@misc{schmidt_the_contrasting_2025, 
author={Schmidt, C.E.,Pröfrock, D.,Steinhoefel, G.,Stichel, T.,Mears, C.,Wehrmann, L.M.,Thomas, H.},
title={The contrasting role of marine- and land-terminating glaciers on biogeochemical cycles in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard},
year={2025},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gb008087},
abstract = {This case study of Kongsfjorden, western coastal Svalbard, provides insights on how freshwater runoff from marine- and land-terminating glaciers influences the biogeochemical cycles and distribution patterns of carbon, nutrients, and trace elements in an Arctic fjord system. We collected samples from the water column at stations along the fjord axis and proglacial river catchments, and analyzed concentrations of dissolved trace elements, together with dissolved nutrients, as well as alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon. Statistical tools were applied to identify and quantify biogeochemical processes within the fjord that govern the constituent distributions. Our results suggest that the glacier type affects nutrient availability and, therefore, primary production. Glacial discharge from both marine-terminating glaciers and riverine discharge from land-terminating glaciers are important sources of dissolved trace elements (dAl, dMn, dCo, dNi, dCu, and dPb) that are involved in biological and scavenging processes within marine systems. We identified benthic fluxes across the sediment-water interface to supply fjord waters with silicate, dFe, dCu, and dZn. Our data show that intensive carbonate weathering in proglacial catchments supplies fjord waters with additional dissolved carbonates and, therefore, attenuates reduced buffering capacities caused by glacial runoff. Our study provides valuable insight into biogeochemical processes and carbon cycling within a climate-sensitive, high-latitude fjord region, which may help predict Arctic ecosystem changes in the future.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gb008087} (DOI). Schmidt, C.; Pröfrock, D.; Steinhoefel, G.; Stichel, T.; Mears, C.; Wehrmann, L.; Thomas, H.: The contrasting role of marine- and land-terminating glaciers on biogeochemical cycles in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2025. vol. 39, no. 1, e2023GB008087. DOI: 10.1029/2023gb008087}}
@misc{juhls_lena_river_2025, 
author={Juhls, B.,Morgenstern, A.,Hölemann, J.,Eulenburg, A.,Heim, B.,Miesner, F.,Grotheer, H.,Mollenhauer, G.,Meyer, H.,Erkens, E.,Gehde, F.Y.,Antonova, S.,Chalov, S.,Tereshina, M.,Erina, O.,Fingert, E.,Abramova, E.,Sanders, T.,Lebedeva, L.,Torgovkin, N.,Maksimov, G.,Povazhnyi, V.,Gonçalves-Araujo, R.,Wünsch, U.,Chetverova, A.,Opfergelt, S.,Overduin, P.P.},
title={Lena River biogeochemistry captured by a 4.5-year high-frequency sampling program},
year={2025},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1-2025},
abstract = {The Siberian Arctic is warming rapidly, causing permafrost to thaw and altering the biogeochemistry of aquatic environments, with cascading effects on the coastal and shelf ecosystems of the Arctic Ocean. The Lena River, one of the largest Arctic rivers, drains a catchment dominated by permafrost. Baseline discharge biogeochemistry data are necessary to understand present and future changes in land-to-ocean fluxes. Here, we present a high-frequency 4.5-year-long dataset from a sampling program of the Lena River's biogeochemistry, spanning April 2018 to August 2022. The dataset comprises 587 sampling events and measurements of various parameters, including water temperature, electrical conductivity, stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, dissolved organic carbon concentration and 14C, colored and fluorescent dissolved organic matter, dissolved inorganic and total nutrients, and dissolved elemental and ion concentrations. Sampling consistency and continuity and data quality were ensured through simple sampling protocols, real-time communication, and collaboration with local and international partners. The data are available as a collection of datasets separated by parameter groups and periods at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.913197 (Juhls et al., 2020b). To our knowledge, this dataset provides an unprecedented temporal resolution of an Arctic river's biogeochemistry. This makes it a unique baseline on which future environmental changes, including changes in river hydrology, at temporal scales from precipitation event to seasonal to interannual can be detected.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1-2025} (DOI). Juhls, B.; Morgenstern, A.; Hölemann, J.; Eulenburg, A.; Heim, B.; Miesner, F.; Grotheer, H.; Mollenhauer, G.; Meyer, H.; Erkens, E.; Gehde, F.; Antonova, S.; Chalov, S.; Tereshina, M.; Erina, O.; Fingert, E.; Abramova, E.; Sanders, T.; Lebedeva, L.; Torgovkin, N.; Maksimov, G.; Povazhnyi, V.; Gonçalves-Araujo, R.; Wünsch, U.; Chetverova, A.; Opfergelt, S.; Overduin, P.: Lena River biogeochemistry captured by a 4.5-year high-frequency sampling program. Earth System Science Data. 2025. vol. 17, no. 1, 1-28. DOI: 10.5194/essd-17-1-2025}}
@misc{biederbick_spatial_and_2025, 
author={Biederbick, J.,Möllmann, C.,Hauten, E.,Russnak, V.,Lahajnar, N.,Hansen, T.,Dierking, J.,Koppelmann, R.},
title={Spatial and temporal patterns of zooplankton trophic interactions and carbon sources in the eutrophic Elbe estuary (Germany)},
year={2025},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae189},
abstract = {Zooplankton in estuaries encounter complex physical and biogeochemical processes that affect the quantity, quality, and origin of their food sources. The knowledge about how zooplankton deal with highly variable organic matter sources is sparse. Here, we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of zooplankton trophic dynamics and carbon sources in the intensively dredged, eutrophic Elbe estuary. For this purpose, we applied elemental and stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) on particulate organic matter (POM) and dominant meso- and macrozooplankton species, including ichthyoplankton, from five stations along the entire salinity gradient of the estuary in 2022. The δ13C values of POM (−29.2 to −23.0 ‰) indicated a mixture of riverine, terrestrial, and coastal carbon sources used by most taxa for their diet. Eurytemora affinis (−34.0 to −23.3 ‰) and Mesopodopsis slabberi (−22.2 to −20.0 ‰) exhibited a broader range in δ13C than POM, suggesting selective feeding on single POM components depending on the season. In winter and autumn, under high suspended matter loads and limited availability of high-quality autochthonous phytoplankton, zooplankton showed increased tendency for carnivory (higher δ15N values). Our study revealed a high trophic plasticity of estuarine Elbe zooplankton to buffer hydrological-related alterations in their food source by dietary niche partitioning and a flexible switch in their feeding behaviour.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae189} (DOI). Biederbick, J.; Möllmann, C.; Hauten, E.; Russnak, V.; Lahajnar, N.; Hansen, T.; Dierking, J.; Koppelmann, R.: Spatial and temporal patterns of zooplankton trophic interactions and carbon sources in the eutrophic Elbe estuary (Germany). ICES Journal of Marine Science : Journal du Conseil. 2025. vol. 82, no. 8, fsae189. DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsae189}}
@misc{siems_trace_metals_2025, 
author={Siems, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Sanders, T.,Wieser, M.E.,Pröfrock, D.},
title={Trace metals and Mo isotopic fractionation in Skagerrak sediments – effects of different oxygen conditions},
year={2025},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-024-01206-3},
abstract = {The Skagerrak is the main depot center for organic matter and anthropogenic pollutants from the entire North Sea. Changes in ocean circulation or suspended matter supply might impact the sediment redox conditions. Indeed, little is known about the response of Skagerrak sediment and associated pollutants to different oxygen levels. We investigated sediments from three stations within the Skagerrak and incubated them for up to twelve months under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, we present the first δ98/95Mo data for Skagerrak sediment profiles and the incubations to be utilized as a redox tracer. The sediment profiles of metals reflected anthropogenic pollution (Cu, Ni, Pb) but differed regionally with redox conditions. We differentiated redox conditions mainly by sediment and porewater Fe, Mn, Mo and δ98/95Mo. In aerobic incubations, no Mn or Fe reduction was detected, while under anaerobic conditions, initial Mn and Fe reduction decreased after approximately three months. Under anaerobic conditions, a strong isotopic fractionation of Mo in the dissolved phase was found, reaching up to 5.03 ± 0.10‰, probably caused by incomplete thiolation of molybdate under low hydrogen sulfide levels. During the incubations, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb were mobilized. While Cu and Cd were mobilized under aerobic conditions, Ni and Pb mobilization depended mainly on remineralization and redox conditions. Our results show that changes in oxygen conditions in the Skagerrak can have significant effects on the (legacy) metals stored in the sediment over the past decades.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-024-01206-3} (DOI). Siems, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Sanders, T.; Wieser, M.; Pröfrock, D.: Trace metals and Mo isotopic fractionation in Skagerrak sediments – effects of different oxygen conditions. Biogeochemistry. 2025. vol. 168, 17. DOI: 10.1007/s10533-024-01206-3}}
@misc{hochfeld_ideas_and_2025, 
author={Hochfeld, Isabell,Ward, Ben A.,Kremp, Anke,Romahn, Juliane,Schmidt, Alexandra,Bálint, Miklós,Becks, Lutz,Kaiser, Jérôme,Arz, Helge W.,Bolius, Sarah,Epp, Laura S.,Pfenninger, Markus,Klausmeier, Christopher A.,Litchman, Elena,Hinners, Jana},
title={Ideas and perspectives: How sediment archives can improve model projections of marine ecosystem change},
year={2025},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2363-2025},
abstract = {Global warming is a major threat to marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, with consequences that are yet largely unknown. To frame these consequences, we need to understand how marine ecosystems respond to warming and related environmental changes. Ecosystem models have proven to be a valuable tool in this respect, but their projections vary considerably. A major limitation in current ecosystem models may be that they largely ignore evolutionary processes, which nonetheless can be relevant on the simulated time scales. In addition, ecosystem models are usually fit to contemporary data and used predictively afterwards, without further validation that they are equally applicable to past (and by inference, future) scenarios. A promising approach to validate evolutionary ecosystem models are biological archives such as natural sediments, which “collect” and archive long-term ecosystem changes. Since the ecosystem changes present in sediment records are affected by evolution, evolution needs to be represented in ecosystem models not only to realistically simulate the future but also the sediment record itself. The sediment record, in turn, can provide the required constraints on long-term evolutionary changes, along with information on past environmental conditions, biodiversity, and relative abundances of taxa. Here, we present a framework to make use of such information to validate evolutionary ecosystem models and improve model projections of future ecosystem changes. Using the example of phytoplankton, key players in marine systems, we review existing literature and discuss (I) which data can be derived from ancient sedimentary archives, (II) how we can integrate these data into evolutionary ecosystem models to improve their projections of climate-driven ecosystem changes, and (III) future perspectives and aspects that remain challenging.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2363-2025} (DOI). Hochfeld, I.; Ward, B.; Kremp, A.; Romahn, J.; Schmidt, A.; Bálint, M.; Becks, L.; Kaiser, J.; Arz, H.; Bolius, S.; Epp, L.; Pfenninger, M.; Klausmeier, C.; Litchman, E.; Hinners, J.: Ideas and perspectives: How sediment archives can improve model projections of marine ecosystem change. Biogeosciences. 2025. vol. 22, no. 10, 2363-2380. DOI: 10.5194/bg-22-2363-2025}}
@misc{asiedu_mercury_bioaccumulation_2025, 
author={Asiedu, D.A.,Jónasdóttir, S.,Søndergaard, J.,Thomas, H.,Hempel, N.,Koski, M.},
title={Mercury bioaccumulation and assimilation in marine plankton in meltwater influenced fjords and shelf waters along the east coast of Greenland},
year={2025},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125473},
abstract = {The rapid melting of the Arctic cryosphere due to climate change will result in significant freshwater input into Arctic marine ecosystems. This might also cause the release of legacy mercury (Hg) stored in the cryosphere, increasing Hg concentration and its subsequent effects on the marine biota. However, there is scarce knowledge on the concentration of Hg in the lower trophic level organisms at the base of the Arctic pelagic food web. This is particularly important since these organisms modulate the transfer of Hg to higher trophic levels, including fish and marine mammals. We quantified the total Hg (THg) concentration in two plankton size classes (>200 and 50–200 μm) in coastal waters along the east Greenland coast and investigated the potential assimilation efficiency of both inorganic Hg (IHg) and methyl Hg (MeHg) in mesozooplankton and their faecal pellets in experimental incubations. The concentration of THg in plankton ranged from 12 to 109 ng (g dw)−1 without clear trends between geographic locations or between fjords and coastal areas. Also, the concentrations did not vary between the different plankton size fractions. MeHg concentrations were lower in the mesozooplankton faecal pellets than IHg, which may be due to the higher assimilation of MeHg than IHg in mesozooplankton tissue. Our results confirm that Arctic zooplankton assimilates MeHg more efficiently than IHg and may contribute significantly to the partitioning and cycling of different Hg types in Arctic marine ecosystems.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125473} (DOI). Asiedu, D.; Jónasdóttir, S.; Søndergaard, J.; Thomas, H.; Hempel, N.; Koski, M.: Mercury bioaccumulation and assimilation in marine plankton in meltwater influenced fjords and shelf waters along the east coast of Greenland. Environmental Pollution. 2025. vol. 366, 125473. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125473}}
@misc{rewrie_impact_of_2025, 
author={Rewrie, Louise C. V.,Baschek, Burkard,Beusekom, Justus E. E.,Körtzinger, Arne,Petersen, Wilhelm,Röttgers, Rüdiger,Voynova, Yoana G.},
title={Impact of primary production and net ecosystem metabolism on carbon and nutrient cycling at the land-sea interface},
year={2025},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1548463},
abstract = {Estuaries are typically net heterotrophic systems and a source of CO2 to the atmosphere, while continental shelves are net CO2 sinks. Yet, primary production and net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) are variable, and this has implications for nutrient and carbon processing along the land-sea interface. To resolve this variability, high-frequency dissolved oxygen and ancillary biogeochemical data from a research station (FerryBox) located at the outflow of a temperate estuary into a shelf sea, were used to quantify the gross primary production (GPP) and NEM at the land-sea interface. In early and mid-spring in the outer Elbe Estuary (Germany), we find that low GPP rates (155 ± 46 mg C m-2 d-1 in April 2020 and 74 ± 24 mg C m-2 d-1 in March to April 2021) were light limited, as a function of elevated turbidity (31 ± 9 NTU and 35 ± 7 NTU) and solar irradiance. When turbidity decreased in late spring (May), we observed elevated GPP rates, and highest GPP rates in summer (June-August), with seasonal averages of 613 ± 89 mg C m-2 d-1 in 2020 and 558 ± 77 mg C m-2 d-1 in 2021. Primary production in the outer Elbe Estuary waters was not nutrient-limited, since concentrations all year-round exceeded the expected limiting levels of 5 µM Si, 0.5 µM PO43- and 2 µM NO3-. Despite the high nutrient concentrations and estimated GPP rates, the system was in near trophic balance, with seasonally averaged NEM estimates of -2 ± 49 mg C m-2 d-1 and -149 ± 41 mg C m-2 d-1. A significant finding is that a seasonal decrease in dissolved inorganic carbon of 125 – 160 µmol kg-1 from May to September, and in total alkalinity of 116 – 128 µmol kg-1 from December to August, was likely driven by the concurrent and significant seasonal uptake of inorganic carbon by primary producers in the upper estuary and upstream regions. This highlights the heterogeneity of inorganic carbon patterns along the land-sea continuum and the continuity of biogeochemical processing in the upstream regions of a temperate estuary to sea.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1548463} (DOI). Rewrie, L.; Baschek, B.; Beusekom, J.; Körtzinger, A.; Petersen, W.; Röttgers, R.; Voynova, Y.: Impact of primary production and net ecosystem metabolism on carbon and nutrient cycling at the land-sea interface. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2025. vol. 12, 1548463. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1548463}}
@misc{huang_enhanced_algorithm_2025, 
author={Huang, Chao,Zheng, Zhubin,Li, Yunmei,Lyu, Heng,Huang, Changchun,Ren, Jingli,Chen, Na,Bi, Shun,Liu, Ge,Li, Yuan,Guo, Yulong,Lei, Shaohua,Zhang, Runfei,Li, Jianzhong},
title={Enhanced Algorithm for Water Transparency Estimation in Turbid Plateau Waters Using Orbita Hyperspectral (OHS) Imagery},
year={2025},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3543564},
abstract = {Deteriorating water environments in plateau lakes are increasingly influenced by climate change and human activities. Water transparency, critical for understanding underwater lightfield environments, is commonly quantified as the Secchi disk depth (ZSD, m). Despite advances in ZSD semi-analytical model, their application in turbid plateau lakes faces challenges due to differences in quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA) and image limitations. To address these challenges, this study introduced a novel hybrid QAA model (QAAhybrid) specifically designed to estimate ZSD using Orbita Hyperspectral (OHS) images, a new hyperspectral image in China. The algorithm's uncertainty and image quality were evaluated and compared using the error propagation theory and noise equivalent ZSD (NEZSD). Several main findings can be drawn: (1) The QAAhybrid, categorized as moderately turbid and extremely turbid waters using a remote sensing reflectance ratio, outperformed other QAA models; (2) the new ZSD model produced a mean absolute percentage difference (MAPD) of 10.89%, demonstrating better accuracy compared to the existing ZSD models, and had a MAPD of 23.35% when applied to OHS images; (3) documented ZSD from OHS images showed that Dianchi Lake had a trend of increasing from the lake center towards the shore, while Erhai Lake had a trend of decreasing from north to south. These findings emphasize the feasibility of the new ZSD semi-analytical model and OHS data in water quality monitoring, providing a reliable approach for water environmental management.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3543564} (DOI). Huang, C.; Zheng, Z.; Li, Y.; Lyu, H.; Huang, C.; Ren, J.; Chen, N.; Bi, S.; Liu, G.; Li, Y.; Guo, Y.; Lei, S.; Zhang, R.; Li, J.: Enhanced Algorithm for Water Transparency Estimation in Turbid Plateau Waters Using Orbita Hyperspectral (OHS) Imagery. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2025. vol. 63, 4203016. DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2025.3543564}}
@misc{tilstone_radiometric_field_2025, 
author={Tilstone, Gavin H.,Jordan, Thomas M.,Aurin, Dirk,Białek, Agnieszka,Deru, Alexis,Ramsay, Ashley,Hieronymi, Martin,Dall’Olmo, Giorgio,Ligi, Martin,Kovach, Charles,Ansko, Ilmar,Ondrusek, Michael,Vabson, Viktor,Zibordi, Giuseppe,Gossn, Juan Ignacio,Kwiatkowska, Ewa,Vendt, Riho},
title={Radiometric field inter-comparison of fiducial reference measurements using an open source community processor},
year={2025},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.551042},
abstract = {A radiometric field intercomparison was conducted at the Acqua Alta Oceanographic Tower (AAOT) in the Adriatic Sea from 14 to 21 July 2022 to assess differences in the accuracy of above-water radiometer systems (Sea-Bird HyperSAS, pySAS, TriOS-RAMSES) processed using an open-source community processor (HyperCP). Class-based and sensor-specific characteristics of the radiometers were used to determine the quantities Ed(λ), Lsky(λ), Lt(λ) and Rrs(λ), and their associated uncertainties. Using sensor-specific characteristics, the differences among systems were 2% for Ed(λ), Lsky(λ), Lt(λ) and 2.5% for Rrs(λ) and the uncertainties were 1.5%, 2%, 1.5% and 5%, respectively. The differences were higher when using class-based characteristics. Lwn(λ) values were also compared to the above-water AERONET-OC SeaPRiSM and in-water HyperPro II. For SeaPRiSM, the differences and uncertainties were <5% over blue and green bands when using Mobley [App. Opt. 38, 7442 (1999) [CrossRef]  ] sea surface reflectance factors (ρ) and no NIR correction. For HyperPro II the differences were larger but were reduced when Rrs(λ) from the above-water systems was computed using ρ from Zhang et al. [Opt. Express 25, A1 (2017) [CrossRef]  ] with similarity (sim) spectrum (spec) NIR correction. HyperCP using sensor-specific characteristics is highly recommended to reduce the associated uncertainties and to produce the highest quality data for satellite OC validation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.551042} (DOI). Tilstone, G.; Jordan, T.; Aurin, D.; Białek, A.; Deru, A.; Ramsay, A.; Hieronymi, M.; Dall’Olmo, G.; Ligi, M.; Kovach, C.; Ansko, I.; Ondrusek, M.; Vabson, V.; Zibordi, G.; Gossn, J.; Kwiatkowska, E.; Vendt, R.: Radiometric field inter-comparison of fiducial reference measurements using an open source community processor. Optics Express. 2025. vol. 33, no. 7, 15756-15781. DOI: 10.1364/OE.551042}}
@misc{vetter_analysis_of_2025, 
author={Vetter, Cornelius B.,Hildebrandt, Lars,Zimmermann, Tristan,Schmidt, Claudia Elena,El Gareb, Fadi,Mitrano, D.M.,Pröfrock, Daniel,Thomas, Helmuth},
title={Analysis of microplastics in the fjords of Tunu (East Greenland)},
year={2025},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118192},
abstract = {Microplastics (MPs) were surveyed in the fjords of Tunu (East Greenland), contributing important information to the scarce database on plastics in the Arctic. A total of 18 subsurface water samples were collected at eight stations along the northeast coast of Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland) in August 2022. Sampling of the MPs was optimized and validated using traceable metal-doped model MPs. Recovery rates of the metal-doped MPs for validation of the sampling process using the Geesthacht Inert MP Fractionator were 78.7 ± 0.7 % (1 SD, n = 3) for a mixture of biofilm-coated Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and Polylactic acid (PLA) particles. Samples were analyzed using laser direct infrared (LDIR) imaging. The reported MP number concentrations ranged from 1.0 ± 0.8 L−1 (1 SD, n = 3) to 12 ± 4 L−1 (n = 4) in the size range of 20–500 μm. The highest concentrations were observed at the mouth of the Kangertittivaq (Scoresby Sound), in the vicinity of the settlement Ittoqqortoormiit. PET was identified as the predominant polymer type, representing an average share of 96 %. PLA featured the second highest abundance, accounting for an average 1.6 % share. The analysis of conductivity-temperature-depth profiles revealed no significant evidence of MP input from glacial runoff. The results demonstrate the critical importance of collecting replicate samples, as short-term fluctuations in MP concentration and composition exceeded potential differences in their spatial distribution.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118192} (DOI). Vetter, C.; Hildebrandt, L.; Zimmermann, T.; Schmidt, C.; El Gareb, F.; Mitrano, D.; Pröfrock, D.; Thomas, H.: Analysis of microplastics in the fjords of Tunu (East Greenland). Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2025. vol. 218, 118192. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118192}}
@misc{demir_variable_organic_2025, 
author={Demir, Kubilay Timur,Mathis, Moritz,Kossack, Jan,Liu, Feifei,Daewel, Ute,Stegert, Christoph,Thomas, Helmuth,Schrum, Corinna},
title={Variable organic matter stoichiometry enhances the biological drawdown of CO2 in the northwest European shelf seas},
year={2025},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2569-2025},
abstract = {Variations in the elemental ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in marine organic matter (OM) and their influence on the marine carbon cycle remain poorly understood for both the open and coastal oceans. Observations consistently show an enrichment of carbon and a depletion of phosphorus relative to elemental Redfield ratios. However, many biogeochemical models are constrained to Redfield stoichiometry, neglecting the effects of variable stoichiometry on carbon cycling and typically underestimating biological carbon fixation. This impedes the accurate representation of OM cycling and the resulting carbon fluxes, especially in productive temperate shelf seas such as the northwest European shelf seas (NWES). Here, the efficiency of oceanic CO2 uptake strongly depends on the biological uptake of inorganic carbon and its export to the North Atlantic, both of which are influenced by OM stoichiometry. In this study, we provide a first comprehensive and quantitative assessment of the effects of variable OM stoichiometry on carbon cycling in the NWES. For this purpose, we integrate two pathways for variable OM stoichiometry, motivated by observational and experimental results, into the regional high-resolution coupled 3D physical–biogeochemical modeling system SCHISM-ECOSMO-CO2 (Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model – ECOSystem MOdel): first, the release of carbon-enriched dissolved OM under nutrient limitation and, second, the preferential remineralization of organic nitrogen and phosphorus. With these extensions we reproduce the observed OM stoichiometry and evaluate its impact on marine carbon cycling, with a focus on OM cycling and the resulting air–sea CO2 exchange. Compared to the reference simulation with fixed Redfield stoichiometry, the variable stoichiometry configurations show an increase in the annual net CO2 uptake of 10 %–33 % in the North Sea and 9 %–31 % in the entire NWES, depending on the relative contribution of the two new implementations. As the main driver of the additional CO2 uptake, we identify a corresponding intensification of annual and seasonal OM cycling, resulting in higher net autotrophy in surface waters and higher net heterotrophy in sub-surface layers. This enhanced gradient in net community production leads to an increased biological drawdown of inorganic carbon, most pronounced in the Norwegian Trench. By increasing the biological control on the surface partial pressure of CO2, this leads to higher summer and lower winter uptake. Our results highlight the importance of variable stoichiometry for an accurate representation of the shelf carbon pump mechanism in the NWES, as it significantly influences the efficiency of carbon sequestration. Since the response depends largely on regional physical conditions and pre-existing carbon export mechanisms, regional assessments are essential to understand the sensitivity of the carbon cycle to OM stoichiometry, which should be included in global models to accurately represent the coastal carbon cycle.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2569-2025} (DOI). Demir, K.; Mathis, M.; Kossack, J.; Liu, F.; Daewel, U.; Stegert, C.; Thomas, H.; Schrum, C.: Variable organic matter stoichiometry enhances the biological drawdown of CO2 in the northwest European shelf seas. Biogeosciences. 2025. vol. 22, no. 11, 2569-2599. DOI: 10.5194/bg-22-2569-2025}}
@misc{krishna_interactive_effects_2024, 
author={Krishna, S.,Peterson, V.,Listmann, L.,Hinners, J.},
title={Interactive effects of viral lysis and warming in a coastal ocean identified from an idealized ecosystem model},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110550},
abstract = {Marine viruses have been identified as key players in biogeochemical cycles and in the termination of phytoplankton blooms; however, most biogeochemical models have yet to resolve viral dynamics. Here, we incorporate a viral component into a 1D ecosystem model to explore the influence of viruses on ecosystem dynamics under current and future climatic conditions in a coastal ocean. Virus-phytoplankton interactions and zooplankton grazing were mechanistically described through size-based contact rates. The model demonstrated that the presence of viruses increased nutrient retention in the upper water column. This corresponded to a reduction in phytoplankton biomass, production of dead organic matter and transfer of biomass to higher trophic levels. Viral presence played a key role in deeper water layers, near the thermocline. While warming alone reversed these trends, the combination of warming and viral presence enhanced the effect of viruses, indicative of synergistic interaction. Our results highlight the need of incorporating viral dynamics in the existing marine ecosystem models to better predict ecosystem responses to climate change.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110550} (DOI). Krishna, S.; Peterson, V.; Listmann, L.; Hinners, J.: Interactive effects of viral lysis and warming in a coastal ocean identified from an idealized ecosystem model. Ecological Modelling. 2024. vol. 487, 110550. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110550}}
@misc{minutolo_sedimentary_mud_2024, 
author={Minutolo, F.,Dähnke, K.,Metzke, M.,Holtappels, M.,Neumann, A.},
title={Sedimentary mud and phaeophytin-a are reliable predictors of oxygen consumption and nitrogen turnover in the southern North Sea},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2023.105161},
abstract = {Coastal systems are exposed to variable human uses and anthropogenic pressures, yet they provide valuable ecosystem services. Understanding the benthic processes in these systems is crucial for their effective management and conservation. This study investigates sediment characteristics as proxies for oxygen and nitrogen turnover in coastal, sandy, permeable sediments. We incubated sediment samples to quantify the turnover of ammonium and nitrate and analyzed various sediment properties to determine the most suitable predictors of sediment reactivity. Oxygen consumption rates and rates of ammonium and nitrate turnover strongly correlate with mud content and phaeophytin-a, which are identified as the best proxies for sediment reactivity. Ultimately, our data show that sediment nutrient recycling and turnover is intimately linked to spring primary production in the water column. In order to deduce reaction rates of oxygen, ammonium and nitrate from sediment properties, we provide linear regression coefficients and their uncertainties, enabling access to previous observations that would otherwise remain inaccessible due to missing data. This study provides insights for the development of benthic models that ultimately can be used to assess the impact of anthropogenic pressures on coastal systems. The findings have implications for nutrient management and monitoring in the German Bight, as an improved understanding of sediment reactivity allows for more appropriate and sustainable management and monitoring policies to be implemented.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2023.105161} (DOI). Minutolo, F.; Dähnke, K.; Metzke, M.; Holtappels, M.; Neumann, A.: Sedimentary mud and phaeophytin-a are reliable predictors of oxygen consumption and nitrogen turnover in the southern North Sea. Continental Shelf Research. 2024. vol. 272, 105161. DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2023.105161}}
@misc{farrell_raised_water_2024, 
author={Farrell, E.M.,Neumann, A.,Beermann, J.,Wrede, A.},
title={Raised water temperature enhances benthopelagic links via intensified bioturbation and benthos-mediated nutrient cycling},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17047},
abstract = {Sediment reworking by benthic infauna, namely bioturbation, is of pivotal importance in expansive soft-sediment environments such as the Wadden Sea. Bioturbating fauna facilitate ecosystem functions such as bentho-pelagic coupling and sediment nutrient remineralization capacities. Yet, these benthic fauna are expected to be profoundly affected by current observed rising sea temperatures. In order to predict future changes in ecosystem functioning in soft-sediment environments like the Wadden Sea, knowledge on the underlying processes such as sediment reworking, is crucial. Here, we tested how temperature affects bioturbation and its associated ecosystem processes, such as benthic nutrient fluxes and sediment oxygen consumption, using luminophore tracers and sediment incubation cores. We used a controlled mesocosm experiment set-up with key Wadden Sea benthos species: the burrowing polychaetes Arenicola marina and Hediste diversicolor, the bivalve Cerastoderma edule, and the tube-building polychaete Lanice conchilega. The highest bioturbation rates were observed from A. marina, reaching up to 375 cm2yr−1; followed by H. diversicolor, with 124 cm2yr−1 being the peak bioturbation rate for the ragworm. Additionally, the sediment reworking activity of A. marina facilitated nearly double the amount of silicate efflux compared to any other species. Arenicola marina and H. diversicolor accordingly facilitated stronger nutrient effluxes under a warmer temperature than L. conchilega and C. edule. The oxygen uptake of A. marina and H. diversicolor within the sediment incubation cores was correspondingly enhanced with a higher temperature. Thus, increases in sea temperatures may initially be beneficial to ecosystem functioning in the Wadden Sea as faunal bioturbation is definitely expedited, leading to a tighter coupling between the sediment and overlying water column. The enhanced bioturbation activity, oxygen consumption, and facilitated nutrient effluxes from these invertebrates themselves, will aid in the ongoing high levels of primary productivity and organic matter production.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17047} (DOI). Farrell, E.; Neumann, A.; Beermann, J.; Wrede, A.: Raised water temperature enhances benthopelagic links via intensified bioturbation and benthos-mediated nutrient cycling. PeerJ. 2024. vol. 12, e17047. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17047}}
@misc{taucher_the_appendicularian_2024, 
author={Taucher, J.,Lechtenbörger, A.K.,Bouquet, J.M.,Spisla, C.,Boxhammer, T.,Minutolo, F.,Bach, L.T.,Lohbeck, K.T.,Sswat, M.,Dörner, I.,Ismar-Rebitz, S.M.H.,Thompson, E.M.,Riebesell, U.},
title={The appendicularian Oikopleura dioica can enhance carbon export in a high CO2 ocean},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17020},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17020} (DOI). Taucher, J.; Lechtenbörger, A.; Bouquet, J.; Spisla, C.; Boxhammer, T.; Minutolo, F.; Bach, L.; Lohbeck, K.; Sswat, M.; Dörner, I.; Ismar-Rebitz, S.; Thompson, E.; Riebesell, U.: The appendicularian Oikopleura dioica can enhance carbon export in a high CO2 ocean. Global Change Biology. 2024. vol. 30, no. 1, e17020. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17020}}
@misc{lomas_phytoplankton_optical_2024, 
author={Lomas, M.W.,Neeley, A.R.,Vandermeulen, R.,Mannino, A.,Thomas, C.,Novak, M.G.,Freeman, S.A.},
title={Phytoplankton optical fingerprint libraries for development of phytoplankton ocean color satellite products},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03001-z},
abstract = {Phytoplankton respond to physical and hydrographic forcing on time and space scales up to and including those relevant to climate change. Quantifying changes in phytoplankton communities over these scales is essential for predicting ocean food resources, occurrences of harmful algal blooms, and carbon and other elemental cycles, among other predictions. However, one of the best tools for quantifying phytoplankton communities across relevant time and space scales, ocean color sensors, is constrained by its own spectral capabilities and availability of adequately vetted and relevant optical models. To address this later shortcoming, greater than fifty strains of phytoplankton, from a range of taxonomic lineages, geographic locations, and time in culture, alone and in mixtures, were grown to exponential and/or stationary phase for determination of hyperspectral UV-VIS absorption coefficients, multi-angle and multi-spectral backscatter coefficients, volume scattering functions, particle size distributions, pigment content, and fluorescence. The aim of this publication is to share these measurements to expedite their utilization in the development of new optical models for the next generation of ocean color satellites.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03001-z} (DOI). Lomas, M.; Neeley, A.; Vandermeulen, R.; Mannino, A.; Thomas, C.; Novak, M.; Freeman, S.: Phytoplankton optical fingerprint libraries for development of phytoplankton ocean color satellite products. Scientific Data. 2024. vol. 11, 168. DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03001-z}}
@misc{olivier_late_summer_2024, 
author={Olivier, L.,Reverdin, G.,Boutin, J.,Iudicone, D.,Laxenaire, R.,Pesant, S.,Calil, P.H.R.,Horstmann, J.,Couet, D.,Erta, J.M.,Huber, P.,Sarmento, H.,Freire, A.,Koch-Larrouy, A.,Vergely, J.L.,Rousselot, P.,Speich, S.},
title={Late summer northwestward Amazon plume pathway under the action of the North Brazil Current rings},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114165},
abstract = {The North Brazil Current (NBC) flows offshore of the mouth of the Amazon River and seasonally sheds anticyclonic rings (NBC rings) that propagate northwestward and interact with the Amazon River plume (ARP). Mesoscale features have a high temporal variability that is hard to monitor from current weekly and monthly sea surface salinity (SSS) satellite fields. Novel SSS fields with a higher temporal resolution analyzed together with satellite geostrophic currents, chlorophyll-a, and wind speed and in-situ data from the “Microbiomes cruise” on the SV Tara in August–September 2021 revealed a late summer freshwater pathway, which was not well documented in earlier studies. By combining these datasets, we improved the characterization of summer ARP pathways. In 2021, the ARP was a succession of freshwater patches cut off from the main plume by the NBC rings. A patch of about 200.000 km2 with salinity <33.5 pss was observed in September 2021, bringing 0.5 Sv of Amazon water northwestward in a period where the mean ocean currents lead to eastward transport. This patch was shallow, very stratified, and it created a surface steric-height anomaly that was identified as an anticyclonic feature in altimetric sea level products. Once separated from the NBC retroflection, it was mainly driven by Ekman currents. Other similar patches were observed during the 2021 summer, leading to a strong intermittency of the ARP transport. They strongly contributed to make 2021 the year with the largest northwestward freshwater transport in late summer within the 2010–2021 time-period investigated. This freshwater transport pathway is important for all plume-related phenomena, and show the ability of combined SMOS and SMAP data to accurately represent the day-to-day SSS variability.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114165} (DOI). Olivier, L.; Reverdin, G.; Boutin, J.; Iudicone, D.; Laxenaire, R.; Pesant, S.; Calil, P.; Horstmann, J.; Couet, D.; Erta, J.; Huber, P.; Sarmento, H.; Freire, A.; Koch-Larrouy, A.; Vergely, J.; Rousselot, P.; Speich, S.: Late summer northwestward Amazon plume pathway under the action of the North Brazil Current rings. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2024. vol. 307, 114165. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2024.114165}}
@misc{souzaneto_the_rio_2024, 
author={Souza-Neto, P.W.M.,da Silveira, I.C.A.,Rocha, C.B.,Lazaneo, C.Z.,Calil, P.H.R.},
title={The Rio Grande Rise circulation: Dynamics of an internal tide conversion hotspot in the Southwestern Atlantic},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103264},
abstract = {The Rio Grande Rise (RGR) is a plateau located at 31°S in the Southwestern Atlantic, rising from 5916 m up to 161 m below the sea level. The RGR is an important site for future mining of Fe-Mn crusts and can lead to an expansion of Brazil’s Exclusive Economic Zone. The Cruzeiro do Sul Rift (CSR) fault cuts through the RGR from southeast to northwest. In this study we characterize the RGR circulation, showing that M2 tides are the main source of variability in the region, with an amplitude that can reach 0.3 m s−1, larger than the mean flow. These M2 tides are dominated by the baroclinic component and intensified near the bottom. The generation of M2 internal tides occurs mainly in the CSR slopes, with most energy converted from the barotropic tide being radiated away in the form of tidal beams. In addition, the impingement of the mean southern South Equatorial Current and tidal rectification generates anticyclonic circulations around the RGR peaks, with the latter mechanism being responsible for a bottom intensified anticyclonic circulation of 0.2 m s−1. Finally, our results reveal that the RGR is a hotspot of internal tide generation in the Southwestern Atlantic.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103264} (DOI). Souza-Neto, P.; da Silveira, I.; Rocha, C.; Lazaneo, C.; Calil, P.: The Rio Grande Rise circulation: Dynamics of an internal tide conversion hotspot in the Southwestern Atlantic. Progress in Oceanography. 2024. vol. 224, 103264. DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103264}}
@misc{rhl_storm_events_2024, 
author={Rühl, S.,Möller, K.O.},
title={Storm events alter marine snow fluxes in stratified marine environments},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108767},
abstract = {Marine snow is an important part of the biological pump and marine food web, and although previous research has provided a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms of marine snow dynamics in general, there is still a knowledge gap concerning extreme conditions, such as storm events. Storms are predicted to increase in magnitude and frequency in the future, and could potentially have a large impact on marine snow dynamics. For these reasons, we assessed the effects of storm events on marine snow dynamics in the Baltic Sea, an area chosen due to its well-studied and stable stratified conditions outside of meteorologically extreme events. The combination of in-situ imaging and biogeochemical environmental data from three different years facilitates an assessment of storm event impacts, while simultaneously excluding the possibility that patterns in particle distribution and abundances were due to other environmental influences. The results show that extreme meteorological events such as storms can increase the abundance of marine snow in stratified marine environments by a factor of 10 or more. The particles are distributed more widely and are larger, brighter, rounder and less complexly shaped. In non-extreme conditions, particles have been observed to deposit along the density gradients in thin-layer aggregations. This study indicates that storms can episodically disrupt these formations, thereby altering vertical flux and export potentials across stratification boundaries. In addition, we observed that marine snow abundances are drastically higher in the aftermath of storm events than under calm conditions, potentially due to the disaggregation of larger particles and lateral import of resuspended matter from shallower areas. In light of the increased frequency and magnitude of storms in the future due to climate change, our findings indicate that marine snow dynamics in stratified environments might be altered permanently.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108767} (DOI). Rühl, S.; Möller, K.: Storm events alter marine snow fluxes in stratified marine environments. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2024. vol. 302, 108767. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108767}}
@misc{strauss_potential_nitrogen_2024, 
author={Strauss, J.,Marushchak, M.E.,van Delden, L.,Sanders, T.,Biasi, C.,Voigt, C.,Jongejans, L.L.,Treat, C.},
title={Potential nitrogen mobilisation from the Yedoma permafrost domain},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad3167},
abstract = {Permafrost regions, characterised by extensive belowground excess ice, are highly vulnerable to rapid thaw, particularly in areas such as the Yedoma domain. This region is known to freeze-lock a globally significant stock of soil nitrogen (N). However, the fate of this N upon permafrost thaw remains largely unknown. In this study, we assess the impact of climate warming on the size and dynamics of the soil N pool in (sub-)Arctic ecosystems, drawing upon recently published data and literature. Our findings suggest that climate warming and increased thaw depths will result in an expansion of the reactive soil N pool due to the larger volume of (seasonally) thawed soil. Dissolved organic N emerges as the predominant N form for rapid cycling within (sub-)Arctic ecosystems. The fate of newly thawed N from permafrost is primarily influenced by plant uptake, microbial immobilisation, changes in decomposition rates due to improved N availability, as well as lateral flow. The Yedoma domain contains substantial N pools, and the partial but increasing thaw of this previously frozen N has the potential to amplify climate feedbacks through additional nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Our ballpark estimate indicates that the Yedoma domain may contribute approximately 6% of the global annual rate of N2O emissions from soils under natural vegetation. However, the released soil N could also mitigate climate feedbacks by promoting enhanced vegetation carbon uptake. The likelihood and rate of N2O production are highest in permafrost thaw sites with intermediate moisture content and disturbed vegetation, but accurately predicting future landscape and hydrology changes in the Yedoma domain remains challenging. Nevertheless, it is evident that the permafrost-climate feedback will be significantly influenced by the quantity and mobilisation state of this unconsidered N pool.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad3167} (DOI). Strauss, J.; Marushchak, M.; van Delden, L.; Sanders, T.; Biasi, C.; Voigt, C.; Jongejans, L.; Treat, C.: Potential nitrogen mobilisation from the Yedoma permafrost domain. Environmental Research Letters. 2024. vol. 19, 043002. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ad3167}}
