning, A.J., Spain, T.G.}, title={Decreasing trends in total gaseous mercury observations in baseline air at Mace Head, Ireland from 1996 to 2009}, year={2011}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.033}, abstract = {In this study, the concentrations of total gaseous mercury in baseline air masses arriving at Mace Head, Ireland after having traversed the thousands of kilometres uninterrupted fetch of the North Atlantic Ocean, have been used for the assessment of possible trends in the atmospheric mercury background concentration over a 14-year period (i.e., 1996–2009), a statistically significant negative (downwards) trend of −0.028 ± 0.01 ng m−3 yr−1, representing a trend of 1.6–2.0% per year, has been detected in the total gaseous mercury levels in these baseline air masses. These findings are set in the context of the available literature studies of atmospheric Hg trends.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.033} (DOI). Ebinghaus, R.; Jennings, S.; Kock, H.; Derwent, R.; Manning, A.; Spain, T.: Decreasing trends in total gaseous mercury observations in baseline air at Mace Head, Ireland from 1996 to 2009. Atmospheric Environment. 2011. vol. 45, no. 20, 3475-3480. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.033}} @misc{heue_so2_and_2011, author={Heue, K.-P., Breninnkmeijer, C.A.M., Baker, A.K., Rauthe-Schoech, A., Walter, D., Wagner, T., Hoermann, C., Sihler, H., Dix, B., Friess, U., Platt, U., Martinsson, B.G., Velthoven, P.F.J.van, Zahn, A., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={SO2 and BrO observation in the plume of the Eyjafjallajoekull volcano 2010: CARIBIC and GOME-2 retrievals}, year={2011}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2973-2011}, abstract = {The ash cloud of the Eyjafjallajökull (also referred to as: Eyjafjalla (e.g. Schumann et al., 2011), Eyjafjöll or Eyjafjoll (e.g. Ansmann et al., 2010)) volcano on Iceland caused closure of large parts of European airspace in April and May 2010. For the validation and improvement of the European volcanic ash forecast models several research flights were performed. Also the CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container) flying laboratory, which routinely measures at cruise altitude (≈11 km) performed three dedicated measurements flights through sections of the ash plume. Although the focus of these flights was on the detection and quantification of the volcanic ash, we report here on sulphur dioxide (SO2) and bromine monoxide (BrO) measurements with the CARIBIC DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) instrument during the second of these special flights on 16 May 2010. As the BrO and the SO2 observations coincide, we assume the BrO to have been formed inside the volcanic plume. Average SO2 and BrO mixing ratios of ≈40 ppb and ≈5 ppt respectively are retrieved inside the plume. The BrO to SO2 ratio retrieved from the CARIBIC observation is ≈1.3×10−4. Both SO2 and BrO observations agree well with simultaneous satellite (GOME-2) observations. SO2 column densities retrieved from satellite observations are often used as an indicator for volcanic ash. As the CARIBIC O4 column densities changed rapidly during the plume observation, we conclude that the aerosol and the SO2 plume are collocated. For SO2 some additional information on the local distribution can be derived from a comparison of forward and back scan GOME-2 data. More details on the local plume size and position are retrieved by combining CARIBIC and GOME-2 data.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2973-2011} (DOI). Heue, K.; Breninnkmeijer, C.; Baker, A.; Rauthe-Schoech, A.; Walter, D.; Wagner, T.; Hoermann, C.; Sihler, H.; Dix, B.; Friess, U.; Platt, U.; Martinsson, B.; Velthoven, P.; Zahn, A.; Ebinghaus, R.: SO2 and BrO observation in the plume of the Eyjafjallajoekull volcano 2010: CARIBIC and GOME-2 retrievals. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2011. vol. 11, no. 6, 2973-2989. DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-2973-2011}} @misc{bieser_atmosphere_ocean_2011, author={Bieser, J., Aulinger, A., Matthias, V., Quante, M., Daewel, U., Schrum, C., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Atmosphere Ocean Exchange of Mercury in a Coupled Regional Model for the North and Baltic Sea Area}, year={2011}, howpublished = {conference poster: Halifax (CDN);}, note = {Bieser, J.; Aulinger, A.; Matthias, V.; Quante, M.; Daewel, U.; Schrum, C.; Ebinghaus, R.: Atmosphere Ocean Exchange of Mercury in a Coupled Regional Model for the North and Baltic Sea Area. In: 10th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant, ICMGP. Halifax (CDN). 2011.