@misc{rummler_bone_matrix_2024, author={Rummler, M.,Schemenz, V.,McCluskey, S.,Davydok, A.,Rauch, F.,Glorieux, F.H.,Harrington, M.J.,Wagermaier, W.,Willie, B.M.,Zimmermann, E.A.}, title={Bone matrix properties in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta are not adversely affected by setrusumab—a sclerostin neutralizing antibody}, year={2024}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jbmr/zjae108}, abstract = {Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by low bone mass and frequent fractures. Children with OI are commonly treated with bisphosphonates to reduce fracture rate, but treatment options for adults are limited. In the Phase 2b ASTEROID trial, setrusumab (a sclerostin neutralizing antibody, SclAb) improved bone density and strength in adults with type I, III, and IV OI. Here, we investigate bone matrix material properties in tetracycline-labeled trans iliac biopsies from 3 groups: (1) control: individuals with no metabolic bone disease, (2) OI: individuals with OI, (3) SclAb-OI: individuals with OI after 6 mo of setrusumab treatment (as part of the ASTEROID trial). In addition to bone histomorphometry, bone mineral and matrix properties were evaluated with nanoindentation, Raman spectroscopy, second harmonic generation imaging, quantitative backscatter electron imaging, and small-angle X-ray scattering. Spatial locations of fluorochrome labels were identified to differentiate inter-label bone of the same tissue age and intra-cortical bone. No difference in collagen orientation was found between the groups. The bone mineral density distribution and analysis of Raman spectra indicate that OI groups have greater mean mineralization, greater relative mineral content, and lower crystallinity than the control group, which was not altered by SclAb treatment. Finally, a lower modulus and hardness were measured in the inter-label bone of the OI-SclAb group compared to the OI group. Previous studies suggest that even though bone from OI has a higher mineral content, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has comparable mechanical properties. Therefore, fragility in OI may stem from contributions from other yet unexplored aspects of bone organization at higher length scales. We conclude that SclAb treatment leads to increased bone mass while not adversely affecting bone matrix properties in individuals with OI.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1093/jbmr/zjae108} (DOI). Rummler, M.; Schemenz, V.; McCluskey, S.; Davydok, A.; Rauch, F.; Glorieux, F.; Harrington, M.; Wagermaier, W.; Willie, B.; Zimmermann, E.: Bone matrix properties in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta are not adversely affected by setrusumab—a sclerostin neutralizing antibody. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2024. vol. 39, no. 9, 1229–1239. DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae108}} @misc{menger_screening_the_2024, author={Menger, F.,Römerscheid, M.,Lips, S.,Klein, O.,Nabi, D.,Gandrass, J.,Joerss, H.,Wendt-Potthoff, K.,Bedulina, D.,Zimmermann, T.,Schmitt-Jansen, M.,Huber, C.,Böhme, A.,Ulrich, N.,Beck, A.J.,Pröfrock, D.,Achterberg, E.P.,Jahnke, A.,Hildebrandt, L.}, title={Screening the release of chemicals and microplastic particles from diverse plastic consumer products into water under accelerated UV weathering conditions}, year={2024}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135256}, abstract = {Photodegradation of plastic consumer products is known to accelerate weathering and facilitate the release of chemicals and plastic particles into the aquatic environment. However, these processes are complex. In our presented pilot study, eight plastic consumer products were leached in distilled water under strong ultraviolet (UV) light simulating eight months of Central European climate and compared to their respective dark controls (DCs). The leachates and formed plastic particles were exploratorily characterized using a range of chemical analytical tools to describe degradation and leaching processes. These techniques covered (a) microplastic analysis, showing substantial liberation of plastic particles further increased under UV exposure, (b) non-targeted mass spectrometric characterization of the leachates, revealing several hundreds of chemical features with typically only minor agreement between the UV exposure and the corresponding DCs, (c) target analysis of 71 organic analytes, of which 15 could be detected in at least one sample, and (d) metal(loid) analysis, which revealed substantial release of toxic metal(loid)s further enhanced under UV exposure. A data comparison with the US-EPA’s ToxVal and ToxCast databases showed that the detected metals and organic additives might pose substantial health and environmental concerns, requiring further study and comprehensive impact assessments.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135256} (DOI). Menger, F.; Römerscheid, M.; Lips, S.; Klein, O.; Nabi, D.; Gandrass, J.; Joerss, H.; Wendt-Potthoff, K.; Bedulina, D.; Zimmermann, T.; Schmitt-Jansen, M.; Huber, C.; Böhme, A.; Ulrich, N.; Beck, A.; Pröfrock, D.; Achterberg, E.; Jahnke, A.; Hildebrandt, L.: Screening the release of chemicals and microplastic particles from diverse plastic consumer products into water under accelerated UV weathering conditions. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2024. vol. 477, 135256. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135256}} @misc{siems_sediment_core_2024, author={Siems, A.,Metzke, M.,Pröfrock, D.,Sanders, T.,Zimmermann, T.}, title={Sediment core and pore water data for AL557}, year={2024}, howpublished = {Other: dataset}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.967500}, abstract = {Sediment cores and pore water cores were taken in the Skagerrak and North Sea with a multicorer on cruise AL557 (June 2021). The sediment cores were sliced onboard into 1 cm slices and frozen directly (-20°C). Pore water samples were taken with rhizon samplers (0.15 µm pore size, CSS; Rhizosphere, Netherlands) from intact sediment cores and frozen directly (-20°C). In the laboratory, the sediments were freeze-dried, sieved (<2mm) and milled. For organic carbon (after acidification) and total carbon and nitrogen contents, the samples were analyzed using an Euro EA 3000 (Euro Vector SPA) Elemental Analyzer, delta 15N was measured with a FlashEA 1112 elemental analyzer coupled to a MAT 252 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) isotope ratio mass spectrometer (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.05.008; lab 3). For trace metal analysis, the sediments were digested with HBF4+HNO3+HCl (https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01049A) and the pore water samples were acidified with HNO3 prior to 10-fold dilution with HNO3. Trace elements were measured by ICP-MS/MS (Agilent 8800, Agilent Technologies, Japan).}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.967500} (DOI). Siems, A.; Metzke, M.; Pröfrock, D.; Sanders, T.; Zimmermann, T.: Sediment core and pore water data for AL557. PANGAEA. 2024. DOI: 10.1594/PANGAEA.967500}} @misc{siems_sediment_core_2024, author={Siems, A.,Metzke, M.,Pröfrock, D.,Sanders, T.,Zimmermann, T.}, title={Sediment core and pore water data for HE586}, year={2024}, howpublished = {Other: dataset}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.967504}, abstract = {Sediment cores and pore water cores were taken in the Skagerrak with a multicorer on cruise HE586 (October 2021). The sediment cores were sliced onboard into 1 cm slices and frozen directly (-20°C). Pore water samples were taken with rhizon samplers (0.15 µm pore size, CSS; Rhizosphere, Netherlands) from intact sediment cores and frozen directly (-20°C). In the laboratory, the sediments were freeze-dried, sieved (<2mm) and milled. For organic carbon (after acidification) and total carbon and nitrogen contents, the samples were analyzed using an Euro EA 3000 (Euro Vector SPA) Elemental Analyzer, delta 15N was measured with a FlashEA 1112 elemental analyzer coupled to a MAT 252 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) isotope ratio mass spectrometer (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.05.008; lab 3). The pore water nutrient concentrations (ammonia, silicate, phosphate, nitrite, nitrite+nitrate) were measured using a TECAN infinite 200 plate reader. Colorimetric methods according to Ringuet et al. (2011; https://doi.org/10.1039/C0EM00290A) for phosphate and silicate, Yu et al. (1994; http://www.sfjo-lamer.org/la_mer/32-2/32-2.pdf#page=19) for ammonia and Garcia-Robledo et al. (2014; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2014.03.002) were applied. For trace metal analysis, the sediments were digested with HBF4+HNO3+HCl (https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01049A) and the pore water samples were acidified with HNO3 prior to 10-fold dilution with HNO3. Trace elements were measured by ICP-MS/MS (Agilent 8800, Agilent Technologies, Japan).}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.967504} (DOI). Siems, A.; Metzke, M.; Pröfrock, D.; Sanders, T.; Zimmermann, T.: Sediment core and pore water data for HE586. PANGAEA. 2024. DOI: 10.1594/PANGAEA.967504}} @misc{klein_urban_mining_2024, author={Klein, O.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Urban Mining Riches: Unveiling the Economic Value in Electronic Scrap Material for Enhanced Recycling Strategies}, year={2024}, howpublished = {conference poster: Sevilla (ESP); 05.05.2024 - 09.05.2024}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Urban Mining Riches: Unveiling the Economic Value in Electronic Scrap Material for Enhanced Recycling Strategies. In: SETAC Europe 34th Annual Meeting. Sevilla (ESP). 2024.}} @misc{hildebrandt_an_analytical_2024, author={Hildebrandt, L.,Fischer, M.,Klein, O.,Zimmermann, T.,Fensky, F.,Siems, A.,Zonderman, A.,Hengstmann, E.,Kirchgeorg, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={An analytical strategy for challenging members of the microplastic family: Particles from anti-corrosion coatings}, year={2024}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134173}, abstract = {Potentially hazardous particles from paints and functional coatings are an overlooked fraction of microplastic (MP) pollution since their accurate identification and quantification in environmental samples remains difficult. We have applied the most relevant techniques from the field of microplastic analysis for their suitability to chemically characterize anti-corrosion coatings containing a variety of polymer binders (LDIR, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, Py-GC/MS) and inorganic additives (ICP-MS/MS). We present the basis of a possible toolbox to study the release and fate of coating particles in the (marine) environment. Our results indicate that, due to material properties, spectroscopic methods alone appear to be unsuitable for quantification of coating/paint particles and underestimate their environmental abundance. ICP-MS/MS and an optimized Py-GC/MS approach in combination with multivariate statistics enables a straightforward comparison of the multi-elemental and organic additive fingerprints of paint particles. The approach can improve the identification of unknown particles in environmental samples by an assignment to different typically used coating types. In future, this approach may facilitate allocation of emission sources of different environmental paint/coating particles. Indeed, future work will be required to tackle various remaining analytical challenges, such as optimized particle extraction/separation of environmental coating particles.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134173} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Fischer, M.; Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Fensky, F.; Siems, A.; Zonderman, A.; Hengstmann, E.; Kirchgeorg, T.; Pröfrock, D.: An analytical strategy for challenging members of the microplastic family: Particles from anti-corrosion coatings. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2024. vol. 470, 134173. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134173}} @misc{hildebrandt_development_and_2024, author={Hildebrandt, L.M.,Klein, O.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Development and Validation of High-Throughput Methods for the Sampling, Extraction and Analysis of Marine Microplastics}, year={2024}, howpublished = {conference poster: Sevilla (ESP); 05.05.2024 - 09.05.2024}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Development and Validation of High-Throughput Methods for the Sampling, Extraction and Analysis of Marine Microplastics. In: SETAC Europe 34 Annual Meeting. Sevilla (ESP). 2024.