@misc{siems_dissolved_trace_2024, 
author={Siems, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Sanders, T.,Pröfrock, D.},
title={Dissolved trace elements and nutrients in the North Sea – a current baseline},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12675-2},
abstract = {Primary production is an important driver of marine carbon storage. Besides the major nutrient elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon, primary production also depends on the availability of nutrient-type metals (e.g., Cu, Fe, Mo) and the absence of toxicologically relevant metals (e.g., Ni, Pb). Especially in coastal oceans, carbon storage and export to the open ocean is highly variable and influenced by anthropogenic eutrophication and pollution. To model future changes in coastal carbon storage processes, a solid baseline of nutrient and metal concentrations is crucial. The North Sea is an important shelf sea, influenced by riverine, atmospheric, Baltic Sea, and North Atlantic inputs. We measured the concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NH4+, NO3−, PO43−, and SiO44−) and 26 metals in 337 water samples from various depths within the entire North Sea and Skagerrak. A principal component analysis enabled us to categorize the analytes into three groups according to their predominant behavior: tracers for seawater (e.g., Mo, U, V), recycling (e.g., NO3−, PO43−, SiO44−), and riverine or anthropogenic input (e.g., Ni, Cu, Gd). The results further indicate an increasing P-limitation and increasing anthropogenic gadolinium input into the German Bight.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12675-2} (DOI). Siems, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Sanders, T.; Pröfrock, D.: Dissolved trace elements and nutrients in the North Sea – a current baseline. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2024. vol. 196, 539. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12675-2}}
@misc{kordubel_improving_the_2024, 
author={Kordubel, K.,Baschek, B.,Hieronymi, M.,Voynova, Y.G.,Möller, K.O.},
title={Improving the sampling of red Noctiluca scintillans to understand its impact on coastal ecosystem dynamics},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbae010},
abstract = {Recently, natural and anthropogenic pressures caused an apparent increase in the frequency and spread of red Noctiluca scintillans (RNS) blooms. Here, we describe this potential expansion and the associated environmental factors based on an extensive literature review (1857–2023). Our analysis suggests that Noctiluca increased over time in several Australian, Chinese and European coastal regions. We point to eutrophication, ocean warming and deoxygenation as possible drivers of these intensifications. Moreover, we demonstrate Noctiluca’s importance for coastal ecosystems: with competitive advantages causing fast and intense blooms, Noctiluca has the potential to alter plankton communities, influencing productivity in affected areas. Throughout our analysis, we identified major knowledge gaps that are relevant to assess Noctiluca: (i) challenges in determining its spatiotemporal evolution; (ii) limited knowledge about drivers triggering and ending blooms; (iii) scarce information about feeding, reproduction and interaction in situ and (iv) uncertainty regarding its contribution to carbon export. We hypothesize that these gaps are related to limitations in traditional sampling techniques, and we highlight the need for a holistic approach combining traditional with novel techniques like remote sensing and underwater cameras. Our suggested approach could help filling the identified gaps and facilitate predictions of bloom dynamics and impacts under future climate conditions.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbae010} (DOI). Kordubel, K.; Baschek, B.; Hieronymi, M.; Voynova, Y.; Möller, K.: Improving the sampling of red Noctiluca scintillans to understand its impact on coastal ecosystem dynamics. Journal of Plankton Research. 2024. vol. 46, no. 3, 251-271. DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbae010}}
@misc{schmidt_understanding_the_2024, 
author={Schmidt, L.,Feital, M.,Cortekar, J.,di Giulio, G.,Engels, A.},
title={Understanding the science-policy interface in urban climate governance from a co-production perspective: Insights from the cases of Hamburg and São Paulo},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103750},
abstract = {Urban governance, the interplay of governmental bodies with other actors shaping decision-making and its implementation, plays a key role for mitigation and adaptation measures in cities. While knowledge co-production is advanced as an instrumental approach to support climate action, a gap between knowledge and implementation persists. The objective of the article is to better understand the complex nature of urban climate governance with which science – through data and people – is expected to interplay with. We introduce a framework, based on the analytical lens of co-production, to unpack the entanglements of rules and norms, interests and visions, knowledge and capacities in a particular local context in order to identify aspects that may encourage meaningful knowledge co-production. We build upon two cities as case studies: Hamburg, Germany and São Paulo, Brazil. We present the results of interviews in dialogue with insights from city documents and an online workshop. We found that even though data and expertise is available, its use remains unsystematic, while climate action is mostly hampered by missing political capacity, silo mentalities, and a structural lack of resources. We identified a paradox where social transformation is addressed by technocratic solutions and a high appreciation for mutual learning in knowledge co-production processes. We conclude that to make use of its transformative potential, the implementation of knowledge co-production for climate action in practice needs to become more holistic. This includes the integration of non-climate information linked to local concerns and values as well as a shift in focus from output to its procedural benefits.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103750} (DOI). Schmidt, L.; Feital, M.; Cortekar, J.; di Giulio, G.; Engels, A.: Understanding the science-policy interface in urban climate governance from a co-production perspective: Insights from the cases of Hamburg and São Paulo. Environmental Science & Policy. 2024. vol. 156, 103750. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103750}}
@misc{tobiashnefeldt_seasonality_rather_2024, 
author={Tobias-Hünefeldt, S.P.,van Beusekom, J.E.E.,Russnak, V.,Dähnke, K.,Streit, W.R.,Grossart, H.P.},
title={Seasonality, rather than estuarine gradient or particle suspension/sinking dynamics, determines estuarine carbon distributions},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171962},
abstract = {Estuaries are important components of the global carbon cycle; exchanging carbon between aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial environments, representing important loci for blue carbon storage and greenhouse gas emissions. However, how estuarine gradients affect sinking/suspended particles, and dissolved organic matter dynamic interactions remains unexplored. We fractionated suspended/sinking particles to assess and characterise carbon fate differences. We investigated bacterial colonisation (SYBR Green I) and exopolymer concentrations (TEP/CSP) with microscopy staining techniques. C/H/N and dry weight analysis identified particle composition differences. Meanwhile, nutrient and carbon analysis, and excitation and emission matrix evaluations with a subsequent parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis characterised dissolved organic matter.,The lack of clear salinity driven patterns in our study are presumably due to strong mixing forces and high particle heterogeneity along the estuary, with only density differences between suspended and sinking particles. Elbe estuary particles' organic portion is made up of marine-like (sinking) and terrestrial-like (suspended) signatures. Salinity did not have a significant role in microbial degradation and carbon composition, although brackish estuary portions were more biologically active. Indicative of increased degradation rates, leading to decreased greenhouse gas emissions, which are especially relevant for estuaries, with their disproportionate greenhouse gas emissions. Bacterial colonisation decreased seawards, indicative of decreased degradation, and shifts in microbial community composition and functions. Our findings span diverse strands of research, concerning steady carbon contributions from both marine and terrestrial sources, carbon aromaticity, humification index, and bioavailability. Their integration highlights the importance of the Elbe estuary as a model system, providing robust information for future policy decisions affecting dissolved and particulate matter dynamics within the Elbe Estuary.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171962} (DOI). Tobias-Hünefeldt, S.; van Beusekom, J.; Russnak, V.; Dähnke, K.; Streit, W.; Grossart, H.: Seasonality, rather than estuarine gradient or particle suspension/sinking dynamics, determines estuarine carbon distributions. Science of the Total Environment. 2024. vol. 926, 171962. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171962}}
@misc{hochfeld_evolutionary_adaptation_2024, 
author={Hochfeld, I.,Hinners, J.},
title={Evolutionary adaptation to steady or changing environments affects competitive outcomes in marine phytoplankton},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12559},
abstract = {The interplay of phytoplankton competition and adaptation affects how phytoplankton, and ultimately marine ecosystems, respond to global warming. However, current ecosystem models that are run under global warming scenarios do not include both processes simultaneously. To fill this gap, we developed an innovative ecosystem model for the Baltic Sea that simulates competition between three phytoplankton functional groups and allows for adaptation to changing temperatures. As adaptation can be affected by the resuspension of dormant resting cells from the sediment, we explicitly implemented this mechanism. We found that resuspension tends to slow down adaptation, and that competition and adaptation influence each other. The outcome of the competition-adaptation interplay depends on environmental conditions. In a steady environment, competition drives adaptation to individual temperature niches to reduce competition pressure. In a changing environment, adaptation allows inferior competitors to mitigate the dominance of preadapted superior competitors. Our results demonstrate that by neglecting adaptation, models can systematically overestimate warming-related changes in taxa dominance. Ecosystem models should include both competition and adaptation to accurately simulate phytoplankton responses to global warming. Our model is ideally suited to integrate emerging evolutionary data based on long-term data series (e.g., from sediment archives) to further improve projections of future ecosystem change.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12559} (DOI). Hochfeld, I.; Hinners, J.: Evolutionary adaptation to steady or changing environments affects competitive outcomes in marine phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography. 2024. vol. 69, no. 5, 1172-1186. DOI: 10.1002/lno.12559}}
@misc{hinners_multitrait_diversification_2024, 
author={Hinners, J.,Argyle, P.A.,Walworth, N.G.,Doblin, M.A.,Levine, N.M.,Collins, S.},
title={Multi-trait diversification in marine diatoms in constant and warmed environments},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.2564},
abstract = {Phytoplankton are photosynthetic marine microbes that affect food webs, nutrient cycles and climate regulation. Their roles are determined by correlated phytoplankton functional traits including cell size, chlorophyll content and cellular composition. Here, we explore patterns of evolution in interrelated trait values and correlations. Because both chance events and natural selection contribute to phytoplankton trait evolution, we used population bottlenecks to diversify six genotypes of Thalassiosirid diatoms. We then evolved them as large populations in two environments. Interspecific variation and within-species evolution were visualized for nine traits and their correlations using reduced axes (a trait-scape). Our main findings are that shifts in trait values resulted in movement of evolving populations within the trait-scape in both environments, but were more frequent when large populations evolved in a novel environment. Which trait relationships evolved was population-specific, but greater departures from ancestral trait correlations were associated with lower population growth rates. There was no single master trait that could be used to understand multi-trait evolution. Instead, repeatable multi-trait evolution occurred along a major axis of variation defined by several diatom traits and trait relationships. Because trait-scapes capture changes in trait relationships and values together, they offer an insightful way to study multi-trait variation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.2564} (DOI). Hinners, J.; Argyle, P.; Walworth, N.; Doblin, M.; Levine, N.; Collins, S.: Multi-trait diversification in marine diatoms in constant and warmed environments. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2024. vol. 291, no. 2019, 20232564. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2564}}
@misc{jiao_the_microbial_2024, 
author={Jiao, N.,Luo, T.,Chen, Q.,Zhao, Z.,Xiao, X.,Liu, J.,Jian, Z.,Xie, S.,Thomas, H.,Herndl, G.J.,Benner, R.,Gonsior, M.,Chen, F.,Cai, W.J.,Robinson, C.},
title={The microbial carbon pump and climate change},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-024-01018-0},
abstract = {The ocean has been a regulator of climate change throughout the history of Earth. One key mechanism is the mediation of the carbon reservoir by refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC), which can either be stored in the water column for centuries or released back into the atmosphere as CO2 depending on the conditions. The RDOC is produced through a myriad of microbial metabolic and ecological processes known as the microbial carbon pump (MCP). Here, we review recent research advances in processes related to the MCP, including the distribution patterns and molecular composition of RDOC, links between the complexity of RDOC compounds and microbial diversity, MCP-driven carbon cycles across time and space, and responses of the MCP to a changing climate. We identify knowledge gaps and future research directions in the role of the MCP, particularly as a key component in integrated approaches combining the mechanisms of the biological and abiotic carbon pumps for ocean negative carbon emissions.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-024-01018-0} (DOI). Jiao, N.; Luo, T.; Chen, Q.; Zhao, Z.; Xiao, X.; Liu, J.; Jian, Z.; Xie, S.; Thomas, H.; Herndl, G.; Benner, R.; Gonsior, M.; Chen, F.; Cai, W.; Robinson, C.: The microbial carbon pump and climate change. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2024. vol. 22, 408–419. DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01018-0}}
@misc{filbeedexter_carbon_export_2024, 
author={Filbee-Dexter, K.,Pessarrodona, A.,Pedersen, M.F.,Wernberg, T.,Duarte, C.M.,Assis, J.,Bekkby, T.,Burrows, M.T.,Carlson, D.F.,Gattuso, J.P.,Gundersen, H.,Hancke, K.,Krumhansl, K.A.,Kuwae, T.,Middelburg, J.J.,Moore, P.J.,Queirós, A.M.,Smale, D.A.,Sousa Pinto, I.,Suzuki, N.,Krause-Jensen, D.},
title={Carbon export from seaweed forests to deep ocean sinks},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01449-7},
abstract = {The coastal ocean represents an important global carbon sink and is a focus for interventions to mitigate climate change and meet the Paris Agreement targets while supporting biodiversity and other ecosystem functions. However, the fate of the flux of carbon exported from seaweed forests—the world’s largest coastal vegetated ecosystem—is a key unknown in marine carbon budgets. Here we provide national and global estimates for seaweed-derived particulate carbon export below 200 m depth, which totalled 3–4% of the ocean carbon sink capacity. We characterized export using models of seaweed forest extent, production and decomposition, as well as shelf–open ocean water exchange. On average, 15% of seaweed production is estimated to be exported across the continental shelf, which equates to 56 TgC yr−1 (range: 10–170 TgC yr−1). Using modelled sequestration timescales below 200 m depth, we estimated that each year, 4–44 Tg seaweed-derived carbon could be sequestered for 100 years. Determining the full extent of seaweed carbon sequestration remains challenging, but critical to guide efforts to conserve seaweed forests, which are in decline globally. Our estimate does not include shelf burial and dissolved and refractory carbon pathways; still it highlights a relevant potential contribution of seaweed to natural carbon sinks.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01449-7} (DOI). Filbee-Dexter, K.; Pessarrodona, A.; Pedersen, M.; Wernberg, T.; Duarte, C.; Assis, J.; Bekkby, T.; Burrows, M.; Carlson, D.; Gattuso, J.; Gundersen, H.; Hancke, K.; Krumhansl, K.; Kuwae, T.; Middelburg, J.; Moore, P.; Queirós, A.; Smale, D.; Sousa Pinto, I.; Suzuki, N.; Krause-Jensen, D.: Carbon export from seaweed forests to deep ocean sinks. Nature Geoscience. 2024. vol. 17, 552–559. DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01449-7}}
@misc{bi_holistic_optical_2024, 
author={Bi, S.,Hieronymi, M.},
title={Holistic optical water type classification for ocean, coastal, and inland waters},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12606},
abstract = {Water constituents exhibit diverse optical properties across ocean, coastal, and inland waters, which alter their remote-sensing reflectance obtained via satellites. Optical water type (OWT) classifications utilized in satellite data processing aim to mitigate optical complexity by identifying fitting ocean color algorithms tailored to each water type. This facilitates comprehension of biogeochemical cycles ranging from local to global scales. Previous OWT frameworks have focused narrowly on either oceanic or inland waters and have relied too heavily on specific data collections. We propose a novel holistic OWT framework applicable to all natural waters, based on state-of-the-art bio-geo-optical modeling and radiative transfer simulations that encompass different phytoplankton groups. This framework employs a “knowledge-driven” paradigm, combining domain knowledge and insights from previous studies to simulate the reflectance spectrum from water constituent concentrations and inherent optical properties. Our method extracts optical variables to represent the full spectrum of reflectance, consolidating both spectral shape and magnitude. We apply the framework utilizing diverse in situ, synthetic, and satellite data (Sentinel-3 OLCI) and demonstrate its better classifiability than other frameworks. This framework lays the foundation for comprehensive global monitoring of natural waters.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12606} (DOI). Bi, S.; Hieronymi, M.: Holistic optical water type classification for ocean, coastal, and inland waters. Limnology and Oceanography. 2024. vol. 69, no. 7, 1547-1561. DOI: 10.1002/lno.12606}}
@misc{rttgers_measurement_of_2024, 
author={Röttgers, R.,Novak, M.G.,Belz, M.},
title={Measurement of light absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter using a type-II liquid capillary waveguide: assessment of an achievable accuracy},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.516580},
abstract = {Light absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the ocean is often measured using liquid waveguide capillary cells coupled to spectral array detectors. This type of optical setup is affected by several sources of uncertainties related to the waveguide and the detector. Uncertainties from the waveguide arise from errors in the effective path length and the effects of water salinity, while errors related to the detector are due to the non-linearity in the response, internal stray light, and wavelength accuracy. Here, uncertainties in the measurements of the spectral absorption coefficient of CDOM due to the optical setup itself were investigated in detail. The related systematic errors were very often significant (2–15%) and larger than expected from simple measurement uncertainty (±1%). However, they can be corrected by characterizing the detector’s response for non-linearity and stray light, regularly performing calibrations for the detector’s wavelength response, and routinely measuring the waveguide’s effective path length. Including such corrections and timely calibrations reduces the uncertainties related to the spectrophotometric measurements to about ±2%. Uncertainties related to the necessary handling of samples are not included here.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.516580} (DOI). Röttgers, R.; Novak, M.; Belz, M.: Measurement of light absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter using a type-II liquid capillary waveguide: assessment of an achievable accuracy. Applied Optics. 2024. vol. 63, no. 14, 3811-3824. DOI: 10.1364/AO.516580}}
@misc{vandam_towards_a_2024, 
author={Van Dam, B.,Helfer, V.,Kaiser, D.,Sinemus, E.,Staneva, J.,Zimmer, M.},
title={Towards a fair, reliable, and practical verification framework for Blue Carbon-based CDR},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad5fa3},
abstract = {While the (re-)establishment of Blue Carbon Ecosystems (BCE) is seen as an important tool to mitigate climate change, the credibility of such nature-based solutions has been marred by recent revelations ranging from weak accounting to malpractice. In light of this, there is a clear need to develop monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) systems towards the reliable, practical, and accurate accounting of additional and durable carbon dioxide removal (CDR). We propose the development of a Blue Carbon Ecosystem Digital Twin (BCE-DT) as a practical solution, integrating real-time data and models into What-If Scenarios of CDR aimed at the quantification of CDR additionality and durability. Critically, such a solution would be amenable to projects across a broad range in spatial scale and ecosytem type. In parallel, we propose the creation of an independent and not-for-profit Standards Development Organization (SDO) for the management of this Digital Twin and oversight of the certification process based on MRV. Considering the interwoven nature of the scientific and policy/legal needs we raise, an improved dialogue and collaboration between the scientific and policy communities is clearly needed. We argue that this BCE-DT, along with its oversight and implementation by a SDO, would fit this niche and support the fair and accurate implementation of MRV critically needed for BCE-based CDR to proceed.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad5fa3} (DOI). Van Dam, B.; Helfer, V.; Kaiser, D.; Sinemus, E.; Staneva, J.; Zimmer, M.: Towards a fair, reliable, and practical verification framework for Blue Carbon-based CDR. Environmental Research Letters. 2024. vol. 19, 081004. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5fa3}}
@misc{martens_metabarcoding_reveals_2024, 
author={Martens, N.,Russnak, V.,Woodhouse, J.,Grossart, H.P.,Schaum, C.E.},
title={Metabarcoding reveals Cryptophyceae and picophytoplankton as key groups of phytoplankton in the Elbe estuary},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.119126},
abstract = {In estuaries, phytoplankton are faced with strong environmental forcing (e.g. high turbidity, salinity gradients). Taxa that appear under such conditions may play a critical role in maintaining food webs and biological carbon pumping, but knowledge about estuarine biota remains limited. This is also the case in the Elbe estuary where the lower 70 km of the water body are largely unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the phytoplankton composition in the Elbe estuary via metabarcoding. Our aim was to identify key taxa in the unmonitored reaches of this ecosystem and compare our results from the monitored area with available microscopy data. Phytoplankton communities followed distinct seasonal and spatial patterns. Community composition was similar across methods. Contributions of key classes and genera were correlated to each other (p < 0.05) when obtained from reads and biovolume (R2 = 0.59 and 0.33, respectively). Centric diatoms (e.g. Stephanodiscus) were the dominant group - comprising on average 55 % of the reads and 66–69 % of the biovolume. However, results from metabarcoding imply that microscopy underestimates the prevalence of picophytoplankton and flagellates with a potential for mixotrophy (e.g. cryptophytes). This might be due to their small size and sensitivity to fixation agents. We argue that mixotrophic flagellates are ecologically relevant in the mid to lower estuary, where, e.g., high turbidity render living conditions rather unfavorable, and skills such as phagotrophy provide fundamental advantages. Nevertheless, further findings - e.g. important taxa missing from the metabarcoding dataset - emphasize potential limitations of this method and quantitative biases can result from varying numbers of gene copies in different taxa. Further research should address these methodological issues but also shed light on the causal relationship of taxa with the environmental conditions, also with respect to active mixotrophic behavior.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.119126} (DOI). Martens, N.; Russnak, V.; Woodhouse, J.; Grossart, H.; Schaum, C.: Metabarcoding reveals Cryptophyceae and picophytoplankton as key groups of phytoplankton in the Elbe estuary. Environmental Research. 2024. vol. 252, Part 4, 119126. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119126}}
@misc{novak_hyperspectral_measurements_2024, 
author={Novak, M.G.,Burmeister, H.,Röttgers, R.},
title={Hyperspectral measurements of light backscattering by particles in water with a fixed angle setup: proof of concept and instrument calibration},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.529061},
abstract = {The light backscatter signal is the fraction of light scattered at angles greater than 90 degrees with respect to the direction of the incident light. Optical remote sensing platforms collect this signal, which, when measured from the ocean, holds crucial information about its constituents. Interpretation of this signal demands a rigorous understanding of scattering by water and by particles in water. Previous backscatter measurements have mainly focused on resolving the angular distribution of scattering with much less attention given to resolving the wavelength component of backscatter. Most heritage sensors have looked at most 9 wavelengths of light at one scattering angle. Just recently an in situ sensor was presented that can measure backscattering with a 10 nm resolution. Here, we present a laboratory hyperspectral backscatter setup capable of measuring from the ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths (320 - 850 nm) at 2 nm resolution.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.529061} (DOI). Novak, M.; Burmeister, H.; Röttgers, R.: Hyperspectral measurements of light backscattering by particles in water with a fixed angle setup: proof of concept and instrument calibration. Optics Express. 2024. vol. 32, no. 13, 23722-23735. DOI: 10.1364/OE.529061}}
@misc{vankatwijk_seagrass_recovery_2024, 
author={van Katwijk, M.M.,van Beusekom, J.E.E.,Folmer, E.O.,Kolbe, K.,de Jong, D.J.,Dolch, T.},
title={Seagrass recovery trajectories and recovery potential in relation to nutrient reduction},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14704},
abstract = {1. Seagrass recovery has been reported across the globe where previously eutrophied waters have become less nutrient-rich. In the European Wadden Sea, different recovery trajectories were found after riverine nutrient loads decreased, namely full, temporary and no recovery. We compiled intertidal seagrass presence (Zostera noltei and Z. marina) and eutrophication data for 1930–2020, to relate the seagrass trajectories and regional eutrophication differences to riverine nutrient loads, and inferred prospects for seagrass recovery.,2. Seagrass fully recovered in the less eutrophic North Frisian region. The recovery trajectory was tightly coupled to riverine nutrient load reduction. Relative seagrass area (meadow area/region area) dropped from 10% prior to eutrophication to 2% during the eutrophication peak, increased to 7% during the nutrient reduction period and subsequently expanded to 13%. Colonization of marginal habitats was observed, indicating propagule spillover from neighbouring meadows.,3. The more eutrophic southern regions showed no or only temporary seagrass recovery. Prospects for (limited) recovery are good in only two out of four southern regions, provided that riverine nutrient loads are further reduced by ~40% (reference: 2010–2017). Without this reduction, seagrasses may only temporarily recover and will remain vulnerable to erratic disturbances like macroalgae accumulation or storms.,4. Historical evidence and application of habitat suitability models suggest that the potential relative seagrass area in the southern regions is low: less than 0.2% in the western Dutch region and maximum 2.4% in the Ems-Jade region.,5. Synthesis and applications. Within a large seascape (15,000 km2) the least eutrophicated region showed seagrass recovery upon nutrient reduction. We translated the critical riverine nutrient loads for this recovery, via regional eutrophication indicators, to loads that may enable a sustained recovery in the other regions. This technique is applicable in other complex systems, provided sufficient historical data are available. Propagule spillover exerts a positive feedback at metapopulation scale leading to acceleration of recovery. Occupied and potential seagrass habitat (e.g. assessed by the maximum recorded area in the past) are thus important landscape selection criteria for restoration, particularly when eutrophication is not yet sufficiently reduced.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14704} (DOI). van Katwijk, M.; van Beusekom, J.; Folmer, E.; Kolbe, K.; de Jong, D.; Dolch, T.: Seagrass recovery trajectories and recovery potential in relation to nutrient reduction. The Journal of Applied Ecology. 2024. vol. 61, no. 8, 1784-1804. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14704}}
@misc{kamjunke_complete_exhaustion_2024, 
author={Kamjunke, N.,Sanders, T.},
title={Complete exhaustion of dissolved nutrients in a large lowland river},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12834-5},
abstract = {Riverine phytoplankton takes up phosphate, dissolved silicate, and nitrate. We investigated which nutrients are depleted during a Lagrangian sampling in the free-flowing part of the River Elbe in 2023. As part of this study, we tested the hypotheses that nutrient depletion might be caused by (1) above-average phytoplankton biomass or by (2) decreased nutrient load of the river during previous years. Phytoplankton biomass increased up to 350 km in rivers and stopped increasing exactly when soluble reactive phosphorus had been completely consumed, and molar carbon to phosphorus ratios of seston indicated the beginning phosphorus limitation. The concentrations of dissolved silicate and nitrate dropped below the detection limit as well. In contrast to the results from eight previous longitudinal samplings taken in 2018–2022, nitrate exhaustion was detected for the first time in 2023 within the transect. This was caused neither by an above-average phytoplankton biomass nor by a declined overall nutrient load of the river in 2018–2023. Instead, denitrification appears to be the most plausible explanation for the downstream decrease of nitrate and the loss of total nitrogen which was supported by enrichment of nitrate stable isotopes and a decreasing ratio of nitrate 15N/18O.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12834-5} (DOI). Kamjunke, N.; Sanders, T.: Complete exhaustion of dissolved nutrients in a large lowland river. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2024. vol. 196, 660. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12834-5}}
@misc{ogashawara_unleashing_the_2024, 
author={Ogashawara, I.,Wollrab, S.,Berger, S.A.,Kiel, C.,Jechow, A.,Guislain, A.L.N.,Gege, P.,Ruhtz, T.,Hieronymi, M.,Schneider, T.,Lischeid, G.,Singer, G.A.,Hölker, F.,Grossart, H.P,Nejstgaard, J.C.},
title={Unleashing the Power of Remote Sensing Data in Aquatic Research: Guidelines for Optimal Utilization},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10427},
abstract = {The growing utilization of remote sensing data in lake studies provides crucial spatial insights into biogeochemistry and biology. However, clarity regarding the development and intended use of remote sensing products is often lacking. This letter aims to elucidate the tradeoffs for the utilization of remote sensing data in limnological studies with an example of based on the estimation of chlorophyll a due to its importance as a water quality indicator. The analysis initiates with a meticulous product selection, requiring an evaluation of its capacity to address the optical complexity of freshwater systems. Assessing atmospheric correction and product limitations ensures alignment with the study's objectives. Subsequently, rigorous validation of remote sensing products is essential, accompanied by a cautious interpretation of the data. This letter advocates for the use of remote sensing data, offering key strategies for their optimal utilization in lake studies.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10427} (DOI). Ogashawara, I.; Wollrab, S.; Berger, S.; Kiel, C.; Jechow, A.; Guislain, A.; Gege, P.; Ruhtz, T.; Hieronymi, M.; Schneider, T.; Lischeid, G.; Singer, G.; Hölker, F.; Grossart, H.; Nejstgaard, J.: Unleashing the Power of Remote Sensing Data in Aquatic Research: Guidelines for Optimal Utilization. Limnology and Oceanography Letters. 2024. vol. 9, no. 6, 667-673. DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10427}}
@misc{ingeniero_dissolved_nitric_2024, 
author={Ingeniero, R.C.O.,Schulz, G.,Bange, H.W.},
title={Dissolved nitric oxide in the lower Elbe Estuary and the Port of Hamburg area},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3425-2024},
abstract = {Nitric oxide (NO) is an intermediate of various microbial nitrogen cycle processes, and the open-ocean and coastal areas are generally a source of NO to the atmosphere. However, our knowledge about its distribution and the main production processes in coastal areas and estuaries is rudimentary at best. To this end, dissolved NO concentrations were measured for the first time in surface waters along the lower Elbe Estuary and Port of Hamburg area in July 2021. The discrete surface water samples were analyzed using a chemiluminescence NO analyzer connected to a stripping unit. The NO concentrations ranged from below the limit of detection (9.1 pM) to 17.7 pM, averaging 12.5 pM, and were supersaturated in the surface layer of both the lower Elbe Estuary and the Port of Hamburg area, indicating that the study site was a source of NO to the atmosphere during the study period. On the basis of a comprehensive comparison of NO concentrations with parallel nutrient, oxygen, and nitrous oxide concentration measurements, we conclude that the observed distribution of dissolved NO most likely resulted from nitrification. In the Port of Hamburg, however, nitrifier denitrification and/or denitrification might also affect the NO distribution.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3425-2024} (DOI). Ingeniero, R.; Schulz, G.; Bange, H.: Dissolved nitric oxide in the lower Elbe Estuary and the Port of Hamburg area. Biogeosciences. 2024. vol. 21, no. 14, 3425–3440. DOI: 10.5194/bg-21-3425-2024}}
@misc{kordubel_longterm_changes_2024, 
author={Kordubel, K.,Martínez-Rincón, R.,Baschek, B.,Boersma, M.,Hieronymi, M.,Johns, D.G.,Kirstein, I.V.,Voynova, Y.G.,Möller, K.O.},
title={Long-term changes in spatiotemporal distribution of Noctiluca scintillans in the southern North Sea},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2024.102699},
abstract = {To assess the spatiotemporal evolution of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans in the North Sea, the Helgoland Roads time series and Continuous Plankton Recorder survey were analysed using generalized additive models. Over the last decades, blooms of N. scintillans have occurred more frequently and intensively in many regions. This harmful algal bloom forming species can alter food webs, reduce ecosystem productivity, and lead to economic losses while causing lower aquacultural yields. After the 1990s, N. scintillans abundances have significantly increased by 1.65-fold and a significant prolongation of the bloom window was found (from 27.5 to 98 days in recent decades) off the island of Helgoland, Germany. Significant correlations were found between bloom initiation and nutrients, as well as light availability since these factors lead to increased prey availability. Highest abundances of N. scintillans were associated with water temperatures around 17 °C and wind speed below 6 ms−1 causing dense surface accumulations. Solar radiation of more than 200 Wm−2 was identified as a main driver for post-bloom conditions as it can deteriorate the cells and lead to the decline of N. scintillans abundances. In the southern North Sea, N. scintillans occurrences have intensified and spread since the 1980s with hotspots identified as the coastal waters adjacent to the estuaries of the Elbe and Rhine rivers.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2024.102699} (DOI). Kordubel, K.; Martínez-Rincón, R.; Baschek, B.; Boersma, M.; Hieronymi, M.; Johns, D.; Kirstein, I.; Voynova, Y.; Möller, K.: Long-term changes in spatiotemporal distribution of Noctiluca scintillans in the southern North Sea. Harmful Algae. 2024. vol. 138, 102699. DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102699}}
@misc{anspertoomsalu_suitability_of_2024, 
author={Ansper-Toomsalu, A.,Uusõue, M.,Kangro, K.,Hieronymi, M.,Alikas, K.},
title={Suitability of different in-water algorithms for eutrophic and absorbing waters applied on Sentinel-2 MSI and Sentinel-3 OLCI data},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2024.1423332},
abstract = {Optically complex waters present significant challenges for remote sensing due to high concentrations of optically active substances (OASs) and their inherent optical properties (IOPs), as well as the adjacency effect. OASs and IOPs can be derived from atmospheric correction processors’ in-water algorithms applied to data from Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (S2 MSI) and Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Color Instrument (S3 OLCI). This study compared S3 OLCI Level-2 in-water products for Case-2 waters with alternative in-water algorithms derived from ACOLITE, POLYMER, C2RCC, and A4O. Fifty in-water algorithms were evaluated using an extensive match-up dataset from lakes and coastal areas, focusing particularly on small lakes with high colored dissolved organic matter absorption at 442 nm (up to 48 m-1). The Chl a band ratio introduced by Gons et al. (2022) applied to data processed by ACOLITE performed best for S3 OLCI Chl a retrieval (dispersion = 23%, bias = 10%). Gons et al. (2022) band ratio also showed consistent agreement between S3 OLCI and S2 MSI resampled data (intercept of 6.27 and slope of 0.83, close to the 1:1 line); however, lower Chl a values (<20 mg/m3) were overestimated by S2 MSI. When estimating errors associated with proximity to land, S2 MSI Chl a in-water algorithms had higher errors close to the shore (on average 315%) compared to S3 OLCI (on average 150%). Chl a retrieved with POLYMER had the lowest errors close to the shore for both S2 MSI and S3 OLCI data (on average 70%). Total suspended matter (TSM) retrieval with C2RCC performed well for S2 MSI (dispersion 24% and bias −12%). Total absorption was most accurately derived from C2RCC applied to S3 OLCI L1 data (dispersion < 43% and bias < −39%), and it was better estimated than its individual components: phytoplankton, mineral particles, and colored dissolved organic matter absorption. However, none of the colored dissolved organic matter absorption in-water algorithms performed well (dispersion > 59% and bias < −29%).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2024.1423332} (DOI). Ansper-Toomsalu, A.; Uusõue, M.; Kangro, K.; Hieronymi, M.; Alikas, K.: Suitability of different in-water algorithms for eutrophic and absorbing waters applied on Sentinel-2 MSI and Sentinel-3 OLCI data. Frontiers in Remote Sensing. 2024. vol. 5, 1423332. DOI: 10.3389/frsen.2024.1423332}}
@misc{buschbaum_climate_change_2024, 
author={Buschbaum, C.,Shama, L.N.S.,Amorim, F.L.L.,Brand, S.,Broquard, C.M.A.,Camillini, N.,Cornelius, A.,Dolch, T.,Dummermuth, A.,Feldner, J.,Guignard, M.S.,Habedank, J.,Hoffmann, J.J.L.,Horn, S.,Konyssova, G.,Koop-Jakobsen, K.,Lauerburg, R.,Mehler, K.,Odongo, V.,Petri, M.,Reents, S.,Rick, J.J.,Rubinetti, S.,Salahi, M.,Sander, L.,Sidorenko, V.,Spence-Jones, H.C.,van Beusekom, J.E.E.,Waser, A.M.,Wegner, K.M.,Wiltshire, K.H.},
title={Climate change impacts on a sedimentary coast—a regional synthesis from genes to ecosystems},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-024-01453-5},
abstract = {Climate change effects on coastal ecosystems vary on large spatial scales, but can also be highly site dependent at the regional level. The Wadden Sea in the south-eastern North Sea is warming faster than many other temperate coastal areas, with surface seawater temperature increasing by almost 2 °C over the last 60 years, nearly double the global ocean mean increase. Climate warming is accompanied by rising sea levels, which have increased by approximately 2 mm yr−1 over the last 120 years. For this sedimentary coast, the predicted acceleration of sea-level rise will have profound effects on tidal dynamics and bathymetry in the area. This paper synthesises studies of the effects of ocean warming and sea level rise in the northern Wadden Sea, largely based on research conducted at the Wadden Sea Station Sylt of the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research. An increasing rate of sea level rise above a critical threshold will lead to coastal erosion and changes in sediment composition, and may cause the transition from a tidal to lagoon-like environment as tidal flats submerge. This involves changes to coastal morphology, and the decline of important habitats such as muddy tidal flats, salt marshes and seagrass meadows, as well as their ecological services (e.g. carbon sequestration). Ocean warming affects plankton dynamics and phenology, as well as benthic community structure by hampering cold-adapted but facilitating warm-adapted species. The latter consist mostly of introduced non-native species originating from warmer coasts, with some epibenthic species acting as ecosystem engineers that create novel habitats on the tidal flats. Warming also changes interactions between species by decoupling existing predator–prey dynamics, as well as forming new interactions in which mass mortalities caused by parasites and pathogens can play an understudied but essential role. However, Wadden Sea organisms can adapt to changing abiotic and biotic parameters via genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity, which can also be inherited across generations (transgenerational plasticity), enabling faster plastic responses to future conditions. Important research advances have been made using next-generation molecular tools (-omics), mesocosm experiments simulating future climate scenarios, modelling approaches (ecological network analysis), and internet-based technologies for data collection and archiving. By synthesising these climate change impacts on multiple levels of physical and biological organisation in the northern Wadden Sea, we reveal knowledge gaps that need to be addressed by future investigations and comparative studies in other regions in order to implement management, mitigation and restoration strategies to preserve the uniqueness of this ecosystem of global importance.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-024-01453-5} (DOI). Buschbaum, C.; Shama, L.; Amorim, F.; Brand, S.; Broquard, C.; Camillini, N.; Cornelius, A.; Dolch, T.; Dummermuth, A.; Feldner, J.; Guignard, M.; Habedank, J.; Hoffmann, J.; Horn, S.; Konyssova, G.; Koop-Jakobsen, K.; Lauerburg, R.; Mehler, K.; Odongo, V.; Petri, M.; Reents, S.; Rick, J.; Rubinetti, S.; Salahi, M.; Sander, L.; Sidorenko, V.; Spence-Jones, H.; van Beusekom, J.; Waser, A.; Wegner, K.; Wiltshire, K.: Climate change impacts on a sedimentary coast—a regional synthesis from genes to ecosystems. Marine Biodiversity. 2024. vol. 54, 64. DOI: 10.1007/s12526-024-01453-5}}
@misc{bussmann_influence_of_2024, 
author={Bussmann, I.,Achterberg, E.P.,Brix, H.,Brüggemann, N.,Flöser, G.,Schütze, C.,Fischer, P.},
title={Influence of wind strength and direction on diffusive methane fluxes and atmospheric methane concentrations above the North Sea},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3819-2024},