}} @misc{wolschke_occurrence_distribution_2011, author={Wolschke, H., Xie, Z., Moeller, A., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Occurrence, distribution and fluxes of benzotriazoles along the German large river basins into the North Sea}, year={2011}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.028}, abstract = {Benzotriazole (BT) and tolyltriazole (TT) are high production volume chemicals which are used in various industrial and household applications. In this study, the distribution of benzotriazoles in the estuaries of different rivers of central Europe and in the North Sea was analyzed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). BT as well as TT was detected in all water samples. The concentrations for total benzotriazoles (BTs) ranged from 1.7 to 40 ng/L in the North Sea in costal areas. Concentrations in rivers are from 200 to 1250 ng/L, respectively. The mass flux of total benzotriazoles from the major rivers of central Europe into the North Sea was calculated to 78 t/a, dominated by the Rhine with an individual flux of 57 t/a of BTs. The analysis of the distribution profile in the North Sea showed that the decrease of the concentration was mostly caused by dilution and that the benzotriazoles are poorly degradable in the North Sea. This paper presents the first report of benzotriazoles in the marine environment.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.028} (DOI). Wolschke, H.; Xie, Z.; Moeller, A.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence, distribution and fluxes of benzotriazoles along the German large river basins into the North Sea. Water Research. 2011. vol. 45, no. 18, 6259-6266. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.028}} @misc{moeller_new_emerging_2011, author={Moeller, A., Bollmann, U., Wolschke, H., Xie, Z., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={New Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Rivers Rhine and Elbe}, year={2011}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Wien (A);}, note = {Moeller, A.; Bollmann, U.; Wolschke, H.; Xie, Z.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: New Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Rivers Rhine and Elbe. International Conference on the Status and Future of the World's Large Rivers. Wien (A), 2011.}} @misc{moeller_brominated_flame_2011, author={Moeller, A., Xie, Z., Caba, A., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Brominated flame retardants and Dechlorane Plus in air and seawater from the German Bight, North Sea}, year={2011}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Mailand (I);}, note = {Moeller, A.; Xie, Z.; Caba, A.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Brominated flame retardants and Dechlorane Plus in air and seawater from the German Bight, North Sea. SETAC Europe 21st Annual Meeting. Mailand (I), 2011.}} @misc{weinberg_waste_water_2011, author={Weinberg, I., Dreyer, A., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Waste water treatment plants as sources of polyfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and musk fragrances to ambient air}, year={2011}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.09.023}, abstract = {To investigate waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) as sources of polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and synthetic musk fragrances to the atmosphere, air samples were simultaneously taken at two WWTPs and two reference sites using high volume samplers. Contaminants were accumulated on glass fiber filters and PUF/XAD-2/PUF cartridges, extracted compound-dependent by MTBE/acetone, methanol, or hexane/acetone and detected by GC-MS or HPLC-MS/MS. Total (gas + particle phase) concentrations ranged from 97 to 1004 pg m−3 (neutral PFCs), Muskel > Lunge > Niere ? Fett > Herz ? Gehirn >> Thymus > Schilddrüse, wobei auf Blut und Leber etwa drei Viertel der PFCs entfielen. PFCs in Seehundleberproben zeigten signifikant abnehmende Konzentrationen für C5-C7 PFSAs, PFOSi, Perfluoroctansäure (PFOA) und FOSA zwischen 1999 und 2008. Dagegen konnten für C10 PFSA leicht ansteigende Konzentrationen gefunden werden. Die Ursache für diese überwiegend abnehmende Belastung in Seehunden könnte die Produktionsumstellung auf kürzerkettige PFCs sein, die generell ein geringeres Bioakkumulationspotential haben.}, note = {Ahrens, L.; Siebert, U.; Ebinghaus, R.: Rekonstruktion der Belastung der Deutschen Bucht mit polyfluorierten organischen Substanzen anhand von Robbengewebeproben. Mitteilungen der Fachgruppe Umweltchemie und Oekotoxikologie. 2009. vol. 15, no. 1, 2-5.}} @misc{ahrens_longitudinal_and_2009, author={Ahrens, L., Barber, J.L., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Longitudinal and Latitudinal Distribution of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds in the Surface Water of the Atlantic Ocean}, year={2009}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/es803507p}, abstract = {Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) were determined in 2 L surface water samples collected in the Atlantic Ocean onboard the research vessels Maria S. Merian along the longitudinal gradient from Las Palmas (Spain) to St. Johns (Canada) (15° W to 52° W) and Polarstern along the latitudinal gradient from the Bay of Biscay to the South Atlantic Ocean (46° N to 26° S) in spring and fall 2007, respectively. After filtration the dissolved and particulate phases were extracted separately, and PFC concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography interfaced to tandem mass spectrometry. No PFCs were detected in the particulate phase. This study provides the first concentration data of perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA), perfluorohexanoic acid, and perfluoroheptanoic acid from the Atlantic Ocean. Results indicate that trans-Atlantic Ocean currents caused the decreasing concentration gradient from the Bay of Biscay to the South Atlantic Ocean and the concentration drop-off close to the Labrador Sea. Maximum concentrations were found for FOSA, perfluorooctanesulfonate, and perfluorooctanoic acid at 302, 291, and 229 pg L−1, respectively. However, the concentration of each single compound was usually in the tens of picograms per liter range. South of the equator only FOSA and below 4° S no PFCs could be detected.