}} @misc{siems_dissolved_trace_2024, author={Siems, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Sanders, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Dissolved trace elements and nutrients in the North Sea – a current baseline}, year={2024}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12675-2}, abstract = {Primary production is an important driver of marine carbon storage. Besides the major nutrient elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon, primary production also depends on the availability of nutrient-type metals (e.g., Cu, Fe, Mo) and the absence of toxicologically relevant metals (e.g., Ni, Pb). Especially in coastal oceans, carbon storage and export to the open ocean is highly variable and influenced by anthropogenic eutrophication and pollution. To model future changes in coastal carbon storage processes, a solid baseline of nutrient and metal concentrations is crucial. The North Sea is an important shelf sea, influenced by riverine, atmospheric, Baltic Sea, and North Atlantic inputs. We measured the concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NH4+, NO3−, PO43−, and SiO44−) and 26 metals in 337 water samples from various depths within the entire North Sea and Skagerrak. A principal component analysis enabled us to categorize the analytes into three groups according to their predominant behavior: tracers for seawater (e.g., Mo, U, V), recycling (e.g., NO3−, PO43−, SiO44−), and riverine or anthropogenic input (e.g., Ni, Cu, Gd). The results further indicate an increasing P-limitation and increasing anthropogenic gadolinium input into the German Bight.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12675-2} (DOI). Siems, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Sanders, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Dissolved trace elements and nutrients in the North Sea – a current baseline. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2024. vol. 196, 539. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12675-2}} @misc{siems_release_and_2024, author={Siems, A.,Sanders, T.,Zimmermann, T.,Wieser, M.E.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Release and turn-over of carbon, nitrogen and metals under oxic and suboxic conditions in long-term incubations of Skagerrak sediments}, year={2024}, howpublished = {conference poster: Wien (AUT); 14.04.2024 - 19.04.2024}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Siems, A.; Sanders, T.; Zimmermann, T.; Wieser, M.; Pröfrock, D.: Release and turn-over of carbon, nitrogen and metals under oxic and suboxic conditions in long-term incubations of Skagerrak sediments. In: EGU General Assembly 2024. Wien (AUT). 2024.}} @misc{przibilla_analysis_of_2023, author={Przibilla, A.,Iwainski, S.,Zimmermann, T.,Nantke, C.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Analysis of dissolved trace metals in North Sea water: How to obtain reliable data using ICP-MS/MS?}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Dortmund (DEU); 14.05.2023 - 17.05.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Przibilla, A.; Iwainski, S.; Zimmermann, T.; Nantke, C.; Pröfrock, D.: Analysis of dissolved trace metals in North Sea water: How to obtain reliable data using ICP-MS/MS?. 54th annual conference of the DGMS. Dortmund (DEU), 2023.}} @misc{ebeling_korrosionsschutz_und_2023, author={Ebeling, A.,Wippermann, D.,Zonderman, A.,Klein, O.,Erbslöh, B.,Kirchgeorg, T.,Weinberg, I.,Hasenbein, S.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Korrosionsschutz und dessen Umweltauswirkung am Beispiel von Offshore Windkraftanlagen}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Hamburg (DEU); 11.07.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Ebeling, A.; Wippermann, D.; Zonderman, A.; Klein, O.; Erbslöh, B.; Kirchgeorg, T.; Weinberg, I.; Hasenbein, S.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Korrosionsschutz und dessen Umweltauswirkung am Beispiel von Offshore Windkraftanlagen. Künstliche Intelligenz vs. Maritime Korrosion - Where do we go?. Hamburg (DEU), 2023.}} @misc{ebeling_investigation_of_2023, author={Ebeling, A.,Wippermann, D.,Zimmermann, T.,Klein, O.,Kirchgeorg, T.,Weinberg, I.,Hasenbein, S.,Plaß, A.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Investigation of potential metal emissions from galvanic anodes in offshore wind farms into North Sea sediments}, year={2023}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115396}, abstract = {To evaluate potential metal emissions from offshore wind farms (OWFs), 215 surface sediment samples from different German North Sea OWFs taken between 2016 and 2022 were analyzed for their mass fractions of metals and their isotopic composition of Sr. For the first time, this study provides large-scale elemental data from OWFs of the previously proposed galvanic anode tracers Cd, Pb, Zn, Ga and In. Results show that mass fractions of the legacy pollutants Cd, Pb and Zn were mostly within the known variability of North Sea sediments. At the current stage the analyzed Ga and In mass fractions as well as Ga/In ratios do not point towards an accumulation in sediments caused by galvanic anodes used in OWFs. However, further investigations are advisable to evaluate long-term effects over the expected lifetime of OWFs, especially with regard to the current intensification of offshore wind energy development.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115396} (DOI). Ebeling, A.; Wippermann, D.; Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.; Kirchgeorg, T.; Weinberg, I.; Hasenbein, S.; Plaß, A.; Pröfrock, D.: Investigation of potential metal emissions from galvanic anodes in offshore wind farms into North Sea sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2023. vol. 194, Part A, 115396. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115396}} @misc{hansen_quantification_and_2023, author={Hansen, J.,Hildebrandt, L.,Zimmermann, T.,El Gareb, F.,Fischer, E.K.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Quantification and characterization of microplastics in surface water samples from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean using Laser Direct Infrared Imaging}, year={2023}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114880}, abstract = {15 filtration samples were collected at eight locations onboard the RV Sonne (cruise SO279 in 2020) from 6 m water depth using a fractionated stainless-steel filtration unit. The size fraction > 300 μm was visually examined and potential microplastic particles were analyzed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The treatment of size class 20 μm < d < 300 μm was based on enzymatic-oxidative microwave-assisted “one-pot” matrix digestion in conjunction with analysis of the microplastics by time-efficient LDIR imaging.,Total number concentrations ranged from 47 to 2154 microplastic particles per m3 (average for all stations: 500 ± 700 microplastic particles m−3 (1 SD; n = 8)). In total, 20 polymer types were identified. The most common polymer types were polyethylene terephthalate (20 %) and acrylates/polyurethane/varnish (15 %). 93 % of the detected microplastics were smaller than 100 μm in length. Analysis of sample replicates indicates high spatio-temporal variations in microplastic pollution within the investigated region.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114880} (DOI). Hansen, J.; Hildebrandt, L.; Zimmermann, T.; El Gareb, F.; Fischer, E.; Pröfrock, D.: Quantification and characterization of microplastics in surface water samples from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean using Laser Direct Infrared Imaging. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2023. vol. 190, 114880. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114880}} @misc{hildebrandt_laser_microdissection_2023, author={Hildebrandt, L.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Laser microdissection pressure catapulting (LMPC): a new technique to handle single microplastic particles for number-based validation strategies}, year={2023}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04611-z}, abstract = {This study examines laser microdissection pressure catapulting (LMPC) as an innovative method for microplastic research. Laser pressure catapulting as part of commercially available LMPC microscopes enables the precise handling of microplastic particles without any mechanical contact. In fact, individual particles with sizes between several micrometers and several hundred micrometers can be transported over centimeter-wide distances into a collection vial. Therefore, the technology enables the exact handling of defined numbers of small microplastics (or even individual ones) with the greatest precision. Herewith, it allows the production of particle number-based spike suspensions for method validation. Proof-of-principle LMPC experiments with polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate model particles in the size range from 20 to 63 µm and polystyrene microspheres (10 µm diameter) demonstrated precise particle handling without fragmentation. Furthermore, the ablated particles showed no evidence of chemical alteration as seen in the particles’ IR spectra acquired via laser direct infrared analysis. We propose LMPC as a promising new tool to produce future microplastic reference materials such as particle-number spiked suspensions, since LMPC circumvents the uncertainties resulting from the potentially heterogeneous behavior or inappropriate sampling from microplastic suspensions. Furthermore, LMPC could be advantageous for the generation of very accurate calibration series of spherical particles for microplastic analysis via pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (down to 0.54 ng), as it omits the dissolution of bulk polymers.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04611-z} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Laser microdissection pressure catapulting (LMPC): a new technique to handle single microplastic particles for number-based validation strategies. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2023. vol. 415, 3041-3049. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04611-z}} @misc{przibilla_response_of_2023, author={Przibilla, A.,Sanders, T.,Zimmermann, T.,Schulz, G.,Nantke, C.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Response of metal contaminated Skagerrak sediments to changing oxygen conditions}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Lyon (FRA); 09.07.2023 - 14.07.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Przibilla, A.; Sanders, T.; Zimmermann, T.; Schulz, G.; Nantke, C.; Pröfrock, D.: Response of metal contaminated Skagerrak sediments to changing oxygen conditions. Goldschmidt Conference 2023. Lyon (FRA), 2023.}} @misc{wippermann_potential_of_2023, author={Wippermann, D.,Zonderman, A.,Ebeling, A.,Klein, O.,Hans-Burkhard, E.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Potential of ICP-MS/MS to study the impact of trace metals released from offshore wind farm corrosion protection on marine biota}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference poster: Ljubljana (SVN); 29.01.2023 - 03.02.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Wippermann, D.; Zonderman, A.; Ebeling, A.; Klein, O.; Hans-Burkhard, E.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Potential of ICP-MS/MS to study the impact of trace metals released from offshore wind farm corrosion protection on marine biota. In: European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry. Ljubljana (SVN). 2023.}} @misc{zimmermann_elemental_fingerprint_2023, author={Zimmermann, T.,Hildebrandt, L.,Fensky, F.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Elemental fingerprint analysis of (micro) plastics via ICP-MS/MS – A possible tool for source tracing?}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Ljubljana (SVN); 29.01.2023 - 03.02.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Zimmermann, T.; Hildebrandt, L.; Fensky, F.; Pröfrock, D.: Elemental fingerprint analysis of (micro) plastics via ICP-MS/MS – A possible tool for source tracing?. European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry. Ljubljana (SVN), 2023.}} @misc{klein_exploiting_the_2023, author={Klein, O.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Exploiting the Urban Mine - Methodology for TCE determination in electronic scrap material using ICP-MS/MS}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Dortmund (DEU); 14.05.2023 - 17.05.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Exploiting the Urban Mine - Methodology for TCE determination in electronic scrap material using ICP-MS/MS. 54th annual conference of the DGMS. Dortmund (DEU), 2023.}} @misc{klein_using_icpmsms_2023, author={Klein, O.,Zimmermann, T.,Hildebrandt, L.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Using ICP-MS/MS in complex environments - spatial distribution and possible sources of technology-critical elements}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference poster: Ljubljana (SVN); 29.01.2023 - 03.02.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Hildebrandt, L.; Pröfrock, D.: Using ICP-MS/MS in complex environments - spatial distribution and possible sources of technology-critical elements. In: European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry. Ljubljana (SVN). 2023.}} @misc{ebeling_from_offshore_2023, author={Ebeling, A.,Wippermann, D.,Zonderman, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Klein, O.,Erbslöh, H.,Kirchgeorg, T.,Weinberg, I.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={From offshore wind to green Power-to-X products – how ICP-MS can help to monitor potential emerging chemical emissions}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference poster: Ljubljana (SVN); 29.01.2023 - 03.02.