abstract = {Quantification of the diffusive methane fluxes between the coastal ocean and atmosphere is important to constrain the atmospheric methane budget. The determination of the fluxes in coastal waters is characterized by a high level of uncertainty. To improve the accuracy of the estimation of coastal methane fluxes, high temporal and spatial sampling frequencies of dissolved methane in seawater are required, as well as the quantification of atmospheric methane concentrations, wind speed and wind direction above the ocean. In most cases, these atmospheric data are obtained from land-based atmospheric and meteorological monitoring stations in the vicinity of the coastal ocean methane observations. In this study, we measured wind speed, wind direction and atmospheric methane directly on board three research vessels in the southern North Sea and compared the local and remote atmospheric and meteorological measurements on the quality of the flux data. In addition, we assessed the source of the atmospheric methane measured in the study area in the German Bight using air mass back-trajectory assessments. The choice of the wind speed data source had a strong impact on the flux calculations. Fluxes based on wind data from nearby weather stations amounted to only 58 ± 34 % of values based on in situ data. Using in situ data, we calculated an average diffusive methane sea-to-air flux of 221 ± 351 µmol m−2 d−1 (n = 941) and 159 ± 444 µmol m−2 d−1 (n = 3028) for our study area in September 2019 and 2020, respectively. The area-weighted diffusive flux for the entire area of Helgoland Bay (3.78 × 109 m2) was 836 ± 97 and 600 ± 111 kmol d−1 for September 2019 and 2020, respectively. Using the median value of the diffusive fluxes for these extrapolations resulted in much lower values compared to area-weighted extrapolations or mean-based extrapolations. In general, at high wind speeds, the surface water turbulence is enhanced, and the diffusive flux increases. However, this enhanced methane input is quickly diluted within the air mass. Hence, a significant correlation between the methane flux and the atmospheric concentration was observed only at wind speeds < 5 m s−1. The atmospheric methane concentration was mainly influenced by the wind direction, i.e., the origin of the transported air mass. Air masses coming from industrial regions resulted in elevated atmospheric methane concentrations, while air masses coming from the North Sea transported reduced methane levels. With our detailed study on the spatial distribution of methane fluxes we were able to provide a detailed and more realistic estimation of coastal methane fluxes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3819-2024} (DOI). Bussmann, I.; Achterberg, E.; Brix, H.; Brüggemann, N.; Flöser, G.; Schütze, C.; Fischer, P.: Influence of wind strength and direction on diffusive methane fluxes and atmospheric methane concentrations above the North Sea. Biogeosciences. 2024. vol. 21, no. 16, 3819–3838. DOI: 10.5194/bg-21-3819-2024}}
@misc{johnson_can_coastal_2024, 
author={Johnson, M.,van Doorn, E.,Hilmi, N.,Marandino, C.,McDonald, N.,Thomas, H.,Allemand, D.,Algarin, L.D.,Lebleu, L.,Ho, D.T.,Oloyede, M.,Safa, A.,Swarzenski, P.},
title={Can coastal and marine carbon dioxide removal help to close the emissions gap? Scientific, legal, economic, and governance considerations},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2023.00071},
abstract = {In this Policy Bridge, we present the key issues regarding the safety, efficacy, funding, and governance of coastal and marine systems in support of climate change mitigation. Novel insights into the likely potential of these systems for use in mitigating excess carbon dioxide emissions are presented. There may be potential for coastal blue carbon and marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) actions to impact climate change mitigation significantly over the rest of the 21st century, particularly post 2050. However, governance frameworks are needed urgently to ensure that the potential contribution from coastal and ocean systems to climate change mitigation can be evaluated properly and implemented safely. Ongoing research and monitoring efforts are essential to ensure that unforeseen side effects are identified and corrective action is taken. The co-creation of governance frameworks between academia, the private sector, and policymakers will be fundamental to the safe implementation of mCDR in the future. Furthermore, a radical acceleration in the pace of development of mCDR governance is needed immediately if it is to contribute significantly to the removal of excess carbon dioxide emissions by the latter half of this century. To what extent large-scale climate interventions should be pursued is a decision for policymakers and wider society, but adaptive legal, economic, policy, research, and monitoring frameworks are needed urgently to facilitate informed decision-making around any implementation of mCDR in the coming decades. Coastal and ocean systems cannot be relied upon to deliver significant carbon dioxide removal until further knowledge of specific management options is acquired and evaluated.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2023.00071} (DOI). Johnson, M.; van Doorn, E.; Hilmi, N.; Marandino, C.; McDonald, N.; Thomas, H.; Allemand, D.; Algarin, L.; Lebleu, L.; Ho, D.; Oloyede, M.; Safa, A.; Swarzenski, P.: Can coastal and marine carbon dioxide removal help to close the emissions gap? Scientific, legal, economic, and governance considerations. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene. 2024. vol. 12, no. 1, 00071. DOI: 10.1525/elementa.2023.00071}}
@misc{martin_when_to_2024, 
author={Martin, A.P.,Dominguez, A.B.,Baker, C.A.,Baumas, C.M.J.,Bisson, K.M.,Cavan, E.,Freilich, M.,Galbraith, E.,Galí, M.,Henson, S.,Kvale, K.F.,Lemmen, C.,Luo, J.Y.,McMonagle, H.,Viríssimo, F.d.M.,Möller, K.O.,Richon, C.,Suresh, I.,Wilson, J.D.,Woodstock, M.S.,Yool, A.},
title={When to add a new process to a model – and when not: a marine biogeochemical perspective},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2024.110870},
abstract = {Models are critical tools for environmental science. They allow us to examine the limits of what we think we know and to project that knowledge into situations for which we have little or no data. They are by definition simplifications of reality. There are therefore inevitably times when it is necessary to consider adding a new process to a model that was previously omitted. Doing so may have consequences. It can increase model complexity, affect the time a model takes to run, impact the match between the model output and observations, and complicate comparison to previous studies using the model. How a decision is made on whether to add a process is no more objective than how a scientist might design a laboratory experiment. To illustrate this, we report on an event where a broad and diverse group of marine biogeochemists were invited to construct flowcharts to support making the decision of when to include a new process in a model. The flowcharts are used to illustrate both the complexity of factors that modellers must consider prior to making a decision on model development and the diversity of perspectives on how that decision should be reached. The purpose of this paper is not to provide a definitive protocol for making that decision. Instead, we argue that it is important to acknowledge that there is no objectively “best” approach and instead we discuss the flowcharts created as a means of encouraging modellers to think through why and how they are doing something. This may also hopefully guide observational scientists to understand why it may not always be appropriate to include a process they are studying in a model.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2024.110870} (DOI). Martin, A.; Dominguez, A.; Baker, C.; Baumas, C.; Bisson, K.; Cavan, E.; Freilich, M.; Galbraith, E.; Galí, M.; Henson, S.; Kvale, K.; Lemmen, C.; Luo, J.; McMonagle, H.; Viríssimo, F.; Möller, K.; Richon, C.; Suresh, I.; Wilson, J.; Woodstock, M.; Yool, A.: When to add a new process to a model – and when not: a marine biogeochemical perspective. Ecological Modelling. 2024. vol. 498, 110870. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2024.110870}}
@misc{kossack_tidal_impacts_2024, 
author={Kossack, J.,Mathis, M.,Daewel, U.,Liu, F.,Demir, K.T.,Thomas, H.,Schrum, C.},
title={Tidal impacts on air-sea CO2 exchange on the North-West European Shelf},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1406896},
abstract = {Tidal forcing is a dominant physical forcing mechanism on the Northwest European Shelf (NWES) that regulates the mixing-stratification status of the water column and thus acts as a major control for biological productivity and air-sea CO2 exchange. Tides further influence the marine carbon cycle on the shelf by affecting benthic-pelagic coupling, vertical mixing and the large-scale residual circulation. The cumulative tidal impact on oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2 on the NWES, however, remains largely unexplored. We use a coupled physical-biogeochemical ocean model to gain quantitative understanding of the tidal impacts on the air-sea CO2 exchange of the NWES by comparing hindcast simulations with and without tidal forcing. Our results show that tidal forcing weakens the annual oceanic CO2 uptake on the NWES by 0.15 Tmol C yr−1, corresponding to a ~13% stronger CO2 sink in the experiment without tidal forcing. The tide-induced increase in marine primary production demonstrated in earlier studies, which primarily enhances biological carbon fixation in shallow inner-shelf regions of the NWES, does not significantly affect net air-sea CO2 exchange. Instead, we find tidal mixing, tide-induced baroclinic circulation and the tidal impact on benthic-pelagic coupling to be dominant controls of air-sea CO2 exchange. Tidal mixing in the permanently mixed shelf regions accounts for the majority (~40%) of the weakening effect on CO2 uptake, while the modulation of water mass composition in the Celtic Sea by tide-induced baroclinic circulation reduces the uptake further (~33% of the difference in annual mean CO2 uptake). In terms of the shelf carbon budget, the tidal response of air-sea CO2 exchange is primarily mediated by changes to the pelagic DIC reservoir (~73%; −0.11 Tmol C yr−1). Tidal impacts on off-shelf carbon export to the North Atlantic only account for ~20% (−0.03 Tmol C yr−1) of the tidal impact on shelf CO2 uptake, and changes in sedimentation of particulate organic carbon account for the remaining ~7% (−0.01 Tmol C yr−1).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1406896} (DOI). Kossack, J.; Mathis, M.; Daewel, U.; Liu, F.; Demir, K.; Thomas, H.; Schrum, C.: Tidal impacts on air-sea CO2 exchange on the North-West European Shelf. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2024. vol. 11, 1406896. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1406896}}
@misc{zhang_longterm_carbon_2024, 
author={Zhang, W.,Porz, L.,Yilmaz, R.,Wallmann, K.,Spiegel, T.,Neumann, A.,Holtappels, M.,Kasten, S.,Kuhlmann, J.,Ziebarth, N.,Taylor, B.,Ho-Hagemann, H.T.M.,Bockelmann, F.D.,Daewel, U.,Bernhardt, L.,Schrum, C.},
title={Long-term carbon storage in shelf sea sediments reduced by intensive bottom trawling},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01581-4},
abstract = {Bottom trawling represents the most widespread anthropogenic physical disturbance to seafloor sediments on continental shelves. While trawling-induced changes to benthic ecology have been widely recognized, the impacts on long-term organic carbon storage in marine sediments remains uncertain. Here we combined datasets of sediment and bottom trawling for a heavily trawled region, the North Sea, to explore their potential mutual dependency. A pattern emerges when comparing the surface sediment organic carbon-to-mud ratio with the trawling intensity represented by the multi-year averaged swept area ratio. The organic carbon-to-mud ratio exhibits a systematic response to trawling where the swept area ratio is larger than 1 yr−1. Three-dimensional physical–biogeochemical simulation results suggest that the observed pattern is attributed to the correlated dynamics of mud and organic carbon during transport and redeposition in response to trawling. Both gain and loss of sedimentary organic carbon may occur in weakly trawled areas, whereas a net reduction of sedimentary organic carbon is found in intensely trawled grounds. Cessation of trawling allows restoration of sedimentary carbon stock and benthic biomass, but their recovery occurs at different timescales. Our results point out a need for management of intensely trawled grounds to enhance the CO2 sequestration capacity in shelf seas.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01581-4} (DOI). Zhang, W.; Porz, L.; Yilmaz, R.; Wallmann, K.; Spiegel, T.; Neumann, A.; Holtappels, M.; Kasten, S.; Kuhlmann, J.; Ziebarth, N.; Taylor, B.; Ho-Hagemann, H.; Bockelmann, F.; Daewel, U.; Bernhardt, L.; Schrum, C.: Long-term carbon storage in shelf sea sediments reduced by intensive bottom trawling. Nature Geoscience. 2024. vol. 17, 1268-1276. DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01581-4}}
@misc{zeller_the_unique_2024, 
author={Zeller, M.A.,Van Dam, B.R.,Lopes, C.,McKenna, A.M.,Osburn, C.L.,Fourqurean, J.W.,Kominoski, J.S.,Böttcher, M.E.},
title={The unique biogeochemical role of carbonate-associated organic matter in a subtropical seagrass meadow},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01832-7},
abstract = {The particulate organic matter buried in carbonate-rich seagrass ecosystems is an important blue carbon reservoir. While carbonate sediments are affected by alkalinity produced or consumed in seagrass-mediated biogeochemical processes, little is known about the corresponding impact on organic matter. A portion of particulate organic matter is carbonate-associated organic matter. Here, we explore its biogeochemistry in a carbonate seagrass meadow in central Florida Bay, USA. We couple inorganic stable isotope analyses (δ34S, δ18O) with a molecular characterization of dissolved and carbonate associated organic matter (21 tesla Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry). We find that carbonate-associated molecular formulas are highly sulfurized compared to surface water dissolved organic matter, with multiple sulfurization pathways at play. Furthermore, 97% of the formula abundance of surface water dissolved organic matter is shared with carbonate-associated organic matter, indicating connectivity between these two pools. We estimate that 9.2% of the particulate organic matter is carbonate-associated, and readily exchangeable with the broader aquatic system as the sediment dissolves and reprecipitates.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01832-7} (DOI). Zeller, M.; Van Dam, B.; Lopes, C.; McKenna, A.; Osburn, C.; Fourqurean, J.; Kominoski, J.; Böttcher, M.: The unique biogeochemical role of carbonate-associated organic matter in a subtropical seagrass meadow. Communications Earth & Environment. 2024. vol. 5, 681. DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01832-7}}
@misc{deschner_wilmo_an_2024, 
author={Deschner, S.C.,Bojens, G.,Orhan, K.,Nasukha, A.,Voigt, W.},
title={WILMO: an automated profiling system for coastal waters},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1450207},
abstract = {Stationary in situ measurements conducted in close proximity to the shoreline present unique challenges. The shallow depth, automated profiling and accessibility for maintenance, particularly in the context of biofouling, are key considerations. The WInch for Long-term MOnitoring (WILMO), a solution designed to meet these requirements, is therefore presented. The fully automated system keeps the sensitive devices outside of the water until a profiling cycle is initiated, reducing the available settling time for species on the surface of the sensors. The design leverages common hardware and is structured in distinct units. This feature facilitates the interchangeability of individual hardware components and the implementation of a unifying software system capable of simultaneously managing all elements of WILMO. Using wireless broadband communications, WILMO can be fully controlled remotely, allowing for adjustments to the setup and monitoring of system functionality through a special web interface. The data are transmitted to a server with adjustable frequency and a post processing tool prepares them for analysis. The system underwent rigorous testing and demonstrated effective performance in northern Bali, Indonesia, between March and December 2022, gathering physical and biogeochemical time series data. The consistency of the data is validated through comparison with other instruments to ensure data quality. The results obtained are employed to ascertain the suitability of the special flow velocity sensor in this context. WILMO is a demonstrably reliable device, easily manageable and perfectly suited for long-term coastal monitoring.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1450207} (DOI). Deschner, S.; Bojens, G.; Orhan, K.; Nasukha, A.; Voigt, W.: WILMO: an automated profiling system for coastal waters. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2024. vol. 11, 1450207. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1450207}}
@misc{aleku_source_transport_2024, 
author={Aleku, D.L.,Dähnke, K.,Pichler, T.},
title={Source, transport, and fate of nitrate in shallow groundwater in the eastern Niger Delta},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35499-6},
abstract = {The eastern Niger Delta region in Nigeria is a hotspot for reactive nitrogen pollution due to extensive animal husbandry, pit latrine usage, and agricultural practices. Despite the high level of human activity, the sources and processes affecting nitrogen in groundwater remain understudied. Groundwater nitrate (NO3−) concentrations are highly variable, with some areas recording values well above the safe drinking water threshold of 50 mg/L. This is particularly true near municipal sewage systems. Elevated nitrite (NO2−) and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations were also detected in the study area. Sewage analysis revealed NO3− concentrations ranging from 1 to 145 mg/L, NO2− from 0.2 to 2 mg/L, and notably high NH4+ concentrations. A comparison of major ions indicated that 71%, 90%, 87%, and 92% of groundwater samples surpassed reference site levels for calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl−), respectively, pointing to sewage as a likely source of contamination. The NO3−/Cl− ratios at several sites suggested that most groundwater NO3− originates from human waste. Stable isotope analysis of NO3− showed a general enrichment in 15N and, in some cases, a depletion in 18O, indicating that the NO3− originates from sewage-derived NH4+ nitrification. Although denitrification, a process that reduces NO3−, is present, the high dissolved oxygen (DO) and NO3− levels in the groundwater suggest that denitrification is insufficient to fully mitigate NO3− pollution. Consequently, there is a risk of NO3− leaching from shallow aquifers into the Niger Delta’s surface waters and ultimately into the coastal ocean.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35499-6} (DOI). Aleku, D.; Dähnke, K.; Pichler, T.: Source, transport, and fate of nitrate in shallow groundwater in the eastern Niger Delta. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2024. vol. 31, 65034–65050. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35499-6}}
@misc{shi_global_lake_2024, 
author={Shi, W.,Qin, B.,Zhang, Q.,Paerl, H.W.,Van Dam, B.,Jeppesen, E.,Zeng, C.},
title={Global lake phytoplankton proliferation intensifies climate warming},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54926-3},
abstract = {In lakes, phytoplankton sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and store it in the form of biomass organic carbon (OC); however, only a small fraction of the OC remains buried, while the remaining part is recycled to the atmosphere as CO2 and methane (CH4). This has the potential effect of adding CO2-equivalents (CO2-eq) to the atmosphere and producing a warming effect due to the higher radiative forcing of CH4 relative to CO2. Here we show a 3.1-fold increase in CO2-eq emissions over a 100-year horizon, with the effect increasing with global warming intensity. Climate warming has stimulated phytoplankton growth in many lakes worldwide, which, in turn, can feed back CO2-eq and create a positive feedback loop between them. In lakes where phytoplankton is negatively impacted by climate warming, the CO2-eq feedback capacity may diminish gradually with the ongoing climate warming.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54926-3} (DOI). Shi, W.; Qin, B.; Zhang, Q.; Paerl, H.; Van Dam, B.; Jeppesen, E.; Zeng, C.: Global lake phytoplankton proliferation intensifies climate warming. Nature Communications. 2024. vol. 15, 10572. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54926-3}}
@misc{arbic_the_coastal_2024, 
author={Arbic, B.K.,Adjetey, J.,Agyekumhene, A.,Akinwunmi, M.F.,Akita, L.G.,Anderson, L.,Ansong, J.K.,Addo, K.A.,Asamoah, E.K.,Awe, O.O.,Buckingham, C.,Collier, J.,Cotel, A.J.,Damoah, R.,Elegbeleye, O.W.,Farneti, R.,Foster-Martinez, M.,Frank, C.,Howden, S.,Idowu, R.T.,Johnson, W.M.,Kaiser, D.,Knoop, P.,Lamptey, A.M.,Lawal-Are, A.,Lucas, A.J.,Mahu, E.,Martin, P.,Menemenlis, D.,Ayoola, N.O.,Nyadjro, E.S.,Nyarko, E.,Oguguah, N.,Oikonomou, A.,Oladipo, M.,Osborne, T.,Quarcoo, R.K.,Quaye, D.T.,Saba, A.O.,Simon, A.C.,Sogbanmu, T.O.,Tsei, S.,Vagenas, G.},
title={The Coastal Ocean Environment Summer School In Nigeria and Ghana: The value of long-term, sustained capacity sharing},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2025.116},
abstract = {The Coastal Ocean Environment Summer School In Nigeria and Ghana (COESSING; https://coessing.org) has been run for one week every year since 2015. The school, an endorsed project of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030), has provided a platform for approximately 1,000 scientists from Africa, the United States, and Europe to exchange scientific knowledge, to network, to learn, and to collaborate. Our interdisciplinary, multicultural, and multi-institutional approach offers a model for knowledge exchange across the globe and across different educational levels.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2025.116} (DOI). Arbic, B.; Adjetey, J.; Agyekumhene, A.; Akinwunmi, M.; Akita, L.; Anderson, L.; Ansong, J.; Addo, K.; Asamoah, E.; Awe, O.; Buckingham, C.; Collier, J.; Cotel, A.; Damoah, R.; Elegbeleye, O.; Farneti, R.; Foster-Martinez, M.; Frank, C.; Howden, S.; Idowu, R.; Johnson, W.; Kaiser, D.; Knoop, P.; Lamptey, A.; Lawal-Are, A.; Lucas, A.; Mahu, E.; Martin, P.; Menemenlis, D.; Ayoola, N.; Nyadjro, E.; Nyarko, E.; Oguguah, N.; Oikonomou, A.; Oladipo, M.; Osborne, T.; Quarcoo, R.; Quaye, D.; Saba, A.; Simon, A.; Sogbanmu, T.; Tsei, S.; Vagenas, G.: The Coastal Ocean Environment Summer School In Nigeria and Ghana: The value of long-term, sustained capacity sharing. Oceanography. 2024. vol. 38, no. 1, 21. DOI: 10.5670/oceanog.2025.116}}
@misc{hochfeld_phytoplankton_adaptation_2024, 
author={Hochfeld, I.,Hinners, J.},
title={Phytoplankton adaptation to steady or changing environments affects marine ecosystem functioning},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1246},
abstract = {Global warming poses a major threat to marine ecosystems, which fulfill important functions for humans and the climate. Ecosystem models are therefore increasingly used to estimate future changes in the functioning of marine ecosystems. However, projections differ notably between models. We propose that a major uncertainty factor in current models is that they ignore the high adaptive potential of phytoplankton, key players in marine ecosystems. Here, we use a zero-dimensional evolutionary ecosystem model to study how phytoplankton adaptation can affect estimates of future ecosystem-level changes. We found that phytoplankton adaptation can notably change simulated ecosystem dynamics, with the effect depending on environmental conditions. In a steady environment, adaptation allows for a more efficient use of resources, which enhances primary production and related ecosystem functions. In a warming environment, on the contrary, adaptation mitigates dominance changes among functionally different taxa and consequently leads to weaker changes in related ecosystem functions. Our results demonstrate that by neglecting phytoplankton adaptation, models may systematically overestimate future changes in the functioning of marine ecosystems. Future work can build on our results and include evolutionary processes into more complex model environments.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1246} (DOI). Hochfeld, I.; Hinners, J.: Phytoplankton adaptation to steady or changing environments affects marine ecosystem functioning. Biogeosciences. 2024. vol. 21, no. 23, 5591–5611. DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-2024-1246}}
@misc{norbisrath_alkalinity_sources_2024, 
author={Norbisrath, M.,van Beusekom, J.E.E.,Thomas, H.},
title={Alkalinity sources in the Dutch Wadden Sea},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1423-2024},
abstract = {Total alkalinity (TA) is an important chemical property that plays a decisive role in the oceanic buffering capacity with respect to CO2. TA is mainly generated by weathering on land as well as by various anaerobic metabolic processes in the water and sediments. The Wadden Sea, located in the southern North Sea, is hypothesized to be a source of TA for the North Sea, but quantifications are scarce. This study shows observations of TA, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and nutrients in the Dutch Wadden Sea in May 2019. Surface samples were taken along several transects in order to investigate spatial distribution patterns and compare them with data from the late 1980s. A tidal cycle was sampled to further shed light on TA generation and potential TA sources. We identified the Dutch Wadden Sea as a source of TA and estimated an export of 6.6 Mmol TA per tide to the North Sea. TA was generated in the sediments, with deep pore water flow during low tide enriching the surface water. A combination of anaerobic processes and CaCO3 dissolution were potential TA sources in the sediments. We deduce that seasonality and the associated nitrate availability specifically influence TA generation by denitrification, which is low in spring and summer.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1423-2024} (DOI). Norbisrath, M.; van Beusekom, J.; Thomas, H.: Alkalinity sources in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Ocean Science. 2024. vol. 20, no. 5, 1423-1440. DOI: 10.5194/os-20-1423-2024}}
@misc{niedzwiedz_runoff_impacts_2024, 
author={Niedzwiedz, S.,Schmidt, C.E.,Yang, Y.,Burgunter-Delamare, B.,Andersen, S.,Hildebrandt, L.,Pröfrock, D.,Thomas, H.,Zhang, R.,Damsgård, B.,Bischof, K.},
title={Run-off impacts on Arctic kelp holobionts have strong implications on ecosystem functioning and bioeconomy},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82287-w},
abstract = {Kelps (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) are foundation species along Arctic rocky shores, providing the basis for complex ecosystems and supporting a high secondary production. Due to ongoing climate change glacial and terrestrial run-off are currently accelerating, drastically changing physical and chemical water column parameters, e.g., water transparency for photosynthetically active radiation or dissolved concentrations of (harmful) elements. We investigated the performance and functioning of Arctic kelp holobionts in response to run-off gradients, with a focus on the effect of altered element concentrations in the water column. We found that the kelp Saccharina latissima accumulates harmful elements (e.g., cadmium, mercury) originating from coastal run-off. As kelps are at the basis of the food web, this might lead to biomagnification, with potential consequences for high-latitude kelp maricultures. In contrast, the high biosorption potential of kelps might be advantageous in monitoring environmental pollution or potentially extracting dissolved rare earth elements. Further, we found that the relative abundances of several kelp-associated microbial taxa significantly responded to increasing run-off influence, changing the kelps functioning in the ecosystem, e.g., the holobionts nutritional value and elemental cycling. The responses of kelp holobionts to environmental changes imply cascading ecological and economic consequences for Arctic kelp ecosystems in future climate change scenarios.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82287-w} (DOI). Niedzwiedz, S.; Schmidt, C.; Yang, Y.; Burgunter-Delamare, B.; Andersen, S.; Hildebrandt, L.; Pröfrock, D.; Thomas, H.; Zhang, R.; Damsgård, B.; Bischof, K.: Run-off impacts on Arctic kelp holobionts have strong implications on ecosystem functioning and bioeconomy. Scientific Reports. 2024. vol. 14, 30506. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-82287-w}}
@misc{gaye_amino_acids_2024, 
author={Gaye, B.,Lahajnar, N.,Frazão, H.C.,Metzke, M.,Perkuhn, C.,Prien, R.,Tian, S.,Waniek, J.J.},
title={Amino Acids as Indicators of Organic Matter Sources and Degradation in Suspended Matter off the Pearl River: Indications for Resuspension in the Northern South China Sea},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021519},
abstract = {Suspended matter (SPM) was sampled in a grid off the Pearl River mouth in the northern South China Sea (SCS). SPM concentrations and the content of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), amino acids (AA) and hexosamines (HA) and derived biogeochemical indicators were used to study organic matter sources on the shelf and slope. A surface SPM maximum curtailed the water mass of mixed riverine and marine origin off the Pearl River mouth with salinities <30. SPM in this river plume was rich in organic matter of fresh planktic origin. In areas outside the river plume chlorophyll (Chl-a) maxima were found at the subsurface nutricline. The AA composition shows that the degradation state of organic matter is very similar in all samples except in bottom water samples. Rather than degradation indicators, an indicator of SPM residence time in the ocean shows differences between samples from the upper 200 m and the deeper SPM samples. On the shelf and the shelf break a distinct SPM maximum was found above the sea floor. AA and HA spectra revealed that its organic matter was more degraded than the other SPM samples and that part of the organic matter in the bottom water turbidity maximum originated from the fine fraction of sediments. The state of organic matter implies that degradation of this resuspended material possibly adds to bottom water hypoxia; furthermore, contaminants originally deposited in shelf sediments can be redistributed into distal areas of the South China Sea.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021519} (DOI). Gaye, B.; Lahajnar, N.; Frazão, H.; Metzke, M.; Perkuhn, C.; Prien, R.; Tian, S.; Waniek, J.: Amino Acids as Indicators of Organic Matter Sources and Degradation in Suspended Matter off the Pearl River: Indications for Resuspension in the Northern South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research : Oceans. 2024. vol. 129, no. 12, e2024JC021519. DOI: 10.1029/2024JC021519}}
@misc{svensen_impact_of_2024, 
author={Svensen, C.,Iversen, M.,Norrbin, F.,Möller, K.O.,Wiedmann, I.,Skarðhamar, J.,Barth‐Jensen, C.,Kwasniewski, S.,Ormanczyk, M.,Dąbrowska, A.M.,Koski, M.},
title={Impact of aggregate‐colonizing copepods on the biological carbon pump in a high‐latitude fjord},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12641},
abstract = {Zooplankton consumption of sinking aggregates affects the quality and quantity of organic carbon exported to the deep ocean. Increasing laboratory evidence shows that small particle‐associated copepods impact the flux attenuation by feeding on sinking particles, but this has not been quantified in situ. We investigated the impact of an abundant particle‐colonizing copepod, Microsetella norvegica on the attenuation of the vertical carbon flux in a sub‐Arctic fjord. This study combines field measurements of vertical carbon flux, abundance, and size‐distribution of marine snow and degradation rates of fecal pellets and algal aggregates. Female M. norvegica altered their feeding behavior when exposed to aggregates, and ingestion rates were 0.20 μg C ind. d−1 on marine snow and 0.11 μg C ind.−1 d−1 on intact krill fecal pellets, corresponding to 48% and 26% of the females' body carbon mass. Due to high sea surface abundance of up to ~ 50 ind. −1 the population of  M. norvegica had the potential to account for almost all the carbon removal in the upper 50 m of the water column, depending on the type of the aggregate. Our observations highlight the potential importance of abundant small‐sized copepods for biogeochemical cycles through their impact on export flux and its attenuation in the twilight zone.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12641} (DOI). Svensen, C.; Iversen, M.; Norrbin, F.; Möller, K.; Wiedmann, I.; Skarðhamar, J.; Barth‐Jensen, C.; Kwasniewski, S.; Ormanczyk, M.; Dąbrowska, A.; Koski, M.: Impact of aggregate‐colonizing copepods on the biological carbon pump in a high‐latitude fjord. Limnology and Oceanography. 2024. vol. 69, no. 9, 2029-2042. DOI: 10.1002/lno.12641}}
@misc{farrell_the_interplay_2023, 
author={Farrell, E.,Beermann, J.,Neumann, A.,Wrede, A.},
title={The interplay of temperature and algal enrichment intensifies bioturbation of the intertidal amphipod Corophium volutator},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2022.151837},
abstract = {Bioturbation is a central transport process for ecosystem functioning, especially in large soft sediment habitats like the Wadden Sea. The amphipod C. volutator is a dominant bioturbator in the Wadden Sea, due to its great abundance and almost continuous particle movement. Expedition or loss of its bioturbation activity could thus hold ramifications for ecosystem functioning within sediments, like carbon sequestration and nutrient recycling. Here we test the effect that temperature and organic enrichment have on the bioturbation of C. volutator; two prevalent abiotic factors in the Corophiid's habitat that have fluctuated over recent decades, and are expected to change in the future. In-situ experiments were conducted under 8 and 15 °C, with varying levels (0 g, 0.1 g, and 0.2 g) of powdered Ulva compressa enriching cores containing C. volutator. We found a significant interaction effect of temperature and organic enrichment on the bioturbation rate of the amphipod, with bioturbation only increasing with added organic enrichment at 15 °C. Further, a threshold within our experiments was also reached under 15 °C, where the amphipod ceased to expedite bioturbation under higher organic enrichment. This upper limit on this dominant bioturbation imposed with organic enrichment emphasizes the sensitivity of C. volutator. Our findings reveal bioturbation can be limited by temperature in colder months, and opposingly, limited by organic enrichment under warmer conditions. In future Wadden Sea scenarios where temperature is predicted to be warmer and winters milder, enhanced bioturbation activity by C. volutator could prove crucial in continued ecosystem functions.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2022.151837} (DOI). Farrell, E.; Beermann, J.; Neumann, A.; Wrede, A.: The interplay of temperature and algal enrichment intensifies bioturbation of the intertidal amphipod Corophium volutator. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2023. vol. 559, 151837. DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2022.151837}}
@misc{deschner_submerged_marine_2023, 
author={Deschner, S.,Kock, T.,Schelwat, H.,Baschek, B.},
title={Submerged marine towed instrument array: A theoretical investigation using Lagrange mechanics},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113201},
abstract = {Towed instrument arrays (TIA) measure physical data in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL). The TIA consists of,probes mounted on a cable and towed behind a vessel. The comparably low interpolation errors of the two-dimensional results vastly enrich research on ocean energy dissipation.,Here, we develop a new theoretical framework considering the mounted probes and their effects on the dynamics of the TIA in analogy to multiple pendulums on a moving suspension point. The dynamics are induced by external velocity-dependent drag- and coordinate-dependent depressor forces.,We show that our method of including nonlinear drag forces is consistent and that our discrete approach is capable of computing continuous solutions in the limit,. Hence, the proposed method unifies earlier approaches and is tested against several analytical and known numerical solutions. The phase space for the case,is similar to that of a damped harmonic oscillator. A typical timescale estimates the equilibrium state of the dynamical system. We provide evidence of our method by comparing the results with real measurement data.,Based on the theoretical investigations, test cases, and the comparison with real data, our method is a powerful tool, suitable for campaign planning, instrument design, and post-processing purposes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113201} (DOI). Deschner, S.; Kock, T.; Schelwat, H.; Baschek, B.: Submerged marine towed instrument array: A theoretical investigation using Lagrange mechanics. Ocean Engineering. 2023. vol. 267, 113201. DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113201}}
@misc{carlson_mapping_intertidal_2023, 
author={Carlson, D.,Vivó-Pons, A.,Treier, U.,Mätzler, E.,Meire, L.,Sejr, M.,Krause-Jensen, D.},
title={Mapping intertidal macrophytes in fjords in Southwest Greenland using Sentinel-2 imagery},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161213},
abstract = {Changes in the distribution of coastal macrophytes in Greenland, and elsewhere in the Arctic are difficult to quantify as the region remains challenging to access and monitor. Satellite imagery, in particular Sentinel-2 (S2), may enable large-scale monitoring of coastal areas in Greenland but its use is impacted by the optically complex environments and the scarcity of supporting data in the region. Additionally, the canopies of the dominant macrophyte species in Greenland do not extend to the sea surface, limiting the use of indices that exploit the reflection of near-infrared radiation by vegetation due to its absorption by seawater. Three hypotheses are tested: I) 10-m S2 imagery and commonly used detection methods can identify intertidal macrophytes that are exposed at low tide in an optically complex fjord system in Greenland impacted by marine and land terminating glaciers; II) detached and floating macrophytes accumulate in patches that are sufficiently large to be detected by 10-m S2 images; III) iceberg scour and/or turbid meltwater runoff shape the spatial distribution of intertidal macroalgae in fjord systems with marine-terminating glaciers. The NDVI produced the best results in optically complex fjord systems in Greenland. 12 km2 of exposed intertidal macrophytes were identified in the study area at low tide. Floating mats of macrophytes ranged in area from 400 m2 to 326,800 m2 and were most common at the mouth of the fjord. Icebergs and turbidity appear to play a role in structuring the distribution of intertidal macrophytes and the retreat of marine terminating glaciers could allow macrophytes cover to expand. The challenges and solutions presented here apply to most fjords in Greenland and, therefore, the methodology may be extended to produce a Greenland-wide estimate of intertidal macrophytes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161213} (DOI). Carlson, D.; Vivó-Pons, A.; Treier, U.; Mätzler, E.; Meire, L.; Sejr, M.; Krause-Jensen, D.: Mapping intertidal macrophytes in fjords in Southwest Greenland using Sentinel-2 imagery. Science of the Total Environment. 2023. vol. 865, 161213. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161213}}
@misc{callies_extreme_separations_2023, 
author={Callies, U.,von Storch, H.},
title={Extreme separations of bottle posts in the southern Baltic Sea –tentative interpretation of an experiment-of-opportunity},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2022.11.004},
abstract = {During an experiment-of-opportunity in July 2019, 27 drift bottles were released in the southern Baltic Sea. Ten of these bottles were found and reported at locations that were surprisingly widespread. In this study, we explore the chances to reproduce these findings with a numerical drift model. While trajectories may be considered as completely deterministic, in practice their prediction as well as reconstruction has a strong stochastic component, because of ubiquitous gradients on even the smallest scales. We illustrate different aspects of uncertainty including specification of leeway, random dispersion, and stretching along Lagrangian coherent structures. By and large, the results of numerical ensemble simulations seem to be in reasonable agreement with the observational evidence available. Some drift bottle findings suggest a bias in simulations, but without knowing the drift bottles’ full drift paths, a basis for more detailed model tuning is missing.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2022.11.004} (DOI). Callies, U.; von Storch, H.: Extreme separations of bottle posts in the southern Baltic Sea –tentative interpretation of an experiment-of-opportunity. Oceanologia. 2023. vol. 65, no. 2, 410-422. DOI: 10.1016/j.oceano.2022.11.004}}
@misc{koziorowskamakuch_the_marine_2023, 
author={Koziorowska-Makuch, K.,Szymczycha, B.,Thomas, H.,Kulinski, K.},
title={The marine carbonate system variability in high meltwater season (Spitsbergen Fjords, Svalbard)},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.102977},
abstract = {The spatial variability in hydrography (salinity and temperature) and carbonate chemistry (alkalinity - AT, total inorganic carbon concentration - CT, pH, CO2 partial pressure - pCO2, and the saturation state of aragonite - ΩAr) in high meltwater season (summer) was investigated in four Spitsbergen fjords - Krossfjorden, Kongsfjorden, Isfjorden, and Hornsund. It was found that the differences in hydrology entail spatial changes in the CO2 system structure. AT decline with decreasing salinity was evident, hence it is clear that freshwater input generally has a diluting effect and lowers AT in the surface waters of the Spitsbergen fjords. Significant surface water AT variability (1889–2261 µmol kg−1) reveals the complexity of the fjords’ systems with multiple freshwater sources having different alkalinity end-member characteristics and identifies the mean AT freshwater end-member of 595 ± 84 µmol kg−1 for the entire region. The effect of AT fluxes from sediments on the bottom water was rather insignificant, despite high AT values (2288–2666 μmol kg−1) observed in the pore waters. Low pCO2 results in surface water (200–295 μatm) points to intensive biological production, which can strongly affect the CT values, however, is less important for shaping alkalinity. It has also been shown that the freshening of the surface water in the fjords reduces significantly ΩAr (an increase in freshwater fraction contribution by 1% causes a decrease in ΩAr by 0.022). Although during the polar day, due to low pCO2, ΩAr values are still rather far from 1 (they ranged from 1.4 to 2.5), during polar night, when pCO2 values are much higher, ΩAr may drop markedly. This study highlights that the use of salinity to estimate the potential alkalinity can carry a high uncertainty, while good recognition of the surface water AT variability and its freshwater end-members is key to predict marine CO2 system changes along with the ongoing freshening of fjords waters due to climate warming.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.102977} (DOI). Koziorowska-Makuch, K.; Szymczycha, B.; Thomas, H.; Kulinski, K.: The marine carbonate system variability in high meltwater season (Spitsbergen Fjords, Svalbard). Progress in Oceanography. 2023. vol. 211, 102977. DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2023.102977}}
@misc{calil_highresolution_basinscale_2023, 
author={Calil, P.},
title={High-Resolution, Basin-Scale Simulations Reveal the Impact of Intermediate Zonal Jets on the Atlantic Oxygen Minimum Zones},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2022MS003158},
abstract = {Eastward zonal jets at intermediate depths of 300–800 m connect the oxygen-rich western boundary of the Atlantic basin with the oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) on the eastern boundary. They are not well represented in climate models because the low horizontal resolution of these models yields excessive viscosity. We use two physical-biogeochemical model configurations of the Tropical Atlantic to show that the increase in resolution results in more robust intermediate zonal jets and a better representation of the OMZs. The OMZ structure is distorted at low-resolution as surface, westward jets advect low-oxygen waters from the eastern boundary much further west than in the climatology. The emergence of robust eastward jets in the high-resolution run alleviate this problem and reproduce the Atlantic OMZs more accurately. The asymmetry between westward and eastward jets occurs because the former are associated with homogenous potential vorticity regions originating in the eastern boundary while the latter are associated with potential vorticity gradients. Intermediate, eastward jets constrain the westward expansion of the OMZs by supplying oxygen to their western edge. Within the OMZs, higher resolution allows a better representation of the boundary current system and eddying processes at depth which redistribute of low oxygen values from the productive eastern boundary. Basin-scale, high-resolution simulations reproduce more accurately the transfer of energy across scales that results in robust zonal jets as well as their impact on the ocean biogeochemistry. Accurate model predictions provide a pathway to disentangle natural and anthropogenic causes of ocean deoxygenation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2022MS003158} (DOI). Calil, P.: High-Resolution, Basin-Scale Simulations Reveal the Impact of Intermediate Zonal Jets on the Atlantic Oxygen Minimum Zones. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems : JAMES. 2023. vol. 15, no. 2, e2022MS003158. DOI: 10.1029/2022MS003158}}
@misc{ager_macroalgal_habitats_2023, 
author={Ager, T.G.,Krause-Jensen, D.,Olesen, B.,Carlson, D.F.,Winding, M.H.S.,Sejr, M.K.},
title={Macroalgal habitats support a sustained flux of floating biomass but limited carbon export beyond a Greenland fjord},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162224},