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/es803507p} (DOI). Ahrens, L.; Barber, J.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Longitudinal and Latitudinal Distribution of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds in the Surface Water of the Atlantic Ocean. Environmental Science and Technology. 2009. vol. 43, no. 9, 3122-3127. DOI: 10.1021/es803507p}} @misc{moeller_polyfluoroalkyl_compounds_2009, author={Moeller, A., Ahrens, L., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in municipal waste water effluents and water samples along the river Elbe, Germany}, year={2009}, howpublished = {conference poster: Koblenz (D);}, note = {Moeller, A.; Ahrens, L.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in municipal waste water effluents and water samples along the river Elbe, Germany. In: Water Framework Directive and Emerging Pollutants, Workshop. Koblenz (D). 2009.}} @misc{ahrens_polyfluoroalkyl_compounds_2009, author={Ahrens, L., Felizeter, S., Sturm, R., Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in municipal waste water effluents and water samples along the river Elbe, Germany}, year={2009}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Koblenz (D);}, note = {Ahrens, L.; Felizeter, S.; Sturm, R.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in municipal waste water effluents and water samples along the river Elbe, Germany. Water Framework Directive and Emerging Pollutants, Workshop. Koblenz (D), 2009.}} @misc{ahrens_temporal_trends_2009, author={Ahrens, L., Siebert, U., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Temporal trends of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the German Bight}, year={2009}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Goeteborg (S);}, note = {Ahrens, L.; Siebert, U.; Ebinghaus, R.: Temporal trends of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the German Bight. Protecting ecosystem health: facing the challenge of a globally changing environment, SETAC Europe 19th Annual Meeting. Goeteborg (S), 2009.}} @misc{ahrens_spatial_distribution_2009, author={Ahrens, L., Felizeter, S., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Spatial distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in seawater of the German Bight}, year={2009}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.052}, abstract = {The spatial distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) and their composition profile was investigated in 48 water samples collected from the German Bight. All samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction with Strata XAW cartridges and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/(−)ESI–MS/MS). Concentrations of various PFCs, including perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), unsaturated fluorotelomercarboxylic acids, perfluoralkyl sulfonamide and sulfonamidoethanol, were quantified. The ∑PFC concentration ranges from 9.36 ng L−1 to 31.2 ng L−1, while perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS, 3.38–17.7 ng L−1) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, 2.67–7.83 ng L−1) dominated. The rivers Elbe, Weser and Ems had a high influence on the distribution of most PFCs in the German Bight, with maximum PFC concentrations found in their estuaries, and concentrations decreasing with increasing distance from the coast. Conversely, PFBS had its maximum concentration not in the estuaries but in the western German Bight, which suggest an additional source, where PFBS was transported into the German Bight with the westerly current.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.052} (DOI). Ahrens, L.; Felizeter, S.; Ebinghaus, R.: Spatial distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in seawater of the German Bight. Chemosphere. 2009. vol. 76, no. 2, 179-184. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.052}} @misc{moeller_poly_and_2009, author={Moeller, A., Ahrens, L., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Poly- and perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in surface water along the River Rhine}, year={2009}, howpublished = {conference poster: Goeteborg (S);}, note = {Moeller, A.; Ahrens, L.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Poly- and perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in surface water along the River Rhine. In: Protecting ecosystem health: facing the challenge of a globally changing environment, SETAC Europe 19th Annual Meeting. Goeteborg (S). 