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Ebeling, A.; Wippermann, D.; Zonderman, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.; Erbslöh, H.; Kirchgeorg, T.; Weinberg, I.; Pröfrock, D.: From offshore wind to green Power-to-X products – how ICP-MS can help to monitor potential emerging chemical emissions. In: European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry 2023. Ljubljana (SVN). 2023.}} @misc{ebeling_from_rivers_2023, author={Ebeling, A.,Klein, O.,Zimmermann, T.,Rust, B.,Wippermann, D.,Faust, S.,Irrgeher, J.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={From rivers to the sea: determination and tracing of TCEs in natural waters}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Berlin (DEU); 03.09.2023 - 07.09.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Ebeling, A.; Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Rust, B.; Wippermann, D.; Faust, S.; Irrgeher, J.; Pröfrock, D.: From rivers to the sea: determination and tracing of TCEs in natural waters. GeoBerlin 2023 - Geosciences Beyond Boundaries - Research, Society, Future. Berlin (DEU), 2023.}} @misc{hildebrandt_bestimmung_elementarer_2023, author={Hildebrandt, L.,Fensky, F.,Klein, O.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Bestimmung elementarer Fingerabdrücke von Korrosionsschutzbeschichtungen mittels ICP-MS/MS als wichtiger Baustein für die Mikroplastikanalytik}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Augsburg (DEU); 15.05.2023 - 17.05.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Fensky, F.; Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Bestimmung elementarer Fingerabdrücke von Korrosionsschutzbeschichtungen mittels ICP-MS/MS als wichtiger Baustein für die Mikroplastikanalytik. Wasser 2023 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft. Augsburg (DEU), 2023.}} @misc{przibilla_impact_of_2023, author={Przibilla, A.,Iwainski, S.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Impact of storage temperature and filtration method on dissolved trace metal concentrations in coastal water samples}, year={2023}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.10922}, abstract = {Trace elements play a major role in biogeochemical cycles and oceanographic processes. To determine trace element concentrations, the dissolved and particulate phase are usually separated by filtration. However, the frequently used membrane filtration as well as sample storage can bias the dissolved elemental concentrations by adsorption or desorption/contamination. We present a comparison of two filtration methods for coastal and estuarine water samples (pressure filtration with Nuclepore™ polycarbonate filters, vacuum filtration with DigiFILTER™s) applied to aliquots of a large-volume coastal water sample that were stored at -18 °C or 4 °C for up to nine weeks. The filtrates were analyzed by seaFAST-ICP-MS for dissolved Cd, Ce, Co, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ho, La, Mn, Mo, Nd, Pb, Pr, Sm, Tb, U, V, W, Y and Zn. The filtration blanks of DigiFILTER™s (0.0006 ± 0.0010 ng L-1 for Ho to 110 ± 180 ng L-1 for Zn) were sufficiently low for quantification of all analyzed elements with good repeatability, enabling a fast and reliable filtration of large sample sets of coastal water. However, the findings also highlight the need to measure procedural blanks including the filtration instead of only the instrument blanks to validate results. Measured concentrations of both filtration methods did not differ significantly for Cd, Cu, Mo, U, V, W, Zn but for other investigated elements, the ratio between both methods was up to 1.8 for Ce and 4.1 for Fe. Within nine weeks of storage, the elemental concentrations decreased significantly, resulting in losses of 20 % Mn in frozen samples and 63 % Pb, 64 % Co and 93 % Mn in cooled samples.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.10922} (DOI). Przibilla, A.; Iwainski, S.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Impact of storage temperature and filtration method on dissolved trace metal concentrations in coastal water samples. Water Environment Research. 2023. vol. 95, no. 9, e10922. DOI: 10.1002/wer.10922}} @misc{przibilla_9895mo_as_2023, author={Przibilla, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Sanders, T.,Wieser, M.E.,Proefrock, D.}, title={δ98/95Mo as tracer for past and current redox conditions in sediment samples from the Skagerrak}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Berlin (DEU); 16.11.2023 - 17.11.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Przibilla, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Sanders, T.; Wieser, M.; Proefrock, D.: δ98/95Mo as tracer for past and current redox conditions in sediment samples from the Skagerrak. 7th PhD Seminar of the German Working Group for Analytical Spectroscopy (DAAS) in the GDCh Division of Analytical Chemistry. Berlin (DEU), 2023.}} @misc{wippermann_the_ongoing_2023, author={Wippermann, D.,Klein, O.,Zonderman, A.,Ebeling, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={The ongoing race between emerging contaminants and analytical chemistry: New approaches in ICP-MS/MS and determination of technology-critical elements in marine biota reference materials}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Berlin (DEU); 03.09.2023 - 07.09.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Wippermann, D.; Klein, O.; Zonderman, A.; Ebeling, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: The ongoing race between emerging contaminants and analytical chemistry: New approaches in ICP-MS/MS and determination of technology-critical elements in marine biota reference materials. GeoBerlin 2023 – Geosciences Beyond Boundaries - Research, Society, Future. Berlin (DEU), 2023.}} @misc{hildebrandt_the_standardized_2023, author={Hildebrandt, L.,Pohl, F.,Mitrano, D.,Zimmermann, T.}, title={The standardized Micro- and Nanoplastic Planet: Degradation; Fragmentation and Leaching}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Louisville (USA); 12.11.2023 - 16.11.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Pohl, F.; Mitrano, D.; Zimmermann, T.: The standardized Micro- and Nanoplastic Planet: Degradation; Fragmentation and Leaching. SETAC North America 44th Annual Meeting. Louisville (USA), 2023.}} @misc{wippermann_using_icpmsms_2023, author={Wippermann, D.,Ebeling, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Using ICP-MS/MS to study the impact of offshore wind farms on the marine environment.}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Berlin (DEU); 15.11.2023 - 17.11.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Wippermann, D.; Ebeling, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Using ICP-MS/MS to study the impact of offshore wind farms on the marine environment.. 7th PhD Seminar of the German Working Group for Analytical Spectroscopy (DAAS) in the GDCh Division of Analytical Chemistry. Berlin (DEU), 2023.}} @misc{hoppe_how_pollutants_2023, author={Hoppe, P.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={How pollutants are transported - Distribution of organic and inorganic pollutants in different Elbe compartments}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Berlin (DEU); 15.11.2023 - 17.11.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Hoppe, P.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: How pollutants are transported - Distribution of organic and inorganic pollutants in different Elbe compartments. 7th PhD Seminar of the German Working Group for Analytical Spectroscopy (DAAS) in the GDCh Division of Analytical Chemistry. Berlin (DEU), 2023.}} @misc{prfrock_new_applications_2023, author={Pröfrock, D.,Przibilla, A.,Klein, O.,Hildebrandt, L.,Ebeling, A.,el Gareb, F.,Rohrweber, A.,Witthoff, C.,Zimmermann, T.}, title={New Applications of ICP-MS/MS and MC ICP-MS to study the chemical anthropocene}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Ljubljana (SVN); 28.01.2023 - 03.02.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Pröfrock, D.; Przibilla, A.; Klein, O.; Hildebrandt, L.; Ebeling, A.; el Gareb, F.; Rohrweber, A.; Witthoff, C.; Zimmermann, T.: New Applications of ICP-MS/MS and MC ICP-MS to study the chemical anthropocene. European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry. Ljubljana (SVN), 2023.}} @misc{rohrweber_the_spatial_2023, author={Rohrweber, A.,Przibilla, A.,Ebeling, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={The spatial distribution of trace metals in North Sea and Baltic Sea - defining a baseline to study effects of potential ocean alkalinity enhancement activities}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference poster: Lyon (FRA); 09.07.2023 - 14.07.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Rohrweber, A.; Przibilla, A.; Ebeling, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: The spatial distribution of trace metals in North Sea and Baltic Sea - defining a baseline to study effects of potential ocean alkalinity enhancement activities. In: Goldschmidt2023 Conference. Lyon (FRA). 2023.}} @misc{wippermann_determination_of_2023, author={Wippermann, D.,Zonderman, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Determination of technology-critical elements in seafood reference materials by inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry}, year={2023}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-05081-z}, abstract = {The certified reference materials (CRMs) BCR-668 (mussel tissue), NCS ZC73034 (prawn), NIST SRM 1566a (oyster tissue) and NIST SRM 2976 (mussel tissue) were analyzed for their mass fractions of 23 elements using inductively coupled plasma tandem-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS). This study focused on the quantification of selected technology-critical elements (TCEs), specifically rare earth elements (REE) and the less studied TCEs Ga, Ge, Nb, In and Ta. Microwave assisted closed vessel digestion using an acid mixture of HNO3, HCl and H2O2 was applied to varying sample masses and two different microwave systems. Recoveries of 76% (Gd, NCS ZC73034) to 129% (Lu, BCR-668) were obtained for the REE and 83% (Ge, NCS ZC73034) to 127% (Nb, NCS ZC73034) for the less studied TCEs across all analyzed CRMs (compared to certified values) using the best-performing parameters. Mass fractions for all analyzed, non-certified elements are suggested and given with a combined uncertainty U (k = 2), including mass fractions for Ga (11 µg kg-1 ± 9 µg kg-1 to 67 µg kg-1 ± 8 µg kg-1) and In (0.4 µg kg-1 ± 0.3 µg kg-1 to 0.8 µg kg-1 ± 0.7 µg kg-1). This study provides mass fractions of possible new emerging contaminants and addresses the relevant challenges in quantification of less studied TCEs, thus allowing the application of existing CRMs for method validation in studies dealing with the determination of TCEs in seafood or other biota.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-05081-z} (DOI). Wippermann, D.; Zonderman, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Determination of technology-critical elements in seafood reference materials by inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2023. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05081-z}} @misc{ebeling_metal_distribution_2023, author={Ebeling, A.,Voigt, N.,Petrauskas, C.,Ludwig, J.,Rust, B.,Pieper, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Klein, O.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Metal distribution and Sr and Pb stable isotope ratios for sediment samples of Atair cruise AT275}, year={2023}, howpublished = {Other: dataset}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.963966}, abstract = {Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in and around offshore wind farms of the German Bight between 06.03.2019 and 24.03.2019 within the context of the Hereon-BSH project OffChEm. The surface sediment samples were taken by a box grab, homogenized, freeze-dried and wet-sieved to gain the <20 µm grain size fraction. The <20 µm grain size fraction was acid digested and measured by ICP-MS/MS for their (trace) metal mass fractions. The Sr and Pb isotope ratios were measured by MC ICP-MS after an automated matrix separation with a prepFAST MCTM system.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.963966} (DOI). Ebeling, A.; Voigt, N.; Petrauskas, C.; Ludwig, J.; Rust, B.; Pieper, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.; Pröfrock, D.: Metal distribution and Sr and Pb stable isotope ratios for sediment samples of Atair cruise AT275. PANGEA. 2023. DOI: 10.1594/PANGAEA.963966}} @misc{ebeling_metal_distribution_2023, author={Ebeling, A.,Voigt, N.,Pehlke, C.,Rust, B.,Pieper, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Metal distribution and Sr and Pb stable isotope ratios for sediment samples of ATAIR cruise AT261}, year={2023}, howpublished = {Other: dataset}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956893}, abstract = {Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in the surrounding and within different wind farms of the German Bight in April 2018 within the context of the Hereon-BSH project OffChEm. The surface sediment samples were taken by a box grab, homogenized, freeze-dried and wet-sieved to gain the <20 µm grain size fraction. The <20 µm grain size fraction was acid digested and measured by ICP-MS/MS for their (trace) metal mass fractions. The Sr and Pb isotope ratios were measured by MC ICP-MS after an automated matrix separation with a prepFAST MC system.