abstract = {Despite growing attention on the contribution of macroalgae to carbon cycling and sequestration (blue carbon), more observational data is needed to constrain current estimates. In this study, we estimate the floating macroalgal carbon flux within and beyond a large sub-Arctic fjord system, Nuup Kangerlua, Greenland, which could potentially reach carbon sinks. Our study estimates 1) the fjord-scale area with macroalgal coverage and barrens caused by sea urchin grazing, 2) the floating macroalgal biomass in the fjord, and 3) the annual export flux of floating macroalgae out of the fjord system. ROV surveys documented that macroalgal habitats cover 32 % of the seafloor within the photic zone (0-30 m) with an average coverage of 39.6, 22, and 7.2 % in the depth intervals 0–10, 10–20, and 20-30 m, respectively. 15 % of the area suitable for macroalgae was denuded by sea urchin grazing. Floating macroalgae were common with an average biomass of 55 kg wet weight km−2. Densities and species composition varied seasonally with the highest levels after storms. The floating biomass was composed of intertidal macroalgal species (58 %) (Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus distichus, and Ascophyllum nodosum) and kelps (42 %) (Saccharina longicruris, S. latissima, and Alaria esculenta). We deployed surface GPS drifters to simulate floating macroalgal trajectories and velocity. Data indicated that 80 % of the floating biomass is retained in the fjord where its fate in relation to long-term sequestration is unknown. Export beyond the fjord was limited and indicated an annual floating macroalgal export beyond the fjord of only 6.92 t C yr−1, which is equal to ~0.02 % of the annual net primary production. Our findings suggest that floating macroalgae support a limited blue carbon potential beyond this fjord and that future research should focus on the fate of retained floating macroalgae and subsurface export to resolve the connectivity between macroalgal habitats and long-term carbon sinks.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162224} (DOI). Ager, T.; Krause-Jensen, D.; Olesen, B.; Carlson, D.; Winding, M.; Sejr, M.: Macroalgal habitats support a sustained flux of floating biomass but limited carbon export beyond a Greenland fjord. Science of the Total Environment. 2023. vol. 872, 162224. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162224}}
@misc{bi_transfer_model_2023, 
author={Bi, S.,Röttgers, R.,Hieronymi, M.},
title={Transfer model to determine the above-water remote-sensing reflectance from the underwater remote-sensing ratio},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.482395},
abstract = {Remote-sensing reflectance, Rrs(λ, θ, Δϕ, θs), contains the spectral color information of the water body below the sea surface and is a fundamental parameter to derive satellite ocean color products such as chlorophyll-a, diffuse light attenuation, or inherent optical properties. Water reflectance, i.e., spectral upwelling radiance, normalized by the downwelling irradiance, can be measured under- or above-water. Several models to extrapolate this ratio from underwater “remote-sensing ratio”, rrs(λ), to the above-water Rrs, have been proposed in previous studies, in which the spectral dependency of water refractive index and off-nadir viewing directions have not been considered in detail. Based on measured inherent optical properties of natural waters and radiative transfer simulations, this study proposes a new transfer model to spectrally determine Rrs from rrs for different sun-viewing geometries and environmental conditions. It is shown that, compared to previous models, ignoring spectral dependency leads to a bias of ∼2.4% at shorter wavelengths (∼400 nm), which is avoidable. If nadir-viewing models are used, the typical 40°-off nadir viewing geometry will introduce a difference of ∼5% in Rrs estimation. When the solar zenith angle is higher than 60°, these differences of Rrs have implications for the downstream retrievals of ocean color products, e.g., > 8% difference for phytoplankton absorption at 440 nm and >4% difference for backward particle scattering at 440 nm by the quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA). These findings demonstrate that the proposed rrs-to-Rrs model is applicable to a wide range of measurement conditions and provides more accurate estimates of Rrs than previous models.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.482395} (DOI). Bi, S.; Röttgers, R.; Hieronymi, M.: Transfer model to determine the above-water remote-sensing reflectance from the underwater remote-sensing ratio. Optics express. 2023. vol. 31, no. 6, 10512-10524. DOI: 10.1364/OE.482395}}
@misc{fettweis_sample_based_2023, 
author={Fettweis, M.,Riethmüller, R.,Van der Zande, D.,Desmit, X.},
title={Sample based water quality monitoring of coastal seas: How significant is the information loss in patchy time series compared to continuous ones?},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162273},
abstract = {The high temporal and spatial variability of tidal dominated coastal areas poses a challenge for characterising water quality. Water quality monitoring relies often on information collected by water sampling from a vessel or by satellites, and covers limited time periods and therefore limited tidal and meteorological conditions. To assess the loss of information from discrete sampling, continuous time series of one year (suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration, SPM flux and Chlorophyll a (Chl) concentration) were used. Eight different schemes of sampling into these time series were applied that are typical for many monitoring programs. They differ in the time between sampling events (synodic or half-synodic) and the duration of the sampling (tidal cycle, half a tidal cycle, one or more samples). The information loss was quantified by applying a bootstrap method to calculate the mean and standard deviation over the considered period. These were then compared with the true mean calculated from the continuous series. The probability to match the true mean within a certain margin depends on the sampling period and the season, but it is always low, especially if the allowed uncertainty is stringent (e.g., ±2.5 % about the true mean). For the SPM concentration this probability is lower than 10 % and for Chl concentration lower than 20 %. Similarly, conclusions arise for the detection of trends in a 20 year time series of SPM concentration with an artificial yearly increase of 0.5 %. None of the sampling schemes was able to assess statistical significant interannual trends with probabilities above 60 %. Further, the significant trends overestimated the increase by a factor 2 to 8. Here, present modus operandi is thus inadequate for basic trend detection, but may be acceptable for the more marine, lower turbid areas where higher probabilities were obtained in this study.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162273} (DOI). Fettweis, M.; Riethmüller, R.; Van der Zande, D.; Desmit, X.: Sample based water quality monitoring of coastal seas: How significant is the information loss in patchy time series compared to continuous ones?. Science of the Total Environment. 2023. vol. 873, 162273. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162273}}
@misc{brewin_ocean_carbon_2023, 
author={Brewin, R.J.W.,Sathyendranath, S.,Kulk, G.,Rio, M.-H.,Concha, J.A.,Bell, T.G.,Bracher, A.,Fichot, C.,Frölicher, T.L.,Galí, M.,Hansell, D. A.,Kostadinov, T.S.,Mitchell, C.,Neeley, A.R.,Organelli, E.,Richardson, K.,Rousseaux, C.,Shen, F.,Stramski, D.,Tzortziou, M.,Watson, A.J.,Addey, C.I.,Bellacicco, M.,Bouman, H.,Carroll, D.,Cetinić, I.,Dall’Olmo, G.,Frouin, R.,Hauck, J.,Hieronymi, M.,Hu, C.,Ibello, V.,Jönsson, B.,Kong, C.E.,Kovač, Ž.,Laine, M.,Lauderdale, J.,Lavender, S.,Livanou, E.,Llort, J.,Lorinczi, L.,Nowicki, M.,Pradisty, N.A.,Psarra, S.,Raitsos, D.E.,Ruescas, A.B.,Russell, J.L.,Salisbury, J.,Sanders, R.,Shutler, J.D.,Sun, X.,Taboada, F.G.,Tilstone, G.,Wei, X.,Woolf, D.K.},
title={Ocean carbon from space: current status and priorities for the next decade},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104386},
abstract = {The ocean plays a central role in modulating the Earth’s carbon cycle. Monitoring how the ocean carbon cycle is changing is fundamental to managing climate change. Satellite remote sensing is currently our best tool for viewing the ocean surface globally and systematically, at high spatial and temporal resolutions, and the past few decades have seen an exponential growth in studies utilising satellite data for ocean carbon research. Satellite-based observations must be combined with in situ observations and models, to obtain a comprehensive view of ocean carbon pools and fluxes. To help prioritise future research in this area, a workshop was organised that assembled leading experts working on the topic, from around the world, including remote-sensing scientists, field scientists and modellers, with the goal to articulate a collective view of the current status of ocean carbon research, identify gaps in knowledge, and formulate a scientific roadmap for the next decade, with an emphasis on evaluating where satellite remote sensing may contribute. A total of 449 scientists and stakeholders participated (with balanced gender representation), from North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Sessions targeted both inorganic and organic pools of carbon in the ocean, in both dissolved and particulate form, as well as major fluxes of carbon between reservoirs (e.g., primary production) and at interfaces (e.g., air-sea and land–ocean). Extreme events, blue carbon and carbon budgeting were also key topics discussed. Emerging priorities identified include: expanding the networks and quality of in situ observations; improved satellite retrievals; improved uncertainty quantification; improved understanding of vertical distributions; integration with models; improved techniques to bridge spatial and temporal scales of the different data sources; and improved fundamental understanding of the ocean carbon cycle, and of the interactions among pools of carbon and light. We also report on priorities for the specific pools and fluxes studied, and highlight issues and concerns that arose during discussions, such as the need to consider the environmental impact of satellites or space activities; the role satellites can play in monitoring ocean carbon dioxide removal approaches; economic valuation of the satellite based information; to consider how satellites can contribute to monitoring cycles of other important climatically-relevant compounds and elements; to promote diversity and inclusivity in ocean carbon research; to bring together communities working on different aspects of planetary carbon; maximising use of international bodies; to follow an open science approach; to explore new and innovative ways to remotely monitor ocean carbon; and to harness quantum computing. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive scientific roadmap for the next decade on how satellite remote sensing could help monitor the ocean carbon cycle, and its links to the other domains, such as terrestrial and atmosphere.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104386} (DOI). Brewin, R.; Sathyendranath, S.; Kulk, G.; Rio, M.; Concha, J.; Bell, T.; Bracher, A.; Fichot, C.; Frölicher, T.; Galí, M.; Hansell, D.; Kostadinov, T.; Mitchell, C.; Neeley, A.; Organelli, E.; Richardson, K.; Rousseaux, C.; Shen, F.; Stramski, D.; Tzortziou, M.; Watson, A.; Addey, C.; Bellacicco, M.; Bouman, H.; Carroll, D.; Cetinić, I.; Dall’Olmo, G.; Frouin, R.; Hauck, J.; Hieronymi, M.; Hu, C.; Ibello, V.; Jönsson, B.; Kong, C.; Kovač, Ž.; Laine, M.; Lauderdale, J.; Lavender, S.; Livanou, E.; Llort, J.; Lorinczi, L.; Nowicki, M.; Pradisty, N.; Psarra, S.; Raitsos, D.; Ruescas, A.; Russell, J.; Salisbury, J.; Sanders, R.; Shutler, J.; Sun, X.; Taboada, F.; Tilstone, G.; Wei, X.; Woolf, D.: Ocean carbon from space: current status and priorities for the next decade. Earth-Science Reviews. 2023. vol. 240, 104386. DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104386}}
@misc{elkassar_optical_remote_2023, 
author={El Kassar, J.,Juhls, B.,Hieronymi, M.,Preusker, R.,Morgenstern, A.,Fischer, J.,Overduin, P.P.},
title={Optical remote sensing (Sentinel 3 OLCI) used to monitor dissolved organic carbon in the Lena River, Russia},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1082109},
abstract = {In the past decades the Arctic has experienced stronger temperature increases than any other region globally. Shifts in hydrological regimes and accelerated permafrost thawing have been observed and are likely to increase mobilization of organic carbon and its transport through rivers into the Arctic Ocean. In order to better quantify changes to the carbon cycle, Arctic rivers such as the Lena River in Siberia need to be monitored closely. Since 2018, a sampling program provides frequent in situ observations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) of the Lena River. Here, we utilize this ground truth dataset and aim to test the potential of frequent satellite observations to spatially and temporally complement and expand these observations. We explored all available overpasses (~3250) of the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) on Sentinel-3 within the ice-free periods (May – October) for four years (2018 to 2021) to develop a new retrieval scheme to derive concentrations of DOC. OLCI observations with a spatial resolution of ~300 m were corrected for atmospheric effects using the Polymer algorithm. The results of this study show that using this new retrieval, remotely sensed DOC concentrations agree well with in situ DOC concentrations (MAPD=10.89%, RMSE=1.55 mg L−1, r²=0.92, n=489). The high revisit frequency and wide swath of OLCI allow it to capture the entire range of DOC concentrations and their seasonal variability. Estimated satellite-derived DOC export fluxes integrated over the ice-free periods of 2018 to 2021 show a high interannual variability and agree well with flux estimates from in situ data (RMSD=0.186 Tg C, MAPD=4.05%). In addition, 10-day OLCI composites covering the entire Lena River catchment revealed increasing DOC concentration and local sources of DOC along the Lena from south to north. We conclude that moderate resolution satellite imagers such as OLCI are very capable of observing DOC concentrations in large/wide rivers such as the Lena River despite the relatively coarse spatial resolution. The global coverage of remote sensing offers the expansion to more rivers in order to improve our understanding of the land-ocean carbon fluxes in a changing climate.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1082109} (DOI). El Kassar, J.; Juhls, B.; Hieronymi, M.; Preusker, R.; Morgenstern, A.; Fischer, J.; Overduin, P.: Optical remote sensing (Sentinel 3 OLCI) used to monitor dissolved organic carbon in the Lena River, Russia. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2023. vol. 10, 1082109. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1082109}}
@misc{rick_an_evaluation_2023, 
author={Rick, J.J.,Scharfe, M.,Romanova, T.,van Beusekom, J.E.E.,Asmus, R.,Asmus, H.,Mielck, F.,Kamp, A.,Sieger, R.,Wiltshire, K.H.},
title={An evaluation of long-term physical and hydrochemical measurements at the Sylt Roads Marine Observatory (1973–2019), Wadden Sea, North Sea},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1037-2023},
abstract = {he Sylt Roads pelagic time series covers physical and hydrochemical parameters at five neighboring stations in the Sylt–Rømø bight, Wadden Sea, North Sea. Since the beginning of the time series in 1973, sea surface temperature (SST), salinity, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) have been measured twice a week. The other parameters were introduced later (dissolved silicate (Si) since 1974, pH since 1979, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) since 1996, dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) since 2001, chlorophyll a since 1979, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) since 1975), and in the case of dissolved oxygen, were already discontinued (1979–1983). In the years 1977, 1978, and 1983, no sampling took place. Since the start of the continuous sampling in 1984, the sea surface temperature in the bight has risen by +1.11 ∘C, with the highest increases during the autumn months, while the pH and salinity decreased by 0.23 and 0.33 units, respectively. Summer and autumn salinities are generally significantly elevated compared to spring and winter conditions. Dissolved nutrients (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, and SRP) have displayed periods of intense eutrophication (1973–1998) and de-eutrophication since 1999. Silicate has shown significantly higher winter levels since 1999. Interestingly, phytoplankton parameters did not mirror these large changes in nutrient concentrations, as a seasonal comparison of the two eutrophication periods showed no significant differences with regard to chlorophyll a. This phenomenon might be triggered by an important switch in nutrient limitation during the time series. With regard to nutrients, the phytoplankton was probably primarily limited by silicate until 1998, while, since 1999, the SRP limitation has become increasingly important. All data are available in Rick et al. (2017b–e, 2020a–o) from https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.150032, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.873549, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.873545,,https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.873547, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918018,,https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918032, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918027,,https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918023, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918033,,https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918028, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918024,,https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918034, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918029,,https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918025, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918035,,https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918030, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918026,,https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918036, and https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918031.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1037-2023} (DOI). Rick, J.; Scharfe, M.; Romanova, T.; van Beusekom, J.; Asmus, R.; Asmus, H.; Mielck, F.; Kamp, A.; Sieger, R.; Wiltshire, K.: An evaluation of long-term physical and hydrochemical measurements at the Sylt Roads Marine Observatory (1973–2019), Wadden Sea, North Sea. Earth System Science Data. 2023. vol. 15, no. 3, 1037-1057. DOI: 10.5194/essd-15-1037-2023}}
@misc{lehmann_alkalinity_responses_2023, 
author={Lehmann, N.,Stacke, T.,Lehmann, S.,Lantuit, H.,Gosse, J.,Mears, C.,Hartmann, J.,Thomas, H.},
title={Alkalinity responses to climate warming destabilise the Earth´s thermostat},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37165-w},
abstract = {Alkalinity generation from rock weathering modulates Earth’s climate at geological time scales. Although lithology is thought to dominantly control alkalinity generation globally, the role of other first-order controls appears elusive. Particularly challenging remains the discrimination of climatic and erosional influences. Based on global observations, here we uncover the role of erosion rate in governing riverine alkalinity, accompanied by areal proportion of carbonate, mean annual temperature, catchment area, and soil regolith thickness. We show that the weathering flux to the ocean will be significantly altered by climate warming as early as 2100, by up to 68% depending on the environmental conditions, constituting a sudden feedback of ocean CO2 sequestration to climate. Interestingly, warming under a low-emissions scenario will reduce terrestrial alkalinity flux from mid-latitudes (–1.6 t(bicarbonate) a−1 km−2) until the end of the century, resulting in a reduction in CO2 sequestration, but an increase (+0.5 t(bicarbonate) a−1 km−2) from mid-latitudes is likely under a high-emissions scenario, yielding an additional CO2 sink.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37165-w} (DOI). Lehmann, N.; Stacke, T.; Lehmann, S.; Lantuit, H.; Gosse, J.; Mears, C.; Hartmann, J.; Thomas, H.: Alkalinity responses to climate warming destabilise the Earth´s thermostat. Nature Communications. 2023. vol. 14, 1648. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37165-w}}
@misc{vanoostende_global_ocean_2023, 
author={van Oostende, M.,Hieronymi, M.,Krasemann, H.,Baschek, B.},
title={Global ocean colour trends in biogeochemical provinces},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1052166},
abstract = {Satellite-derived ocean colour data provide continuous, daily measurements of global waters and are an essential tool for monitoring these waters in a changing climate. Merging observations from different satellite sensors is necessary for long-term and continuous climate research because the lifetime of these sensors is limited. A key issue in deriving long-term trends from merged ocean colour data is the inconsistency between the spatiotemporal coverage of the different sensor datasets that can lead to spurious multi-year fluctuations or trends in the time series. This study used the merged ocean colour satellite dataset produced by the Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI version 6.0) to infer global and local trends in optically active constituents. We applied a novel correction method to the OC-CCI dataset that results in a spatiotemporally consistent dataset, allowing the examination of long-term trends of optically active constituents with greater accuracy. We included sea surface temperature, salinity, and several climate oscillations in our analysis to gain insight into the underlying processes of derived trends. Our results indicate a significant increase in chlorophyll-a concentration in the polar waters, a decrease in chlorophyll-a concentration in some equatorial waters, and point to ocean darkening, predominantly in the polar waters, due to an increase in non-phytoplankton absorption. This study contributes to broader knowledge of global trends of optically active constituents and their relation to a changing environment.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1052166} (DOI). van Oostende, M.; Hieronymi, M.; Krasemann, H.; Baschek, B.: Global ocean colour trends in biogeochemical provinces. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2023. vol. 10, 1052166. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1052166}}
@misc{kock_an_advanced_2023, 
author={Kock, T.,Baschek, B.,Wobbe, F.,Heineke, M.,Riethmüller, R.,Deschner, S.,Seidel, G.,Calil, P.H.R.},
title={An advanced towed CTD chain for physical-biological high resolution in situ upper ocean measurements},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1183061},
abstract = {Submesoscale eddies, fronts, and filaments are ubiquitous in the upper ocean and play an important role in biogeochemical and mixing processes as well as in the energy budget. To capture the high spatial variability of submesoscale processes, it is desirable to simultaneously resolve the vertical and horizontal gradients of hydrographic properties on scales of 10 m to 10 km. We present a revised towed CTD chain, for rapid quasi-synoptic in situ measurements of submesoscale oceanographic features, that is lighter, more robust and scientifically more useful than previous towed CTD chains. This new instrument provides a horizontal resolution of O(1 m) and can be towed at speeds of up to 5 ms-1 for measurements of the upper 100 m of the water column while providing a reasonable vertical resolution of O(1 m – 10 m). Individual CTD probes are equipped with temperature, conductivity, pressure and either rapid response dissolved oxygen or fluorescence sensors at multiple depths, enabling both hydrographic and biogeochemical studies at high resolution. A flexible probe hardware allows either real-time data collection or internal data logging for offline post-processing. Finally, we outline the necessary post-processing steps and provide data examples. With the presented data examples we show and conclude that the advanced towed CTD chain is a flexible and lightweight take on the towed CTD chain concept. It can easily be adapted to scientific needs and provides high quality very high resolution oceanographic data.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1183061} (DOI). Kock, T.; Baschek, B.; Wobbe, F.; Heineke, M.; Riethmüller, R.; Deschner, S.; Seidel, G.; Calil, P.: An advanced towed CTD chain for physical-biological high resolution in situ upper ocean measurements. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2023. vol. 10, 1183061. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1183061}}
@misc{walsh_the_bear_2023, 
author={Walsh, M.J.,Carlson, D.F.,Tejsner, P.,Thomsen, S.},
title={The Bear Trap: Reinvestigation of a unique stone structure on the northwest tip of the Nuussuaq Peninsula, Greenland},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.58.2.200},
abstract = {A dry-stone structure known as the Bear Trap—“Bjørnefælden” in Danish and “Putdlagssuaq” (The Great Trap) in the local Greenlandic Kalaallisut—is a unique and enigmatic feature on the Arctic landscape of the Nuussuaq Peninsula in northwestern Greenland. Despite its suggestive name, the intended function of the Bear Trap has been the subject of scholarly debate since 1740. Here we present new findings on the Bear Trap, update the archaeological context of the site and its surroundings, and present the first three-dimensional (3D) digital reconstruction of the site and its surroundings. Investigations of the Bear Trap and its surroundings during the summer of 2019 revealed previously undocumented graves in the vicinity. Based on the newly discovered graves and quantitative data extracted from the 3D models, we concur with previous scholarly speculations (e.g., Rosenkrantz 1967) that the Bear Trap was possibly used as a grave or possible cenotaph rather than as a skemma, the typical stone storage structure of the Greenland Norse. In addition, we demonstrate the use of 3D modeling to digitally preserve cultural heritage in the rapidly changing Arctic and permit remote, quantitative analysis of archaeological sites.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3368/aa.58.2.200} (DOI). Walsh, M.; Carlson, D.; Tejsner, P.; Thomsen, S.: The Bear Trap: Reinvestigation of a unique stone structure on the northwest tip of the Nuussuaq Peninsula, Greenland. Arctic Anthropology. 2023. vol. 58, no. 2, 200-217. DOI: 10.3368/aa.58.2.200}}
@misc{rewrie_significant_shifts_2023, 
author={Rewrie, L.C.V.,Voynova, Y.G.,Beusekom, J.E.E.,Sanders, T.,Körtzinger, A.,Brix, H.,Ollesch, G.,Baschek, B.},
title={Significant shifts in inorganic carbon and ecosystem state in a temperate estuary (1985-2018)},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12395},
abstract = {Estuaries regulate carbon cycling along the land-ocean continuum and thus influence carbon export to the ocean, and global carbon budgets. The Elbe Estuary in Germany has been altered by large anthropogenic perturbations, such as widespread heavy metal pollution, minimally treated wastewater before the 1980s, establishment of wastewater treatment plants after the 1990s, and an overall nutrient and pollutant load reduction in the last three decades. Based on an extensive evaluation of key ecosystem variables, and an analysis of the available inorganic and organic carbon records, this study has identified three ecosystem states in recent history: the polluted (1985–1990), transitional (1991–1996), and recovery (1997–2018) states. The polluted state was characterized by very high dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and ammonium concentrations, toxic heavy metal levels, dissolved oxygen undersaturation, and low pH. During the transitional state, heavy metal pollution decreased by > 50%, and primary production re-established in spring to summer, with weak seasonality in DIC. Since 1997, during the recovery state, DIC seasonality was driven by primary production, and DIC significantly increased by > 23 μmol L−1 yr−1 in the mid to lower estuary, indicating that, along with the improvement in water quality the ecosystem state is still changing. Large anthropogenic perturbations can therefore alter estuarine ecosystems (on the order of decades), as well as induce large and complex biogeochemical shifts and significant changes to carbon cycling.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12395} (DOI). Rewrie, L.; Voynova, Y.; Beusekom, J.; Sanders, T.; Körtzinger, A.; Brix, H.; Ollesch, G.; Baschek, B.: Significant shifts in inorganic carbon and ecosystem state in a temperate estuary (1985-2018). Limnology and Oceanography. 2023. vol. 68, no. 8, 1935-1920. DOI: 10.1002/lno.12395}}
@misc{bi_biogeooptical_modeling_2023, 
author={Bi, S.,Hieronymi, M.,Röttgers, R.},
title={Bio-geo-optical modeling of natural waters},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1196352},
abstract = {The color of natural waters – oceanic, coastal, and inland – is determined by the spectral absorption and scattering properties of dissolved and particulate water constituents. Remote sensing of aquatic ecosystems requires a comprehensive understanding of these inherent optical properties (IOPs), their interdependencies, and their impact on ocean (water) color, i.e., remote-sensing reflectance. We introduce a bio-geo-optical model for natural waters that includes revised spectral absorption and scattering parameterizations, based on a comprehensive analysis of precisely measured IOPs and water constituents. In addition, specific IOPs of the most significant phytoplankton groups are modeled and a system is proposed to represent the optical variability of phytoplankton diversity and community structures. The model provides a more accurate representation of the relationship between bio-geo-optical properties and can better capture optical variability across different water types. Based on the evaluation both using the training and independent testing data, our model demonstrates an accuracy of within ±5% for most component IOPs throughout the visible spectrum. We also discuss the potential of this model for radiative transfer simulations and building a comprehensive synthetic dataset especially for optically complex waters. Such datasets are the crucial basis for the development of satellite-based ocean (water) color algorithms and atmospheric correction methods. Our model reduces uncertainties in ocean color remote sensing by enhancing the distinction of optically active water constituents and provides a valuable tool for predicting the optical properties of natural waters across different water types.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1196352} (DOI). Bi, S.; Hieronymi, M.; Röttgers, R.: Bio-geo-optical modeling of natural waters. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2023. vol. 10, 1196352. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1196352}}
@misc{ogneva_particulate_organic_2023, 
author={Ogneva, O.,Mollenhauer, G.,Juhls, B.,Sanders, T.,Palmtag, J.,Fuchs, M.,Grotheer, H.,Mann, P.J.,Strauss, J.},
title={Particulate organic matter in the Lena River and its Delta: From the permafrost catchment to the Arctic Ocean},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1423-2023},
abstract = {Rapid Arctic warming accelerates permafrost thaw, causing an additional release of terrestrial organic matter (OM) into rivers and, ultimately, after transport via deltas and estuaries, to the Arctic Ocean nearshore. The majority of our understanding of nearshore OM dynamics and fate has been developed from freshwater rivers despite the likely impact of highly dynamic estuarine and deltaic environments on the transformation, storage, and age of OM delivered to coastal waters. Here, we studied particulate organic carbon (POC) dynamics in the Lena River delta and compared them with POC dynamics in the Lena River main stem along a ∼ 1600 km long transect from Yakutsk, downstream to the delta. We measured POC, total suspended matter (TSM), and carbon isotopes (δ13C and Δ14C) in POC to compare riverine and deltaic OM composition and changes in OM source and fate during transport offshore. We found that TSM and POC concentrations decreased by 70 % during transit from the main stem to the delta and Arctic Ocean. We found deltaic POC to be strongly depleted in 13C relative to fluvial POC. Dual-carbon (Δ14C and δ13C) isotope mixing model analyses indicated a significant phytoplankton contribution to deltaic POC (∼ 68 ± 6 %) and suggested an additional input of permafrost-derived OM into deltaic waters (∼ 18 ± 4 % of deltaic POC originates from Pleistocene deposits vs. ∼ 5 ± 4 % in the river main stem). Despite the lower concentration of POC in the delta than in the main stem (0.41 ± 0.10 vs. 0.79 ± 0.30 mg L−1, respectively), the amount of POC derived from Yedoma deposits in deltaic waters was almost twice as large as the amount of POC of Yedoma origin in the main stem (0.07 ± 0.02 and 0.04 ± 0.02 mg L−1, respectively). We assert that estuarine and deltaic processes require consideration in order to correctly understand OM dynamics throughout Arctic nearshore coastal zones and how these processes may evolve under future climate-driven change.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1423-2023} (DOI). Ogneva, O.; Mollenhauer, G.; Juhls, B.; Sanders, T.; Palmtag, J.; Fuchs, M.; Grotheer, H.; Mann, P.; Strauss, J.: Particulate organic matter in the Lena River and its Delta: From the permafrost catchment to the Arctic Ocean. Biogeosciences. 2023. vol. 20, no. 7, 1423–1441. DOI: 10.5194/bg-20-1423-2023}}
@misc{kaiser_effects_of_2023, 
author={Kaiser, D.,Voynova, Y.G.,Brix, H.},
title={Effects of the 2018 European heatwave and drought on coastal biogeochemistry in the German Bight},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164316},
abstract = {In 2018, Europe experienced an unprecedented heatwave and drought, especially in central and northern Europe, which caused decreased terrestrial production and affected ecosystem health. In this study, the effects of this event on the marine environment are investigate, with a focus on the biogeochemical response in the German Bight of the North Sea. Using time series data from FerryBoxes, research cruises, monitoring programs and remote sensing we compare conditions in 2018 to climatological values. We find that (1) the heatwave caused rapid warming of surface waters, (2) the drought reduced river discharge and nutrient loads to the coast, and (3) these combined effects altered coastal biogeochemistry and productivity. During 2018, both water discharge and nutrient loads from rivers discharging into the German Bight were below the seasonally variable 10th percentile from March onward. Throughout the study domain, water temperature was near or below that threshold in March 2018, but higher than in other years during May 2018, representing not only a heat wave, but also the fastest spring warming on record. This extreme warming period saw concurrent high peaks in chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen and pH, consistent with the development of a strong spring bloom. It appears that productivity was above 75th percentile of the 21-year record in most of the nearshore region, while offshore it was widely below the 25th percentile in 2018. The drought-related low discharge limited nutrient supply from the rivers, but likely increased water residence time nearshore, where a surge in primary production with efficient nutrient utilization during the spring depleted nutrients available for transport offshore. There, the heatwave-related rapid warming of surface water resulted in the establishment of a stable thermal water column stratification, hindering vertical nutrient supply to the surface layer during the summer.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164316} (DOI). Kaiser, D.; Voynova, Y.; Brix, H.: Effects of the 2018 European heatwave and drought on coastal biogeochemistry in the German Bight. Science of the Total Environment. 2023. vol. 892, 164316. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164316}}
@misc{kamjunke_largescale_nutrient_2023, 
author={Kamjunke, N.,Brix, H.,Flöser, G.,Bussmann, I.,Schütze, C.,Achterberg, E.P.,Ködel, U.,Fischer, P.,Rewrie, L.,Sanders, T.,Borchardt, D.,Weitere, M.},
title={Large-scale nutrient and carbon dynamics along the river-estuary-ocean continuum},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164421},
abstract = {Nutrient and carbon dynamics within the river-estuary-coastal water systems are key processes in understanding the flux of matter from the terrestrial environment to the ocean. Here, we analysed those dynamics by following a sampling approach based on the travel time of water and an advanced calculation of nutrient fluxes in the tidal part. We started with a nearly Lagrangian sampling of the river (River Elbe, Germany; 580 km within 8 days). After a subsequent investigation of the estuary, we followed the plume of the river by raster sampling the German Bight (North Sea) using three ships simultaneously. In the river, we detected intensive longitudinal growth of phytoplankton connected with high oxygen saturation and pH values and an undersaturation of CO2, whereas concentrations of dissolved nutrients declined. In the estuary, the Elbe shifted from an autotrophic to a heterotrophic system: Phytoplankton died off upstream of the salinity gradient, causing minima in oxygen saturation and pH, supersaturation of CO2, and a release of nutrients. In the shelf region, phytoplankton and nutrient concentrations were low, oxygen was close to saturation, and pH was within a typical marine range. Over all sections, oxygen saturation was positively related to pH and negatively to pCO2. Corresponding to the significant particulated nutrient flux via phytoplankton, flux rates of dissolved nutrients from river into estuary were low and determined by depleted concentrations. In contrast, fluxes from the estuary to the coastal waters were higher and the pattern was determined by tidal current. Overall, the approach is appropriate to better understand land-ocean fluxes, particularly to illuminate the importance of these fluxes under different seasonal and hydrological conditions, including flood and drought events.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164421} (DOI). Kamjunke, N.; Brix, H.; Flöser, G.; Bussmann, I.; Schütze, C.; Achterberg, E.; Ködel, U.; Fischer, P.; Rewrie, L.; Sanders, T.; Borchardt, D.; Weitere, M.: Large-scale nutrient and carbon dynamics along the river-estuary-ocean continuum. Science of the Total Environment. 2023. vol. 890, 164421. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164421}}
@misc{hieronymi_ocean_color_2023, 
author={Hieronymi, M.,Bi, S.,Müller, D.,Schütt, E.M.,Behr, D.,Brockmann, C.,Lebreton, C.,Steinmetz, F.,Stelzer, K.,Vanhellemont, Q.},
title={Ocean color atmospheric correction methods in view of usability for different optical water types},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1129876},
abstract = {Satellite remote sensing allows large-scale global observations of aquatic ecosystems and matter fluxes from the source through rivers and lakes to coasts, marginal seas into the open ocean. Fuzzy logic classification of optical water types (OWT) is increasingly used to optimally determine water properties and enable seamless transitions between water types. However, effective exploitation of this method requires a successful atmospheric correction (AC) over the entire spectral range, i.e., the upstream AC is suitable for each water type and always delivers classifiable remote-sensing reflectances. In this study, we compare five different AC methods for Sentinel-3/OLCI ocean color imagery, namely IPF, C2RCC, A4O, POLYMER, and ACOLITE-DSF (all in the 2022 current version). We evaluate their results, i.e., remote-sensing reflectance, in terms of spatial exploitability, individual flagging, spectral plausibility compared to in situ data, and OWT classifiability with four different classification schemes. Especially the results of A4O show that it is beneficial if the performance spectrum of the atmospheric correction is tailored to an OWT system and vice versa. The study gives hints on how to improve AC performance, e.g., with respect to homogeneity and flagging, but also how an OWT classification system should be designed for global deployment.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1129876} (DOI). Hieronymi, M.; Bi, S.; Müller, D.; Schütt, E.; Behr, D.; Brockmann, C.; Lebreton, C.; Steinmetz, F.; Stelzer, K.; Vanhellemont, Q.: Ocean color atmospheric correction methods in view of usability for different optical water types. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2023. vol. 10, 1129876. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1129876}}
@misc{fernandes_temperature_stratification_2023, 
author={Fernandes, A.M.,Passos, E.N.,Calil, P.H.R.,Moser, G.A.O.,de Oliveira, E.N.,Espindola, R.P.},
title={Temperature stratification in the Guanabara Bay and its relationship with wind-induced coastal upwelling off Cabo Frio; Brazil},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108433},
abstract = {This study investigates the mechanisms that control the occurrence of cold water intrusion events observed in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To achieve this, we used multiple time-series data comprising in-situ temperatures recorded at depths of 5 m and 20 m in three sites in the Guanabara Bay region, wind velocities from three meteorological stations along the Brazilian coast, and sea level data from a tidal gauge located in the interior of Guanabara Bay. We found that from October 2014 to May 2016, near-bed temperatures in Guanabara Bay were dominated by subinertial variability. We identified subinertial cold water events, defined by temperature values below 18 °C, that were associated with South Atlantic Central Water intrusions. We obtained a total of 21 cold water events during the 18-month (545-day) sampling period, corresponding to 92.5 days or 17% of the time. Additionally, we found statistically significant lag-adjusted correlation coefficients (0.37-0.95) between near-bed (20 m) temperatures in Guanabara Bay and alongshore winds from the Arraial do Cabo meteorological station, which act in the well-known Cabo Frio upwelling system along the coast. These upwelling-favorable winds led near-bed temperature values in Guanabara Bay by 12 to 56 h and provided the remote forcing mechanism for the cold water intrusions in Guanabara Bay. Locally, the shelf-bay intrusion velocity values ranged from 0.04 to 0.50 ms−1, consistent with a gravity current enhanced by baroclinic pressure gradient, the local forcing mechanism. The cold water intrusions caused an increase in the vertical temperature stratification within Guanabara Bay, as verified for all analyzed events. We also identified subinertial oscillations due to Coastal Trapped Waves (CTWs) propagation from our sea level data records and evaluated their impacts on cold water events.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108433} (DOI). Fernandes, A.; Passos, E.; Calil, P.; Moser, G.; de Oliveira, E.; Espindola, R.: Temperature stratification in the Guanabara Bay and its relationship with wind-induced coastal upwelling off Cabo Frio; Brazil. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2023. vol. 291, 108433. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108433}}
@misc{carlson_compact_and_2023, 
author={Carlson, D.F.,Akbulut, S.,Rasmussen, J.F.,Hestbech, C.S.,Andersen, M.H.,Melvad, C.},
title={Compact and modular autonomous surface vehicle for water research: The Naval Operating Research Drone Assessing Climate Change (NORDACC)},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00453},
abstract = {Research, monitoring, and management of marine and aquatic ecosystems often require surface water samples to measure biogeochemical and optical parameters. Traditional sampling with a boat and several personnel onboard can be labor-intensive and safety requirements limit sampling activities in high-risk environments. This paper describes the Naval Operating Research Drone Assessing Climate Change (NORDACC). NORDACC is an open source, light-weight, and portable autonomous surface vehicle that can acquire surface water samples while also measuring sea surface temperature and salinity for the duration of its deployment. NORDACC is ideal for operations in remote areas where resources and personnel are limited. Two sample bottles, each one liter in volume, can be filled, either at pre-programmed sampling stations or manually, using the remote control. A trimaran design provides buoyancy and stability, with hulls constructed of vacuum-formed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic. NORDACC can navigate autonomously between waypoints and features first person view capabilities for enhanced situational awareness. NORDACC’s performance was validated in Aarhus Bay, Denmark, collecting multiple surface water samples in winds in excess of 8 ms−1 and steep, choppy waves.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00453} (DOI). Carlson, D.; Akbulut, S.; Rasmussen, J.; Hestbech, C.; Andersen, M.; Melvad, C.: Compact and modular autonomous surface vehicle for water research: The Naval Operating Research Drone Assessing Climate Change (NORDACC). HardwareX. 2023. vol. 15, e00453. DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00453}}
@misc{schulz_seasonal_variability_2023, 
author={Schulz, G.,Sanders, T.,Voynova, Y.G.,Bange, H.W.,Dähnke, K.},
title={Seasonal variability of nitrous oxide concentrations and emissions in a temperate estuary},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3229-2023},
abstract = {Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential 298 times that of carbon dioxide. Estuaries can be sources of N2O, but their emission estimates have significant uncertainties due to limited data availability and high spatiotemporal variability. We investigated the spatial and seasonal variability of dissolved N2O and its emissions along the Elbe Estuary (Germany), a well-mixed temperate estuary with high nutrient loading from agriculture. During nine research cruises performed between 2017 and 2022, we measured dissolved N2O concentrations, as well as dissolved nutrient and oxygen concentrations along the estuary, and calculated N2O saturations, flux densities, and emissions. We found that the estuary was a year-round source of N2O, with the highest emissions in winter when dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) loads and wind speeds are high. However, in spring and summer, N2O saturations and emissions did not decrease alongside lower riverine nitrogen loads, suggesting that estuarine in situ N2O production is an important source of N2O. We identified two hotspot areas of N2O production: the Port of Hamburg, a major port region, and the mesohaline estuary near the maximum turbidity zone (MTZ). N2O production was fueled by the decomposition of riverine organic matter in the Hamburg Port and by marine organic matter in the MTZ. A comparison with previous measurements in the Elbe Estuary revealed that N2O saturation did not decrease alongside the decrease in DIN concentrations after a significant improvement of water quality in the 1990s that allowed for phytoplankton growth to re-establish in the river and estuary. The overarching control of phytoplankton growth on organic matter and, subsequently, on N2O production highlights the fact that eutrophication and elevated agricultural nutrient input can increase N2O emissions in estuaries.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3229-2023} (DOI). Schulz, G.; Sanders, T.; Voynova, Y.; Bange, H.; Dähnke, K.: Seasonal variability of nitrous oxide concentrations and emissions in a temperate estuary. Biogeosciences. 2023. vol. 20, no. 15, 3229–3247. DOI: 10.5194/bg-20-3229-2023}}