2009.}} @misc{ebinghaus_vorkommen_und_2008, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Vorkommen und Verhalten von Umweltchemikalien - Meereschemie}, year={2008}, howpublished = {lecture: Universitaet Lueneburg, FB Umwelt und Technik;}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: Vorkommen und Verhalten von Umweltchemikalien - Meereschemie. Universitaet Lueneburg, FB Umwelt und Technik, 2008.}} @misc{xie_occurrence_and_2008, author={Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R., Lohmann, R., Ruck, W.}, title={Occurrence and latitudinal distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from the North Sea to the Arctic}, year={2008}, howpublished = {conference poster: Warschau (PL);}, note = {Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.; Lohmann, R.; Ruck, W.: Occurrence and latitudinal distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from the North Sea to the Arctic. In: SETAC Europe 18th Annual Meeting. Warschau (PL). 2008.}} @misc{slemr_distribution_of_2008, author={Slemr, F., Ebinghaus, R., Kock, H.-H., Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M., Zahn, A., Velthoven, P.van, Hermann, M., Martinsson, B.}, title={Distribution of total gaseous mercury in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere}, year={2008}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Wien (A);}, note = {Slemr, F.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Zahn, A.; Velthoven, P.; Hermann, M.; Martinsson, B.: Distribution of total gaseous mercury in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. EGU General Assembly 2008. Wien (A), 2008.}} @misc{ebinghaus_emission_sources_2008, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Emission sources, regional and global distribution of Persistent Organic pollutants (POPs)}, year={2008}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Grenoble (F);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: Emission sources, regional and global distribution of Persistent Organic pollutants (POPs). ERCA 2008, European Research Course on Atmospheres. Grenoble (F), 2008.}} @misc{ebinghaus_emission_sources_2008, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Emission sources, regional and global distribution of atmospheric mercury}, year={2008}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Grenoble (F);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: Emission sources, regional and global distribution of atmospheric mercury. ERCA 2008, European Research Course on Atmospheres. Grenoble (F), 2008.}} @misc{xie_analytical_methods_2008, author={Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Analytical methods for the determination of emerging organic contaminants in the atmosphere}, year={2008}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.055}, abstract = {Concerns over the occurrence and transport of emerging organic contaminants from local source to remote regions have resulted in wide developments in sampling strategy and analytical methodology for determination of trace concentrations of emerging organic contaminants in the atmosphere. This article discusses developments in the analysis of emerging organic contaminants in ambient air which including polyfluorinated alkyl substances, brominated-flame retardants, synthesis musk fragrances, endocrine disrupting compounds (alkyphenols and bisphenol A), and siloxanes. References were mainly summarized from the past 5 years (2002-up to present) on new developments of sampling methods, extraction, separation/fractionation and/or applications of new technologies for sampling and analysis.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.055} (DOI). Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Analytical methods for the determination of emerging organic contaminants in the atmosphere. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2008. vol. 610, no. 2, 156-178. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.055}} @misc{kock_messungen_von_2008, author={Kock, H.-H., Ebinghaus, R., Brenninkmeijer, C., Slemr, F., Zahn, A.}, title={Messungen von atmosphaerischem Quecksilber im Rahmen von CARIBIC}, year={2008}, howpublished = {conference poster: Nuernberg (D);}, note = {Kock, H.; Ebinghaus, R.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Slemr, F.; Zahn, A.: Messungen von atmosphaerischem Quecksilber im Rahmen von CARIBIC. In: Neue Entwicklungen bei der Messung und Beurteilung der Luftqualitaet, VDI-Tagung. Nuernberg (D). 2008.