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956893} (DOI). Ebeling, A.; Voigt, N.; Pehlke, C.; Rust, B.; Pieper, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Metal distribution and Sr and Pb stable isotope ratios for sediment samples of ATAIR cruise AT261. PANGEA. 2023. DOI: 10.1594/PANGAEA.956893}} @misc{prfrock_grain_size_2023, author={Pröfrock, D.,Zimmermann, T.,von der Au, M.,Dutschke, F.,Ercegovac, M.,Irrgeher, J.,Ruhnau, C.,Schrödl, S.,Erbslöh, H.B.,Pieper, A.}, title={Grain size distribution for the sediment sample stations of the Elbe river campaign LP201508 in 2015}, year={2023}, howpublished = {Other: dataset}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.954520}, abstract = {Transport, distribution and remobilization processes of sediments and suspended matter of the Wadden Sea or within the marine areas have a major influence on the pollution situation of the these areas. The combined analysis of element fingerprints and isotope ratios of selected elements is suitable to provide valuable insights into the origin, transport pathways and distribution of sediments and suspended sediments within the study area. Thus, sediment and freshwater samples were taken from the German part of the Elbe river and its tributaries in August and October 2015 to identify their elemental and isotopic fingerprint and to investigate potential inputs of this major river system into the German Bight. All sediment samples were taken using a box grab and were analyzed for their grain size distribution by laser diffraction.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.954520} (DOI). Pröfrock, D.; Zimmermann, T.; von der Au, M.; Dutschke, F.; Ercegovac, M.; Irrgeher, J.; Ruhnau, C.; Schrödl, S.; Erbslöh, H.; Pieper, A.: Grain size distribution for the sediment sample stations of the Elbe river campaign LP201508 in 2015. PANGEA. 2023. DOI: 10.1594/PANGAEA.954520}} @misc{prfrock_offshore_windfarms_2023, author={Pröfrock, D.,Ebeling, A.,Wippermann, D.,Klein, O.,Zimmermann, T.}, title={Offshore Windfarms als potentielle Punktquellen für Schadstoffe in der Marinen Umwelt}, year={2023}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Virtual; 24.01.2023 - 24.01.2023}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Pröfrock, D.; Ebeling, A.; Wippermann, D.; Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.: Offshore Windfarms als potentielle Punktquellen für Schadstoffe in der Marinen Umwelt. Workshop des AK Umweltmonitorings der GDCH. Virtual, 2023.}} @misc{petrauskas_metal_distribution_2022, author={Petrauskas, C.,Ebeling, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Pieper, A.,Irrgeher, J.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Metal distribution for sediment samples of the Ludwig Prandtl cruise LP20160725}, year={2022}, howpublished = {Other: dataset}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.951081}, abstract = {Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in the surroundings of offshore wind farms of the German Bight between 25.07.2016 and 02.08.2016. The surface sediment samples were taken by a box grab, homogenized, freeze-dried and wet-sieved to gain the <20 µm grain size fraction. The <20 µm grain size fraction was acid digested and measured by ICP-MS/MS for their (trace) metal mass fractions.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.951081} (DOI). Petrauskas, C.; Ebeling, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Pieper, A.; Irrgeher, J.; Pröfrock, D.: Metal distribution for sediment samples of the Ludwig Prandtl cruise LP20160725. PANGEA. 2022. DOI: 10.1594/PANGAEA.951081}} @misc{zimmermann_oceanographic_parameters_2022, author={Zimmermann, T.,Pieper, A.,Irrgeher, J.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Oceanographic parameters for the sample stations of Ludwig Prandtl cruise LP20160725}, year={2022}, howpublished = {Other: dataset}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.943759}, abstract = {Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in the surroundings of offshore wind farms of the German Bight between 25.07.2016 and 02.08.2016. At every sampling station oceanographic parameters were measured directly on board with respective probes of a multimeter covering pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and conductivity.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.943759} (DOI). Zimmermann, T.; Pieper, A.; Irrgeher, J.; Pröfrock, D.: Oceanographic parameters for the sample stations of Ludwig Prandtl cruise LP20160725. PANGEA. 2022. DOI: 10.1594/PANGAEA.943759}} @misc{pieper_grain_size_2022, author={Pieper, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Irrgeher, J.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Grain size distribution for sediment samples of Ludwig Prandtl cruise LP20160725}, year={2022}, howpublished = {Other: dataset}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.943761}, abstract = {Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in the surroundings of offshore wind farms of the German Bight between 25.07.2016 and 02.08.2016. The sediment samples were taken by a box grab and were analyzed for their grain size distribution by laser diffraction.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.943761} (DOI). Pieper, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Irrgeher, J.; Pröfrock, D.: Grain size distribution for sediment samples of Ludwig Prandtl cruise LP20160725. PANGEA. 2022. DOI: 10.1594/PANGAEA.943761}} @misc{logemann_determination_of_2022, author={Logemann, A.,Reininghaus, M.,Schmidt, M.M.,Ebeling, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Wolschke, H.,Friedrich, J.,Brockmeyer, B.,Pröfrock, D.,Witt, G.}, title={Determination of inorganic and organic pollutants in a dated sediment core of the Skagerrak (North Sea)}, year={2022}, howpublished = {Other: dataset}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.944390}, abstract = {We investigated 90 contaminants covering inorganic and organic pollutants analyzed in a set of sediment cores taken in the North Sea (Skagerrak). The cores were taken by the German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) in August 2017 on the RV CelticExplorer (Cruise CE17013a) using a multi corer (MUC, Oktopus, Kiel, Germany) at 57° 49.8 N and 7° 59.9 E at 520 m water depth. Samples were radiometrically dated and analyzed for the mass fractions of eight elements, as well as Pb isotope ratios by (MC) ICP-MS. Analysis of 61 HOCs was carried out using accelerated solvent extraction followed by GC–MS/MS analysis. Determination of 21 PFAS was carried out following DIN 38414-14, 2011, using LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, concentrations of 12 PAHs and 7 PCBs in porewaters were determined using equilibrium passive sampling and GC-MS analysis. Determined mass fractions decreased towards more recent deposited sediment for most analyzed contaminants. These trends could be linked to the time of introductions of restrictions and bans. Therefore, our results confirm, amongst possible other factors, the effectiveness of environmental legislation by revealing a successive change in contamination levels over the decades.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.944390} (DOI). Logemann, A.; Reininghaus, M.; Schmidt, M.; Ebeling, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Wolschke, H.; Friedrich, J.; Brockmeyer, B.; Pröfrock, D.; Witt, G.: Determination of inorganic and organic pollutants in a dated sediment core of the Skagerrak (North Sea). PANGEA. 2022. DOI: 10.1594/PANGAEA.944390}} @misc{vonderau_characteristic_regional_2022, author={von der Au, M.,Zimmermann, T.,Kleeberg, U.,von Tümpling, W.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Characteristic regional differences in trace element pattern of 2014 German North Sea surface Wadden sediments – A judge and assessment}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114208}, abstract = {The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires good ecological status of the marine environment. This also includes the Wadden Sea located in the southeastern part of the North Sea and its chemical status of sediments. Based on results from campaigns conducted in the 1980s, 32 surface sediment samples were taken in 2014 to check whether the sampling strategy required for characterizing the trace element content in sediments is representative and to determine the degree of pollution and potential changes over the last decades. For this purpose the elemental mass fractions of 42 elements were assessed in the ≤20 μm grain size fraction of the surface sediments.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114208} (DOI). von der Au, M.; Zimmermann, T.; Kleeberg, U.; von Tümpling, W.; Pröfrock, D.: Characteristic regional differences in trace element pattern of 2014 German North Sea surface Wadden sediments – A judge and assessment. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2022. vol. 184, 114208. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114208}} @misc{elgareb_analyse_des_2022, author={El Gareb, F.,Hildebrandt, L.,Zimmermann, T.,Klein, O.,Kerstan, A.,Emeis, K.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Analyse des Vorkommens und der Verteilung von Mikrokunststoffen im tropischen Indischen Ozean mittels Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) Chemical Imaging und mikrowellenunterstützter Probenaufbereitung}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Wiesbaden (DEU); 23.05.2022 - 25.05.2022}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). El Gareb, F.; Hildebrandt, L.; Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.; Kerstan, A.; Emeis, K.; Pröfrock, D.: Analyse des Vorkommens und der Verteilung von Mikrokunststoffen im tropischen Indischen Ozean mittels Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) Chemical Imaging und mikrowellenunterstützter Probenaufbereitung. Wasser 2022 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft. Wiesbaden (DEU), 2022.}} @misc{hildebrandt_microplastic_compendium_2022, author={Hildebrandt, L.,El Gareb, F.,Hansen, J.,Takyar, H.,Lange, M.,Zimmermann, T.,Jahnke, A.,Bergmann, M.,Peeken, I.,Tekman, M.,Gerdts, G.,Bellou, N.,Pohl, F.,Baldewein, L.,Pröfrock, D.,Ebinghaus, R.}, title={Microplastic Compendium}, year={2022}, howpublished = {Other: online contribution}, abstract = {The Microplastic Compendium (MPC) serves as digital source of information and platform on different aspects of microplastic pollution. It targets various interest groups, both interested readers without scientific background and people with relevant scientific questions. Most importantly, users can find aggregated information on various aspects of this highly relevant environmental problem. Extensive information was gathered on the scope and consequences of microplastic pollution, as well as possible measures and solutions tackling the issue from a policy- and industry perspective. For early starts in the scientific field, the most relevant reviews are linked. Additionally, recommendations for suitable chemical-analytical workflows are included. The MPC does not claim to be complete. Content selection of reviews and recommendations are based on authors’ point of view on personal expert knowledge. The contents are therefore subjective. They are largely extracted from the theses by Fadi El Gareb, Jeannette Hansen and Lars Hildebrandt. Experts from Hereon, the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) and the University of Plymouth have kindly contributed special articles. Special thanks to Hatef Takyar for the development and maintenance of the portal.,The MPC has been developed in the context and is part of the Coastal Pollution Toolbox (URL: www.coastalpollutiontoolbox.org), a knowledge hub and digital working environment and tool set to study contaminant, nutrient and carbon dynamics in temperate and polar coastal zones.,URL: www.microplastic-compendium.eu}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; El Gareb, F.; Hansen, J.; Takyar, H.; Lange, M.; Zimmermann, T.; Jahnke, A.; Bergmann, M.; Peeken, I.; Tekman, M.; Gerdts, G.; Bellou, N.; Pohl, F.; Baldewein, L.; Pröfrock, D.; Ebinghaus, R.: Microplastic Compendium. Coastal Pollution Toolbox. 2022.}} @misc{hildebrandt_nano_microplastics_2022, author={Hildebrandt, L.,El Gareb, F.,Nack, F.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Nano-; microplastics and metals - how are they related?}, year={2022}, howpublished = {lecture: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; 11.01.2022}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; El Gareb, F.; Nack, F.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Nano-; microplastics and metals - how are they related?. Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2022.}} @misc{hildebrandt_mikroplastikpartikel_als_2022, author={Hildebrandt, L.,Nack, F.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Mikroplastikpartikel als Sorbens für Metall- und Halbmetallionen}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Wiesbaden (DEU); 23.05.2022 - 25.05.2022}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Nack, F.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Mikroplastikpartikel als Sorbens für Metall- und Halbmetallionen. Wasser 2022 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft. Wiesbaden (DEU), 2022.