@misc{sandven_seasonality_and_2023, 
author={Sandven, H.,Hamre, B.,Petit, T.,Röttgers, R.,Liu, H.,Granskog, M.A.},
title={Seasonality and drivers of water column optical properties on the northwestern Barents Sea shelf},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103076},
abstract = {Hydrographic and bio-optical measurements were conducted along a south–north transect on the northwestern Barents Sea shelf from early spring to late summer in 2021. Strong climate change manifestations observed in this region are rapidly changing the marine environment. These rare observations cover the seasonal evolution from well-mixed and sea ice-covered winter conditions, through sea ice retreat in spring, to late summer where the sea ice had largely retreated and the water column was stratified due to sea ice melt.,Phytoplankton drives the spatial and temporal variability in optical properties in most of the water column, but increased scattering and absorption could also be seen in the bottom boundary layer due to resuspended particles. The relationship between chlorophyll-a and particulate absorption deviates from the globally observed relationship, likely due to light adaptations in the ice-covered water masses. We recommend developing specific models for spring phytoplankton growth in ice-covered waters to accurately account for self-shading effects. The absorption of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) was relatively low, due to waters of Atlantic origin in the studied region, and varied considerably less than particulate absorption. CDOM was nevertheless the optically dominant ocean constituent in the very clear waters in late winter.,Regional relationships for estimating particulate organic carbon (POC) and chlorophyll-a concentrations from in situ attenuation and fluorescence measurements were developed. POC may act as an alternative indicator to chlorophyll-a for optical properties in ice-covered open ocean, which is relevant for light availability parametrizations in biogeochemical ocean models.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103076} (DOI). Sandven, H.; Hamre, B.; Petit, T.; Röttgers, R.; Liu, H.; Granskog, M.: Seasonality and drivers of water column optical properties on the northwestern Barents Sea shelf. Progress in Oceanography. 2023. vol. 217, 103076. DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103076}}
@misc{schanz_robust_detection_2023, 
author={Schanz, T.,Möller, K.O.,Rühl, S.,Greenberg, D.S.},
title={Robust detection of marine life with label-free image feature learning and probability calibration},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ace417},
abstract = {Advances in in situ marine life imaging have significantly increased the size and quality of available datasets, but automatic image analysis has not kept pace. Machine learning has shown promise for image processing, but its effectiveness is limited by several open challenges: the requirement for large expert-labeled training datasets, disagreement among experts, under-representation of various species and unreliable or overconfident predictions. To overcome these obstacles for automated underwater imaging, we combine and test recent developments in deep classifier networks and self-supervised feature learning. We use unlabeled images for pretraining deep neural networks to extract task-relevant image features, allowing learning algorithms to cope with scarcity in expert labels, and carefully evaluate performance in subsequent label-based tasks. Performance on rare classes is improved by applying data rebalancing together with a Bayesian correction to avoid biasing inferred in situ class frequencies. A divergence-based loss allows training on multiple, conflicting labels for the same image, leading to better estimates of uncertainty which we quantify with a novel accuracy measure. Together, these techniques can reduce the required label counts ∼100-fold while maintaining the accuracy of standard supervised training, shorten training time, cope with expert disagreement and reduce overconfidence.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ace417} (DOI). Schanz, T.; Möller, K.; Rühl, S.; Greenberg, D.: Robust detection of marine life with label-free image feature learning and probability calibration. Machine Learning: Science and Technology. 2023. vol. 4, no. 3, 035007. DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/ace417}}
@misc{lehmann_alkalinity_generation_2023, 
author={Lehmann, N.,Lantuit, H.,Böttcher, M.E.,Hartmann, J.,Eulenburg, A.,Thomas, H.},
title={Alkalinity generation from carbonate weathering in a silicate-dominated headwater catchment at Iskorasfjellet, northern Norway},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3459-2023},
abstract = {The weathering rate of carbonate minerals is several orders of magnitude higher than for silicate minerals. Therefore, small amounts of carbonate minerals have the potential to control the dissolved weathering loads in silicate-dominated catchments. Both weathering processes produce alkalinity under the consumption of CO2. Given that only alkalinity generation from silicate weathering is thought to be a long-term sink for CO2, a misattributed weathering source could lead to incorrect conclusions about long- and short-term CO2 fixation. In this study, we aimed to identify the weathering sources responsible for alkalinity generation and CO2 fixation across watershed scales in a degrading permafrost landscape in northern Norway, 68.7–70.5∘ N, and on a temporal scale, in a subarctic headwater catchment on the mountainside of Iskorasfjellet, characterized by sporadic permafrost and underlain mainly by silicates as the alkalinity-bearing lithology. By analyzing total alkalinity (AT) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations, as well as the stable isotope signature of the latter (δ13C-DIC), in conjunction with dissolved cation and anion loads, we found that AT was almost entirely derived from weathering of the sparse carbonate minerals. We propose that in the headwater catchment the riparian zone is a hotspot area of AT generation and release due to its enhanced hydrological connectivity and that the weathering load contribution from the uphill catchment is limited by insufficient contact time of weathering agents and weatherable materials. By using stable water isotopes, it was possible to explain temporal variations in AT concentrations following a precipitation event due to surface runoff. In addition to carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, probably originating from oxidation of pyrite or reduced sulfur in wetlands or from acid deposition, is shown to be a potential corrosive reactant. An increased proportion of sulfuric acid as a potential weathering agent may have resulted in a decrease in AT. Therefore, carbonate weathering in the studied area should be considered not only as a short-term CO2 sink but also as a potential CO2 source. Finally, we found that AT increased with decreasing permafrost probability, and attributed this relation to an increased water storage capacity associated with increasing contact of weathering agent and rock surfaces and enhanced microbial activity. As both soil respiration and permafrost thaw are expected to increase with climate change, increasing the availability of weathering agents in the form of CO2 and water storage capacity, respectively, we suggest that future weathering rates and alkalinity generation will increase concomitantly in the study area.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3459-2023} (DOI). Lehmann, N.; Lantuit, H.; Böttcher, M.; Hartmann, J.; Eulenburg, A.; Thomas, H.: Alkalinity generation from carbonate weathering in a silicate-dominated headwater catchment at Iskorasfjellet, northern Norway. Biogeosciences. 2023. vol. 20, no. 16, 3459-3479. DOI: 10.5194/bg-20-3459-2023}}
@misc{baumann_drivers_of_2023, 
author={Baumann, M.,Paul, A.J.,Taucher, J.,Bach, L.T.,Goldenberg, S.,Stange, P.,Minutolo, F.,Riebesell, U.},
title={Drivers of Particle Sinking Velocities in the Peruvian Upwelling System},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2595-2023},
abstract = {As one of Earth's most productive marine ecosystems, the Peruvian upwelling system transports large amounts of biogenic matter from the surface to the deep ocean. Whilst particle sinking velocity is a key factor controlling the biological pump, thereby affecting carbon sequestration and O2-depletion, it has not yet been measured in this system. During a 50 d mesocosm experiment in the surface waters off the coast of Peru, we assessed particle sinking velocities and their biogeochemical and physical drivers. We further characterized the general properties of exported particles under different phytoplankton communities and nutritional states. Average sinking velocities varied between size classes and ranged from 12.8 ± 0.7 m d−1 (particles 40–100 µm) to 19.4 ± 0.7 m d−1 (particles 100–250 µm) and 34.2 ± 1.5 m d−1 (particles 250–1000 µm) (± 95 % CI). Despite a distinct plankton succession from diatoms to dinoflagellates with concomitant 5-fold drop in opal ballasting, substantial changes in sinking velocity were not observed. This illustrates the complexity of counteracting factors driving the settling behaviour of marine particles. In contrast, we found higher sinking velocities with increasing particle size and roundness and decreasing porosity. Size had by far the strongest influence among these physical particle properties, despite a high amount of unexplained variability. Our study provides a detailed analysis of the drivers of particle sinking velocity in the Peruvian upwelling system, which allows modellers to optimize local particle flux parameterization. This will help to better project oxygen concentrations and carbon sequestration in a region that is subject to substantial climate-driven changes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2595-2023} (DOI). Baumann, M.; Paul, A.; Taucher, J.; Bach, L.; Goldenberg, S.; Stange, P.; Minutolo, F.; Riebesell, U.: Drivers of Particle Sinking Velocities in the Peruvian Upwelling System. Biogeosciences. 2023. vol. 20, no. 13, 2595-2612. DOI: 10.5194/bg-20-2595-2023}}
@misc{schulz_low_discharge_2023, 
author={Schulz, G.,van Beusekom, J.E.E.,Jacob, J.,Bold, S.,Schöl, A.,Ankele, M.,Sanders, T.,Dähnke, K.},
title={Low discharge intensifies nitrogen retention in rivers – a case study in the Elbe River},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166740},
abstract = {Eutrophication due to excessive nutrient inputs is a major threat to coastal ecosystems worldwide, causing harmful algae blooms, seagrass loss and hypoxia. Decisions to combat eutrophication in the North Sea were made in the 1980s. Despite significant improvements during recent decades, high nitrogen loads and resulting eutrophication problems remain. In this study, long-term changes in nitrogen inputs to the Elbe Estuary (Germany) were characterized based on nitrogen data provided by the Elbe River Basin Community from 1985 to 2019. Additionally, surface water samples were taken at the weir separating the river from the estuary from 2011 to 2021 to characterize dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations and nitrate stable isotope composition. The findings suggest a close coupling of river discharge with the riverine nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen loads decreased disproportionately with decreasing discharge. This decrease is due to intensified nitrogen retention in the Elbe catchment, which can double nitrogen retention compared to average discharge conditions. Phytoplankton growth was enhanced by long residence times and high light availability at low water levels. This suggests that the recent decreases in nitrogen loads in the Elbe River were not only a result of management measures in the catchment but were also amplified by a recent long-lasting drought in the catchment. Based on projections from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, more frequent and extensive droughts are anticipated, which may lead to future seasonal shifts to nitrate limitation in the lower Elbe River.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166740} (DOI). Schulz, G.; van Beusekom, J.; Jacob, J.; Bold, S.; Schöl, A.; Ankele, M.; Sanders, T.; Dähnke, K.: Low discharge intensifies nitrogen retention in rivers – a case study in the Elbe River. Science of the Total Environment. 2023. vol. 904, 166740. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166740}}
@misc{rosentreter_coastal_vegetation_2023, 
author={Rosentreter, J.A.,Laruelle, G.G.,Bange, H.W.,Bianchi, T.S.,Busecke, J.J.M.,Cai, W.-J.,Eyre, B.D.,Forbrich, I.,Kwon, E.Y.,Maavara, T.,Moosdorf, N.,Najjar, R.G.,Sarma, V.V.S.S.,Van Dam, B.,Regnier, P.},
title={Coastal vegetation and estuaries are collectively a greenhouse gas sink},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01682-9},
abstract = {Coastal ecosystems release or absorb carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), but the net effects of these ecosystems on the radiative balance remain unknown. We compiled a dataset of observations from 738 sites from studies published between 1975 and 2020 to quantify CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in estuaries and coastal vegetation in ten global regions. We show that the CO2-equivalent (CO2e) uptake by coastal vegetation is decreased by 23–27% due to estuarine CO2e outgassing, resulting in a global median net sink of 391 or 444 TgCO2e yr−1 using the 20- or 100-year global warming potentials, respectively. Globally, total coastal CH4 and N2O emissions decrease the coastal CO2 sink by 9–20%. Southeast Asia, North America and Africa are critical regional hotspots of GHG sinks. Understanding these hotspots can guide our efforts to strengthen coastal CO2 uptake while effectively reducing CH4 and N2O emissions.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01682-9} (DOI). Rosentreter, J.; Laruelle, G.; Bange, H.; Bianchi, T.; Busecke, J.; Cai, W.; Eyre, B.; Forbrich, I.; Kwon, E.; Maavara, T.; Moosdorf, N.; Najjar, R.; Sarma, V.; Van Dam, B.; Regnier, P.: Coastal vegetation and estuaries are collectively a greenhouse gas sink. Nature Climate Change. 2023. vol. 13, 579-587. DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01682-9}}
@misc{li_contributions_of_2023, 
author={Li, J.,Li, Y.,Dong, X.,Wang, H.,Cai, X.,Zhu, Y.,Lyu, H.,Zeng, S.,Bi, S.,Wang, G.},
title={Contributions of meteorology and nutrient to the surface cyanobacterial blooms at different timescales in the shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165064},
abstract = {Quantitative assessments of the contributions of various environmental factors to cyanobacterial blooms at different timescales are lacking. Here, the hourly cyanobacterial bloom intensity (CBI) index, a proxy for the intensity of surface cyanobacterial biomass, was obtained from the geostationary satellite sensor Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) over the years 2011–2018. Generalized additive model was applied to determine the responses of monthly and hourly CBI to the perturbations of meteorological factors, water stability and nutrients, with variation partitioning analysis used to analyze the relative importance of the three groups of variables to the inter-monthly variation of diurnal CBI in each season. The effects of environmental factors on surface cyanobacterial blooms varied at different timescales. Hourly CBI increased with increasing air temperature up to 18 °C but decreased sharply above 18 °C, whereas monthly CBI increased with increasing air temperature up to 30 °C and stabilized thereafter. Among all the environmental factors, air temperature had the largest contribution to the intra-daily variation in CBI; water stability had the highest explanation rate for the inter-monthly variation of diurnal CBI during summer (42.3 %) and autumn (56.9 %); total phosphorus explained the most variation in monthly CBI (18.5 %). Compared with cyanobacterial biomass (CB) in the water column, high light and low wind speed caused significantly lower CBI in July and higher CBI in November respectively. Interestingly, cyanobacterial blooms at the hourly scale were aggravated by climate warming during winter and spring but inhibited during summer and autumn. Collectively, this study reveals the effects of environmental factors on surface cyanobacterial blooms at different timescales and suggests the consideration of the hourly effect of air temperature in short-term predictions of cyanobacterial blooms.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165064} (DOI). Li, J.; Li, Y.; Dong, X.; Wang, H.; Cai, X.; Zhu, Y.; Lyu, H.; Zeng, S.; Bi, S.; Wang, G.: Contributions of meteorology and nutrient to the surface cyanobacterial blooms at different timescales in the shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu. Science of the Total Environment. 2023. vol. 894, 165064. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165064}}
@misc{strait_preliminary_results_2023, 
author={Strait, C.M.,Tonizzo, A.,Röttgers, R.,Slade, W.,Twardowski, M.S.},
title={Preliminary Results of New Calibration Approach and Uncertainty Assessment for PSICAM},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2663974},
abstract = {A rigorous view of the uncertainties in Sunstone PSICAM (Point Source Integrated Cavity Absorption Meter) measurements are investigated. Multiple sources of error can greatly influence the accuracy of PSICAM absorption measurements: measurement noise, spectrometer stability, light source stability, calibration and external verification of the standard are a few of the sources of errors that were investigated. Measurement noise can be reduced through repetitive measurements. Using more than 300 averages for each measurement provided repeatability of measurements with a mean absolute difference less than 0.001 m-1 across the visible spectra. Like with other tube and cuvette style absorption meters, bubbles are a potent contaminant when determining absorption. The stability of the spectrometer with time and temperature are explored. Non-linearity and wavelength registration are also considered in reducing errors. Light source stability and output with time are also presented. Due to its small size the PSICAM is used both in the lab and at sea. Accurate absorption values require calibration to be conducted to account for the reflectivity (𝜌) of the sphere. Currently nigrosine dye is used to measure the reflectivity and requires a priori knowledge of the absorption of the dye. An examination of the stability of nigrosine dye is conducted for both filtered and non-filtered dye. A solid standard is proposed to improve the determination of reflectivity in the sphere.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2663974} (DOI). Strait, C.; Tonizzo, A.; Röttgers, R.; Slade, W.; Twardowski, M.: Preliminary Results of New Calibration Approach and Uncertainty Assessment for PSICAM. Proceedings of SPIE: Ocean Sensing and Monitoring XV. 2023. vol. 12543, 125430F. DOI: 10.1117/12.2663974}}
@misc{zhu_spatial_and_2023, 
author={Zhu, Y.,Li, Y.,Bi, S.,Lyu, H.,Cai, X.,Wang, H.,Li, J.,Xu, J.},
title={Spatial and temporal distribution analysis of dominant algae in Lake Taihu based on ocean and land color instrument data},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110959},
abstract = {The proliferation of algal blooms can lead to environmental issues. The phytoplankton responsible for these blooms are diverse. Different species of bloom-forming algae have distinct characteristics and hazards, and therefore need different treatment methods. An accurate and quick determination of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of different algal species is crucial for lake ecological restoration. Based on the differences in remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) of various typical algae species in eutrophic lakes (including Microcystis aeruginosa, Aphanizomenon sp., and Pseudanabaena sp. in Cyanobacteria and Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus quadricauda in Chlorophytes), difference index and algae distinguishing index were developed to differentiate algae species. A validation, using an independent dataset from an indoor experiment and in-situ-measured and satellite-image-derived Rrs, showed that the algorithm can provide reliable results (overall accuracies of 81.97%, 81.25%, and 60.42%, respectively). According to Ocean and Land Color Instrument images of Lake Taihu in the period of 2016 to 2020, Microcystis was the dominant algae, followed by Pseudanabaena and Aphanizomenon. The dominance of the two types of Chlorophytes was less pronounced. The proportion of Microcystis as the dominant algae was highest in summer, while the proportion of Pseudanabaena peaked in winter. The proportion of Aphanizomenon varied slightly throughout the year, while the proportion of the two Chlorophytes peaked in winter. In terms of spatial distribution, the patterns in spring and autumn were relatively similar. In summer, approximately 80% of the lake was dominated by Microcystis. In winter, Chlorella and Scenedesmus were more prevalent along the southeastern shore of Lake Taihu. The construction and application of this model can provide a technical support for prediction and prevention of blooms in inland lakes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110959} (DOI). Zhu, Y.; Li, Y.; Bi, S.; Lyu, H.; Cai, X.; Wang, H.; Li, J.; Xu, J.: Spatial and temporal distribution analysis of dominant algae in Lake Taihu based on ocean and land color instrument data. Ecological Indicators. 2023. vol. 155, 110959. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110959}}
@misc{norbisrath_alkalinity_and_2023, 
author={Norbisrath, M.,Neumann, A.,Dähnke, K.,Sanders, T.,Schöl, A.,van Beusekom, J.E.E.,Thomas, H.},
title={Alkalinity and nitrate dynamics reveal dominance of anammox in a hyper-turbid estuary},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4307-2023},
abstract = {Total alkalinity (TA) regulates the oceanic storage capacity of atmospheric CO2. In heterotrophic temperate estuaries, anaerobic respiration of organic matter, e.g., by denitrification, can be an important source of TA. Denitrification is the anaerobic reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to elemental nitrogen (N2). By contrast, anammox yields N2 as its terminal product via comproportionation of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrite (NO2-); however, this occurs without release of TA as a byproduct. In order to investigate these two nitrate and nitrite respiration pathways and their resulting impact on TA generation, we sampled the highly turbid estuary of the Ems River, discharging into the North Sea in June 2020. During ebb tide, a transect was sampled from the Wadden Sea to the upper tidal estuary, where we additionally sampled fluid mud for incubation experiments and five vertical profiles in the hyper-turbid tidal river. The data reveal a strong increase of TA and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the tidal river, where stable nitrate isotopes indicate water column denitrification as the dominant pathway. However, in the fluid mud of the tidal river, the measured TA and the N2 incubation experiments imply only low denitrification rates, with the majority of the N2 being produced by anammox (>90 %). The relative abundances of anammox and denitrification, respectively, thus exert a major control on the CO2 storage capacity of adjacent coastal waters.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4307-2023} (DOI). Norbisrath, M.; Neumann, A.; Dähnke, K.; Sanders, T.; Schöl, A.; van Beusekom, J.; Thomas, H.: Alkalinity and nitrate dynamics reveal dominance of anammox in a hyper-turbid estuary. Biogeosciences. 2023. vol. 20, no. 20, 4307-4321. DOI: 10.5194/bg-20-4307-2023}}
@misc{dupouy_a_review_2023, 
author={Dupouy, C.,Whiteside, A.,Tan, J.,Wattelez, G.,Murakami, H.,Andréoli, R.,Lefèvre, J.,Röttgers, R.,Singh, A.,Frouin, R.},
title={A Review of Ocean Color Algorithms to Detect Trichodesmium Oceanic Blooms and Quantify Chlorophyll Concentration in Shallow Coral Lagoons of South Pacific Archipelagos},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15215194},
abstract = {The oceanic waters of the Southwest Tropical Pacific occupy a vast region including multiple Pacific Island Countries. The state of these waters is determinant for fisheries and the blue economy. Ocean color remote sensing is the main tool to survey the variability and long-term evolution of these large areas that are important for economic development but are affected by climate change. Unlike vast oligotrophic gyres, tropical waters are characterized by numerous archipelagos and islands, with deep and shallow lagoons subjected to the large impacts of the land. Strikingly large dendritic phytoplankton (Trichodesmium) blooms with high levels of chlorophyll, developing within archipelagos, as well as coastal enrichments from various origins may be observed. Algorithms to detect the presence of Trichodesmium have been developed or adapted, as well as algorithms to estimate the chlorophyll concentration ([Chl-a)]. Adapting existing [Chl-a] algorithms does not always yield high, i.e., sufficient, accuracy. A review of published regional bio-optical algorithms developed taking into account the specific phytoplankton composition and minimizing the adverse impacts of particles and the seabed bottom on [Chl-a] determination is presented, as well the bio-optical database that allowed their development. The interest of such algorithms for a variety of applications and scientific accomplishments is highlighted, with a view to further addressing the main biology and biogeochemistry questions, e.g., to determine the true impact of diazotrophs and assess lagoon [Chl-a] variability with the highest confidence. This work anticipates the use of future coarse and high-spatial-resolution and multi- and hyper-spectral satellite imagery in the Pacific.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15215194} (DOI). Dupouy, C.; Whiteside, A.; Tan, J.; Wattelez, G.; Murakami, H.; Andréoli, R.; Lefèvre, J.; Röttgers, R.; Singh, A.; Frouin, R.: A Review of Ocean Color Algorithms to Detect Trichodesmium Oceanic Blooms and Quantify Chlorophyll Concentration in Shallow Coral Lagoons of South Pacific Archipelagos. Remote Sensing. 2023. vol. 15, no. 21, 5194. DOI: 10.3390/rs15215194}}
@misc{rewrie_recent_inorganic_2023, 
author={Rewrie, L.C.V.,Baschek, B.,van Beusekom, J.E.E.,Körtzinger, A.,Ollesch, G.,Voynova, Y.G.},
title={Recent inorganic carbon increase in a temperate estuary driven by water quality improvement and enhanced by droughts},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4931-2023},
abstract = {Estuaries are an important contributor to the global carbon budget, facilitating carbon removal, transfer, and transformation between land and the coastal ocean. Estuaries are susceptible to global climate change and anthropogenic perturbations. We find that a long-term significant mid-estuary increase in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of 6–21 µmol kg−1 yr−1 (1997–2020) in a temperate estuary in Germany (Elbe Estuary) was driven by an increase in upper-estuary particulate organic carbon (POC) content of 8–14 µmol kg−1 yr−1. The temporal POC increase was due to an overall improvement in water quality observed in the form of high rates of primary production and a significant drop in biological oxygen demand. The magnitude of mid-estuary DIC gain was equivalent to the increased POC production in the upper estuary, suggesting that POC is effectively remineralized and retained as DIC in the mid-estuary, with the estuary acting as an efficient natural filter for POC. In the context of this significant long-term DIC increase, a recent extended drought period (2014–2020) significantly lowered the annual mean river discharge (468 ± 234 m3 s−1) compared to the long-term mean (690 ± 441 m3 s−1, 1960–2020), while the late spring internal DIC load in the estuary doubled. The drought induced a longer dry season, starting in May (earlier than normal), increased the residence time in the estuary and allowed for a more complete remineralization period of POC. Annually, 77 %–94 % of the total DIC export was laterally transported to the coastal waters, reaching 89 ± 4.8 Gmol C yr−1, and thus, between 1997 and 2020, only an estimated maximum of 23 % (10 Gmol C yr−1) was released via carbon dioxide (CO2) evasion. Export of DIC to coastal waters decreased significantly during the drought, on average by 24 % (2014–2020: 38 ± 5.4 Gmol C yr−1), compared to the non-drought period. In contrast, there was no change in the water–air CO2 flux during the drought. We have identified that seasonal changes in DIC processing in an estuary require consideration when estimating both the long-term and future changes in water–air CO2 flux and DIC export to coastal waters. Regional and global carbon budgets should therefore take into account carbon cycling estimates in estuaries, as well as their changes over time in relation to impacts of water quality changes and extreme hydrological events.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4931-2023} (DOI). Rewrie, L.; Baschek, B.; van Beusekom, J.; Körtzinger, A.; Ollesch, G.; Voynova, Y.: Recent inorganic carbon increase in a temperate estuary driven by water quality improvement and enhanced by droughts. Biogeosciences. 2023. vol. 20, no. 24, 4931–4947. DOI: 10.5194/bg-20-4931-2023}}
@misc{bonthond_benthic_microbial_2023, 
author={Bonthond, G.,Beermann, J.,Gutow, L.,Neumann, A.,Barboza, F.R.,Desiderato, A.,Fofonova, V.,Helber, S.B.,Khodami, S.,Kraan, C. and Neumann, H.,Rhode, S.,Schupp, P.J.},
title={Benthic microbial biogeographic trends in the North Sea are shaped by an interplay of environmental drivers and bottom trawling effort},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s43705-023-00336-3},
abstract = {Microbial composition and diversity in marine sediments are shaped by environmental, biological, and anthropogenic processes operating at different scales. However, our understanding of benthic microbial biogeography remains limited. Here, we used 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to characterize benthic microbiota in the North Sea from the top centimeter of 339 sediment samples. We utilized spatially explicit statistical models, to disentangle the effects of the different predictors, including bottom trawling intensity, a prevalent industrial fishing practice which heavily impacts benthic ecosystems. Fitted models demonstrate how the geographic interplay of different environmental and anthropogenic drivers shapes the diversity, structure and potential metabolism of benthic microbial communities. Sediment properties were the primary determinants, with diversity increasing with sediment permeability but also with mud content, highlighting different underlying processes. Additionally, diversity and structure varied with total organic matter content, temperature, bottom shear stress and bottom trawling. Changes in diversity associated with bottom trawling intensity were accompanied by shifts in predicted energy metabolism. Specifically, with increasing trawling intensity, we observed a transition toward more aerobic heterotrophic and less denitrifying predicted metabolism. Our findings provide first insights into benthic microbial biogeographic patterns on a large spatial scale and illustrate how anthropogenic activity such as bottom trawling may influence the distribution and abundances of microbes and potential metabolism at macroecological scales.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s43705-023-00336-3} (DOI). Bonthond, G.; Beermann, J.; Gutow, L.; Neumann, A.; Barboza, F.; Desiderato, A.; Fofonova, V.; Helber, S.; Khodami, S.; Kraan, C.; Rhode, S.; Schupp, P.: Benthic microbial biogeographic trends in the North Sea are shaped by an interplay of environmental drivers and bottom trawling effort. ISME Communications. 2023. vol. 3, 132. DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00336-3}}
@misc{walworth_genuswide_transcriptional_2023, 
author={Walworth, N.G.,Espinoza, J.L.,Argyle, P.A.,Hinners, J.,Levine, N.M.,Doblin, M.A.,Dupont, C.L.,Collins, S.},
title={Genus-Wide Transcriptional Landscapes Reveal Correlated Gene Networks Underlying Microevolutionary Divergence in Diatoms},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msad218},
abstract = {Marine microbes like diatoms make up the base of marine food webs and drive global nutrient cycles. Despite their key roles in ecology, biogeochemistry, and biotechnology, we have limited empirical data on how forces other than adaptation may drive diatom diversification, especially in the absence of environmental change. One key feature of diatom populations is frequent extreme reductions in population size, which can occur both in situ and ex situ as part of bloom-and-bust growth dynamics. This can drive divergence between closely related lineages, even in the absence of environmental differences. Here, we combine experimental evolution and transcriptome landscapes (t-scapes) to reveal repeated evolutionary divergence within several species of diatoms in a constant environment. We show that most of the transcriptional divergence can be captured on a reduced set of axes, and that repeatable evolution can occur along a single major axis of variation defined by core ortholog expression comprising common metabolic pathways. Previous work has associated specific transcriptional changes in gene networks with environmental factors. Here, we find that these same gene networks diverge in the absence of environmental change, suggesting these pathways may be central in generating phenotypic diversity as a result of both selective and random evolutionary forces. If this is the case, these genes and the functions they encode may represent universal axes of variation. Such axes that capture suites of interacting transcriptional changes during diversification improve our understanding of both global patterns in local adaptation and microdiversity, as well as evolutionary forces shaping algal cultivation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msad218} (DOI). Walworth, N.; Espinoza, J.; Argyle, P.; Hinners, J.; Levine, N.; Doblin, M.; Dupont, C.; Collins, S.: Genus-Wide Transcriptional Landscapes Reveal Correlated Gene Networks Underlying Microevolutionary Divergence in Diatoms. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2023. vol. 40, no. 10, msad218. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad218}}
@misc{jungbluth_interface_failure_2023, 
author={Jungbluth, J.,Bruns, S.,Schmidt, C.,Beckmann, F.,Moosmann, J.,Gapeeva, A.,Carstensen, J.,Adelung, R.,Zeller-Plumhoff, B.,Gurka, M.},
title={Interface failure analysis of embedded NiTi SMA wires using in situ high-resolution X-ray synchrotron tomography},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2023.113345},
abstract = {High-resolution X-ray in situ pull-out tests with stepwise increasing load were performed to investigate the force transfer between a NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) wire with selectively electrochemically structured surface and the surrounding epoxy polymer matrix. The advancing interfacial failure was observed. Furthermore, the stochastic surface structure of the SMA wire was utilized to determine the axial and radial strains introduced into the SMA wire during the test by performing digital volume correlation on the reconstructed microcomputed tomography (μCT) data. Thus, the global and local strain of the embedded SMA wire volume could be correlated with the force of the first interfacial failure. Using image segmentation on the cross-sections derived from the reconstructed μCT volume data, it was possible to quantitatively assess the growth of the amount of delamination along the observed length of the embedded SMA wire for increasing load levels. In addition, the advancing interfacial failure was correlated with changes in the cross-sectional area of the SMA wire due to transverse contraction. Finally, the local surface strain characteristics of an embedded SMA wire during μCT of an in situ pull-out test were compared to a non-embedded SMA wire loaded in situ. It was found that the polymer matrix exerts an external stress on the SMA wire, constraining its radial strain. Thereby, the study reveals that interfacial failure is not only a shear-stress-induced failure.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2023.113345} (DOI). Jungbluth, J.; Bruns, S.; Schmidt, C.; Beckmann, F.; Moosmann, J.; Gapeeva, A.; Carstensen, J.; Adelung, R.; Zeller-Plumhoff, B.; Gurka, M.: Interface failure analysis of embedded NiTi SMA wires using in situ high-resolution X-ray synchrotron tomography. Materials Characterization. 2023. vol. 205, 113345. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2023.113345}}
@misc{zhou_prediction_of_2022, 
author={Zhou, S.,Xu, X.,Ma, N.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Prediction of the epichlorohydrin derived cytotoxic substances from the eluent of poly(glycerol glycidyl ether) films},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1557/s43580-021-00132-y},
abstract = {Glycerol-based epoxy networks have great potential for surface functionalization, providing anti-microbial and protein repellant function. However, the synthesis of glycerol glycidyl ether (GGE) monomer often requires excessive epichlorohydrin (ECH). ECH derived organochloride containing byproducts from monomer production maybe present in the eluent of the polymer networks prepared by cationic ring-opening polymerization. Here, the cytotoxicity analysis revealed cell damages in contact with the polyGGE eluent. The occurrence of organochlorides, which was predicted based on the data from high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, as confirmed by a constant chloride level in GGE and polyGGE, and by a specific peak of C–Cl in infrared spectra of GGE. The resulting polyGGE was densely crosslinked, which possibly contribute to the trapping of organochlorides. These results provide a valuable information for exploring the toxins leaching from polyGGE and propose a feasible strategy for minimizing the cytotoxicity via reducing their crosslink density.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1557/s43580-021-00132-y} (DOI). Zhou, S.; Xu, X.; Ma, N.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Prediction of the epichlorohydrin derived cytotoxic substances from the eluent of poly(glycerol glycidyl ether) films. MRS Advances. 2022. vol. 7, 354-359. DOI: 10.1557/s43580-021-00132-y}}
@misc{spieckermann_oxygen_consumption_2022, 
author={Spieckermann, M.,Gröngröft, A.,Karrasch, M.,Neumann, A.,Eschenbach, A.},
title={Oxygen Consumption of Resuspended Sediments of the Upper Elbe Estuary: Process Identification and Prognosis},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-021-09401-6},
abstract = {The resuspension of sediment leads to an increased release of nutrients and organic substances into the overlying water column, which can have a negative effect on the oxygen budget. Especially in the warmer months with a lower oxygen saturation and higher biological activity, the oxygen content can reach critical thresholds in estuaries like the upper Elbe estuary. Many studies have dealt with the nutrient fluxes that occur during a resuspension event. However, the sediment properties that influence the oxygen consumption potential (OCP) and the different biochemical processes have not been examined in detail. To fill this gap, we investigated the biogeochemical composition, texture, and OCP of sediments at 21 locations as well as the temporal variability within one location for a period of 2 years (monthly sampling) in the upper Elbe estuary. The OCP of sediments during a seven-day resuspension event can be described by the processes of sulphate formation, nitrification, and mineralisation. Chlorophyll, total nitrogen (Ntotal), and total organic carbon showed the highest correlations with the OCP. Based on these correlations, we developed a prognosis model to calculate the OCP for the upper Elbe estuary with a single sediment parameter (Ntotal). The model is well suited to calculate the oxygen consumption of resuspended sediments in the Hamburg port area during the relevant warmer months and shows a normalised root mean squared error of < 0.11 ± 0.13. Thus, the effect of maintenance measures such as water injection dredging and ship-induced wave on the oxygen budget of the water can be calculated.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-021-09401-6} (DOI). Spieckermann, M.; Gröngröft, A.; Karrasch, M.; Neumann, A.; Eschenbach, A.: Oxygen Consumption of Resuspended Sediments of the Upper Elbe Estuary: Process Identification and Prognosis. Aquatic Geochemistry. 2022. vol. 28, 1-25. DOI: 10.1007/s10498-021-09401-6}}
@misc{shi_wind_induced_2022, 
author={Shi, W.,Zhu, L.,Van Dam, B.,Smyth, A.R.,Deng, J.,Zhou, J.,Pan, G.,Yi, Q.,Yu, J.,Qin, B.},
title={Wind induced algal migration manipulates sediment denitrification N-loss patterns in shallow Taihu Lake, China},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117887},
abstract = {Driven by winds, the distribution of algae is often noticeably patchy at kilometer scales in shallow lakes. The decomposition of the settled algal biomass may affect nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycles and thereby N loss in sediments. In this study, we investigated sediment denitrification N-loss patterns along algal migration pathway in Taihu Lake, a shallow and eutrophic lake in China, and found that wind-induced algal migration in the overlying water manipulated the temporal and spatial patterns of denitrification N-loss in sediments. A N loss hotspot in sediments was created in the algae concentrated zone, where N loss was, however, temporarily inhibited during algal bloom seasons and generally exhibited a negative relationship with algal biomass. In the zone where algae have left, sediment N loss rate was relatively low and positively correlated with algal biomass. The decay of algal biomass generated organic carbon and created anoxia, favoring denitrification, while excessive algal biomass could deplete oxygen and inhibit nitrification, causing nitrate limitation for denitrification. Piecewise linear regression analysis indicated that algal biomass of Chl-a > 73.0 μg/L in the overlying water could inhibit denitrification N-loss in sediments. This study adds to our understanding of N biogeochemical cycles in shallow eutrophic lakes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117887} (DOI). Shi, W.; Zhu, L.; Van Dam, B.; Smyth, A.; Deng, J.; Zhou, J.; Pan, G.; Yi, Q.; Yu, J.; Qin, B.: Wind induced algal migration manipulates sediment denitrification N-loss patterns in shallow Taihu Lake, China. Water Research. 2022. vol. 209, 117887. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117887}}
@misc{sanders_seasonal_nitrogen_2022, 
author={Sanders, T.,Fiencke, C.,Fuchs, M.,Haugk, C.,Juhls, B.,Mollenhauer, G.,Ogneva, O.,Overduin, P.,Palmtag, J.,Povazhniy, V.,Strauss, J.,Tuerena, R.,Zell, N.,Dähnke, K.},
title={Seasonal nitrogen fluxes of the Lena River Delta},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01665-0},
abstract = {The Arctic is nutrient limited, particularly by nitrogen, and is impacted by anthropogenic global warming which occurs approximately twice as fast compared to the global average. Arctic warming intensifies thawing of permafrost-affected soils releasing their large organic nitrogen reservoir. This organic nitrogen reaches hydrological systems, is remineralized to reactive inorganic nitrogen, and is transported to the Arctic Ocean via large rivers. We estimate the load of nitrogen supplied from terrestrial sources into the Arctic Ocean by sampling in the Lena River and its Delta. We took water samples along one of the major deltaic channels in winter and summer in 2019 and sampling station in the central delta over a one-year cycle. Additionally, we investigate the potential release of reactive nitrogen, including nitrous oxide from soils in the Delta. We found that the Lena transported nitrogen as dissolved organic nitrogen to the coastal Arctic Ocean and that eroded soils are sources of reactive inorganic nitrogen such as ammonium and nitrate. The Lena and the Deltaic region apparently are considerable sources of nitrogen to nearshore coastal zone. The potential higher availability of inorganic nitrogen might be a source to enhance nitrous oxide emissions from terrestrial and aquatic sources to the atmosphere.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01665-0} (DOI). Sanders, T.; Fiencke, C.; Fuchs, M.; Haugk, C.; Juhls, B.; Mollenhauer, G.; Ogneva, O.; Overduin, P.; Palmtag, J.; Povazhniy, V.; Strauss, J.; Tuerena, R.; Zell, N.; Dähnke, K.: Seasonal nitrogen fluxes of the Lena River Delta. Ambio. 2022. vol. 51, no. 2, 423-438. DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01665-0}}
@misc{tuerena_nutrient_pathways_2022, 
author={Tuerena, R.E.,Mahaffey, C.,Henley, S.F.,de la Vega, C.,Norman, L.,Brand, T.,Sanders, T.,Debyser, M.,Dähnke, K.,Braun, J.,März, C.},
title={Nutrient pathways and their susceptibility to past and future change in the Eurasian Arctic Ocean},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01673-0},
abstract = {Climate change is altering nutrient cycling within the Arctic Ocean, having knock-on effects to Arctic ecosystems. Primary production in the Arctic is principally nitrogen-limited, particularly in the western Pacific-dominated regions where denitrification exacerbates nitrogen loss. The nutrient status of the eastern Eurasian Arctic remains under debate. In the Barents Sea, primary production has increased by 88% since 1998. To support this rapid increase in productivity, either the standing stock of nutrients has been depleted, or the external nutrient supply has increased. Atlantic water inflow, enhanced mixing, benthic nitrogen cycling, and land–ocean interaction have the potential to alter the nutrient supply through addition, dilution or removal. Here we use new datasets from the Changing Arctic Ocean program alongside historical datasets to assess how nitrate and phosphate concentrations may be changing in response to these processes. We highlight how nutrient dynamics may continue to change, why this is important for regional and international policy-making and suggest relevant research priorities for the future.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01673-0} (DOI). Tuerena, R.; Mahaffey, C.; Henley, S.; de la Vega, C.; Norman, L.; Brand, T.; Sanders, T.; Debyser, M.; Dähnke, K.; Braun, J.; März, C.: Nutrient pathways and their susceptibility to past and future change in the Eurasian Arctic Ocean. Ambio. 2022. vol. 51, no. 2, 355-369. DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01673-0}}