}} @misc{dreyer_optimized_method_2008, author={Dreyer, A., Temme, C., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Optimized method avoiding solvent-induced response enhancement in the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile polyfluorinated alkylated compounds using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry}, year={2008}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.050}, abstract = {A method for the analysis of airborne (semi-)volatile polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) was optimized to avoid solvent-induced response enhancements as observed using ethyl acetate as extraction solvent (recoveries up to 300%, likely due to acetic acid as impurity). Of nine solvents tested, only the use of acetone, dichloromethane, methyl tert-butyl ether, and acetone:petroleum ether (1:1, v/v) resulted in recoveries below 100% and acetone:methyl tert-butyl ether (1:1, v/v) was chosen as suited extraction solvent. An appropriate GC capillary column and the application of mass-labelled internal standards appeared to be essential for these analyses. Instrumental limits of detection of <0.2 pg (dimethylperfluoroocatanesulfonamide, ethyl-[2H5]perfluorooctanesulfonamide, methyl-[2H3]perfluorooctanesulfonamide) to 8.2 pg (perfluorooctanesulfonamide) and LOQ of 0.4 pg (dimethylperfluoroocatanesulfonamide, ethyl-[2H5]perfluorooctanesulfonamide, methyl-[2H3]perfluorooctanesulfonamide) to 16.4 pg (perfluorooctanesulfonamide) were determined.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.050} (DOI). Dreyer, A.; Temme, C.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Optimized method avoiding solvent-induced response enhancement in the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile polyfluorinated alkylated compounds using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A. 2008. vol. 1178, no. 1-2, 199-205. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.050}} @misc{ebinghaus_spatial_coverage_2008, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Spatial coverage and temporal trends of land-based atmospheric mercury measurements in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres}, year={2008}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Rom (I);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.: Spatial coverage and temporal trends of land-based atmospheric mercury measurements in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Joint International Conference of the UNEP Global Partnership on Atmospheric Mercury Transport and Fate Research & Task Force on Hemispheric Transport pof Air Pollution of the UNECE-LRTAP Convention. Rom (I), 2008.}} @misc{xie_occurrence_and_2008, author={Xie, Z., Ebinghaus, R., Floeser, G., Caba, A., Ruck, W.}, title={Occurrence and distribution of triclosan in the German Bight (North Sea)}, year={2008}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.008}, abstract = {data obtained from the Gauss cruise, showing an obvious declining trend from the coast to the open sea.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.008} (DOI). Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.; Floeser, G.; Caba, A.; Ruck, W.: Occurrence and distribution of triclosan in the German Bight (North Sea). Environmental Pollution. 2008. vol. 156, no. 3, 1190-1195. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.008}} @misc{ebinghaus_simultaneous_measurements_2008, author={Ebinghaus, R., Kock, H.-H., Brunke, E.-G., Labuschagne, C., Slemr, F.}, title={Simultaneous measurements of atmospheric mercury at GAW Stations Mace Head, Ireland and Cape Point, South Africa}, year={2008}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Annecy (F);}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H.; Brunke, E.; Labuschagne, C.; Slemr, F.: Simultaneous measurements of atmospheric mercury at GAW Stations Mace Head, Ireland and Cape Point, South Africa. 10th IGAC Conference, Bridging the scales in Atmospheric Chemistry : Local to Global. Annecy (F), 2008.}} @misc{ebinghaus_mercury_cycling_2008, author={Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Mercury cycling in the Arctic – Does enhanced deposition flux mean net-input?}, year={2008}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1071/EN08024}, abstract = {Mercury has unique physico-chemical characteristics that include long-range atmospheric transport, transformation into highly toxic methylmercury species, and the bioaccumulation of these compounds, especially in the marine environment. This has motivated intense international research on mercury as a pollutant of global concern. With respect to Polar regions, scientific interest and research activities were even accelerated after the discovery of the so-called atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs), which are supposed to lead to enhanced mercury deposition flux into these pristine environments in the ecologically very sensitive period in polar spring.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1071/EN08024} (DOI). Ebinghaus, R.: Mercury cycling in the Arctic – Does enhanced deposition flux mean net-input?. Environmental Chemistry. 2008. vol. 5, no. 2, 87-88. DOI: 10.1071/EN08024}} @misc{steffen_a_synthesis_2008, author={Steffen, A., Douglas, T., Amyot, M., Ariya, P., Aspmo, K., Berg, T., Bottenheim, J., Brooks, S., Cobett, F., Dastoor, A., Dommergue, A., Ebinghaus, R., Ferrari, C., Gardfeldt, K., Goodsite, M.E., Lean, D., Poulain, A.J., Scherz, C., Skov, H., Sommar, J., Temme, C.}, title={A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow}, year={2008}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008}, abstract = {throughout the Arctic, sub-Artic and Antarctic coasts.