}} @misc{klein_technologiekritische_elemente_2022, author={Klein, O.,Zimmermann, T.,Ebeling, A.,Kruse, M.,Kirchgeorg, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Technologie-kritische Elemente - Entwicklung und Anwendung einer ICP-MS/MS basierten Methode zur Messung ihrer zeitlichen Variationen in Nordsee Sedimenten}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Wiesbaden (DEU); 23.05.2022 - 25.05.2022}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Ebeling, A.; Kruse, M.; Kirchgeorg, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Technologie-kritische Elemente - Entwicklung und Anwendung einer ICP-MS/MS basierten Methode zur Messung ihrer zeitlichen Variationen in Nordsee Sedimenten. Wasser 2022 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft. Wiesbaden (DEU), 2022.}} @misc{zonderman_turbinecolonizing_mussels_2022, author={Zonderman, A.,Wippermann, D.,Ebeling, A.,Klein, O.,Erbslöh, H.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Turbine-colonizing mussels (Mytilus edulis) as an indicator for environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the North Sea}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference poster: Berlin (DEU); 11.10.2022 - 14.10.2022}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Zonderman, A.; Wippermann, D.; Ebeling, A.; Klein, O.; Erbslöh, H.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Turbine-colonizing mussels (Mytilus edulis) as an indicator for environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the North Sea. In: YOUMARES 13. Berlin (DEU). 2022.}} @misc{logemann_assessing_the_2022, author={Logemann, A.,Reininghaus, M.,Schmidt, M.,Ebeling, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Wolschke, H.,Friedrich, J.,Brockmeyer, B.,Pröfrock, D.,Witt, G.}, title={Assessing the chemical anthropocene – Development of the legacy pollution fingerprint in the North Sea during the last century}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119040}, abstract = {The North Sea and its coastal zones are heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities, which has resulted in significant chemical pollution ever since the beginning of the industrialization in Europe during the 19th century. In order to assess the chemical Anthropocene, natural archives, such as sediment cores, can serve as a valuable data source to reconstruct historical emission trends and to verify the effectiveness of changing environmental legislation. In this study, we investigated 90 contaminants covering inorganic and organic pollutant groups analyzed in a set of sediment cores taken in the North Seas' main sedimentation area (Skagerrak). We thereby develop a chemical pollution fingerprint that records the constant input of pollutants over time and illustrates their continued great relevance for the present. Additionally, samples were radiometrically dated and PAH and PCB levels in porewater were determined using equilibrium passive sampling. Furthermore, we elucidated the origin of lead (Pb) contamination utilizing non-traditional stable isotopic analysis. Our results reveal three main findings: 1. for all organic contaminant groups covered (PAHs, OCPs, PCBs, PBDEs and PFASs) as well as the elements lead (Pb) and titanium (Ti), determined concentrations decreased towards more recent deposited sediment. These decreasing trends could be linked to the time of introductions of restrictions and bans and therefor our results confirm, amongst possible other factors, the effectiveness of environmental legislation by revealing a successive change in contamination levels over the decades. 2. concentration trends for ΣPAH and ΣPCB measured in porewater correspond well with the ones found in sediment which suggests that this method can be a useful expansion to traditional bulk sediment analysis to determine the biologically available pollutant fraction. 3. Arsenic (As) concentrations were higher in younger sediment layers, potentially caused by emissions of corroded warfare material disposed in the study area after WW II.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119040} (DOI). Logemann, A.; Reininghaus, M.; Schmidt, M.; Ebeling, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Wolschke, H.; Friedrich, J.; Brockmeyer, B.; Pröfrock, D.; Witt, G.: Assessing the chemical anthropocene – Development of the legacy pollution fingerprint in the North Sea during the last century. Environmental Pollution. 2022. vol. 302, 119040. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119040}} @misc{ebeling_analysis_of_2022, author={Ebeling, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Klein, O.,Irrgeher, J.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Analysis of Seventeen Certified Water Reference Materials for Trace and Technology-Critical Elements}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12422}, abstract = {Concentrations of elements in the aquatic environment are a key parameter for various scientific fields such as biogeochemistry, biology and environmental science. Within this context, the scientific community asks for new analytical protocols to be able to quantify more and more elements of the periodic table. Therefore, the requirements for aqueous reference materials have increased drastically. Even though a wide variety of CRMs of different water matrices are available, certified values of many elements (e.g., rare earth elements, technology-critical elements, such as Ga and In, and generally those elements which are not part of current monitoring regulations) do not yet exist. Therefore, the scientific community relies on published elemental concentrations of many CRMs provided by other researchers. Some elements of interest, such as the rare earth elements, are well studied and plenty of literature values exist. However, less studied elements, such as Ga and In, are rarely studied. In this study, an 'externally' calibrated quantification method based on an optimised online pre-concentration method, coupled with ICP-MS/MS, is used for the quantification of thirty-four elements. The method is applied to seventeen water CRMs covering freshwater, brackish water and seawater. The measured data is combined with a comprehensive literature review on non-certified values in selected water CRMs and new consensus values are suggested for various non-certified elements.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12422} (DOI). Ebeling, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.; Irrgeher, J.; Pröfrock, D.: Analysis of Seventeen Certified Water Reference Materials for Trace and Technology-Critical Elements. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research. 2022. vol. 46, no. 2, 351-378. DOI: 10.1111/ggr.12422}} @misc{hildebrandt_mikroplastik_als_2022, author={Hildebrandt, L.,Nack, F.,Zimmermann, T.,El Gareb, F.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Mikroplastik als Trojanisches Pferd für Spurenmetalle}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, abstract = {Lange Zeit galten Kunststoffpartikel als inert gegenüber Metall-,ionen. Es wurde jedoch eine signifikante Metallsorption an,Mikroplastik bei neutralem pH-Wert und anschließende Frei-,setzung in eine die gastrointestinale Chemie simulierende,Lösung nachgewiesen. Kompetitive Ionenaustausch-Inkuba-,tionsexperimente umfassten 55 Metalle und Halbmetalle. Die,untersuchten Metall- und Halbmetallkationen zeigten,signifikante Unterschiede im Sorptionsausmaß. Hierbei wurde,eine schnelle Kinetik beobachtet, wobei 45 % bis 75 % von As,,Be, Bi, Cr, Fe, In, Pb, Th, Sn und den Seltenen Erden nach 1h,sorbiert waren. Mikroplastik ist mithin nicht nur eine potenzielle,Gefahr für aquatisches und menschliches Leben, sondern fun-,giert auch als Trojanisches Pferd für gelöste Metallkationen.}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Nack, F.; Zimmermann, T.; El Gareb, F.; Pröfrock, D.: Mikroplastik als Trojanisches Pferd für Spurenmetalle. Mitteilungen der Fachgruppe Umweltchemie und Oekotoxikologie. 2022. vol. 28, no. 1, 7-10.}} @misc{elgareb_investigation_of_2022, author={El Gareb, F.,Hildebrandt, L.,Kerstan, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Emeis, K.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Investigation of microplastics in the tropical Indian Ocean using Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) Chemical Imaging and microwave-assisted sample preparation}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference poster: Kopenhagen (DNK); 15.05.2022 - 19.05.2022}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). El Gareb, F.; Hildebrandt, L.; Kerstan, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Emeis, K.; Pröfrock, D.: Investigation of microplastics in the tropical Indian Ocean using Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) Chemical Imaging and microwave-assisted sample preparation. In: SETAC Europe 2022 - annual meeting Copenhagen. Kopenhagen (DNK). 2022.}} @misc{klein_occurrence_and_2022, author={Klein, O.,Zimmermann, T.,Ebeling, A.,Kruse, M.,Kirchgeorg, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Occurrence and Temporal Variation of Technology-Critical Elements in North Sea Sediments - A Determination of Preliminary Reference Values}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-022-00929-4}, abstract = {As interest in the investigation of possible sources and environmental sinks of technology-critical elements (TCEs) continues to grow, the demand for reliable background level information of these elements in environmental matrices increases. In this study, a time series of ten years of sediment samples from two different regions of the German North Sea were analyzed for their mass fractions of Ga, Ge, Nb, In, REEs, and Ta (grain size fraction < 20 µm). Possible regional differences were investigated in order to determine preliminary reference values for these regions. Throughout the investigated time period, only minor variations in the mass fractions were observed and both regions did not show significant differences. Calculated local enrichment factors ranging from 0.6 to 2.3 for all TCEs indicate no or little pollution in the investigated areas. Consequently, reference values were calculated using two different approaches (Median + 2 median absolute deviation (M2MAD) and Tukey inner fence (TIF)). Both approaches resulted in consistent threshold values for the respective regions ranging from 158 µg kg−1 for In to 114 mg kg−1 for Ce. As none of the threshold values exceed the observed natural variation of TCEs in marine and freshwater sediments, they may be considered baseline values of the German Bight for future studies.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-022-00929-4} (DOI). Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Ebeling, A.; Kruse, M.; Kirchgeorg, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Occurrence and Temporal Variation of Technology-Critical Elements in North Sea Sediments - A Determination of Preliminary Reference Values. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2022. vol. 82, no. 4, 481-492. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00929-4}} @misc{prfrock_icpmsms_and_2022, author={Pröfrock, D.,Hildebrandt, L.,El Gareb, F.,Nack, F.,Zimmermann, T.,Klein, O.}, title={ICP-MS/MS and LDIR as complementary technique in small micro- and nanoplastic Research - From method optimization to the study of environmentally relevant polymers as vector for trace metals}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): München (DEU); 21.06.2022 - 24.06.2022}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Pröfrock, D.; Hildebrandt, L.; El Gareb, F.; Nack, F.; Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.: ICP-MS/MS and LDIR as complementary technique in small micro- and nanoplastic Research - From method optimization to the study of environmentally relevant polymers as vector for trace metals. Analytic Conference. München (DEU), 2022.}} @misc{przibilla_aufbereitung_von_2022, author={Przibilla, A.,Iwainski, S.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Aufbereitung von Meerwasserproben für die Messung der Metallgehalte mittels seaFAST-ICP-MS: Einfluss von Filtrationsmethode und Lagerung auf die Ergebnisse}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Leoben (AUT); 05.09.2022 - 08.09.2022}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Przibilla, A.; Iwainski, S.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Aufbereitung von Meerwasserproben für die Messung der Metallgehalte mittels seaFAST-ICP-MS: Einfluss von Filtrationsmethode und Lagerung auf die Ergebnisse. ICP-MS Anwender*innen Treffen. Leoben (AUT), 2022.}} @misc{klein_technologycritical_elements_2022, author={Klein, O.,Zimmermann, T.,Hildebrandt, L.