@misc{xu_impact_of_2022, 
author={Xu, Z.,Neuber, S.,Nazari-Shafti, T.,Liu, Z.,Dong, F.,Stamm, C.},
title={Impact of procedural variability and study design quality on the efficacy of cell-based therapies for heart failure - a meta-analysis},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261462},
abstract = {Background,Cell-based therapy has long been considered a promising strategy for the treatment of heart failure (HF). However, its effectiveness in the clinical setting is now doubted. Because previous meta-analyses provided conflicting results, we sought to review all available data focusing on cell type and trial design.,Methods and findings,The electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EudraCT were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) utilizing cell therapy for HF patients from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2020. Forty-three RCTs with 2855 participants were identified. The quality of the reported study design was assessed by evaluating the risk-of-bias (ROB). Primary outcomes were defined as mortality rate and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) change from baseline. Secondary outcomes included both heart function data and clinical symptoms/events. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 index. Subgroup analysis was performed based on HF type, cell source, cell origin, cell type, cell processing, type of surgical intervention, cell delivery routes, cell dose, and follow-up duration. Only 10 of the 43 studies had a low ROB for all method- and outcome parameters. A higher ROB was associated with a greater increase in LVEF. Overall, there was no impact on mortality for up to 12 months follow-up, and a clinically irrelevant average LVEF increase by LVEF (2.4%, 95% CI = 0.75−4.05, p = 0.004). Freshly isolated, primary cells tended to produce better outcomes than cultured cell products, but there was no clear impact of the cell source tissue, bone marrow cell phenotype or cell chricdose (raw or normalized for CD34+ cells). A meaningful increase in LVEF was only observed when cell therapy was combined with myocardial revascularization.,Conclusions,The published results suggest a small increase in LVEF following cell therapy for heart failure, but publication bias and methodologic shortcomings need to be taken into account. Given that cardiac cell therapy has now been pursued for 20 years without real progress, further efforts should not be made.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261462} (DOI). Xu, Z.; Neuber, S.; Nazari-Shafti, T.; Liu, Z.; Dong, F.; Stamm, C.: Impact of procedural variability and study design quality on the efficacy of cell-based therapies for heart failure - a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022. vol. 17, no. 1, e0261462. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261462}}
@misc{tartivel_an_inverse_2022, 
author={Tartivel, L.,Blocki, A.,Braune, S.,Jung, F.,Behl, M.,Lendlein, A.},
title={An Inverse Shape-Memory Hydrogel Scaffold Switching Upon Cooling in a Tissue-Tolerated Temperature Range},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202101588},
abstract = {Tissue reconstruction has an unmet need for soft active scaffolds that enable gentle loading with regeneration-directing bioactive components by soaking up but also provide macroscopic dimensional stability. Here microporous hydrogels capable of an inverse shape-memory effect (iSME) are described, which in contrast to classical shape-memory polymers (SMPs) recover their permanent shape upon cooling. These hydrogels are designed as covalently photo cross-linked polymer networks with oligo(ethylene glycol)-oligo(propylene glycol)-oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG-OPG-OEG) segments. When heated after deformation, the OEG-OPG-OEG segments form micelles fixing the temporary shape. Upon cooling, the micelles dissociate again, the deformation is reversed and the permanent shape is obtained. Applicability of this iSME is demonstrated by the gentle loading of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) without causing any platelet activation during this process. PRP is highly bioactive and is widely acknowledged for its regenerative effects. Hence, the microporous inverse shape-memory hydrogel (iSMH) with a cooling induced pore-size effect represents a promising candidate scaffold for tissue regeneration for potential usage in minimally invasive surgery applications.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202101588} (DOI). Tartivel, L.; Blocki, A.; Braune, S.; Jung, F.; Behl, M.; Lendlein, A.: An Inverse Shape-Memory Hydrogel Scaffold Switching Upon Cooling in a Tissue-Tolerated Temperature Range. Advanced Materials Interfaces. 2022. vol. 9, no. 6, 2101588. DOI: 10.1002/admi.202101588}}
@misc{townhill_pollution_in_2022, 
author={Townhill, B.L.,Reppas-Chrysovitsinos, E.,Sühring, R.,Halsall, C.J.,Mengo, E.,Sanders, T.,Dähnke, K.,Crabeck, O.,Kaiser, J.,Birchenough, S.N.R.},
title={Pollution in the Arctic Ocean: An overview of multiple pressures and implications for ecosystem services},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01657-0},
abstract = {The Arctic is undergoing unprecedented change. Observations and models demonstrate significant perturbations to the physical and biological systems. Arctic species and ecosystems, particularly in the marine environment, are subject to a wide range of pressures from human activities, including exposure to a complex mixture of pollutants, climate change and fishing activity. These pressures affect the ecosystem services that the Arctic provides. Current international policies are attempting to support sustainable exploitation of Arctic resources with a view to balancing human wellbeing and environmental protection. However, assessments of the potential combined impacts of human activities are limited by data, particularly related to pollutants, a limited understanding of physical and biological processes, and single policies that are limited to ecosystem-level actions. This manuscript considers how, when combined, a suite of existing tools can be used to assess the impacts of pollutants in combination with other anthropogenic pressures on Arctic ecosystems, and on the services that these ecosystems provide. Recommendations are made for the advancement of targeted Arctic research to inform environmental practices and regulatory decisions.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01657-0} (DOI). Townhill, B.; Reppas-Chrysovitsinos, E.; Sühring, R.; Halsall, C.; Mengo, E.; Sanders, T.; Dähnke, K.; Crabeck, O.; Kaiser, J.; Birchenough, S.: Pollution in the Arctic Ocean: An overview of multiple pressures and implications for ecosystem services. Ambio. 2022. vol. 51, no. 2, 471-483. DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01657-0}}
@misc{grigoratou_the_marine_2022, 
author={Grigoratou, M.,Montes, E.,Richardson, A.J.,Everett, J.D.,Acevedo-Trejos, E.,Anderson, C.,Chen, B.,Guy-Haim, T.,Hinners, J.,Lindemann, C.,Garcia, T.M.,Möller, K.O.,Monteiro, F.M.,Neeley, A.R.,O'Brien, T.D.,Palacz, A.P.,Poulton, A.J.,Prowe, A.E.F.,Rodríguez-Santiago, Á.E.,Rousseaux, C.S.,Runge, J.,Saad, J.F.,Santi, I.,Stern, R.,Soccodato, A.,Våge, S.,Vogt, M.,Zervoudaki, S.,Muller-Karger, F.E.},
title={The Marine Biodiversity Observation Network Plankton Workshops: Plankton Ecosystem Function, Biodiversity, and Forecasting - Research Requirements and Applications},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/lob.10479},
abstract = {Plankton is a massive and phylogenetically diverse group of thousands of prokaryotes, protists (unicellular eukaryotic organisms), and metazoans (multicellular eukaryotic organisms; Fig. 1). Plankton functional diversity is at the core of various ecological processes, including productivity, carbon cycling and sequestration, nutrient cycling (Falkowski 2012), interspecies interactions, and food web dynamics and structure (D'Alelio et al. 2016). Through these functions, plankton play a critical role in the health of the coastal and open ocean and provide essential ecosystem services. Yet, at present, our understanding of plankton dynamics is insufficient to project how climate change and other human-driven impacts affect the functional diversity of plankton. That limits our ability to predict how critical ecosystem services will change in the future and develop strategies to adapt to these changes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/lob.10479} (DOI). Grigoratou, M.; Montes, E.; Richardson, A.; Everett, J.; Acevedo-Trejos, E.; Anderson, C.; Chen, B.; Guy-Haim, T.; Hinners, J.; Lindemann, C.; Garcia, T.; Möller, K.; Monteiro, F.; Neeley, A.; O'Brien, T.; Palacz, A.; Poulton, A.; Prowe, A.; Rodríguez-Santiago, Á.; Rousseaux, C.; Runge, J.; Saad, J.; Santi, I.; Stern, R.; Soccodato, A.; Våge, S.; Vogt, M.; Zervoudaki, S.; Muller-Karger, F.: The Marine Biodiversity Observation Network Plankton Workshops: Plankton Ecosystem Function, Biodiversity, and Forecasting - Research Requirements and Applications. Limnology and Oceanography. 2022. vol. 31, no. 1, 22-26. DOI: 10.1002/lob.10479}}
@misc{albert_a_bayesian_2022, 
author={Albert, C.,Callies, U.,von Toussaint, U.},
title={A Bayesian Approach to the Estimation of Parameters and Their Interdependencies in Environmental Modeling},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/e24020231},
abstract = {We present a case study for Bayesian analysis and proper representation of distributions and dependence among parameters when calibrating process-oriented environmental models. A simple water quality model for the Elbe River (Germany) is referred to as an example, but the approach is applicable to a wide range of environmental models with time-series output. Model parameters are estimated by Bayesian inference via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. While the best-fit solution matches usual least-squares model calibration (with a penalty term for excessive parameter values), the Bayesian approach has the advantage of yielding a joint probability distribution for parameters. This posterior distribution encompasses all possible parameter combinations that produce a simulation output that fits observed data within measurement and modeling uncertainty. Bayesian inference further permits the introduction of prior knowledge, e.g., positivity of certain parameters. The estimated distribution shows to which extent model parameters are controlled by observations through the process of inference, highlighting issues that cannot be settled unless more information becomes available. An interactive interface enables tracking for how ranges of parameter values that are consistent with observations change during the process of a step-by-step assignment of fixed parameter values. Based on an initial analysis of the posterior via an undirected Gaussian graphical model, a directed Bayesian network (BN) is constructed. The BN transparently conveys information on the interdependence of parameters after calibration. Finally, a strategy to reduce the number of expensive model runs in MCMC sampling for the presented purpose is introduced based on a newly developed variant of delayed acceptance sampling with a Gaussian process surrogate and linear dimensionality reduction to support function-valued outputs.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/e24020231} (DOI). Albert, C.; Callies, U.; von Toussaint, U.: A Bayesian Approach to the Estimation of Parameters and Their Interdependencies in Environmental Modeling. Entropy. 2022. vol. 24, no. 2, 231. DOI: 10.3390/e24020231}}
@misc{wang_recognition_of_2022, 
author={Wang, H.,Li, Y.,Zeng, S.,Cai, X.,Bi, S.,Liu, H.,Mu, M.,Dong, X.,Li, J.,Xu, J.,Lyu, H.,Zhu, Y.,Zhang, Y.},
title={Recognition of aquatic vegetation above water using shortwave infrared baseline and phenological features},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108607},
abstract = {Accurate monitoring of emergent aquatic vegetation (EAV) and floating-leave aquatic vegetation (FAV), is vital because vegetation provides a critical habitat for aquatic animals and plays a critical role in protecting biodiversity. However, owing to the interference of water spectrum signals, it is difficult to extract the emerging aquatic vegetation information from remote sensing images, especially to distinguish between EAV and FAV. This study first proposed an enhanced aquatic vegetation index based on the difference in two short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands to extract the aquatic vegetation above the water surface, and then, the EAV and FAV were further distinguished coupled with the phenological characteristics, subsequently, a case study of Taihu Lake for accurately extracting seasonal and annual distributions. The results demonstrate that the proposed aquatic vegetation index is highly sensitive to EAV and FAV, and can further distinguish EAV from them coupled with phenological difference. Additionally, the dramatic changes in EAV and FAV in time and space indicated that human purse seine culture has had a great influence on the succession of aquatic vegetation, which may lead to the deterioration of the water ecology environment. Using the SWIR bands coupled with phenological difference is a promising method for recognizing aquatic vegetation above the water surface owing that it can weaken and eliminate the impact of algal bloom at the same time.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108607} (DOI). Wang, H.; Li, Y.; Zeng, S.; Cai, X.; Bi, S.; Liu, H.; Mu, M.; Dong, X.; Li, J.; Xu, J.; Lyu, H.; Zhu, Y.; Zhang, Y.: Recognition of aquatic vegetation above water using shortwave infrared baseline and phenological features. Ecological Indicators. 2022. vol. 136, 108607. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108607}}
@misc{li_utilization_of_2022, 
author={Li, J.,Li, Y.,Bi, S.,Xu, J.,Guo, F.,Lyu, H.,Dong, X.,Cai, X.},
title={Utilization of GOCI data to evaluate the diurnal vertical migration of Microcystis aeruginosa and the underlying driving factors},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114734},
abstract = {Cyanobacterial blooms are one of the most severe ecological problems affecting lakes. The vertical migration of cyanobacteria in the water column increases the uncertainty in the formation and disappearance of blooms, which may be closely associated with light, temperature, and wind speed. However, it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the influencing factors of cyanobacteria vertical movement in natural environment compared to the laboratory experimental environment. Besides, both field survey and laboratory experiment method have the difficulties in determining the diurnal vertical migration of cyanobacteria at the synoptic lake scale. In this study, based on the diurnal dynamics of cyanobacterial bloom intensity (CBI) observed by the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) from 2011 to 2019, the daily variations, floating rate, and sinking rate of Microcystis aeruginosa were calculated in the natural environment. Then, the effects of light, temperature, and wind speed on the vertical migration of M. aeruginosa were analysed from the perspectives of day, night, and season. The results are as follows: the records of three typical patterns of diurnal CBI exhibited strong seasonal variability from the 9-year statistics; at night, the buoyancy recovery rate of cyanobacterial colonies increased with temperature, so that at temperature >15 °C and wind speed <3 m s−1, CBI reached the maximum of the whole day at 08:16; the sinking rate of M. aeruginosa was positively correlated with the cumulated light energy at both synoptic and pixel scale; the upward migration speed of M. aeruginosa was positively correlated with the maximum wind speed of the day before cyanobacterial bloom. Therefore, the severer cyanobacterial blooms were often observed by satellite images after strong winds. The analysis of diurnal variation, floating rate, and sinking rate of M. aeruginosa will expand our knowledge for further understanding the formation mechanism of cyanobacterial blooms and for improving the accuracy of model simulation to predict the hourly changes in cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114734} (DOI). Li, J.; Li, Y.; Bi, S.; Xu, J.; Guo, F.; Lyu, H.; Dong, X.; Cai, X.: Utilization of GOCI data to evaluate the diurnal vertical migration of Microcystis aeruginosa and the underlying driving factors. Journal of Environmental Management. 2022. vol. 310, 114734. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114734}}
@misc{logemann_assessing_the_2022, 
author={Logemann, A.,Reininghaus, M.,Schmidt, M.,Ebeling, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Wolschke, H.,Friedrich, J.,Brockmeyer, B.,Pröfrock, D.,Witt, G.},
title={Assessing the chemical anthropocene – Development of the legacy pollution fingerprint in the North Sea during the last century},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119040},
abstract = {The North Sea and its coastal zones are heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities, which has resulted in significant chemical pollution ever since the beginning of the industrialization in Europe during the 19th century. In order to assess the chemical Anthropocene, natural archives, such as sediment cores, can serve as a valuable data source to reconstruct historical emission trends and to verify the effectiveness of changing environmental legislation. In this study, we investigated 90 contaminants covering inorganic and organic pollutant groups analyzed in a set of sediment cores taken in the North Seas' main sedimentation area (Skagerrak). We thereby develop a chemical pollution fingerprint that records the constant input of pollutants over time and illustrates their continued great relevance for the present. Additionally, samples were radiometrically dated and PAH and PCB levels in porewater were determined using equilibrium passive sampling. Furthermore, we elucidated the origin of lead (Pb) contamination utilizing non-traditional stable isotopic analysis. Our results reveal three main findings: 1. for all organic contaminant groups covered (PAHs, OCPs, PCBs, PBDEs and PFASs) as well as the elements lead (Pb) and titanium (Ti), determined concentrations decreased towards more recent deposited sediment. These decreasing trends could be linked to the time of introductions of restrictions and bans and therefor our results confirm, amongst possible other factors, the effectiveness of environmental legislation by revealing a successive change in contamination levels over the decades. 2. concentration trends for ΣPAH and ΣPCB measured in porewater correspond well with the ones found in sediment which suggests that this method can be a useful expansion to traditional bulk sediment analysis to determine the biologically available pollutant fraction. 3. Arsenic (As) concentrations were higher in younger sediment layers, potentially caused by emissions of corroded warfare material disposed in the study area after WW II.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119040} (DOI). Logemann, A.; Reininghaus, M.; Schmidt, M.; Ebeling, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Wolschke, H.; Friedrich, J.; Brockmeyer, B.; Pröfrock, D.; Witt, G.: Assessing the chemical anthropocene – Development of the legacy pollution fingerprint in the North Sea during the last century. Environmental Pollution. 2022. vol. 302, 119040. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119040}}
@misc{lazaneo_submesoscale_coherent_2022, 
author={Lazaneo, C.,Calil, P.,Tandon, A.,da Silveira, I.},
title={Submesoscale Coherent Vortices in the South Atlantic Ocean: A Pathway for Energy Dissipation},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC017099},
abstract = {Mesoscale eddies propagate westward across the South Atlantic basin. As they reach the westernmost part of the basin, at approximately 20°S, they interact with a quasi-zonal seamount chain, the Vitória-Trindade Ridge (VTR). The interactions with the local topography lead to submesoscales instabilities, which ignite the formation of submesoscale coherent vortices (SCVs) such as those described in the present study for the first time in the VTR region. Here, using high-resolution hydrographic and microstructure measurements, we describe the dynamics of two adjacent SCVs wandering through the ridge. We find that the anticyclonic SCVs are characterized by a low potential vorticity and angular momentum signature, and are therefore prone to both centrifugal and symmetric instabilities. This dynamic regime suggests small-scale turbulence is actively cascading energy down to dissipation, diagnosed from turbulent kinetic energy dissipation estimates within one of the SCVs through microstructure measurements. The energy dissipation levels observed within the SCV are two orders of magnitude larger than in surrounding waters. The thermohaline signatures of each SCV reveal homogenized waters in their cores but with small thermohaline anomalies when compared to surrounding waters, suggesting a remote generation site. Here, we argue that such vortices are essential agents for energy dissipation in the ocean. We speculate that the observed SCVs were formed due to mesoscale eddy-topography interaction along the VTR and advected by the meandering South Equatorial Current to the location of field observations.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC017099} (DOI). Lazaneo, C.; Calil, P.; Tandon, A.; da Silveira, I.: Submesoscale Coherent Vortices in the South Atlantic Ocean: A Pathway for Energy Dissipation. Journal of Geophysical Research : Oceans. 2022. vol. 127, no. 2, e2020JC017099. DOI: 10.1029/2020JC017099}}
@misc{maasri_a_global_2022, 
author={Maasri, A.,Jähnig, S.C.,Adamescu, M.C.,Adrian, R.,Baigun, C.,Baird, D.J.,Batista-Morales, A.,Bonada, N.,Brown, L.E.,Cai, Q.,Campos-Silva, J.V.,Clausnitzer, V.,Contreras-MacBeath, T.,Cooke, S.J.,Datry, T.,Delacámara, G.,De Meester, L.,Dijkstra, K.-D.B.,Do, V.T.,Domisch, S.,Dudgeon, D.,Erös, T.,Freitag, H.,Freyhof, J.,Friedrich, J.,Friedrichs-Manthey, M.,Geist, J.,Gessner, M.O.,Goethals, P.,Gollock, M.,Gordon, C.,Grossart, H.-P.,Gulemvuga, G.,Gutiérrez-Fonseca, P.E.,Haase, P.,Hering, D.,Hahn, H.J.,Hawkins, C.P.,He, F.,Heino, J.,Hermoso, V.,Hogan, Z.,Hölker, F.,Jeschke, J.M.,Jiang, M.,Johnson, R.K.,Kalinkat, G.,Karimov, B.K.,Kasangaki, A.,Kimirei, I.A.,Kohlmann, B.,Kuemmerlen, M.,Kuiper, J.J.,Kupilas, B.,Langhans, S.D.,Lansdown, R.,Leese, F.,Magbanua, F.S.,Matsuzaki, S.-I.S.,Monaghan, M.T.,Mumladze, L.,Muzon, J.,Mvogo Ndongo, P.A.,Nejstgaard, J.C.,Nikitina, O.,Ochs, C.,Odume, O.,Opperman, J.J.,Patricio, H.,Pauls, S.,Raghavan, R.,Ramírez, A.,Rashni, B.,Ross-Gillespie, V.,Samways, M.J.,Schäfer, R.B.,Schmidt-Kloiber, A.,Seehausen, O.,Shah, D.N.,Sharma, S.,Soininen, J.,Sommerwerk, N.,Stockwell, J.D.,Suhling, F.,Tachamo Shah, R.D.,Tharme, R.E.,Thorp, J.H.,Tickner, D.,Tockner, K.,Tonkin, J.D.,Valle, M.,Vitule, J.,Volk, M.,Wang, D.,Wolter, C.,Worischka, S.},
title={A global agenda for advancing freshwater biodiversity research},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13931},
abstract = {Global freshwater biodiversity is declining dramatically, and meeting the challenges of this crisis requires bold goals and the mobilisation of substantial resources. While the reasons are varied, investments in both research and conservation of freshwater biodiversity lag far behind those in the terrestrial and marine realms. Inspired by a global consultation, we identify 15 pressing priority needs, grouped into five research areas, in an effort to support informed stewardship of freshwater biodiversity. The proposed agenda aims to advance freshwater biodiversity research globally as a critical step in improving coordinated actions towards its sustainable management and conservation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13931} (DOI). Maasri, A.; Jähnig, S.; Adamescu, M.; Adrian, R.; Baigun, C.; Baird, D.; Batista-Morales, A.; Bonada, N.; Brown, L.; Cai, Q.; Campos-Silva, J.; Clausnitzer, V.; Contreras-MacBeath, T.; Cooke, S.; Datry, T.; Delacámara, G.; De Meester, L.; Dijkstra, K.; Do, V.; Domisch, S.; Dudgeon, D.; Erös, T.; Freitag, H.; Freyhof, J.; Friedrich, J.; Friedrichs-Manthey, M.; Geist, J.; Gessner, M.; Goethals, P.; Gollock, M.; Gordon, C.; Grossart, H.; Gulemvuga, G.; Gutiérrez-Fonseca, P.; Haase, P.; Hering, D.; Hahn, H.; Hawkins, C.; He, F.; Heino, J.; Hermoso, V.; Hogan, Z.; Hölker, F.; Jeschke, J.; Jiang, M.; Johnson, R.; Kalinkat, G.; Karimov, B.; Kasangaki, A.; Kimirei, I.; Kohlmann, B.; Kuemmerlen, M.; Kuiper, J.; Kupilas, B.; Langhans, S.; Lansdown, R.; Leese, F.; Magbanua, F.; Matsuzaki, S.; Monaghan, M.; Mumladze, L.; Muzon, J.; Mvogo Ndongo, P.; Nejstgaard, J.; Nikitina, O.; Ochs, C.; Odume, O.; Opperman, J.; Patricio, H.; Pauls, S.; Raghavan, R.; Ramírez, A.; Rashni, B.; Ross-Gillespie, V.; Samways, M.; Schäfer, R.; Schmidt-Kloiber, A.; Seehausen, O.; Shah, D.; Sharma, S.; Soininen, J.; Sommerwerk, N.; Stockwell, J.; Suhling, F.; Tachamo Shah, R.; Tharme, R.; Thorp, J.; Tickner, D.; Tockner, K.; Tonkin, J.; Valle, M.; Vitule, J.; Volk, M.; Wang, D.; Wolter, C.; Worischka, S.: A global agenda for advancing freshwater biodiversity research. Ecology Letters. 2022. vol. 25, no. 2, 255-263. DOI: 10.1111/ele.13931}}
@misc{carroll_attribution_of_2022, 
author={Carroll, D.,Menemenlis, D.,Dutkiewicz, S.,Lauderdale, J.,Adkins, J.,Bowman, K.,Brix, H.,Fenty, I.,Gierach, M.,Hill, C.,Jahn, O.,Landschützer, P.,Manizza, M.,Mazloff, M.,Miller, C.,Schimel, D.,Verdy, A.,Whitt, D.,Zhang, H.},
title={Attribution of Space-Time Variability in Global-Ocean Dissolved Inorganic Carbon},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007162},
abstract = {The inventory and variability of oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is driven by the interplay of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Quantifying the spatiotemporal variability of these drivers is crucial for a mechanistic understanding of the ocean carbon sink and its future trajectory. Here, we use the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean-Darwin ocean biogeochemistry state estimate to generate a global-ocean, data-constrained DIC budget and investigate how spatial and seasonal-to-interannual variability in three-dimensional circulation, air-sea CO2 flux, and biological processes have modulated the ocean sink for 1995–2018. Our results demonstrate substantial compensation between budget terms, resulting in distinct upper-ocean carbon regimes. For example, boundary current regions have strong contributions from vertical diffusion while equatorial regions exhibit compensation between upwelling and biological processes. When integrated across the full ocean depth, the 24-year DIC mass increase of 64 Pg C (2.7 Pg C year−1) primarily tracks the anthropogenic CO2 growth rate, with biological processes providing a small contribution of 2% (1.4 Pg C). In the upper 100 m, which stores roughly 13% (8.1 Pg C) of the global increase, we find that circulation provides the largest DIC gain (6.3 Pg C year−1) and biological processes are the largest loss (8.6 Pg C year−1). Interannual variability is dominated by vertical advection in equatorial regions, with the 1997–1998 El Niño-Southern Oscillation causing the largest year-to-year change in upper-ocean DIC (2.1 Pg C). Our results provide a novel, data-constrained framework for an improved mechanistic understanding of natural and anthropogenic perturbations to the ocean sink.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007162} (DOI). Carroll, D.; Menemenlis, D.; Dutkiewicz, S.; Lauderdale, J.; Adkins, J.; Bowman, K.; Brix, H.; Fenty, I.; Gierach, M.; Hill, C.; Jahn, O.; Landschützer, P.; Manizza, M.; Mazloff, M.; Miller, C.; Schimel, D.; Verdy, A.; Whitt, D.; Zhang, H.: Attribution of Space-Time Variability in Global-Ocean Dissolved Inorganic Carbon. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2022. vol. 36, no. 3, e2021GB007162. DOI: 10.1029/2021GB007162}}
@misc{he_metagenomic_evidence_2022, 
author={He, C.,Liu, J.,Wang, R.,Li, Y.,Zheng, Q.,Jiao, F.,Shi, Q.,Xu, Y.,Zhang, R.,Thomas, H.,Batt, J.,Hill, P.,Lewis, M.,Maclntyre, H.,Lu, L.,Zhang, Q.,Tu, Q.,Shi, T.,Chen, F.,Jiao, N.},
title={Metagenomic evidence for the microbial transformation of carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules: A long-term macrocosm experiment},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118281},
abstract = {Carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAMs) widely exist in the ocean and constitute the central part of the refractory dissolved organic matter (RDOM) pool. Although a consensus has been reached that microbial activity forms CRAMs, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. To better understand the underlying genetic mechanisms driving the microbial transformation of CRAM, a long-term macrocosm experiment spanning 220 days was conducted in the Aquatron Tower Tank at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, with the supply of diatom-derived DOM as a carbon source. The DOM composition, community structure, and metabolic pathways were characterised using multi-omics approaches. The addition of diatom lysate introduced a mass of labile DOM into the incubation seawater, which led to a low degradation index (IDEG) and refractory molecular lability boundary (RMLB) on days 1 and 18. The molecular compositions of the DOM molecules in the later incubation period (from day 120 to day 220) were more similar in composition to those on day 0, suggesting a rapid turnover of phytoplankton debris by microbial communities. Taxonomically, while Alpha proteobacteria dominated during the entire incubation period, Gamma proteobacteria became more sensitive and abundant than the other bacterial groups on days 1 and 18. Recalcitrant measurements such as IDEG and RMLB were closely related to the DOM molecules, bacterial community, and Kyoto encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) modules, suggesting close associations between RDOM accumulation and microbial metabolism. KEGG modules that showed strong positive correlation with CRAMs were identified using a microbial ecological network approach. The identified KEGG modules produced the substrates, such as the acetyl-CoA or 3‑hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA, which could participate in the mevalonate pathway to generate the precursor of CRAM analogues, isopentenyl-PP, suggesting a potential generation pathway of CRAM analogues in bacteria and archaea. This study revealed the potential genetic and molecular processes involved in the microbial origin of CRAM analogues, and thus indicated a vital ecological role of bacteria and archaea in RDOM production. This study also offered new perspectives on the carbon sequestration in the ocean.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118281} (DOI). He, C.; Liu, J.; Wang, R.; Li, Y.; Zheng, Q.; Jiao, F.; Shi, Q.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, R.; Thomas, H.; Batt, J.; Hill, P.; Lewis, M.; Maclntyre, H.; Lu, L.; Zhang, Q.; Tu, Q.; Shi, T.; Chen, F.; Jiao, N.: Metagenomic evidence for the microbial transformation of carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules: A long-term macrocosm experiment. Water Research. 2022. vol. 216, 118281. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118281}}
@misc{whitmore_strong_margin_2022, 
author={Whitmore, L. M.,Shiller, A. M.,Horner, T. J.,Xiang, Y.,Auro, M.,Bauch, D.,Dehairs, F.,Lam, P.,Li, J.,Maldonado, M.,Mears, C.,Newton, R.,Pasqualini, A.,Planquette, H.,Rember, R.,Thomas, H.},
title={Strong Margin Influence on the Arctic Ocean Barium Cycle Revealed by Pan-Arctic Synthesis},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017417},
abstract = {Early studies revealed relationships between barium (Ba), particulate organic carbon and silicate, suggesting applications for Ba as a paleoproductivity tracer and as a tracer of modern ocean circulation. But, what controls the distribution of barium (Ba) in the oceans? Here, we investigated the Arctic Ocean Ba cycle through a one-of-a-kind data set containing dissolved (dBa), particulate (pBa), and stable isotope Ba ratio (δ138Ba) data from four Arctic GEOTRACES expeditions conducted in 2015. We hypothesized that margins would be a substantial source of Ba to the Arctic Ocean water column. The dBa, pBa, and δ138Ba distributions all suggest significant modification of inflowing Pacific seawater over the shelves, and the dBa mass balance implies that ∼50% of the dBa inventory (upper 500 m of the Arctic water column) was supplied by nonconservative inputs. Calculated areal dBa fluxes are up to 10 μmol m−2 day−1 on the margin, which is comparable to fluxes described in other regions. Applying this approach to dBa data from the 1994 Arctic Ocean Survey yields similar results. The Canadian Arctic Archipelago did not appear to have a similar margin source; rather, the dBa distribution in this section is consistent with mixing of Arctic Ocean-derived waters and Baffin Bay-derived waters. Although we lack enough information to identify the specifics of the shelf sediment Ba source, we suspect that a sedimentary remineralization and terrigenous sources (e.g., submarine groundwater discharge or fluvial particles) are contributors.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017417} (DOI). Whitmore, L.; Shiller, A.; Horner, T.; Xiang, Y.; Auro, M.; Bauch, D.; Dehairs, F.; Lam, P.; Li, J.; Maldonado, M.; Mears, C.; Newton, R.; Pasqualini, A.; Planquette, H.; Rember, R.; Thomas, H.: Strong Margin Influence on the Arctic Ocean Barium Cycle Revealed by Pan-Arctic Synthesis. Journal of Geophysical Research : Oceans. 2022. vol. 127, no. 4, e2021JC017417. DOI: 10.1029/2021JC017417}}
@misc{lau_differential_sensitivity_2022, 
author={Lau, S.,Gossen, M.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Differential sensitivity of assays for determining vein endothelial cell senescence},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-211294},
abstract = {In vivo endothelialization of polymer-based cardiovascular implant materials is a promising strategy to reduce the risk of platelet adherence and the subsequent thrombus formation and implant failure. However, endothelial cells from elderly patients are likely to exhibit a senescent phenotype that may counteract endothelialization. The senescence status of cells should therefore be investigated prior to implantation of devices designed to be integrated in the blood vessel wall. Here, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultivated up to passage (P) 4, 10 and 26/27 to determine the population doubling time and the senescence status by four different methods. Determination of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (SA-β-Gal) was carried out by colorimetric staining and microscopy (i), as well as by photometric quantification (ii), and the expression of senescence-associated nuclear proteins p16 and p21 as well as the proliferation marker Ki67 was assessed by immunostaining (iii), and by flow cytometry (iv). The population doubling time of P27-cells was remarkably greater (103±65 h) compared to P4-cells (24±3 h) and P10-cell (37±15 h). Among the four different methods tested, the photometric SA-β-Gal activity assay and the flow cytometric determination of p16 and Ki67 were most effective in discriminating P27-cells from P4- and P10-cells. These methods combined with functional endothelial cell analyses might aid predictions on the performance of implant endothelialization in vivo.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-211294} (DOI). Lau, S.; Gossen, M.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Differential sensitivity of assays for determining vein endothelial cell senescence. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2022. vol. 81, no. 3, 191-203. DOI: 10.3233/CH-211294}}
@misc{petit_inherent_optical_2022, 
author={Petit, T.,Hamre, B.,Sandven, H.,Röttgers, R.,Kowalczuk, P.,Zablocka, M.,Granskog, M.},
title={Inherent optical properties of dissolved and particulate matter in an Arctic fjord (Storfjorden, Svalbard) in early summer},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-455-2022},
abstract = {There have been considerable efforts to understand the hydrography of Storfjorden (Svalbard). A recurring winter polynya with large sea ice production makes it an important region of dense water formation at the scale of the Arctic Ocean. In addition, this fjord is seasonally influenced by freshwater inputs from sea ice melt and the surrounding islands of the Svalbard archipelago, which impacts the hydrography. However, the understanding of factors controlling the optical properties of the waters in Storfjorden are lacking and are crucial for the development of more accurate regional bio-optical models. Here, we present results from the first detailed optical field survey of Storfjorden conducted in early summer of 2020. Our observations are based on spectrometric analysis of water samples and in situ vertical profiles with an absorption and attenuation meter, a fluorometer, and a conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensor. In addition to the expected seasonal contribution from phytoplankton, we find that in early summer waters in Storfjorden are optically complex with a significant contribution from coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM, 33 %–64 % of the non-water absorption at 443 nm) despite relatively low CDOM concentrations and in the nearshore or near the seabed from non-algal particles (up to 61 % of the non-water absorption at 550 nm). In surface waters, the spatial variability of light attenuation was mainly controlled by inorganic suspended matter originating from river runoff. A distinct subsurface maximum of light attenuation was largely driven by a subsurface phytoplankton bloom, controlled by stratification resulting from sea ice melt. Lastly, the cold dense bottom waters of Storfjorden from winter sea ice production periodically overflows the sill at the mouth of the fjord and can thus reach the Fram Strait. It contained elevated levels of both non-algal particles and dissolved organic matter, which are likely caused by the dense flows of the nepheloid layer interacting with the sea bed.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-455-2022} (DOI). Petit, T.; Hamre, B.; Sandven, H.; Röttgers, R.; Kowalczuk, P.; Zablocka, M.; Granskog, M.: Inherent optical properties of dissolved and particulate matter in an Arctic fjord (Storfjorden, Svalbard) in early summer. Ocean Science. 2022. vol. 18, no. 2, 455-468. DOI: 10.5194/os-18-455-2022}}
@misc{haugk_organic_matter_2022, 
author={Haugk, C.,Jongejans, L. L.,Mangelsdorf, K.,Fuchs, M.,Ogneva, O.,Palmtag, J.,Mollenhauer, G.,Mann, P. J.,Overduin, P. P.,Grosse, G.,Sanders, T.,Tuerena, R. E.,Schirrmeister, L.,Wetterich, S.,Kizyakov, A.,Karger, C.,Strauss, J.},
title={Organic matter characteristics of a rapidly eroding permafrost cliff in NE Siberia (Lena Delta, Laptev Sea region)},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022},
abstract = {Organic carbon (OC) stored in Arctic permafrost represents one of Earth's largest and most vulnerable terrestrial carbon pools. Amplified climate warming across the Arctic results in widespread permafrost thaw. Permafrost deposits exposed at river cliffs and coasts are particularly susceptible to thawing processes. Accelerating erosion of terrestrial permafrost along shorelines leads to increased transfer of organic matter (OM) to nearshore waters. However, the amount of terrestrial permafrost carbon and nitrogen as well as the OM quality in these deposits is still poorly quantified. We define the OM quality as the intrinsic potential for further transformation, decomposition and mineralisation. Here, we characterise the sources and the quality of OM supplied to the Lena River at a rapidly eroding permafrost river shoreline cliff in the eastern part of the delta (Sobo-Sise Island). Our multi-proxy approach captures bulk elemental, molecular geochemical and carbon isotopic analyses of Late Pleistocene Yedoma permafrost and Holocene cover deposits, discontinuously spanning the last ∼52 kyr. We showed that the ancient permafrost exposed in the Sobo-Sise cliff has a high organic carbon content (mean of about 5 wt %). The oldest sediments stem from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 interstadial deposits (dated to 52 to 28 cal ka BP) and are overlaid by last glacial MIS 2 (dated to 28 to 15 cal ka BP) and Holocene MIS 1 (dated to 7–0 cal ka BP) deposits. The relatively high average chain length (ACL) index of n-alkanes along the cliff profile indicates a predominant contribution of vascular plants to the OM composition. The elevated ratio of iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (FAs) relative to mid- and long-chain (C ≥ 20) n-FAs in the interstadial MIS 3 and the interglacial MIS 1 deposits suggests stronger microbial activity and consequently higher input of bacterial biomass during these climatically warmer periods. The overall high carbon preference index (CPI) and higher plant fatty acid (HPFA) values as well as high ratios point to a good quality of the preserved OM and thus to a high potential of the OM for decomposition upon thaw. A decrease in HPFA values downwards along the profile probably indicates stronger OM decomposition in the oldest (MIS 3) deposits of the cliff. The characterisation of OM from eroding permafrost leads to a better assessment of the greenhouse gas potential of the OC released into river and nearshore waters in the future.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022} (DOI). Haugk, C.; Jongejans, L.; Mangelsdorf, K.; Fuchs, M.; Ogneva, O.; Palmtag, J.; Mollenhauer, G.; Mann, P.; Overduin, P.; Grosse, G.; Sanders, T.; Tuerena, R.; Schirrmeister, L.; Wetterich, S.; Kizyakov, A.; Karger, C.; Strauss, J.: Organic matter characteristics of a rapidly eroding permafrost cliff in NE Siberia (Lena Delta, Laptev Sea region). Biogeosciences. 2022. vol. 19, no. 7, 2079-2094. DOI: 10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022}}
@misc{schulz_suspended_particulate_2022, 
author={Schulz, G.,Sanders, T.,van Beusekom, J. E. E.,Voynova, Y. G.,Schöl, A.,Dähnke, K},
title={Suspended particulate matter drives the spatial segregation of nitrogen turnover along the hyper-turbid Ems estuary},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2007-2022},
abstract = {Estuaries are nutrient filters and change riverine nutrient loads before they reach coastal oceans. Their morphology have been extensively changed by anthropogenic activities like draining, deepening and dredging to meet economic and social demand, causing significant regime changes like tidal amplifications and in some cases to hyper-turbid conditions. Furthermore, increased nutrient loads, especially nitrogen, mainly by agriculture cause coastal eutrophication. Estuaries can either act as a sink or as a source of nitrate, depending on environmental and geomorphological conditions. These factors vary along an estuary, and change nitrogen turnover in the system. Here, we investigate the factors controlling nitrogen turnover in the hyper-turbid Ems estuary (Northern Germany), which has been strongly impacted by human activities. During two research cruises in August 2014 and June 2020, we measured water column properties, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, dual stable isotopes of nitrate and dissolved nitrous oxide concentration along the estuary. We found that three distinct biogeochemical zones exist along the estuary. A strong fractionation (∼26 ‰) of nitrate stable isotopes points towards nitrate removal via water column denitrification in the hyper-turbid tidal river, driven by anoxic conditions in deeper water layers. In the middle reaches of the estuary nitrification gains importance, turning this section into a net nitrate source. The outer reaches are dominated by mixing, with nitrate uptake in 2020.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2007-2022} (DOI). Schulz, G.; Sanders, T.; van Beusekom, J.; Voynova, Y.; Schöl, A.; Dähnke, K.: Suspended particulate matter drives the spatial segregation of nitrogen turnover along the hyper-turbid Ems estuary. Biogeosciences. 2022. vol. 19, no. 7, 2007-2024. DOI: 10.5194/bg-19-2007-2022}}
@misc{tian_nitrate_regeneration_2022, 
author={Tian, S.,Gaye, B.,Tang, J.,Luo, Y.,Lahajnar, N.,Dähnke, K.,Sanders, T.,Xiong, T.,Zhai, W.,Emeis, K.-C.},
title={Nitrate Regeneration and Loss in the Central Yellow Sea Bottom Water Revealed by Nitrogen Isotopes},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.834953},
abstract = {The Yellow Sea (YS) is an epicontinental sea framed by the densely populated mainland of China and the Korean peninsula. Human activities over the last decades resulted in heavily increasing discharge of reactive nitrogen into the YS, which created numerous ecological problems. To elucidate the role of central YS in the cycling of reactive nitrogen, specifically the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM), we determined nutrient concentrations, dual stable isotopes of nitrate (δ15N-NO−3 and δ18O-NO−3), and stable isotopes of particulate and sedimentary nitrogen in spring and summer, i.e., in biologically inactive and active periods. The nitrate concentration in spring was higher than that in summer in the northern part of the YSCWM, Nitrate increased in the southern part accompanied by a decrease in δ15N-NO−3 and δ18O-NO−3, which are indicative of nitrification that was a significant source of recycled nitrate in the south part of YSCWM. To quantify this regenerated nitrate, we use a mixing model with end members of preformed nitrate in spring and regenerated nitrate in summer, both with their distinct dual isotope values. The results suggest that only 35% nitrate was a residual of nitrate preformed in spring and 65% in summer in the southern branch of YSCWM was regenerated. The northern part of YSCWM has low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, mainly because of denitrification in sediments. In contrast, the southern pool of YSCWM is a growing reservoir of regenerated terrestrial reactive nitrogen, the addition of which compensates the removal by co-occurring sediment denitrification. In consequence, the southern branch of YSCWM is facing a higher ecological risk than the northern branch, when excess reactive nitrogen discharge from Changjiang River continues at present levels or even increases.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.834953} (DOI). Tian, S.; Gaye, B.; Tang, J.; Luo, Y.; Lahajnar, N.; Dähnke, K.; Sanders, T.; Xiong, T.; Zhai, W.; Emeis, K.: Nitrate Regeneration and Loss in the Central Yellow Sea Bottom Water Revealed by Nitrogen Isotopes. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2022. vol. 9, 834953. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.834953}}