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008} (DOI). Steffen, A.; Douglas, T.; Amyot, M.; Ariya, P.; Aspmo, K.; Berg, T.; Bottenheim, J.; Brooks, S.; Cobett, F.; Dastoor, A.; Dommergue, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Ferrari, C.; Gardfeldt, K.; Goodsite, M.; Lean, D.; Poulain, A.; Scherz, C.; Skov, H.; Sommar, J.; Temme, C.: A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2008. vol. 8, no. 6, 1445-1482. DOI: 10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008}} @misc{dreyer_polyfluorinated_componds_2008, author={Dreyer, A., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Polyfluorinated Componds in Air Samples of the German Bight and Hamburg}, year={2008}, howpublished = {conference paper: Birmingham (GB);}, note = {Dreyer, A.; Ebinghaus, R.: Polyfluorinated Componds in Air Samples of the German Bight and Hamburg. In: Organohalogen Compounds, 28th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, DIOXIN 2008. Birmingham (GB). 2008. 1259-1262.}} @misc{slemr_total_gaseous_2008, author={Slemr, F., Brunke, E.G., Labuschagne, C., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Total gaseous mercury concentrations at the Cape Point GAW station and their seasonality}, year={2008}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033741}, abstract = {Total gaseous mercury (TGM) has been measured at the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station at Cape Point, South Africa, since September 1995, representing the only long term TGM measurement in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) so far. Annual medians suggest a small but significant decrease of TGM concentrations from 1.29 ng m−3 in 1996 to 1.19 ng m−3 in 2004. Background TGM concentrations at Cape Point varied seasonally, with a summer maximum and a winter minimum. Comparison with the seasonal variation of CO concentrations in both hemispheres calls into question the influence of mercury sink by the Hg0 + OH reaction. If confirmed at other sites in the SH, the observed TGM seasonal variation may pose an important constraint on the global models of atmospheric mercury.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033741} (DOI). Slemr, F.; Brunke, E.; Labuschagne, C.; Ebinghaus, R.: Total gaseous mercury concentrations at the Cape Point GAW station and their seasonality. Geophysical Research Letters. 2008. vol. 35, L11807. DOI: 10.1029/2008GL033741}} @misc{xie_polyfluorinated_compounds_2008, author={Xie, Z., Ahrens, L., Sturm, R., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Polyfluorinated compounds in the air and surface water in the coastal environment}, year={2008}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Beijing (VRC);}, note = {Xie, Z.; Ahrens, L.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Polyfluorinated compounds in the air and surface water in the coastal environment. 5th International Symposium on Persistent Toxic Substances. Beijing (VRC), 2008.}} @misc{ahrens_temporal_and_2008, author={Ahrens, L., Xie, Z., Siebert, U., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Temporal and Spatial Trends of Polyfluorinated Compounds in Common Seals (Phoca vitulina) from the North and Baltic Sea}, year={2008}, howpublished = {conference poster: Beijing (VRC);}, note = {Ahrens, L.; Xie, Z.; Siebert, U.; Ebinghaus, R.: Temporal and Spatial Trends of Polyfluorinated Compounds in Common Seals (Phoca vitulina) from the North and Baltic Sea. In: 5th International Symposium on Persistent Toxic Substances. Beijing (VRC). 2008.}} @misc{ebinghaus_master_modul_2008, author={Ebinghaus, R., Haerdtle, W., Palm, W.}, title={Master Modul: Ecosystem responses to chemical pollution}, year={2008}, howpublished = {lecture: Universitaet Lueneburg, FB Umwelt und Technik;}, note = {Ebinghaus, R.; Haerdtle, W.; Palm, W.: Master Modul: Ecosystem responses to chemical pollution. Universitaet Lueneburg, FB Umwelt und Technik, 2008.}} @misc{dreyer_polyfluorinated_componds_2008, author={Dreyer, A., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Polyfluorinated Componds in Air Samples of the German Bight and Hamburg}, year={2008}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Birmingham (GB);}, note = {Dreyer, A.; Ebinghaus, R.: Polyfluorinated Componds in Air Samples of the German Bight and Hamburg. 28th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, DIOXIN 2008. Birmingham (GB), 2008.}} @misc{thuens_determination_of_2008, author={Thuens, S., Dreyer, A., Sturm, R., Temme, C., Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Determination of the Octanol-Air Partition Coefficients (KOA) of Fluorotelomer Alcohols}, year={2008}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/je700522f}, abstract = {uncertainty (P ) 95 %) ranged from 18.7 % (4:2 FTOH) to 38.7 % (10:2 FTOH), respectively.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/je700522f} (DOI). Thuens, S.; Dreyer, A.; Sturm, R.; Temme, C.; Ebinghaus, R.: Determination of the Octanol-Air Partition Coefficients (KOA) of Fluorotelomer Alcohols. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 2008. vol. 53, no. 1, 223-227. DOI: 10.1021/je70052