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Technology-critical elements in Rhine sediments - A case study on occurrence and spatial distribution}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158464}, abstract = {Despite their presence in almost every technical device, little is known about the occurrence, distribution, and fate of technology-critical elements (TCEs) within the environment. Due to high economic demands and short product lifespans as well as low recycling rates, many TCEs appear to become emerging contaminants.,Within the scope of this work, 57 sediment samples from the German part of the Rhine river, as well as various tributaries, were collected to study the occurrence and distribution of TCEs. This specific catchment area has consistently been subjected to strong anthropogenic influences over the last century. Hierarchical Cluster analysis, as well as principal component analysis were used to gain first insights into the spatial distribution and possible sources of TCEs along the Rhine.,Obtained mass fractions in conjunction with corresponding geoaccumulation indices (Igeo) provide first indications of a possible enrichment along the Rhine for the TCEs of interest (Ga, Ge, Nb, In, Te, rare earth elements, and Ta). Especially the mass fractions of Zn, Ge, In, La, Sm, and Gd exhibit significant anthropogenic inputs. For stations characterized by high Ge and In mass fractions, element fingerprints imply possible atmospheric deposition stemming from e.g. combustion processes. Distinct anomalies of La and Sm most likely originate from discharges located at the city of Worms into the Upper Rhine. Statistical analysis of all analyzed 55 elemental mass fractions revealed similar behavior of TCEs compared to classical heavy metals. Diffuse as well as point sources of TCEs are likely. As a result, this study provides further insight into the role of TCEs as potential emerging contaminants in the environment.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158464} (DOI). Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Hildebrandt, L.; Pröfrock, D.: Technology-critical elements in Rhine sediments - A case study on occurrence and spatial distribution. Science of the Total Environment. 2022. vol. 852, 158464. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158464}} @misc{klein_erschlieung_der_2022, author={Klein, O.,Stefan Kremmler, T.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Erschließung der „urbanen Miene“ – Entwicklung einer Aufschlussmethode für Leiterplatinen zur Bestimmung der Metallgehälter mittels ICP-MS/MS}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Leoben (AUT); 05.09.2022 - 08.09.2022}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Klein, O.; Stefan Kremmler, T.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Erschließung der „urbanen Miene“ – Entwicklung einer Aufschlussmethode für Leiterplatinen zur Bestimmung der Metallgehälter mittels ICP-MS/MS. ICP-MS Anwender*innen Treffen. Leoben (AUT), 2022.}} @misc{wippermann_analytik_von_2022, author={Wippermann, D.,Ebeling, A.,Przibilla, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Analytik von Meerwasserproben aus Offshore Windparks mittels ICP-MS unter Verwendung des Aufkonzentrierungssystems seaFAST®}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Leoben (AUT); 05.09.2022 - 08.09.2022}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Wippermann, D.; Ebeling, A.; Przibilla, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Analytik von Meerwasserproben aus Offshore Windparks mittels ICP-MS unter Verwendung des Aufkonzentrierungssystems seaFAST®. 28. ICP-MS Anwender*innentreffen und 14. Symposium massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse. Leoben (AUT), 2022.}} @misc{prfrock_more_than_2022, author={Pröfrock, D.,Przibilla, A.,Klein, O.,Hildebrandt, L.,Ebeling, A.,El Gareb, F.,Zimmermann, T.}, title={More than trace elements – New Applications for ICP-MS to investigate the chemical anthropocene}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture (invited): Leoben (AUT); 05.09.2022 - 08.09.2022}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Pröfrock, D.; Przibilla, A.; Klein, O.; Hildebrandt, L.; Ebeling, A.; El Gareb, F.; Zimmermann, T.: More than trace elements – New Applications for ICP-MS to investigate the chemical anthropocene. 28. ICP-MS Anwender*innentreffen und 14. Symposium massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse. Leoben (AUT), 2022.}} @misc{zimmermann_icpmsbasierte_elementanalytik_2022, author={Zimmermann, T.,Hildebrandt, L.,El Gareb, F.,Mitrano, D.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={ICP-MS-basierte Elementanalytik zur Entwicklung neuer Probenahmetechniken für die Mikroplastikanalytik}, year={2022}, howpublished = {conference lecture: Leoben (AUT); 05.09.2022 - 09.09.2022}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Zimmermann, T.; Hildebrandt, L.; El Gareb, F.; Mitrano, D.; Pröfrock, D.: ICP-MS-basierte Elementanalytik zur Entwicklung neuer Probenahmetechniken für die Mikroplastikanalytik. 28. ICP-MS Anwender*innentreffen und 14. Symposium massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse. Leoben (AUT), 2022.}} @misc{hildebrandt_spatial_distribution_2022, author={Hildebrandt, L.,El Gareb, F.,Zimmermann, T.,Klein, O.,Kerstan, A.,Emeis, K.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Spatial distribution of microplastics in the tropical Indian Ocean based on laser direct infrared imaging and microwave-assisted matrix digestion}, year={2022}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119547}, abstract = {Suspended particulate matter was collected from subsurface (6 m) water along an E-W transect through the tropical Indian Ocean using a specialized inert (plastic free) fractionated filtration system. The samples were subjected to a new microwave-assisted “one-pot” matrix removal (efficiency: 94.3% ± 0.3% (1 SD, n = 3)) and microplastic extraction protocol (recovery: 95% ± 4%). The protocol enables a contamination-minimized digestion and requires only four filtration steps. In comparison, classical sample processing approaches involve up to eight filtration steps until the final analysis. Microplastics were identified and physically characterized by means of a novel quantum cascade laser-based imaging routine.,LDIR imaging facilitates the analysis of up to 1000 particles/fibers (<300 μm) within approximately 1–2 h. In comparison to FTIR and Raman imaging, it can help to circumvent uncertainties, e. g. from subsampling strategies due to long analysis and post-processing times of large datasets. Over 97% of all particles were correctly identified by the automated routine - without spectral reassignments. Moreover, 100% agreement was obtained between ATR-FTIR and LDIR-based analysis regarding particles and fibers >300 μm.,The mean microplastic concentration of the analyzed samples was 50 ± 30 particles/fibers m−3 (1 SD, n = 21). Number concentrations ranged from 8 to 132 particles/fibers m−3 (20–300 μm). The most abundant polymer clusters were acrylates/polyurethane/varnish (49%), polyethylene terephthalate (26%), polypropylene (8%), polyethylene (4%) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (4%). 96% of the microplastic particles had a diameter <100 μm. Though inter-study comparison is difficult, the investigated area exhibits a high contamination with particulate plastics compared to other open ocean regions. A distinct spatial trend was observed with an increasing share of the size class 20–50 μm from east to west.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119547} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; El Gareb, F.; Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.; Kerstan, A.; Emeis, K.; Pröfrock, D.: Spatial distribution of microplastics in the tropical Indian Ocean based on laser direct infrared imaging and microwave-assisted matrix digestion. Environmental Pollution. 2022. vol. 307, 119547. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119547}} @misc{klein_improved_determination_2021, author={Klein, O.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Improved determination of technologically critical elements in sediment digests by ICP-MS/MS using N2O as a reaction gas}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D1JA00088H}, abstract = {The investigation of technologically critical elements (TCEs) as emerging pollutants is a constantly growing field of environmental research and societal concern. Nevertheless, existing data for most TCEs are still unsatisfactory for an accurate assessment of their potential (eco)toxicological effects on humans and the environment. The limited availability of data mainly results from the technically challenging analysis of selected TCEs. Low concentrations of TCEs in environmental matrices (μg kg−1 or lower) and the associated complex and time-consuming sample preparation pose the greatest challenges. This work aims at developing a new ICP-MS/MS-based multi-elemental approach targeting the analysis of all major TCEs (Sc, Ga, Ge, Nb, In, Te, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb, Lu, and Ta) in sediment, which represents one of the most important matrices for environmental research. N2O is applied as a reaction gas to overcome possible spectral interferences during ICP-MS/MS analysis. The use of N2O as a reaction gas for ICP-MS/MS analysis enabled higher oxide-product ion yields for many TCEs in comparison to the frequently used O2 cell gas. Hence, the selectivity and sensitivity of the method were improved. The presented multi-element method using N2O as a reaction gas achieved LODs between 0.00023 μg L−1 (Eu) and 0.13 μg L−1 (Te) for all analyzed TCEs. Likewise, for all analyzed elements, except for Te, recoveries between 80% and 112% were obtained for at least one of the analyzed reference materials (GBW 07313, GBW 07311, and BCR-2).}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/D1JA00088H} (DOI). Klein, O.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Improved determination of technologically critical elements in sediment digests by ICP-MS/MS using N2O as a reaction gas. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 2021. vol. 36, no. 7, 1524-1532. DOI: 10.1039/D1JA00088H}} @misc{hildebrandt_comparison_and_2021, author={Hildebrandt, L.,Zimmermann, T.,Primpke, S.,Fischer, D.,Gerdts, G.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Comparison and uncertainty evaluation of two centrifugal separators for microplastic sampling}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125482}, abstract = {For commonly applied microplastic sampling approaches based on filtration, high throughput and no size-discrimination are conflicting goals. Therefore, we propose two efficient centrifugal separators for small microplastic sampling, namely the utilization of a hydrocyclone as well as a continuous flow centrifuge. Thorough method optimization was followed by application in an extensive sampling study to investigate the separators’ retention behavior for particulate plastics from estuarine waters. Microplastic concentrations ranged from 193 to 2072 particles m-3. The most dominant identified polymer types were polypropylene, acrylates, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene. More than 95% of particles were < 100 µm.,For the first time in microplastic research, an expanded uncertainty was calculated according to the “Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” (JCGM 100:2008). Bottom-up uncertainty evaluation revealed the different sampling methods (~ 44%), sample replicates (~ 26%) and the different detection techniques (~ 16%) as the major sources of uncertainty. Depending on the number of particles detected in the samples, the relative expanded uncertainty (Urel (k =2)) ranged from 24% up to > 200% underpinning tremendous importance of sound uncertainty evaluation. Our results indicate that scientist should rethink many “observed patterns” in the literature due to being insignificant and herewith not real.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125482} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Zimmermann, T.; Primpke, S.; Fischer, D.; Gerdts, G.; Pröfrock, D.: Comparison and uncertainty evaluation of two centrifugal separators for microplastic sampling. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021. vol. 414, 125482. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125482}} @misc{vandam_calcificationdriven_co2_2021, author={Van Dam, B.,Zeller, M.,Lopes, C.,Smyth, A.,Böttcher, M.,Osburn, C.,Zimmerman, T.,Pröfrock, D.,Fourqurean, J.,Thomas, H.}, title={Calcification-driven CO2 emissions exceed “Blue Carbon” sequestration in a carbonate seagrass meadow}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj1372}, abstract = {Long-term “Blue Carbon” burial in seagrass meadows is complicated by other carbon and alkalinity exchanges that shape net carbon sequestration. We measured a suite of such processes, including denitrification, sulfur, and inorganic carbon cycling, and assessed their impact on air-water CO2 exchange in a typical seagrass meadow underlain by carbonate sediments. Eddy covariance measurements reveal a consistent source of CO2 to the atmosphere at an average rate of 610 ± 990 μmol m−2 hour−1 during our study and 700 ± 660 μmol m−2 hour−1 (6.1 mol m−2 year−1) over an annual cycle. Net alkalinity consumption by ecosystem calcification explains >95% of the observed CO2 emissions, far exceeding organic carbon burial and anaerobic alkalinity generation. We argue that the net carbon sequestration potential of seagrass meadows may be overestimated if calcification-induced CO2 emissions are not accounted for, especially in regions where calcification rates exceed net primary production and burial.