@misc{detoni_cyanobacterial_diazotroph_2022, 
author={Detoni, A.,Subramanian, A.,Haley, S.,Dyhrman, S.,Calil, P.},
title={Cyanobacterial Diazotroph Distributions in the Western South Atlantic},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.856643},
abstract = {Inputs of new nitrogen by cyanobacterial diazotrophs are critical to ocean ecosystem structure and function. Relative to other ocean regions, there is a lack of data on the distribution of these microbes in the western South Atlantic. Here, the abundance of six diazotroph phylotypes: Trichodesmium, Crocosphaera, UCYN-A, Richelia associated with Rhizosolenia (Het-1) or Hemiaulus (Het-2), and Calothrix associated with Chaetoceros (Het-3) was measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) of the nifH gene along a transect extending from the shelf-break to the open ocean along the Vitória-Trindade seamount chain (1200 km). Using nifH gene copies as a proxy for phylotype abundance, Crocosphaera signals were the most abundant, with a broad distribution throughout the study region. Trichodesmium signals were the second most abundant, with the greatest numbers confined to the warmer waters closer to the coast, and a significant positive correlation with temperature. The average signals for the host-associated diazotrophs (UCYN-A, Het-1, and Het-2) were consistently lower than for the other phylotypes. These findings expand measurements of cyanobacterial diazotroph distribution in the western South Atlantic, and provide a new resource to enhance modeling studies focused on patterns of nitrogen fixation in the global ocean.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.856643} (DOI). Detoni, A.; Subramanian, A.; Haley, S.; Dyhrman, S.; Calil, P.: Cyanobacterial Diazotroph Distributions in the Western South Atlantic. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2022. vol. 9, 856643. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.856643}}
@misc{macovei_mesoscale_advective_2022, 
author={Macovei, V.,Callies, U.,Calil, P.,Voynova, Y.},
title={Mesoscale Advective and Biological Processes Alter Carbon Uptake Capacity in a Shelf Sea},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.827075},
abstract = {Marine uptake of carbon dioxide reduces the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Continental shelf seas are essential for carbon uptake from the atmosphere, but are also highly variable environments, for which uncertainties of carbon budget estimates are large. Recent studies indicate that their carbon sink capacity is weakening. A way to reduce the uncertainty of carbon budgets is to increase our observational capacity, for example through FerryBox installations on Ships-of-Opportunity. Here, we compare FerryBox observations in the North Sea for the fall seasons of 2019 and 2020. We show that short-lived mesoscale events can be characterized when the sampling resolution is adequately high, and that these events cause changes in essential environmental variables on the same magnitude as seasonal cycles. Whether advective or biological in origin, these events rapidly lowered seawater pCO2 by 8–10% and influenced the carbon uptake capacity. We demonstrate the importance of resolving and integrating the variability of these smaller features in regional carbon budget assessments and advocate for the tuning of models in order to capture this small-scale variability.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.827075} (DOI). Macovei, V.; Callies, U.; Calil, P.; Voynova, Y.: Mesoscale Advective and Biological Processes Alter Carbon Uptake Capacity in a Shelf Sea. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2022. vol. 9, 827075. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.827075}}
@misc{fuchs_highresolution_bathymetry_2022, 
author={Fuchs, M.,Palmtag, J.,Juhls, B.,Overduin, P. P.,Grosse, G.,Abdelwahab, A.,Bedington, M.,Sanders, T.,Ogneva, O.,Fedorova, I. V.,Zimov, N. S.,Mann, P. J.,Strauss, J.},
title={High-resolution bathymetry models for the Lena Delta and Kolyma Gulf coastal zones},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2279-2022},
abstract = {Arctic river deltas and deltaic near-shore zones represent important land–ocean transition zones influencing sediment dynamics and nutrient fluxes from permafrost-affected terrestrial ecosystems into the coastal Arctic Ocean. To accurately model fluvial carbon and freshwater export from rapidly changing river catchments as well as assess impacts of future change on the Arctic shelf and coastal ecosystems, we need to understand the sea floor characteristics and topographic variety of the coastal zones. To date, digital bathymetrical data from the poorly accessible, shallow, and large areas of the eastern Siberian Arctic shelves are sparse. We have digitized bathymetrical information for nearly 75 000 locations from large-scale (1:25 000–1:500 000) current and historical nautical maps of the Lena Delta and the Kolyma Gulf region in northeastern Siberia. We present the first detailed and seamless digital models of coastal zone bathymetry for both delta and gulf regions in 50 and 200 m spatial resolution. We validated the resulting bathymetry layers using a combination of our own water depth measurements and a collection of available depth measurements, which showed a strong correlation (r>0.9). Our bathymetrical models will serve as an input for a high-resolution coupled hydrodynamic–ecosystem model to better quantify fluvial and coastal carbon fluxes to the Arctic Ocean, but they may be useful for a range of other studies related to Arctic delta and near-shore dynamics such as modeling of submarine permafrost, near-shore sea ice, or shelf sediment transport. The new digital high-resolution bathymetry products are available on the PANGAEA data set repository for the Lena Delta (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934045; Fuchs et al., 2021a) and Kolyma Gulf region (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934049; Fuchs et al., 2021b), respectively. Likewise, the depth validation data are available on PANGAEA as well (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933187; Fuchs et al., 2021c).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2279-2022} (DOI). Fuchs, M.; Palmtag, J.; Juhls, B.; Overduin, P.; Grosse, G.; Abdelwahab, A.; Bedington, M.; Sanders, T.; Ogneva, O.; Fedorova, I.; Zimov, N.; Mann, P.; Strauss, J.: High-resolution bathymetry models for the Lena Delta and Kolyma Gulf coastal zones. Earth System Science Data. 2022. vol. 14, no. 5, 2279-2301. DOI: 10.5194/essd-14-2279-2022}}
@misc{reeder_high_diazotrophic_2022, 
author={Reeder, C.,Arevalo-Martinez, D.,Carreres-Calabuig, J.,Sanders, T.,Posth, N.,Löscher, C.},
title={High Diazotrophic Diversity but Low N2 Fixation Activity in the Northern Benguela Upwelling System Confirming the Enigma of Nitrogen Fixation in Oxygen Minimum Zone Waters},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.868261},
abstract = {Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) have been suggested as a suitable niche for the oxygen-sensitive process of biological fixation of dinitrogen (N2) gas. However, most N2 fixation rates reported from such waters are low. This low N2 fixation activity has been proposed to result from the unusual community of N2 fixers, in which cyanobacteria were typically underrepresented. The Northern Benguela Upwelling System (North BUS) is part of one of the most productive marine ecosystems and hosts a well-developed OMZ. Although previous observations indicated low to absent N2 fixation rates, the community composition of diazotrophs needed to understand the North BUS has not been described. Here, we present a first detailed analysis of the diazotrophic diversity in the North BUS OMZ and the Angola tropical zone (ATZ), based on genetic data and isotope speciation. Consistent with a previous study, we detected a slight N deficit in the OMZ, but isotope data did not indicate any active or past N2 fixation. The diazotroph community in the North BUS was dominated by non-cyanobacterial microbes clustering with members of gamma-proteobacteria, as is typical for other OMZ regions. However, we found a strikingly high diversity of Cluster III diazotrophs not yet described in other OMZs. In contrast to previous observations, we could also identify cyanobacteria of the clades Trichodesmium sp., UCYN-A and Cyanothece sp., in surface waters connected to or above the OMZ, which were potentially active as shown by the presence of genes and transcripts of the key functional marker gene for N2 fixation, nifH. While the detection of diazotrophs and the absence of active N2 fixation (based on isotopic speciation) are consistent with other OMZ observations, the detected regional variation in the diversity and presence of cyanobacteria indicate that we still are far from understanding the role of diazotrophs in OMZs, which, however, is relevant for understanding the N cycle in OMZ waters, as well for predicting the future development of OMZ biogeochemistry in a changing ocean.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.868261} (DOI). Reeder, C.; Arevalo-Martinez, D.; Carreres-Calabuig, J.; Sanders, T.; Posth, N.; Löscher, C.: High Diazotrophic Diversity but Low N2 Fixation Activity in the Northern Benguela Upwelling System Confirming the Enigma of Nitrogen Fixation in Oxygen Minimum Zone Waters. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2022. vol. 9, 868261. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.868261}}
@misc{tian_a_nitrate_2022, 
author={Tian, S.,Gaye, B.,Tang, J.,Luo, Y.,Li, W.,Lahajnar, N.,Dähnke, K.,Sanders, T.,Xiong, T.,Zhai, W.,Emeis, K.-C.},
title={A nitrate budget of the Bohai Sea based on an isotope mass balance model},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2397-2022},
abstract = {The Bohai Sea (BHS) is a semi-closed marginal sea impacted by one of the most populated areas of China. The supply of nutrients, markedly that of reactive nitrogen, via fluvial and atmospheric transport has strongly increased in parallel with the growing population. Therefore, it is crucial to quantify the reactive nitrogen input to the BHS and understand the processes and determine the quantities of nitrogen eliminated in and exported from the BHS. The nitrogen budget and in particular the internal sources and sinks of nitrate were constrained by using a mass-based and dual stable isotope approach based on δ15N and δ18O of nitrate (NO). Samples of water, suspended matter, and sediments were taken in the BHS in spring (March and April) and summer (July and August) 2018. The Yellow River (YR) was sampled in May and July to November, and Daliao River, Hai River, Luan River, and Xiaoqing River were sampled in November of 2018. In addition to nutrient, particulate organic carbon, and nitrogen concentrations, the dual isotopes of nitrate (δ15N and δ18O), δ15N of suspended matters, and sediments were determined. Based on the available mass fluxes and isotope data an updated nitrogen budget is proposed. Compared to previous estimates, it is more complete and includes the impact of interior cycling (nitrification) on the nitrate pool. The main nitrate sources are rivers contributing 19.2 %–25.6 % and the combined terrestrial runoff (including submarine fresh groundwater discharge of nitrate) accounting for 27.8 %–37.1 % of the nitrate input to the BHS, while atmospheric input contributes 6.9 %–22.2 % to total nitrate. An unusually active interior nitrogen cycling contributes 40.7 %–65.3 % to total nitrate via nitrification. Nitrogen is mainly trapped in the BHS and mainly removed by sedimentation (70.4 %–77.8 %), and only very little is exported to the Yellow Sea (YS) (only 1.8 %–2.4 %). At present denitrification is active in the sediments and removes 20.4 %–27.2 % of nitrate from the pool. However, a further eutrophication of the BHS could induce water column hypoxia and denitrification, as is increasingly observed in other marginal seas and seasonally off river mouths.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2397-2022} (DOI). Tian, S.; Gaye, B.; Tang, J.; Luo, Y.; Li, W.; Lahajnar, N.; Dähnke, K.; Sanders, T.; Xiong, T.; Zhai, W.; Emeis, K.: A nitrate budget of the Bohai Sea based on an isotope mass balance model. Biogeosciences. 2022. vol. 19, no. 9, 2397-2415. DOI: 10.5194/bg-19-2397-2022}}
@misc{hildebrandt_spatial_distribution_2022, 
author={Hildebrandt, L.,El Gareb, F.,Zimmermann, T.,Klein, O.,Kerstan, A.,Emeis, K.,Pröfrock, D.},
title={Spatial distribution of microplastics in the tropical Indian Ocean based on laser direct infrared imaging and microwave-assisted matrix digestion},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119547},
abstract = {Suspended particulate matter was collected from subsurface (6 m) water along an E-W transect through the tropical Indian Ocean using a specialized inert (plastic free) fractionated filtration system. The samples were subjected to a new microwave-assisted “one-pot” matrix removal (efficiency: 94.3% ± 0.3% (1 SD, n = 3)) and microplastic extraction protocol (recovery: 95% ± 4%). The protocol enables a contamination-minimized digestion and requires only four filtration steps. In comparison, classical sample processing approaches involve up to eight filtration steps until the final analysis. Microplastics were identified and physically characterized by means of a novel quantum cascade laser-based imaging routine.,LDIR imaging facilitates the analysis of up to 1000 particles/fibers (<300 μm) within approximately 1–2 h. In comparison to FTIR and Raman imaging, it can help to circumvent uncertainties, e. g. from subsampling strategies due to long analysis and post-processing times of large datasets. Over 97% of all particles were correctly identified by the automated routine - without spectral reassignments. Moreover, 100% agreement was obtained between ATR-FTIR and LDIR-based analysis regarding particles and fibers >300 μm.,The mean microplastic concentration of the analyzed samples was 50 ± 30 particles/fibers m−3 (1 SD, n = 21). Number concentrations ranged from 8 to 132 particles/fibers m−3 (20–300 μm). The most abundant polymer clusters were acrylates/polyurethane/varnish (49%), polyethylene terephthalate (26%), polypropylene (8%), polyethylene (4%) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (4%). 96% of the microplastic particles had a diameter <100 μm. Though inter-study comparison is difficult, the investigated area exhibits a high contamination with particulate plastics compared to other open ocean regions. A distinct spatial trend was observed with an increasing share of the size class 20–50 μm from east to west.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119547} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; El Gareb, F.; Zimmermann, T.; Klein, O.; Kerstan, A.; Emeis, K.; Pröfrock, D.: Spatial distribution of microplastics in the tropical Indian Ocean based on laser direct infrared imaging and microwave-assisted matrix digestion. Environmental Pollution. 2022. vol. 307, 119547. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119547}}
@misc{marshall_the_angola_2022, 
author={Marshall, T.,Granger, J.,Casciotti, K.,Dähnke, K.,Emeis, K.,Marconi, D.,McIlvin, M.,Noble, A.,Saito, M.,Sigman, D.,Fawcett, S.},
title={The Angola Gyre is a hotspot of dinitrogen fixation in the South Atlantic Ocean},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00474-x},
abstract = {Biological dinitrogen fixation is the major source of new nitrogen to marine systems and thus essential to the ocean’s biological pump. Constraining the distribution and global rate of dinitrogen fixation has proven challenging owing largely to uncertainty surrounding the controls thereon. Existing South Atlantic dinitrogen fixation rate estimates vary five-fold, with models attributing most dinitrogen fixation to the western basin. From hydrographic properties and nitrate isotope ratios, we show that the Angola Gyre in the eastern tropical South Atlantic supports the fixation of 1.4–5.4 Tg N.a−1, 28-108% of the existing (highly uncertain) estimates for the basin. Our observations contradict model diagnoses, revealing a substantial input of newly-fixed nitrogen to the tropical eastern basin and no dinitrogen fixation west of 7.5˚W. We propose that dinitrogen fixation in the South Atlantic occurs in hotspots controlled by the overlapping biogeography of excess phosphorus relative to nitrogen and bioavailable iron from margin sediments. Similar conditions may promote dinitrogen fixation in analogous ocean regions. Our analysis suggests that local iron availability causes the phosphorus-driven coupling of oceanic dinitrogen fixation to nitrogen loss to vary on a regional basis.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00474-x} (DOI). Marshall, T.; Granger, J.; Casciotti, K.; Dähnke, K.; Emeis, K.; Marconi, D.; McIlvin, M.; Noble, A.; Saito, M.; Sigman, D.; Fawcett, S.: The Angola Gyre is a hotspot of dinitrogen fixation in the South Atlantic Ocean. Communications Earth & Environment. 2022. vol. 3, 151. DOI: 10.1038/s43247-022-00474-x}}
@misc{vanoostende_correction_of_2022, 
author={van Oostende, M.,Hieronymi, M.,Krasemann, H.,Baschek, B.,Röttgers, R.},
title={Correction of inter-mission inconsistencies in merged ocean colour satellite data},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2022.882418},
abstract = {Consistency in a time series of ocean colour satellite data is essential when determining long-term trends and statistics in Essential Climate Variables. For such a long time series, it is necessary to merge ocean colour data sets from different sensors due to the finite life span of the satellites. Although bias corrections have been performed on merged data set products, significant inconsistencies between missions remain. These inconsistencies appear as sudden steps in the time series of these products when a satellite mission is launched into- or removed from orbit. This inter-mission inconsistency is not caused by poor correction of sensor sensitivities but by differences in the ability of a sensor to observe certain waters. This study, based on a data set compiled by the ‘Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative’ project (OC-CCI), shows that coastal waters, high latitudes, and areas subject to changing cloud cover are most affected by coverage variability between missions. The “Temporal Gap Detection Method” is introduced, which temporally homogenises the observations per-pixel of the time series and consequently minimises the magnitude of the inter-mission inconsistencies. The method presented is suitable to be transferred to other merged satellite-derived data sets that exhibit inconsistencies due to changes in coverage over time. The results provide insights into the correct interpretation of any merged ocean colour time series.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2022.882418} (DOI). van Oostende, M.; Hieronymi, M.; Krasemann, H.; Baschek, B.; Röttgers, R.: Correction of inter-mission inconsistencies in merged ocean colour satellite data. Frontiers in Remote Sensing. 2022. vol. 3, 882418. DOI: 10.3389/frsen.2022.882418}}
@misc{vandam_benthic_alkalinity_2022, 
author={Van Dam, B.,Lehmann, N.,Zeller, M.,Neumann, A.,Pröfrock, D.,Lipka, M.,Thomas, H.,Böttcher, M.},
title={Benthic alkalinity fluxes from coastal sediments of the Baltic and North seas: comparing approaches and identifying knowledge gaps},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022},
abstract = {Benthic alkalinity production is often suggested as a major driver of net carbon sequestration in continental shelf ecosystems. However, information on and direct measurements of benthic alkalinity fluxes are limited and are especially challenging when biological and dynamic physical forcing causes surficial sediments to be vigorously irrigated. To address this shortcoming, we quantified net sediment–water exchange of alkalinity using a suite of complementary methods, including (1) 224Ra budgeting, (2) incubations with 224Ra and Br− as tracers, and (3) numerical modeling of porewater profiles. We choose a set of sites in the shallow southern North Sea and western Baltic Sea, allowing us to incorporate frequently occurring sediment classes ranging from coarse sands to muds and sediment–water interfaces ranging from biologically irrigated and advective to diffusive into the investigations. Sediment–water irrigation rates in the southern North Sea were approximately twice as high as previously estimated for the region, in part due to measured porewater 224Ra activities higher than previously assumed. Net alkalinity fluxes in the Baltic Sea were relatively low, ranging from an uptake of −35 to a release of 53 , and in the North Sea they were from 1 to 34 . Lower-than-expected apparent nitrate consumption (potential denitrification), across all sites, is one explanation for our small net alkalinity fluxes measured. Carbonate mineral dissolution and potentially precipitation, as well as sulfide re-oxidation, also appear to play important roles in shaping net sediment–water fluxes at locations in the North Sea and Baltic Sea.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022} (DOI). Van Dam, B.; Lehmann, N.; Zeller, M.; Neumann, A.; Pröfrock, D.; Lipka, M.; Thomas, H.; Böttcher, M.: Benthic alkalinity fluxes from coastal sediments of the Baltic and North seas: comparing approaches and identifying knowledge gaps. Biogeosciences. 2022. vol. 19, no. 16, 3775-3789. DOI: 10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022}}
@misc{fiencke_microbiogeochemical_traits_2022, 
author={Fiencke, C.,Marushchak, M.,Sanders, T.,Wegner, R.,Beer, C.},
title={Microbiogeochemical Traits to Identify Nitrogen Hotspots in Permafrost Regions},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen3030031},
abstract = {Permafrost-affected tundra soils are large carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) reservoirs. However, N is largely bound in soil organic matter (SOM), and ecosystems generally have low N availability. Therefore, microbial induced N-cycling processes and N losses were considered negligible. Recent studies show that microbial N processing rates, inorganic N availability, and lateral N losses from thawing permafrost increase when vegetation cover is disturbed, resulting in reduced N uptake or increased N input from thawing permafrost. In this review, we describe currently known N hotspots, particularly bare patches in permafrost peatland or permafrost soils affected by thermokarst, and their microbiogeochemical characteristics, and present evidence for previously unrecorded N hotspots in the tundra. We summarize the current understanding of microbial N cycling processes that promote the release of the potent greenhouse gas (GHG) nitrous oxide (N2O) and the translocation of inorganic N from terrestrial into aquatic ecosystems. We suggest that certain soil characteristics and microbial traits can be used as indicators of N availability and N losses. Identifying N hotspots in permafrost soils is key to assessing the potential for N release from permafrost-affected soils under global warming, as well as the impact of increased N availability on emissions of carbon-containing GHGs.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen3030031} (DOI). Fiencke, C.; Marushchak, M.; Sanders, T.; Wegner, R.; Beer, C.: Microbiogeochemical Traits to Identify Nitrogen Hotspots in Permafrost Regions. Nitrogen. 2022. vol. 3, no. 3, 458-501. DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen3030031}}
@misc{carlson_sailing_into_2022, 
author={Carlson, D.,Pett, P.,Peissel, N.,Bonnardeaux, C.,Suaria, G.},
title={Sailing into an Uncertain Future - Connecting Sailors and Scientists to Monitor the Pulse of the Changing Arctic},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {The number of sailing yachts that are venturing into Arctic waters has increased in the past decade. As a result, the sailing community has the potential to transform observational studies in the region. Longterm, cross-border engagement strategies are necessary to transition to a persistent and organized presence of sailing citizen scientists in the Arctic. In addition to tapping the well of citizen science, sailboats can provide scientists with affordable, flexible, and sustainable research platforms.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Carlson, D.; Pett, P.; Peissel, N.; Bonnardeaux, C.; Suaria, G.: Sailing into an Uncertain Future - Connecting Sailors and Scientists to Monitor the Pulse of the Changing Arctic. The Journal of Ocean Technology. 2022. vol. 17, no. 3, 30-36.}}
@misc{strauss_a_globally_2022, 
author={Strauss, J.,Biasi, C.,Sanders, T.,Abbott, B.W.,von Deimling, T.S.,Voigt, C.,Winkel, M.,Marushchak, M.E.,Kou, D.,Fuchs, M.,Horn, M.A.,Jongejans, L.L.,Liebner, S.,Nitzbon, J.,Schirrmeister, L.,Walter Anthony, K.,Yang, Y.,Zubrzycki, S.,Laboor, S.,Treat, C.,Grosse, G.},
title={A globally relevant stock of soil nitrogen in the Yedoma permafrost domain},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33794-9},
abstract = {Nitrogen regulates multiple aspects of the permafrost climate feedback, including plant growth, organic matter decomposition, and the production of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. Despite its importance, current estimates of permafrost nitrogen are highly uncertain. Here, we compiled a dataset of >2000 samples to quantify nitrogen stocks in the Yedoma domain, a region with organic-rich permafrost that contains ~25% of all permafrost carbon. We estimate that the Yedoma domain contains 41.2 gigatons of nitrogen down to ~20 metre for the deepest unit, which increases the previous estimate for the entire permafrost zone by ~46%. Approximately 90% of this nitrogen (37 gigatons) is stored in permafrost and therefore currently immobile and frozen. Here, we show that of this amount, ¾ is stored >3 metre depth, but if partially mobilised by thaw, this large nitrogen pool could have continental-scale consequences for soil and aquatic biogeochemistry and global-scale consequences for the permafrost feedback.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33794-9} (DOI). Strauss, J.; Biasi, C.; Sanders, T.; Abbott, B.; von Deimling, T.; Voigt, C.; Winkel, M.; Marushchak, M.; Kou, D.; Fuchs, M.; Horn, M.; Jongejans, L.; Liebner, S.; Nitzbon, J.; Schirrmeister, L.; Walter Anthony, K.; Yang, Y.; Zubrzycki, S.; Laboor, S.; Treat, C.; Grosse, G.: A globally relevant stock of soil nitrogen in the Yedoma permafrost domain. Nature Communications. 2022. vol. 13, no. 1, 6074. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33794-9}}
@misc{juhls_seasonal_dynamics_2022, 
author={Juhls, B.,Matsuoka, A.,Lizotte, M.,Bécu, G.,Overduin, P.P.,El Kassar, J.,Devred, E.,Doxaran, D.,Ferland, J.,Forget, M.H.,Hilborn, A.,Hieronymi, M.,Leymarie, E.,Maury, J.,Oziel, L.,Tisserand, L.,Anikina, D.O.J.,Dillon, M.,Babin, M.},
title={Seasonal dynamics of dissolved organic matter in the Mackenzie Delta, Canadian Arctic waters: Implications for ocean colour remote sensing},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113327},
abstract = {Increasing air temperatures and associated permafrost thaw in Arctic river watersheds, such as the Mackenzie River catchment, are directly affecting the aquatic environment. As a consequence, the quantity and the quality of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) that is transported via the Mackenzie River into the Arctic Ocean is expected to change. Particularly in these remote permafrost regions of the Arctic, monitoring of terrigenous organic carbon fluxes is insufficient and knowledge of distribution and fate of organic carbon when released to the coastal waters is remarkably lacking. Despite its poorly evaluated performance in Arctic coastal waters, Satellite Ocean Colour Remote Sensing (SOCRS) remains a powerful tool to complement monitoring of land-ocean DOC fluxes, detect their trends, and help in understanding their propagation in the Arctic Ocean.,In this study, we use in situ and SOCRS data to show the strong seasonal dynamics of the Mackenzie River plume and the spatial distribution of associated terrigenous DOC on the Beaufort Sea Shelf for the first time. Using a dataset collected during an extensive field campaign in 2019, the performance of three commonly-used atmospheric correction (AC) algorithms and two available colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) retrieval algorithms were evaluated using the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI). Our results showed that in optically-complex Arctic coastal waters the Polymer AC algorithm performed the best. For the retrieval of CDOM, the gsmA algorithm (Mean Percentage Error (MPE) = 35.7%) showed slightly more consistent results compared to the ONNS algorithm (MPE = 37.9%). By merging our measurements with published datasets, the newly-established DOC-CDOM relationship for the Mackenzie-Beaufort Sea region allowed estimations of DOC concentrations from SOCRS across the entire fluvial-marine transition zone with an MPE of 20.5%. Finally, we applied SOCRS with data from the Sentinel-3 OLCI sensor to illustrate the seasonal variation of DOC concentrations in the surface waters of the Beaufort Sea on a large spatial scales and high frequency throughout the entire open water period. Highest DOC concentrations and largest lateral extent of the plume were observed in spring right after the Mackenzie River ice break-up indicating that the freshet was the main driver of plume propagation and DOC distribution on the shelf. Satellite-derived images of surface water DOC concentration placed the in situ observations into a larger temporal and spatial context and revealed a strong seasonal variability in transport pathways of DOC in the Mackenzie- Beaufort Sea region.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113327} (DOI). Juhls, B.; Matsuoka, A.; Lizotte, M.; Bécu, G.; Overduin, P.; El Kassar, J.; Devred, E.; Doxaran, D.; Ferland, J.; Forget, M.; Hilborn, A.; Hieronymi, M.; Leymarie, E.; Maury, J.; Oziel, L.; Tisserand, L.; Anikina, D.; Dillon, M.; Babin, M.: Seasonal dynamics of dissolved organic matter in the Mackenzie Delta, Canadian Arctic waters: Implications for ocean colour remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2022. vol. 283, 113327. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2022.113327}}
@misc{waldmann_a_methodology_2022, 
author={Waldmann, C.,Fischer, P.,Seitz, S.,Köllner, M.,Fischer, J.,Bergenthal, M.,Brix, H.,Weinreben, S.,Huber, R.},
title={A methodology to uncertainty quantification of essential ocean variables},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1002153},
abstract = {The goal of this study is to provide a universally applicable procedure for a systematic evaluation of in situ measured data from single sensors regarding quantifying the uncertainty of the measurement results. As determining uncertainty for an environmental parameter also depends on the parameter itself, the focus here will be set on the variable water temperature in the first place. A separate analysis for salinity and other data will follow in later publications. With this first of a series of planned manuscripts on different parameters, we aim at providing a common understanding of how measurement uncertainty on single sensor measurements can be derived. Using an experimental in situ set-up with 6 different standard CTD sensors of two different brands, we created a four month-long, high-quality data set to be used to develop a reliable method for quantifying measurement uncertainties. Although the CTDs were deployed in a mooring in a coastal environment the described method can be extended to other deployment configurations as well. The described procedures have evolved as a stepwise process that takes the different perspectives of the involved authors into account, as well as the special conditions for environmental measurements, which are collected while the observed volume/area is undergoing a constant change. By sharing the ideas with other stakeholders, the basic concept can be extended to other observing programs and to other essential ocean variables.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1002153} (DOI). Waldmann, C.; Fischer, P.; Seitz, S.; Köllner, M.; Fischer, J.; Bergenthal, M.; Brix, H.; Weinreben, S.; Huber, R.: A methodology to uncertainty quantification of essential ocean variables. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2022. vol. 9, 1002153. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.1002153}}
@misc{vonderau_characteristic_regional_2022, 
author={von der Au, M.,Zimmermann, T.,Kleeberg, U.,von Tümpling, W.,Pröfrock, D.},
title={Characteristic regional differences in trace element pattern of 2014 German North Sea surface Wadden sediments – A judge and assessment},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114208},
abstract = {The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires good ecological status of the marine environment. This also includes the Wadden Sea located in the southeastern part of the North Sea and its chemical status of sediments. Based on results from campaigns conducted in the 1980s, 32 surface sediment samples were taken in 2014 to check whether the sampling strategy required for characterizing the trace element content in sediments is representative and to determine the degree of pollution and potential changes over the last decades. For this purpose the elemental mass fractions of 42 elements were assessed in the ≤20 μm grain size fraction of the surface sediments.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114208} (DOI). von der Au, M.; Zimmermann, T.; Kleeberg, U.; von Tümpling, W.; Pröfrock, D.: Characteristic regional differences in trace element pattern of 2014 German North Sea surface Wadden sediments – A judge and assessment. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2022. vol. 184, 114208. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114208}}
@misc{norbisrath_metabolic_alkalinity_2022, 
author={Norbisrath, M.,Pätsch, J.,Dähnke, K.,Sanders, T.,Schulz, G.,van Beusekom, J.,Thomas, H.},
title={Metabolic alkalinity release from large port facilities (Hamburg, Germany) and impact on coastal carbon storage},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5151-2022},
abstract = {Metabolic activities in estuaries, especially these of large rivers, profoundly affect the downstream coastal biogeochemistry. Here, we unravel the impacts of large industrial port facilities, showing that elevated metabolic activity in the Hamburg port (Germany) increases total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) runoff to the North Sea. The imports of particulate inorganic carbon, particulate organic carbon, and particulate organic nitrogen (PIC, POC, and PON) from the upstream Elbe River can fuel up to 90 % of the TA generated in the entire estuary via calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution. The remaining at least 10 % of TA generation can be attributed to anaerobic metabolic processes such as denitrification of remineralized PON or other pathways. The Elbe Estuary as a whole adds approximately 15 % to the overall DIC and TA runoff. Both the magnitude and partitioning among these processes appear to be sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic changes. Thus, with increased TA loads, the coastal ocean (in particular) would act as a stronger CO2 sink, resulting in changes to the overall coastal system's capacity to store CO2.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5151-2022} (DOI). Norbisrath, M.; Pätsch, J.; Dähnke, K.; Sanders, T.; Schulz, G.; van Beusekom, J.; Thomas, H.: Metabolic alkalinity release from large port facilities (Hamburg, Germany) and impact on coastal carbon storage. Biogeosciences. 2022. vol. 19, no. 22, 5151-5165. DOI: 10.5194/bg-19-5151-2022}}
@misc{asatryan_how_do_2022, 
author={Asatryan, G.,Harbott, M.,Todorović, S.,Kaplan, J.,Lazarus, D.,Lee, C.,Parmesan, C.,Renaudie, J.,Thomas, H.,Wu, H.,Richards, C.},
title={How Do Organisms Affect and Respond to Climate Change?},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2022.703195},
abstract = {Life on Earth is diverse at many levels, meaning there is a lot of variety within species and there are many different kinds of species. This biodiversity provides many of the resources that humans need and enhances our quality of life. All of Earth’s organisms are affected by Earth’s climate, but they also influence Earth’s climate. In this article, we show how research on plants, animals, and microbes helps us better understand how living things can both impact and respond to climate change. This research also gives us insight into what the future might be like for life on Earth. Such knowledge will help us to protect our planet—and the living things on it—from the harmful effects of future climate change.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2022.703195} (DOI). Asatryan, G.; Harbott, M.; Todorović, S.; Kaplan, J.; Lazarus, D.; Lee, C.; Parmesan, C.; Renaudie, J.; Thomas, H.; Wu, H.; Richards, C.: How Do Organisms Affect and Respond to Climate Change?. Frontiers for Young Minds. 2022. vol. 10, 703195. DOI: 10.3389/frym.2022.703195}}
@misc{zhang_ecoengineering_approaches_2022, 
author={Zhang, C.,Shi, T.,Liu, J.,He, Z.,Thomas, H.,Dong, H.,Rinkevich, B.,Wang, Y.,Hyun, J.-H.,Weinbauer, M.,López-Abbate, C.,Tu, Q.,Xie, S.,Yamashita, Y.,Tishchenko, P.,Chen, Q.,Zhang, R.,Jiao, N.},
title={Eco-engineering approaches for ocean negative carbon emission},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2022.11.016},
abstract = {The goal of achieving carbon neutrality in the next 30–40 years is approaching worldwide consensus and requires coordinated efforts to combat the increasing threat of climate change. Two main sets of actions have been proposed to address this grand goal. One is to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere, and the other is to increase carbon sinks or negative emissions, i.e., removing CO2 from the atmosphere. Here we advocate eco-engineering approaches for ocean negative carbon emission (ONCE), aiming to enhance carbon sinks in the marine environment. An international program is being established to promote coordinated efforts in developing ONCE-relevant strategies and methodologies, taking into consideration ecological/biogeochemical processes and mechanisms related to different forms of carbon (inorganic/organic, biotic/abiotic, particulate/dissolved) for sequestration. We focus on marine ecosystem-based approaches and pay special attention to mechanisms that require transformative research, including those elucidating interactions between the biological pump (BP), the microbial carbon pump (MCP), and microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). Eutrophic estuaries, hypoxic and anoxic waters, coral reef ecosystems, as well as aquaculture areas are particularly considered in the context of efforts to increase their capacity as carbon sinks. ONCE approaches are thus expected to be beneficial for both carbon sequestration and alleviation of environmental stresses.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2022.11.016} (DOI). Zhang, C.; Shi, T.; Liu, J.; He, Z.; Thomas, H.; Dong, H.; Rinkevich, B.; Wang, Y.; Hyun, J.; Weinbauer, M.; López-Abbate, C.; Tu, Q.; Xie, S.; Yamashita, Y.; Tishchenko, P.; Chen, Q.; Zhang, R.; Jiao, N.: Eco-engineering approaches for ocean negative carbon emission. Science Bulletin. 2022. vol. 67, no. 24, 2564-2573. DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.11.016}}
@misc{wang_lowfrequency_noise_2022, 
author={Wang, S.,Wrede, A.,Tremblay, N.,Beermann, J.},
title={Low-frequency noise pollution impairs burrowing activities of marine benthic invertebrates},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119899},
abstract = {Sounds from human activities such as shipping and seismic surveys have been progressively invading natural soundscapes and pervading oceanic ambient sounds for decades. Benthic invertebrates are important ecosystem engineers that continually rework the sediment they live in. Here, we tested how low-frequency noise (LFN), a significant component of noise pollution, affects the sediment reworking activities of selected macrobenthic invertebrates. In a controlled laboratory setup, the effects of acute LFN exposure on the behavior of three abundant bioturbators on the North Atlantic coasts were explored for the first time by tracking their sediment reworking and bioirrigation activities in noisy and control environments via luminophore and sodium bromide (NaBr) tracers, respectively. The amphipod crustacean Corophium volutator was negatively affected by LFN, exhibiting lower bioturbation rates and shallower luminophore burial depths compared to controls. The effect of LFN on the polychaete Arenicola marina and the bivalve Limecola balthica remained inconclusive, although A. marina displayed greater variability in bioirrigation rates when exposed to LFN. Furthermore, a potential stress response was observed in L. balthica that could reduce bioturbation potential. Benthic macroinvertebrates may be in jeopardy along with the crucial ecosystem-maintaining services they provide. More research is urgently needed to understand, predict, and manage the impacts of anthropogenic noise pollution on marine fauna and their associated ecosystems.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119899} (DOI). Wang, S.; Wrede, A.; Tremblay, N.; Beermann, J.: Low-frequency noise pollution impairs burrowing activities of marine benthic invertebrates. Environmental Pollution. 2022. vol. 310, 119899. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119899}}
@misc{teschke_critterbase_a_2022, 
author={Teschke, K.,Kraan, C.,Kloss, P.,Andresen, H.,Beermann, J.,Fiorentino, D.,Gusky, M.,Hansen, M.L.S.,Konijnenberg, R.,Koppe, R.,Pehlke, H.,Piepenburg, D.,Sabbagh, T.,Wrede, A.,Brey, T.,Dannheim, J.},
title={CRITTERBASE, a science-driven data warehouse for marine biota},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01590-1},
abstract = {Data on marine biota exist in many formats and sources, such as published literature, data repositories, and unpublished material. Due to this heterogeneity, information is difficult to find, access and combine, severely impeding its reuse for further scientific analysis and its long-term availability for future generations. To address this challenge, we present CRITTERBASE, a publicly accessible data warehouse and interactive portal that currently hosts quality-controlled and taxonomically standardized presence/absence, abundance, and biomass data for 18,644 samples and 3,664 benthic taxa (2,824 of which at species level). These samples were collected by grabs, underwater imaging or trawls in Arctic, North Sea and Antarctic regions between the years 1800 and 2014. Data were collated from literature, unpublished data, own research and online repositories. All metadata and links to primary sources are included. We envision CRITTERBASE becoming a valuable and continuously expanding tool for a wide range of usages, such as studies of spatio-temporal biodiversity patterns, impacts and risks of climate change or the evidence-based design of marine protection policies.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01590-1} (DOI). Teschke, K.; Kraan, C.; Kloss, P.; Andresen, H.; Beermann, J.; Fiorentino, D.; Gusky, M.; Hansen, M.; Konijnenberg, R.; Koppe, R.; Pehlke, H.; Piepenburg, D.; Sabbagh, T.; Wrede, A.; Brey, T.; Dannheim, J.: CRITTERBASE, a science-driven data warehouse for marine biota. Scientific Data. 2022. vol. 9, no. 1, 483. DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01590-1}}
@misc{valente_a_compilation_2022, 
author={Valente, A.,Sathyendranath, S.,Brotas, V.,Groom, S.,Grant, M.,Jackson, T.,Chuprin, A.,Taberner, M.,Airs, R.,Antoine, D.,Arnone, R.,Balch, W. M.,Barker, K.,Barlow, R.,Bélanger, S.,Berthon, J.-F.,Beşiktepe, Ş.,Borsheim, Y.,Bracher, A.,Brando, V.,Brewin, R. J. W.,Canuti, E.,Chavez, F. P.,Cianca, A.,Claustre, H.,Clementson, L.,Crout, R.,Ferreira, A.,Freeman, S.,Frouin, R.,García-Soto, C.,Gibb, S. W.,Goericke, R.,Gould, R.,Guillocheau, N.,Hooker, S. B.,Hu, C.,Kahru, M.,Kampel, M.,Klein, H.,Kratzer, S.,Kudela, R.,Ledesma, J.,Lohrenz, S.,Loisel, H.,Mannino, A.,Martinez-Vicente, V.,Matrai, P.,McKee, D.,Mitchell, B. G.,Moisan, T.,Montes, E.,Muller-Karger, F.,Neeley, A.,Novak, M.,O'Dowd, L.,Ondrusek, M.,Platt, T.,Poulton, A. J.,Repecaud, M.,Röttgers, R.,Schroeder, T.,Smyth, T.,Smythe-Wright, D.,Sosik, H. M.,Thomas, C.,Thomas, R.,Tilstone, G.,Tracana, A.,Twardowski, M.,Vellucci, V.,Voss, K.,Werdell, J.,Wernand, M.,Wojtasiewicz, B.,Wright, S.,Zibordi, G.},
title={A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean colour satellite applications – version three},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5737-2022},
abstract = {A global in situ data set for validation of ocean colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) is presented. This version of the compilation, starting in 1997, now extends to 2021, which is important for the validation of the most recent satellite optical sensors such as Sentinel 3B OLCI and NOAA-20 VIIRS. The data set comprises in situ observations of the following variables: spectral remote-sensing reflectance, concentration of chlorophyll-a, spectral inherent optical properties, spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient, and total suspended matter. Data were obtained from multi-project archives acquired via open internet services or from individual projects acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenization, quality control, and merging of all data. Minimal changes were made on the original data, other than conversion to a standard format, elimination of some points, after quality control and averaging of observations that were close in time and space. The result is a merged table available in text format. Overall, the size of the data set grew with 148 432 rows, with each row representing a unique station in space and time (cf. 136 250 rows in previous version; Valente et al., 2019). Observations of remote-sensing reflectance increased to 68 641 (cf. 59 781 in previous version; Valente et al., 2019). There was also a near tenfold increase in chlorophyll data since 2016. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) are included in the final table. By making the metadata available, provenance is better documented and it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately. The compiled data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.941318 (Valente et al., 2022).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5737-2022} (DOI). Valente, A.; Sathyendranath, S.; Brotas, V.; Groom, S.; Grant, M.; Jackson, T.; Chuprin, A.; Taberner, M.; Airs, R.; Antoine, D.; Arnone, R.; Balch, W.; Barker, K.; Barlow, R.; Bélanger, S.; Berthon, J.; Beşiktepe, Ş.; Borsheim, Y.; Bracher, A.; Brando, V.; Brewin, R.; Canuti, E.; Chavez, F.; Cianca, A.; Claustre, H.; Clementson, L.; Crout, R.; Ferreira, A.; Freeman, S.; Frouin, R.; García-Soto, C.; Gibb, S.; Goericke, R.; Gould, R.; Guillocheau, N.; Hooker, S.; Hu, C.; Kahru, M.; Kampel, M.; Klein, H.; Kratzer, S.; Kudela, R.; Ledesma, J.; Lohrenz, S.; Loisel, H.; Mannino, A.; Martinez-Vicente, V.; Matrai, P.; McKee, D.; Mitchell, B.; Moisan, T.; Montes, E.; Muller-Karger, F.; Neeley, A.; Novak, M.; O'Dowd, L.; Ondrusek, M.; Platt, T.; Poulton, A.; Repecaud, M.; Röttgers, R.; Schroeder, T.; Smyth, T.; Smythe-Wright, D.; Sosik, H.; Thomas, C.; Thomas, R.; Tilstone, G.; Tracana, A.; Twardowski, M.; Vellucci, V.; Voss, K.; Werdell, J.; Wernand, M.; Wojtasiewicz, B.; Wright, S.; Zibordi, G.: A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean colour satellite applications – version three. Earth System Science Data. 2022. vol. 14, no. 12, 5737-5770. DOI: 10.5194/essd-14-5737-2022}}