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj1372} (DOI). Van Dam, B.; Zeller, M.; Lopes, C.; Smyth, A.; Böttcher, M.; Osburn, C.; Zimmerman, T.; Pröfrock, D.; Fourqurean, J.; Thomas, H.: Calcification-driven CO2 emissions exceed “Blue Carbon” sequestration in a carbonate seagrass meadow. Science Advances. 2021. vol. 7, no. 51, eabj1372. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1372}} @misc{hildebrandt_microplastics_as_2021, author={Hildebrandt, L.,Nack, F.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Microplastics as a Trojan horse for trace metals}, year={2021}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100035}, abstract = {Due to an assumed lack of anionic binding sites (most plastics are non-polar), scientists long considered virgin particulate plastics inert towards metal ions. However, we proved significant metal sorption to microplastics at neutral pH and release in a solution mimicking gastrointestinal chemistry serving as a proof-of-principle for environmental and human bioavailability. Competitive ion-exchange incubation experiments comprised 55 metals and metalloids. Fast kinetics were observed with 45 %–75 % of As, Be, Bi, Cr, Fe, In, Pb, Th, Sn and the rare-earth element ions being sorbed after 1 h. The investigated metal and metalloid cations showed significant differences in the extent of sorption, based upon which a distinct categorization was possible. Microplastics are not only a potential danger for aquatic and human life, but - as demonstrated in this paper - also serve as a Trojan Horse for dissolved metal cations. The corresponding effects on aquatic and human health will gain higher importance in the near future due to the predicted increases of marine plastic litter and microplastic sorbents.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100035} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Nack, F.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Microplastics as a Trojan horse for trace metals. Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters. 2021. vol. 2, 100035. DOI: 10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100035}} @misc{hildebrandt_fast_automated_2020, author={Hildebrandt, L.,El Gareb, F.,Zimmermann, T.,Klein, O.,Emeis, K.,Pröfrock, D.,Kerstan, A.}, title={Fast, Automated Microplastics Analysis Using Laser Direct Chemical Imaging : Characterizing and quantifying microplastics in water samples from marine environments}, year={2020}, howpublished = {Other: other}, abstract = {It is estimated that more than 75% of the 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic produced over the last 65 years have turned into waste (1). Up to 13 million metric tons of this waste ends up in the ocean every year (2) and recent calculations estimate that more than 5.25 trillion plastic particles float in the world’s oceans (3). Scientists have demonstrated the alarming environmental ubiquity and persistence of particulate plastic in aquatic ecosystems (4). Models predict that approximately 14% of the plastic debris in the ocean surface layer can be classified as so-called microplastics (often referred to as particles between 1 μm and 5 mm in size) (5). These ingestible and potentially harmful particles have been formed by UV-induced, mechanical, or biological degradation of larger debris items (6). To verify the estimates and to meet upcoming regulatory measures (e.g., California Senate Bill 1422) and directives (MSFD, 2008/56/EC), accurate, time-efficient, and robust analytical workflows and techniques are required.}, note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; El Gareb, F.; Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.; Emeis, K.; Pröfrock, D.; Kerstan, A.: Fast, Automated Microplastics Analysis Using Laser Direct Chemical Imaging : Characterizing and quantifying microplastics in water samples from marine environments. 2020.}} @misc{hildebrandt_a_metrologically_2020, author={Hildebrandt, L.,von der Au, M.,Zimmermann, T.,Reese, A.,Ludwig, J.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={A metrologically traceable protocol for the quantification of trace metals in different types of microplastic}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236120}, abstract = {The presence of microplastic (MP) particles in aquatic environments raised concern about possible enrichment of organic and inorganic pollutants due to their specific surface and chemical properties. In particular the role of metals within this context is still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop a fully validated acid digestion protocol for metal analysis in different polymers, which is a prerequisite to study such interactions. The proposed digestion protocol was validated using six different certified reference materials in the microplastic size range consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polyvinyl chloride. As ICP-MS/MS enabled time-efficient, sensitive and robust analysis of 56 metals in one measurement, the method was suitable to provide mass fractions for a multitude of other elements beside the certified ones (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn). Three different microwaves, different acid mixtures as well as different temperatures in combination with different hold times were tested for optimization purposes. With the exception of Cr in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, recovery rates obtained using the optimized protocol for all six certified reference materials fell within a range from 95.9% ± 2.7% to 112% ± 7%. Subsequent optimization further enhanced both precision and recoveries ranging from 103% ± 5% to 107 ± 4% (U; k = 2 (n = 3)) for all certified metals (incl. Cr) in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. The results clearly show the analytical challenges that come along with metal analysis in chemically resistant plastics. Addressing specific analysis tools for different sorption scenarios and processes as well as the underlying kinetics was beyond this study’s scope. However, the future application of the two recommended thoroughly validated total acid digestion protocols as a first step in the direction of harmonization of metal analysis in/on MP will enhance the significance and comparability of the generated data. It will contribute to a better understanding of the role of MP as vector for trace metals in the environment.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236120} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; von der Au, M.; Zimmermann, T.; Reese, A.; Ludwig, J.; Pröfrock, D.: A metrologically traceable protocol for the quantification of trace metals in different types of microplastic. PLoS One. 2020. vol. 15, no. 7, e0236120. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236120}} @misc{zimmermann_substituting_hf_2020, author={Zimmermann, T.,von der Au, M.,Reese, A.,Klein, O.,Hildebrandt, L.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={Substituting HF by HBF4 – an optimized digestion method for multi-elemental sediment analysis via ICP-MS/MS}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01049A}, abstract = {Determination of elemental mass fractions in sediments plays a major role in evaluating the environmental status of aquatic ecosystems. Herewith, the optimization of a new total digestion protocol and the subsequent analysis of 48 elements in different sediment reference materials (NIST SRM 2702, GBW 07313, GBW 07311 and JMC-2) based on ICP-MS/MS detection is presented. The developed method applies microwave acid digestion and utilizes HBF4 as fluoride source for silicate decomposition. Similar to established protocols based on HF, HBF4 ensures the dissolution of the silicate matrix, as well as other refractory oxides. As HBF4 is not acutely toxic; no special precautions have to be made and digests can be directly measured via ICP-MS without specific sample inlet systems, evaporation steps or the addition of e.g. H3BO3, in order to mask excess HF. Different acid mixtures with and without HBF4 were evaluated in terms of digestion efficiency based on the trace metal recovery. The optimized protocol (5 mL HNO3, 2 mL HCL, 1 mL HBF4) allows a complete dissolution of the analyzed reference materials, as well as quantitative recoveries for a wide variety of certified analytes. Low recoveries for e.g. Sr, Ba and rare earth elements due to fluoride precipitation of HF-based digestions protocols, can be avoided by the usage of HBF4 instead. Based on the usage of high purity HBF4 all relevant trace, as well as matrix elements can be analyzed with sufficiently low LOQs (0.002 μg L−1 for U up to 6.7 μg L−1 for Al). In total, 34 elements were within a recovery range of 80%–120% for all three analyzed reference materials GBW 07313, GBW 07311 and JMC-2. 14 elements were outside a recovery range of 80%–120% for at least one of the analyzed reference materials.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01049A} (DOI). Zimmermann, T.; von der Au, M.; Reese, A.; Klein, O.; Hildebrandt, L.; Pröfrock, D.: Substituting HF by HBF4 – an optimized digestion method for multi-elemental sediment analysis via ICP-MS/MS. Analytical Methods. 2020. vol. 12, no. 30, 3778-3787. DOI: 10.1039/D0AY01049A}} @misc{hildebrandt_a_nanoplastic_2020, author={Hildebrandt, L.,Mitrano, D.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.}, title={A Nanoplastic Sampling and Enrichment Approach by Continuous Flow Centrifugation}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00089}, abstract = {Substantial efforts have been undertaken to isolate and characterize plastic contaminants in different sample matrices in the last years as the ubiquitous presence of particulate plastic in the environment has become evident. In comparison, plastic particles <1 µm (nanoplastic) in the environment remain mostly unexplored. Adequate techniques for the enrichment, as well as the detection of nanoplastic, are lacking but are urgently needed to assess the full scope of (potential) nanoplastic pollution. Use of Pd-doped nanoplastic particles constitutes a powerful tool to develop new analytical approaches, as they can be traced accurately and with ease in a variety of complex matrices by highly sensitive, time-efficient and robust ICP-MS(/MS) techniques. In this lab-scale study, for the first time, the capability of continuous flow centrifugation to retain nanoplastic particles (∼160 nm) from ultrapure water, as well as from filtered and unfiltered water from the German Elbe River was evaluated. Depending on the pump rate, the retention efficiency for the nanoplastic particles in ultrapure water ranged from 92% ± 8% (1 L h−1) to 53% ± 5% (5 L h−1) [uc (n = 3)] and from 75% ± 5% to 65% ± 6% (uc) (2.5 L h−1) in river water. Recirculating the water through the system two and three times at the highest tested flow rate led to retention efficiencies >90%. In a proof-of-principle setup, it was demonstrated that operating two continuous flow centrifuges sequentially at different rotational speeds bears the potential to enable size- and density-selective sampling of the colloidal fraction. A significant fraction of the spiked nanoplastic particles [76% ± 5% (uc)] could be separated from a model mixture of natural particles with a well-defined mean size of approximately 3 µm. While the certified reference plankton material used here was quantitatively retained in the first centrifuge rotor together with 23.0% ± 2.2% of the effective dose of the spiked nanoplastic, the remaining fraction of the nanoplastic could be recovered in the second rotor (53% ± 5%) and the effluent [24.4% ± 2.4% (uc)]. Based on the good retention efficiencies and the demonstrated separation potential, continuous flow centrifugation has proven to be a very promising technique for nanoplastic sampling and enrichment from natural water samples.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00089} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Mitrano, D.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: A Nanoplastic Sampling and Enrichment Approach by Continuous Flow Centrifugation. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2020. vol. 8, 89. DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2020.00089}} @misc{zimmermann_zinc_isotopic_2020, author={Zimmermann, T.,Mohammed, F.,Reese, A.,Wieser, M.,Kleeberg, U.,Pröfrock, D.,Irrgeher, J.}, title={Zinc isotopic variation of water and surface sediments from the German Elbe River}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135219}, abstract = {Recent studies suggested the use of the isotopic composition of Zn as a possible tracer for anthropogenic Zn emissions. Nevertheless, studies mainly focused on sampling areas of a few km2 with well-characterized anthropogenic Zn emissions. In contrast, this study focused on analyzing a large sample set of water and sediment samples taken throughout the course of the Elbe River, a large, anthropogenically impacted river system located in Central Europe. The primary objective was to evaluate the use of the isotopic composition of Zn to trace anthropogenic Zn emission on a large regional scale. In total 18 water and 26 surface sediment samples were investigated, covering the complete course of over 700 km of the German Elbe between the German/Czech border and the German North Sea, including six tributaries. Stable isotope abundance ratios of Zn were assessed by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC ICP-MS) in water filtrates (<0.45 µm) and total digests of the sieved surface sediment fraction (<63 µm) after analyte/matrix separation using Bio-Rad AG MP-1 resin via a micro-column approach and application of a 64Zn/67Zn double spike. Measured isotopic compositions of δ66Zn/64ZnIRMM-3702 ranged from −0.10 ‰ to 0.32 ‰ for sediment samples, and from −0.51 ‰ to 0.45 ‰ for water samples. In comparison to historical data some tributaries still feature high mass fractions of anthropogenic Zn (e.g. Mulde, Triebisch) combined with δ66Zn/64ZnIRMM-3702 values higher than the lithogenic background. The dissolved δ66Zn/64ZnIRMM-3702 values showed a potential correlation with pH. Our results indicate that biogeochemical processes like absorption may play a key role in natural Zn isotopic fractionation making it difficult to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic processes.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135219} (DOI). Zimmermann, T.; Mohammed, F.; Reese, A.; Wieser, M.; Kleeberg, U.; Pröfrock, D.; Irrgeher, J.: Zinc isotopic variation of water and surface sediments from the German Elbe River. Science of the Total Environment. 2020. vol. 707, 135219. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135219}} @misc{silvacampos_effect_of_2020, author={Silva Campos, M.R.,Blawert, C.,Mendis, C.L.,Mohedano, M.,Zimmermann, T.,Proefrock, D.,Zheludkevich, M.L.,Kainer, K.U.}, title={Effect of Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behavior of Mg-10Gd Alloy in 0.5% NaCl Solution}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00084}, abstract = {In 0.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution, Mg-10Gd alloy shows promising corrosion resistance. The microstructure of this alloy was modified via heat treatments to understand the effect of accompanying microstructural changes on the corrosion resistance. It was found that corrosion performance depends both on the amount and the distribution of the cathodic intermetallic phases. The T4 heat treatment (24 h at 540°C) caused the Gd to distribute uniformly in the matrix, which had positive effect on corrosion resistance showing a delay in the time required for the first observation of localized corrosion. The T4 heat treated specimens, specimens aged at 200°C and 300°C, showed relatively uniform degradation and thus these heat treatments are not detrimental in terms of corrosion resistance. In contrast, heat treatment at 400°C seems to increase the formation of small cuboidal particles rich in Gd, most likely to be GdH2 particles, in the matrix, resulting in a detrimental effect on the corrosion behavior.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00084} (DOI). Silva Campos, M.; Blawert, C.; Mendis, C.; Mohedano, M.; Zimmermann, T.; Proefrock, D.; Zheludkevich, M.; Kainer, K.: Effect of Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behavior of Mg-10Gd Alloy in 0.5% NaCl Solution. Frontiers in Materials. 2020. vol. 7, 84. DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2020.00084}} @misc{zimmermann_matrix_separation_2019, author={Zimmermann, T.,Retzmann, A.,Schober, M.,Proefrock, D.,Prohaska, T.,Irrgeher, J.}, title={Matrix separation of Sr and Pb for isotopic ratio analysis of Ca-rich samples via an automated simultaneous separation procedure}, year={2019}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2018.11.009}, abstract = {This paper presents a systematic investigation of the effects of Ca on the matrix separation of Sr and Pb and subsequent isotope-amount ratio measurements using a variety of synthetic solutions and reference materials with varying Ca content during the application of an automated analyte/matrix separation approach. The separation method based on the DGA resin was optimized by using increased column bed volumes, comparing two different column sizes (1-mL and 3-mL-bed volume). Certified reference materials (synthetic calcium carbonate – MACS-3, basalt – BCR-2, saggital otolith – FEBS-1, bone meal – NIST SRM 1486, bone ash – NIST SRM 1400, and skim milk powder – BCR-063R) with varying Ca content, Ca/Sr and Ca/Pb mass fraction ratios were separated using the optimized method and analyzed for the Sr and Pb isotopic composition by multi collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC ICP-MS). The developed separation method based on the 3-mL-bed volume column provides quantitative recoveries (84% to 105% for Sr, 77 % to 96% for Pb), while maintaining a quantitative separation of Sr and Pb. Procedural blank levels were <0.04 ng g−1 for Sr and <0.05 ng g−1 for Pb, respectively. The method allows for the automated extraction of Sr in Ca-rich matrices with Ca/Sr mass fraction ratios of up to 4051 corresponding to an absolute Ca load of 965 µg ± 86 µg (BCR-063R, milk powder). Furthermore, the method allows for the simultaneous extraction of Pb from these matrices showing Ca/Pb mass fraction ratios of up to 42095 corresponding to an absolute Ca load of 761 µg ± 122 µg on column (NIST SRM 1400, bone tissue), respectively.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2018.11.009} (DOI). Zimmermann, T.; Retzmann, A.; Schober, M.; Proefrock, D.; Prohaska, T.; Irrgeher, J.: Matrix separation of Sr and Pb for isotopic ratio analysis of Ca-rich samples via an automated simultaneous separation procedure. Spectrochimica Acta B. 2019. vol. 151, 54-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2018.11.009}} @misc{reese_extreme_spatial_2019, author={Reese, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Proefrock, D.,Irrgeher, J.}, title={Extreme spatial variation of Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic signatures and 48 element mass fractions in surface sediment of the Elbe River Estuary - Suitable tracers for processes in dynamic environments?}, year={2019}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.401}, abstract = {The Elbe River has been long considered as one of the most anthropogenically impacted rivers in Europe. Its estuary is characterized by strong tidal effects, continuous dredging and dumping of sediment, and intense ship traffic between the North Sea and the Port of Hamburg. The aim of this study was to elucidate if a combined multi-element fingerprinting and isotopic tracer approach represented a suitable tool to investigate transport and mixing processes of inorganic contaminants within a complex and highly dynamic estuarine environment.,A total of 37 surface sediment samples from the tidal Elbe were characterized in a comprehensive survey by determining the mass fractions of 48 elements and the isotopic signatures of stable Sr, Nd and Pb. Statistical data analysis resolved four discrete clusters of sampling locations in the estuary: One cluster upstream of the city of Hamburg, two clusters within the mixing zone between Hamburg and the mouth of the Elbe Estuary and one cluster in the mouth of the Estuary. River sediment entering the estuary carry significantly higher loads of metals (e.g. Cu, Zn, Sb, Cd and Pb), which are rapidly “diluted” by lower elemental mass fractions in marine sediment on a remarkably small regional scale. The cluster within the mouth of the estuary is mainly characterized by extreme isotopic variations of n(208Pb)/n(204Pb) ranging from 38.67 ± 0.15 to 73.86 ± 0.29, beside high mass fractions of U, Th, and some rare-earth elements. Determined Pb isotope ratios are among the highest reported values for terrestrial materials.,This study indicates the general potential of combined element fingerprinting and isotope tracer approaches to elucidate processes in complex river systems. Furthermore, it represents an initial characterization of the catchment area of the Elbe River as basis for future studies on river and harbor management.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.401} (DOI). Reese, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Proefrock, D.; Irrgeher, J.: Extreme spatial variation of Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic signatures and 48 element mass fractions in surface sediment of the Elbe River Estuary - Suitable tracers for processes in dynamic environments?. Science of the Total Environment. 2019. vol. 668, 512-523. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.401}} @misc{hildebrandt_evaluation_of_2019, author={Hildebrandt, L.,Voigt, N.,Zimmermann, T.,Reese, A.,Proefrock, D.}, title={Evaluation of continuous flow centrifugation as an alternative technique to sample microplastic from water bodies}, year={2019}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104768}, abstract = {The scientific and public interest regarding environmental pollution with microplastic has considerably increased within the last 15 years. Nevertheless, up to now there is no widely applied standard operation procedure for microplastic sampling, resulting in a lack of inter-study comparability. In addition, many studies on microplastic occurrences do not indicate a sound methodological validation of the applied methods and procedures. This study presents an alternative volume-reduced sampling technique to sample the entire load of suspended particulate matter including microplastic particles in natural waters, based on continuous flow centrifugation. For the lab-scale validation of the proposed instrumental setup, six different microplastic types (PE, PET, PS, PVDC, EPS and PP) were used. The particles covered a size range from 1 μm to 1 mm and a density range from 0.94 g mL−1 to 1.63 g mL−1. Recoveries ranged from 95.0% ± 2.3%–99.1% ± 0.3% for virgin powders and from 96.1% ± 0.6%–99.4% ± 0.2% (1 SD, n = 2–3) for microplastic suspended in river water for 40 days. Gravimetric and microscopic analysis of the effluent indicates efficient removal of microplastic from the suspensions. Static light scattering analysis of the microplastic suspensions prior to and after centrifugation confirmed that no change of the particle size distribution has occurred – neither through aggregation nor through size-discrimination during centrifugation. Moreover, the system was tested in the field and used twice to sample suspended particulate matter from the Elbe estuary directly on site. Based on these first lab-scale experiments, continuous flow centrifugation proves a promising technique bearing potential to alleviate drawbacks such as contamination, filter clogging and particle size-discrimination of commonly used volume-reduced microplastic sampling approaches.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104768} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Voigt, N.; Zimmermann, T.; Reese, A.; Proefrock, D.: Evaluation of continuous flow centrifugation as an alternative technique to sample microplastic from water bodies. Marine Environmental Research. 2019. vol. 151, 104768. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104768}} @misc{retzmann_a_fully_2017, author={Retzmann, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Proefrock, D.,Prohaska, T.,Irrgeher, J.}, title={A fully automated simultaneous single-stage separation of Sr, Pb, and Nd using DGA Resin for the isotopic analysis of marine sediments}, year={2017}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0468-6}, abstract = {A novel, fast and reliable sample preparation procedure for the simultaneous separation of Sr, Pb, and Nd has been developed for subsequent isotope ratio analysis of sediment digests. The method applying a fully automated, low-pressure chromatographic system separates all three analytes in a single-stage extraction step using self-packed columns filled with DGA Resin. The fully automated set-up allows the unattended processing of three isotopic systems from one sediment digest every 2 h, offering high sample throughput of up to 12 samples per day and reducing substantially laboratory manpower as compared to conventional manual methods. The developed separation method was validated using the marine sediment GBW-07313 as matrix-matched certified reference material and combines quantitative recoveries (>90% for Sr, >93% for Pb, and >91% for Nd) with low procedural blank levels following the sample separation (0.07 μg L-1 Sr, 0.03 μg L-1 Pb, and 0.57 μg L-1 Nd). The average δ values for Sr, Pb, and Nd of the separated reference standards were within the certified ranges (δ (87Sr/86Sr)NIST SRM 987 of -0.05(28) ‰, δ(208Pb/206Pb)NIST SRM 981 of -0.21(14) ‰, and δ(143Nd/144Nd)JNdi-1 of 0.00(7) ‰). The DGA Resin proved to be reusable for the separation of >10 sediment digests with no significant carry-over or memory effects, as well as no significant on-column fractionation of Sr, Pb, and Nd isotope ratios. Additional spike experiments of NIST SRM 987 with Pb, NIST SRM 981 with Sr, and JNdi-1 with Ce revealed no significant impact on the measured isotopic ratios, caused by potential small analyte peak overlaps during the separation of Sr and Pb, as well as Ce and Nd.}, note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0468-6} (DOI). Retzmann, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Proefrock, D.; Prohaska, T.; Irrgeher, J.: A fully automated simultaneous single-stage separation of Sr, Pb, and Nd using DGA Resin for the isotopic analysis of marine sediments. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2017. vol. 409, no. 23, 5463-5480. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0468-6}}