@misc{dhnke_nitrogen_isotopes_2022, 
author={Dähnke, K.,Sanders, T.,Voynova, Y.,Wankel, S.},
title={Nitrogen isotopes reveal a particulate-matter-driven biogeochemical reactor in a temperate estuary},
year={2022},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5879-2022},
abstract = {Estuaries and rivers are important biogeochemical reactors that act to modify the loads and composition of nutrients in the coastal zone. In a case study during July 2013, we sampled an 80 km transect along the Elbe Estuary under low-oxygen conditions. To better elucidate specific mechanisms of estuarine nitrogen processing, we tracked the evolution of the stable isotopic composition of nitrate, nitrite, particulate matter, and ammonium through the water column. This approach allowed assessment of the in situ isotope effects of ammonium and nitrite oxidation and of remineralization at the reach scale. The isotope effects of nitrite oxidation and ammonium oxidation were consistent with pure-culture assessments. We found that the nitrogen budget of the Elbe Estuary is governed by settling, resuspension, and remineralization of particulate matter, and we further used our stable isotope data to evaluate sources and sinks of nitrogen in the Elbe Estuary via an isotope mass-balance approach. We find that the reactivity of particulate matter, through its remineralization in the estuary, is the main control on the isotope dynamics of inorganic nitrogen species. Moreover, while underscoring this role of particulate matter delivery and reactivity, the isotope mass balance also indicated additional sinks of reactive nitrogen, such as possible denitrification of water column nitrate in the intensively dredged and deep Hamburg Harbor region.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5879-2022} (DOI). Dähnke, K.; Sanders, T.; Voynova, Y.; Wankel, S.: Nitrogen isotopes reveal a particulate-matter-driven biogeochemical reactor in a temperate estuary. Biogeosciences. 2022. vol. 19, no. 24, 5879-5891. DOI: 10.5194/bg-19-5879-2022}}
@misc{callies_sensitive_dependence_2021, 
author={Callies, U.},
title={Sensitive dependence of trajectories on tracer seeding positions – coherent structures in German Bight backward drift simulations},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-527-2021},
abstract = {Backward drift simulations can aid the interpretation of in situ monitoring data. Some trajectories, however, are sensitive to even small changes of the tracer release position. A corresponding spread of backward simulations implies convergence in the forward passage of time. Such uncertainty about the probed water body's origin complicates the interpretation of measurements. This study examines surface drift simulations in the German Bight (North Sea). Lines across which drift behaviour changes non-smoothly are obtained as ridges in the fields of the finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE), a parameter used in dynamical systems theory to identify Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS). Results are shown to closely resemble those obtained considering a) two-particle relative dispersion and b) the average divergence of Eulerian velocities that tracers experience. Structures observed in simulated sea surface temperature and salinity further corroborate the FTLE results.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-527-2021} (DOI). Callies, U.: Sensitive dependence of trajectories on tracer seeding positions – coherent structures in German Bight backward drift simulations. Ocean Science. 2021. vol. 17, no. 2, 527-541. DOI: 10.5194/os-17-527-2021}}
@misc{clases_quantitative_speciation_2021, 
author={Clases, D.,Ueland, M.,Gonzalez de Vega, R.,Doble, P.,Pröfrock, D.},
title={Quantitative speciation of volatile sulphur compounds from human cadavers by GC-ICP-MS},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121424},
abstract = {This work demonstrates the first forensic application of GC-ICP-MS for improved investigations of volatile organic compounds originating from a decomposing body. Volatile organic compounds were extracted from the headspace of human remains using sorbent tubes over a total time of 39 days. To account for naturally abundant species, control sites were prepared and sampled accordingly. All samples were spiked with an internal standard to minimise drift effects and errors during sample preparation and further analysis. Compound independent quantification was possible from a single chromatogram with a standard mix containing volatile pesticide compounds representing different mass fractions of target elements for calibration. Phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine were investigated as biologically relevant elements, which potentially form detectable volatile species during decomposition. The limits of detection of these elements in the headspace were 0.7, 5.4 and 1.6 ng/L, respectively. For sulphur, we identified abundant species which increased in concentrations of up to 1310 ng/L in the headspace above the remains. The concentrations were time dependent and show potential as forensic markers to determine post-mortem intervals or decomposition states. The universal quantification, standardisation and the high sensitivity of GC-ICP-MS augments traditional GC-MS analyses.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121424} (DOI). Clases, D.; Ueland, M.; Gonzalez de Vega, R.; Doble, P.; Pröfrock, D.: Quantitative speciation of volatile sulphur compounds from human cadavers by GC-ICP-MS. Talanta. 2021. vol. 221, 121424. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121424}}
@misc{lian_interprovincial_trade_2021, 
author={Lian, L.,Huang, T.,Ling, Z.,Li, S.,Li, J.,Jiang, W.,Gao, H.,Tao, S.,Liu, J.,Xie, Z.,Mao, X.,Ma, J.},
title={Interprovincial trade driven relocation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lung cancer risk in China},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124368},
abstract = {Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of ubiquitous organic contaminants which poses an adverse health impact on environment and humans. This study assesses the PAHs environmental contamination and associated lung cancer risk attributable to interprovincial trade in goods and services in China. Virtual trade driven PAHs flow mainly from well-developed and industrialized provinces to less-developed provinces that provide energy and raw materials. In 2007, Shanxi (with a net PAHs outflow of 3743 tons) and Hebei (with a net PAHs outflow of 851 tons) account for 66.8% of total PAH emission outflow attributable to interprovincial trade. The largest single net PAHs flow was from Shanxi to Zhejiang (399 tons), followed by Shanxi to Jiangsu (371 tons), and Hebei to Zhejiang (194 tons). Our results also reveal a switching from outflow to inflow of industrial products with high PAH emissions in some provinces from 2007 to 2012 due to the changes in their industrial structure. The estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) based on modeled benzo [a]pyrene (BaP) concentrations and considering trade driven emissions shows that excess nonoccupational lung cancer cases associated with trade related industrial BaP emissions totaled 2176 in 2007, accounting for 42% of lung cancer cases induced by all Chinese BaP emissions. Without interprovincial trade, Chinese lung cancer cases would increase to 3677 in 2007, indicating that interprovincial trade reduces lung cancer cases in well-developed and populated coastal provinces and increases cases in less populated and less developed provinces, which reduces the overall number of Chinese lung cancer cases. It is recommended that well-developed provinces in eastern and southern China should subsidize those inland provinces providing goods and services to eastern and southern China, in addition to the interprovincial trade.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124368} (DOI). Lian, L.; Huang, T.; Ling, Z.; Li, S.; Li, J.; Jiang, W.; Gao, H.; Tao, S.; Liu, J.; Xie, Z.; Mao, X.; Ma, J.: Interprovincial trade driven relocation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lung cancer risk in China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021. vol. 280, no. Part 1, 124368. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124368}}
@misc{vandam_water_temperature_2021, 
author={Van Dam, B.,Lopes, C.,Polsenaere, P.,Price, R.,Rutgersson, A.,Fourqurean, J.},
title={Water temperature control on CO2 flux and evaporation over a subtropical seagrass meadow revealed by atmospheric eddy covariance},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11620},
abstract = {Subtropical seagrass meadows play a major role in the coastal carbon cycle, but the nature of air–water CO2 exchanges over these ecosystems is still poorly understood. The complex physical forcing of air–water exchange in coastal waters challenges our ability to quantify bulk exchanges of CO2 and water (evaporation), emphasizing the need for direct measurements. We describe the first direct measurements of evaporation and CO2 flux over a calcifying seagrass meadow near Bob Allen Keys, Florida. Over the 78‐d study, CO2 emissions were 36% greater during the day than at night, and the site was a net CO2 source to the atmosphere of 0.27 ± 0.17 μmol m−2 s−1 (x̅ ± standard deviation). A quarter (23%) of the diurnal variability in CO2 flux was caused by the effect of changing water temperature on gas solubility. Furthermore, evaporation rates were ~ 10 times greater than precipitation, causing a 14% increase in salinity, a potential precursor of seagrass die‐offs. Evaporation rates were not correlated with solar radiation, but instead with air–water temperature gradient and wind shear. We also confirm the role of convective forcing on night‐time enhancement and day‐time suppression of gas transfer. At this site, temperature trends are regulated by solar heating, combined with shallow water depth and relatively consistent air temperature. Our findings indicate that evaporation and air–water CO2 exchange over shallow, tropical, and subtropical seagrass ecosystems may be fundamentally different than in submerged vegetated environments elsewhere, in part due to the complex physical forcing of coastal air–sea gas transfer.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11620} (DOI). Van Dam, B.; Lopes, C.; Polsenaere, P.; Price, R.; Rutgersson, A.; Fourqurean, J.: Water temperature control on CO2 flux and evaporation over a subtropical seagrass meadow revealed by atmospheric eddy covariance. Limnology and Oceanography. 2021. vol. 66, no. 2, 510-527. DOI: 10.1002/lno.11620}}
@misc{ldmann_acoustic_backscatter_2021, 
author={Lüdmann, T.,Saitz, M.,Metzing, J.,Emeis, K.},
title={Acoustic backscatter analysis of ground-fishing activity in the German North Sea sector},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2020.104292},
abstract = {The physical impact of demersal fishing was studied in three different areas of the German North Sea sector by use of a multibeam echosounder. The areas represent typical shallow seas siliciclastic habitats in variable distance to the coastline. Their seabed substrate is dominated by coarse silt close to the shore and by fine sand in the most distal area on the Dogger Bank. The study documents the utility of the multibeam as a suitable tool to map large seafloor areas, as well as to quantify and qualify the footprints of the fishing groundgear. Besides the depth and amplitude information, the multibeam data allows the analysis of the incidence angle-dependent variation of the backscatter signal that provides additional information on the seabed impedance, roughness, volume scatter and substrate type. Two main types of destructive seafloor pattern were observed in the three areas. The dominant type are pairs of parallel furrows exhibiting widths of 6–9 m and depths of 2–6 cm and is related to beam trawling. Separation distance of the pair furrows is 16–23 m. The second type are pairs of narrow furrows (3–4 m) with much larger separation distance of 110–120 m. They are attributed to otter board trawling.,A comparison of their mechanical ramification shows that the fishing gear incises the seafloor and modifies seafloor structures and properties. Our investigation documents that beam trawling has the greatest physical impact and exhibits the highest furrow density in the three study areas. The created furrows can persist for at least 4 months in a substrate of very fine sand. Depending on the hydrodynamic regime, the furrows can be later refilled by finer sediments, or levelled out by storm wave-induced turbulence reaching the seafloor. The hydrofoils used in otter trawl to spread the net likewise incise the seafloor, but the furrows are much narrower. However, the ground rope of the net towed between the boards scratches the seafloor and levels the microscale topography along track widths of ca. 100 m.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2020.104292} (DOI). Lüdmann, T.; Saitz, M.; Metzing, J.; Emeis, K.: Acoustic backscatter analysis of ground-fishing activity in the German North Sea sector. Continental Shelf Research. 2021. vol. 212, 104292. DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2020.104292}}
@misc{zagarese_patterns_of_2021, 
author={Zagarese, H.,de los Ángeles González Sagrario, M.,Wolf-Gladrow, D.,Nõges, P.,Nõges, T.,Kangur, K.,Matsuzaki, S.,Kohzu, A.,Vanni, M.,Ozkundakci, D.,Echaniz, S.,Vignatti, A.,Grosman, F.,Sanzano, P.,Van Dam, B.,Knoll, L.},
title={Patterns of CO2 concentration and inorganic carbon limitation of phytoplankton biomass in agriculturally eutrophic lakes},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116715},
abstract = {Lake eutrophication is a pervasive problem globally, particularly serious in agricultural and densely populated areas. Whenever nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus do not limit phytoplankton growth directly, high growth rates will rapidly lead to biomass increases causing self-shading and light-limitation, and eventually CO2 depletion. The paradigm of phytoplankton limitation by nutrients and light is so pervasively established, that the lack of nutrient limitation is ordinarily interpreted as sufficient evidence for the condition of light limitation, without considering the possibility of limitation by inorganic carbon. Here, we firstly evaluated how frequently CO2 undersaturation occurs in a set of eutrophic lakes in the Pampa plains. Our results confirm that conditions of CO2 undersaturation develop much more frequently (yearly 34%, summer 44%) in these agriculturally impacted lakes than in deep, temperate lakes in forested watersheds. Secondly, we used Generalized Additive Models to fit trends in CO2 concentration considering three drivers: total incident irradiance, chlorophyll a concentration, and lake depth; in eight multi-year datasets from eutrophic lakes from Europe, North and South America, Asia and New Zealand. CO2 depletion was more often observed at high irradiance levels, and shallow water. CO2 depletion also occurred at high chlorophyll concentration. Finally, we identified occurrences of light- and carbon-limitation at the whole-lake scale. The different responses of chlorophyll a and},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116715} (DOI). Zagarese, H.; de los Ángeles González Sagrario, M.; Wolf-Gladrow, D.; Nõges, P.; Nõges, T.; Kangur, K.; Matsuzaki, S.; Kohzu, A.; Vanni, M.; Ozkundakci, D.; Echaniz, S.; Vignatti, A.; Grosman, F.; Sanzano, P.; Van Dam, B.; Knoll, L.: Patterns of CO2 concentration and inorganic carbon limitation of phytoplankton biomass in agriculturally eutrophic lakes. Water Research. 2021. vol. 190, 116715. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116715}}
@misc{vlasenko_simulation_of_2021, 
author={Vlasenko, A.,Matthias, V.,Callies, U.},
title={Simulation of chemical transport model estimates by means of a neural network using meteorological data},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118236},
abstract = {Chemical substances of either anthropogenic or natural origin affect air quality and, as a consequence, also the health of the population. Therefore, there is a high demand for reliable air quality scenarios that can support possible management decisions. However, generating long term assessments of air quality assuming different emission scenarios is still a great challenge when using detailed atmospheric chemistry models. In this study, we test machine learning technique based on neural networks (NN) to emulate process-oriented modeling outcomes. A successfully calibrated NN might estimate concentrations of chemical substances in the air several orders faster than the original model and with reasonably small errors. We designed a simple recurrent 3-layer NN to reproduce daily mean concentrations of NO2, SO2 and C2H6 over Europe as simulated by the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ). The general structure of the NN can be shown to approximate a continuity equation. Inputs of the network are daily mean meteorological state variables, taken from the climate model COSMO-CLM. The proposed NN emulates CMAQ outputs with an error not exceeding the difference between CMAQ and other known chemical transport models.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118236} (DOI). Vlasenko, A.; Matthias, V.; Callies, U.: Simulation of chemical transport model estimates by means of a neural network using meteorological data. Atmospheric Environment. 2021. vol. 254, 118236. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118236}}
@misc{braune_the_influence_2021, 
author={Braune, S.,Bäckemo, J.,Lau, S.,Heuchel, M.,Kratz, K.,Jung, F.,Reinthaler, M.,Lendlein, A.},
title={The influence of different rewetting procedures on the thrombogenicity of nanoporous poly(ether imide) microparticles},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-201029},
abstract = {Nanoporous microparticles prepared from poly(ether imide) (PEI) are discussed as candidate adsorber materials for the removal of uremic toxins during apheresis. Polymers exhibiting such porosity can induce the formation of micro-gas/air pockets when exposed to fluids. Such air presenting material surfaces are reported to induce platelet activation and thrombus formation. Physical or chemical treatments prior to implantation are discussed to reduce the formation of such gas nuclei. Here, we report about the influence of different rewetting procedures – as chemical treatments with solvents – on the thrombogenicity of hydrophobic PEI microparticles and PEI microparticles hydrophilized by covalent attachment of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) of two different chain lengths. Autoclaved dry PEI particles of all types with a diameter range of 200 – 250 μm and a porosity of about 84% ±2% were either rewetted directly with phosphate buffered saline (24 h) or after immersion in an ethanol-series. Thrombogenicity of the particles was studied in vitro using human sodium citrated whole blood (60 min, 5 rpm vertical rotation). Numbers of non-adherent platelets were quantified, and adhesion of blood cells was qualitatively analyzed by bright field microscopy. Platelet activation (percentage of CD62P positive platelets and amounts of soluble P-Selectin) and platelet function (PFA100 closure times) were analysed. Retention of blood platelets on the particles was similar for all particle types and both rewetting procedures. Non-adherent platelets were less activated after contact with ethanol-treated particles of all types compared to those rewetted with phosphate buffered saline as assessed by a reduced number of CD62P-positive platelets and reduced amounts of secreted P-Selectin (P < 0.05 each). Interestingly, the hydrophilic surfaces significantly increased the number of activated platelets compared to hydrophobic PEI regardless of the rewetting agent. This suggests that, apart from wettability, other material properties might be more important to regulate platelet activation. PFA100 closure times were reduced and within the reference ranges in the ethanol group, however, significantly increased in the saline group. No substantial difference was detected between the tested surface modifications. In summary, rewetting with ethanol resulted in a reduced thrombogenicity of all studied microparticles regardless of their wettability, most likely resulting from the evacuation of air from the nanoporous particles.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-201029} (DOI). Braune, S.; Bäckemo, J.; Lau, S.; Heuchel, M.; Kratz, K.; Jung, F.; Reinthaler, M.; Lendlein, A.: The influence of different rewetting procedures on the thrombogenicity of nanoporous poly(ether imide) microparticles. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2021. vol. 77, no. 4, 367-380. DOI: 10.3233/CH-201029}}
@misc{lau_venous_and_2021, 
author={Lau, S.,Gossen, M.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Venous and Arterial Endothelial Cells from Human Umbilical Cords: Potential Cell Sources for Cardiovascular Research},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020978},
abstract = {Although cardiovascular devices are mostly implanted in arteries or to replace arteries, in vitro studies on implant endothelialization are commonly performed with human umbilical cord-derived venous endothelial cells (HUVEC). In light of considerable differences, both morphologically and functionally, between arterial and venous endothelial cells, we here compare HUVEC and human umbilical cord-derived arterial endothelial cells (HUAEC) regarding their equivalence as an endothelial cell in vitro model for cardiovascular research. No differences were found in either for the tested parameters. The metabolic activity and lactate dehydrogenase, an indicator for the membrane integrity, slightly decreased over seven days of cultivation upon normalization to the cell number. The amount of secreted nitrite and nitrate, as well as prostacyclin per cell, also decreased slightly over time. Thromboxane B2 was secreted in constant amounts per cell at all time points. The Von Willebrand factor remained mainly intracellularly up to seven days of cultivation. In contrast, collagen and laminin were secreted into the extracellular space with increasing cell density. Based on these results one might argue that both cell types are equally suited for cardiovascular research. However, future studies should investigate further cell functionalities, and whether arterial endothelial cells from implantation-relevant areas, such as coronary arteries in the heart, are superior to umbilical cord-derived endothelial cells.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020978} (DOI). Lau, S.; Gossen, M.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Venous and Arterial Endothelial Cells from Human Umbilical Cords: Potential Cell Sources for Cardiovascular Research. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021. vol. 22, no. 2, 978. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020978}}
@misc{schulz_potential_effects_2021, 
author={Schulz, C.,Krüger-Genge, A.,Lendlein, A.,Küpper, J.,Jung, F.},
title={Potential Effects of Nonadherent on Adherent Human Umbilical Venous Endothelial Cells in Cell Culture},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031493},
abstract = {The adherence and shear-resistance of human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) on polymers is determined in vitro in order to qualify cardiovascular implant materials. In these tests, variable fractions of HUVEC do not adhere to the material but remain suspended in the culture medium. Nonadherent HUVEC usually stop growing, rapidly lose their viability and can release mediators able to influence the growth and function of the adherent HUVEC. The aim of this study was the investigation of the time dependent behaviour of HUVEC under controlled nonadherent conditions, in order to gain insights into potential influences of these cells on their surrounding environment in particular adherent HUVEC in the context of in vitro biofunctionality assessment of cardiovascular implant materials. Data from adherent or nonadherent HUVEC growing on polystyrene-based cell adhesive tissue culture plates (TCP) or nonadhesive low attachment plates (LAP) allow to calculate the number of mediators released into the culture medium either from adherent or nonadherent cells. Thus, the source of the inflammatory mediators can be identified. For nonadherent HUVEC, a time-dependent aggregation without further proliferation was observed. The rate of apoptotic/dead HUVEC progressively increased over 90% within two days. Concomitant with distinct blebbing and loss of membrane integrity over time, augmented releases of prostacyclin (PGI2, up to 2.91 ± 0.62 fg/cell) and platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB, up to 1.46 ± 0.42 fg/cell) were detected. The study revealed that nonadherent, dying HUVEC released mediators, which can influence the surrounding microenvironment and thereby the results of in vitro biofunctionality assessment of cardiovascular implant materials. Neglecting nonadherent HUVEC bears the risk for under- or overestimation of the materials endothelialization potential, which could lead to the loss of relevant candidates or to uncertainty with regard to their suitability for cardiac applications. One approach to minimize the influence from nonadherent endothelial cells could be their removal shortly after observing initial cell adhesion. However, this would require an individual adaptation of the study design, depending on the properties of the biomaterial used.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031493} (DOI). Schulz, C.; Krüger-Genge, A.; Lendlein, A.; Küpper, J.; Jung, F.: Potential Effects of Nonadherent on Adherent Human Umbilical Venous Endothelial Cells in Cell Culture. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021. vol. 22, no. 3, 1493. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031493}}
@misc{weitere_disentangling_multiple_2021, 
author={Weitere, M.,Altenburger, R.,Anlanger, C.,Baborowski, M.,Bärlund, I.,Beckers, L.-M.,Borchardt, D.,Brack, W.,Brase, L.,Busch, W.,Chatzinotas, A.,Deutschmann, B.,Eligehausen, J.,Frank, K.,Graeber, D.,Griebler, C.,Hagemann, J.,Herzsprung, P.,Hollert, H.,Inostroza, P.A.,Jäger, C.G.,Kallies, R.,Kamjunke, N.,Karrasch, B.,Kaschuba, S.,Kaus, A.,Klauer, B.,Knöller, K.,Koschorreck, M.,Krauss, M.,Kunz, J.V.,Kurz, M.J.,Liess, M.,Mages, M.,Müller, C.,Muschket, M.,Musolff, A.,Norf, H.,Pöhlein, F.,Reiber, L.,Risse-Buhl, U.,Schramm, K.-W.,Schmitt-Jansen, M.,Schmitz, M.,Strachauer, U.,von Tümpling, W.,Weber, N.,Wild, R.,Wolf, C.,Brauns, M.},
title={Disentangling multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors in a lotic ecosystem using a longitudinal approach},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144324},
abstract = {Meeting ecological and water quality standards in lotic ecosystems is often failed due to multiple stressors. However, disentangling stressor effects and identifying relevant stressor-effect-relationships in complex environmental settings remain major challenges. By combining state-of-the-art methods from ecotoxicology and aquatic ecosystem analysis, we aimed here to disentangle the effects of multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors along a longitudinal land use gradient in a third-order river in Germany. We distinguished and evaluated four dominant stressor categories along this gradient: (1) Hydromorphological alterations: Flow diversity and substrate diversity correlated with the EU-Water Framework Directive based indicators for the quality element macroinvertebrates, which deteriorated at the transition from near-natural reference sites to urban sites. (2) Elevated nutrient levels and eutrophication: Low to moderate nutrient concentrations together with complete canopy cover at the reference sites correlated with low densities of benthic algae (biofilms). We found no more systematic relation of algal density with nutrient concentrations at the downstream sites, suggesting that limiting concentrations are exceeded already at moderate nutrient concentrations and reduced shading by riparian vegetation. (3) Elevated organic matter levels: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and stormwater drainage systems were the primary sources of bioavailable dissolved organic carbon. Consequently, planktonic bacterial production and especially extracellular enzyme activity increased downstream of those effluents showing local peaks. (4) Micropollutants and toxicity-related stress: WWTPs were the predominant source of toxic stress, resulting in a rapid increase of the toxicity for invertebrates and algae with only one order of magnitude below the acute toxic levels. This toxicity correlates negatively with the contribution of invertebrate species being sensitive towards pesticides (SPEARpesticides index), probably contributing to the loss of biodiversity recorded in response to WWTP effluents. Our longitudinal approach highlights the potential of coordinated community efforts in supplementing established monitoring methods to tackle the complex phenomenon of multiple stress.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144324} (DOI). Weitere, M.; Altenburger, R.; Anlanger, C.; Baborowski, M.; Bärlund, I.; Beckers, L.; Borchardt, D.; Brack, W.; Brase, L.; Busch, W.; Chatzinotas, A.; Deutschmann, B.; Eligehausen, J.; Frank, K.; Graeber, D.; Griebler, C.; Hagemann, J.; Herzsprung, P.; Hollert, H.; Inostroza, P.; Jäger, C.; Kallies, R.; Kamjunke, N.; Karrasch, B.; Kaschuba, S.; Kaus, A.; Klauer, B.; Knöller, K.; Koschorreck, M.; Krauss, M.; Kunz, J.; Kurz, M.; Liess, M.; Mages, M.; Müller, C.; Muschket, M.; Musolff, A.; Norf, H.; Pöhlein, F.; Reiber, L.; Risse-Buhl, U.; Schramm, K.; Schmitt-Jansen, M.; Schmitz, M.; Strachauer, U.; von Tümpling, W.; Weber, N.; Wild, R.; Wolf, C.; Brauns, M.: Disentangling multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors in a lotic ecosystem using a longitudinal approach. Science of the Total Environment. 2021. vol. 769, 144324. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144324}}
@misc{francescangeli_recent_benthic_2021, 
author={Francescangeli, F.,Milker, Y.,Bunzel, D.,Thomas, H.,Norbisrath, M.,Schönfeld, J.,Schmiedl, G.},
title={Recent benthic foraminiferal distribution in the Elbe Estuary (North Sea, Germany): A response to environmental stressors},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107198},
abstract = {For the past 200 years, estuarine environments experienced intense and rapid environmental degradations due to human interventions. In addition, Global Changes are modifying the estuarine physiography, leading to a re-structuration of marginal marine benthic communities. The aim of this study is to document, the modern assemblage composition and the species-environment relations of benthic foraminifera upstream the Elbe Estuary (southern North Sea) and to observe what has changed since the first survey in 1981. For this purpose, a surface sampling was carried out from 22 stations along the transitional area of the Elbe Estuary. Living (rose-Bengal stained) and dead foraminiferal assemblages were analysed as well as hydrological and sedimentological parameters (such as salinity, pH, grain-size, and organic matter). Living faunas are characterized by very low densities and largely dominated by Ammonia species. Dead assemblages are more diverse and dominated by Ammonia aomoriensis, Haynesina germanica, and Cribroelphidium selseyense. Salinity and grain-size seem to be the major factors influencing foraminiferal distributions in the transitional area. Under the ongoing climate changes, future strategies will be taken to foster the application of benthic foraminifera as biomonitoring tool in the Elbe Estuary, via this baseline investigation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107198} (DOI). Francescangeli, F.; Milker, Y.; Bunzel, D.; Thomas, H.; Norbisrath, M.; Schönfeld, J.; Schmiedl, G.: Recent benthic foraminiferal distribution in the Elbe Estuary (North Sea, Germany): A response to environmental stressors. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2021. vol. 251, 107198. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107198}}
@misc{duke_seasonal_marine_2021, 
author={Duke, P.,Else, B.,Jones, S.,Marriot, S.,Ahmed, M.,Nandan, V.,Butterworth, B.,Gonski, S.,Dewey, R.,Sastri, A.,Miller, L.,Simpson, K.,Thomas, H.},
title={Seasonal marine carbon system processes in an Arctic coastal landfast sea ice environment observed with an innovative underwater sensor platform},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00103},
abstract = {Studying carbon dioxide in the ocean helps to understand how the ocean will be impacted by climate change and respond to increasing fossil fuel emissions. The marine carbonate system is not well characterized in the Arctic, where challenging logistics and extreme conditions limit observations of atmospheric CO2 flux and ocean acidification. Here, we present a high-resolution marine carbon system data set covering the complete cycle of sea-ice growth and melt in an Arctic estuary (Nunavut, Canada). This data set was collected through three consecutive yearlong deployments of sensors for pH and partial pressure of CO2 in seawater (pCO2sw) on a cabled underwater observatory. The sensors were remarkably stable compared to discrete samples: While corrections for offsets were required in some instances, we did not observe significant drift over the deployment periods. Our observations revealed a strong seasonality in this marine carbon system. Prior to sea-ice formation, air–sea gas exchange and respiration were the dominant processes, leading to increasing pCO2sw and reduced aragonite saturation state (ΩAr). During sea-ice growth, water column respiration and brine rejection (possibly enriched in dissolved inorganic carbon, relative to alkalinity, due to ikaite precipitation in sea ice) drove pCO2sw to supersaturation and lowered ΩAr to < 1. Shortly after polar sunrise, the ecosystem became net autotrophic, returning pCO2sw to undersaturation. The biological community responsible for this early switch to autotrophy (well before ice algae or phytoplankton blooms) requires further investigation. After sea-ice melt initiated, an under-ice phytoplankton bloom strongly reduced aqueous carbon (chlorophyll-a max of 2.4 µg L–1), returning ΩAr to > 1 after 4.5 months of undersaturation. Based on simple extrapolations of anthropogenic carbon inventories, we suspect that this seasonal undersaturation would not have occurred naturally. At ice breakup, the sensor platform recorded low pCO2sw (230 µatm), suggesting a strong CO2 sink during the open water season.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00103} (DOI). Duke, P.; Else, B.; Jones, S.; Marriot, S.; Ahmed, M.; Nandan, V.; Butterworth, B.; Gonski, S.; Dewey, R.; Sastri, A.; Miller, L.; Simpson, K.; Thomas, H.: Seasonal marine carbon system processes in an Arctic coastal landfast sea ice environment observed with an innovative underwater sensor platform. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene. 2021. vol. 9, no. 1, 00103. DOI: 10.1525/elementa.2021.00103}}
@misc{vandam_global_trends_2021, 
author={Van Dam, B.,Polsenaere, P.,Barreras-Apodaca, A.,Lopes, C.,Sanchez-Mejia, Z.,Tokoro, T.,Kuwae, T.,Gutierrez Loza, L.,Rutgersson, A.,Fourqurean, J.,Thomas, H.},
title={Global Trends in Air‐Water CO2 Exchange Over Seagrass Meadows Revealed by Atmospheric Eddy Covariance},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006848},
abstract = {Coastal vegetated habitats like seagrass meadows can mitigate anthropogenic carbon emissions by sequestering CO2 as “blue carbon” (BC). Already, some coastal ecosystems are actively managed to enhance BC storage, with associated BC stocks included in national greenhouse gas inventories. However, the extent to which BC burial fluxes are enhanced or counteracted by other carbon fluxes, especially air‐water CO2 flux (FCO2) remains poorly understood. In this study, we synthesized all available direct FCO2 measurements over seagrass meadows made using atmospheric Eddy Covariance, across a globally‐representative range of ecotypes. Of the four sites with seasonal data coverage, two were net CO2 sources, with average FCO2 equivalent to 44 ‐ 115% of the global average BC burial rate. At the remaining sites, net CO2 uptake was 101 ‐ 888% of average BC burial. A wavelet coherence analysis demonstrated that FCO2 was most strongly related to physical factors like temperature, wind, and tides. In particular, tidal forcing was a key driver of global‐scale patterns in FCO2, likely due to a combination of lateral carbon exchange, bottom‐driven turbulence, and pore‐water pumping. Lastly, sea‐surface drag coefficients were always greater than prediction for the open ocean, supporting a universal enhancement of gas‐transfer in shallow coastal waters. Our study points to the need for a more comprehensive approach to BC assessments, considering not only organic carbon storage, but also air‐water CO2 exchange, and its complex biogeochemical and physical drivers.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006848} (DOI). Van Dam, B.; Polsenaere, P.; Barreras-Apodaca, A.; Lopes, C.; Sanchez-Mejia, Z.; Tokoro, T.; Kuwae, T.; Gutierrez Loza, L.; Rutgersson, A.; Fourqurean, J.; Thomas, H.: Global Trends in Air‐Water CO2 Exchange Over Seagrass Meadows Revealed by Atmospheric Eddy Covariance. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2021. vol. 35, no. 4, e2020GB006848. DOI: 10.1029/2020GB006848}}
@misc{jiao_correcting_a_2021, 
author={Jiao, N.,Liu, J.,Edwards, B.,Lv, Z.,Cai, R.,Liu, Y.,Xiao, X.,Wang, J.,Jiao, F.,Wang, R.,Huang, X.,Guo, B.,Sun, J.,Zhang, R.,Zhang, Y.,Tang, K.,Zheng, Q.,Azam, F.,Batt, J.,Cai, W.-J.,He, C.,Herndl, G.J.,Hill, P.,Hutchins, D.,LaRoche, J.,Lewis, M.,MacIntyre, H.,Polimene, L.,Robinson, C.,Shi, Q.,Suttle, C.A.,Thomas, H.,Wallace, D.,Legendre, L.},
title={Correcting a major error in assessing organic carbon pollution in natural waters},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc7318},
abstract = {Microbial degradation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in aquatic environments can cause oxygen depletion, water acidification, and CO2 emissions. These problems are caused by labile DOC (LDOC) and not refractory DOC (RDOC) that resists degradation and is thus a carbon sink. For nearly a century, chemical oxygen demand (COD) has been widely used for assessment of organic pollution in aquatic systems. Here, we show through a multicountry survey and experimental studies that COD is not an appropriate proxy of microbial degradability of organic matter because it oxidizes both LDOC and RDOC, and the latter contributes up to 90% of DOC in high-latitude forested areas. Hence, COD measurements do not provide appropriate scientific information on organic pollution in natural waters and can mislead environmental policies. We propose the replacement of the COD method with an optode-based biological oxygen demand method to accurately and efficiently assess organic pollution in natural aquatic environments.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc7318} (DOI). Jiao, N.; Liu, J.; Edwards, B.; Lv, Z.; Cai, R.; Liu, Y.; Xiao, X.; Wang, J.; Jiao, F.; Wang, R.; Huang, X.; Guo, B.; Sun, J.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, Y.; Tang, K.; Zheng, Q.; Azam, F.; Batt, J.; Cai, W.; He, C.; Herndl, G.; Hill, P.; Hutchins, D.; LaRoche, J.; Lewis, M.; MacIntyre, H.; Polimene, L.; Robinson, C.; Shi, Q.; Suttle, C.; Thomas, H.; Wallace, D.; Legendre, L.: Correcting a major error in assessing organic carbon pollution in natural waters. Science Advances. 2021. vol. 7, no. 16, eabc7318. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7318}}
@misc{omar_detection_and_2021, 
author={Omar, A.M.,García-Ibáñez, M.I.,Schaap, A.,Oleynik, A.,Esposito, M.,Jeansson, E.,Loucaides, S.,Thomas, H.,Alendal, G.},
title={Detection and quantification of CO2 seepage in seawater using the stoichiometric Cseep method: Results from a recent subsea CO2 release experiment in the North Sea},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103310},
abstract = {Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a potential significant mitigation strategy to combat climate change and ocean acidification. The technology is well understood but its current implementation must be scaled up nearly by a hundredfold to become an effective tool that helps meet mitigation targets. Regulations require monitoring and verification at storage sites, and reliable monitoring strategies for detection and quantification of seepage of the stored carbon need to be developed. The Cseep method was developed for reliable determination of CO2 seepage signal in seawater by estimating and filtering out natural variations in dissolved inorganic carbon (C). In this work, we analysed data from the first-ever subsea CO2 release experiment performed in the north-western North Sea by the EU STEMM−CCS project. We successfully demonstrated the ability of the Cseep method to (i) predict natural C variations around the Goldeneye site over seasonal to interannual time scales; (ii) establish a process-based baseline C concentration with minimal variability; (iii) determine CO2 seepage detection threshold (DT) to reliably differentiate released−CO2 signal from natural variability and quantify released−CO2 dissolved in the sampled seawater. DT values were around 20 % of the natural C variations indicating high sensitivity of the method. Moreover, with the availability of DT value, the identification of released−CO2 required no pre-knowledge of seepage occurrence, but we used additional available information to assess the confidence of the results. Overall, the Cseep method features high sensitivity, automation suitability, and represents a powerful future monitoring tool both for large and confined marine areas.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103310} (DOI). Omar, A.; García-Ibáñez, M.; Schaap, A.; Oleynik, A.; Esposito, M.; Jeansson, E.; Loucaides, S.; Thomas, H.; Alendal, G.: Detection and quantification of CO2 seepage in seawater using the stoichiometric Cseep method: Results from a recent subsea CO2 release experiment in the North Sea. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 2021. vol. 108, 103310. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103310}}
@misc{friedland_effects_of_2021, 
author={Friedland, R.,Macias, D.,Cossarini, G.,Daewel, U.,Estournel, C.,Garcia-Gorriz, E.,Grizzetti, B.,Grégoire, M.,Gustafson, B.,Kalaroni, S.,Kerimoglu, O.,Lazzari, P.,Lenhart, H.,Lessin, G.,Maljutenko, I.,Miladinova, S.,Müller-Karulis, B.,Neumann, T.,Parn, O.,Pätsch, J.,Piroddi, C.,Raudsepp, U.,Schrum, C.,Stegert, C.,Stips, A.,Tsiaras, K.,Ulses, C.,Vandenbulcke, L.},
title={Effects of Nutrient Management Scenarios on Marine Eutrophication Indicators: A Pan-European, Multi-Model Assessment in Support of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.596126},
abstract = {A novel pan-European marine model ensemble was established, covering nearly all seas under the regulation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), with the aim of providing a consistent assessment of the potential impacts of riverine nutrient reduction scenarios on marine eutrophication indicators. For each sea region, up to five coupled biogeochemical models from institutes all over Europe were brought together for the first time. All model systems followed a harmonised scenario approach and ran two simulations, which varied only in the riverine nutrient inputs. The load reductions were evaluated with the catchment model GREEN and represented the impacts due to improved management of agriculture and wastewater treatment in all European river systems. The model ensemble, comprising 15 members, was used to assess changes to the core eutrophication indicators as defined within MSFD Descriptor 5. In nearly all marine regions, riverine load reductions led to reduced nutrient concentrations in the marine environment. However, regionally the nutrient input reductions led to an increase in the non-limiting nutrient in the water, especially in the case of phosphate concentrations in the Black Sea. Further core eutrophication indicators, such as chlorophyll-a, bottom oxygen and the Trophic Index TRIX, improved nearly everywhere, but the changes were less pronounced than for the inorganic nutrients. The model ensemble displayed strong consistency and robustness, as most if not all models indicated improvements in the same areas. There were substantial differences between the individual seas in the speed of response to the reduced nutrient loads. In the North Sea ensemble, a stable plateau was reached after only three years, while the simulation period of eight years was too short to obtain steady model results in the Baltic Sea. The ensemble exercise confirmed the importance of improved management of agriculture and wastewater treatments in the river catchments to reduce marine eutrophication. Several shortcomings were identified, the outcome of different approaches to compute the mean change was estimated and potential improvements are discussed to enhance policy support. Applying a model ensemble enabled us to obtain highly robust and consistent model results, substantially decreasing uncertainties in the scenario outcome.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.596126} (DOI). Friedland, R.; Macias, D.; Cossarini, G.; Daewel, U.; Estournel, C.; Garcia-Gorriz, E.; Grizzetti, B.; Grégoire, M.; Gustafson, B.; Kalaroni, S.; Kerimoglu, O.; Lazzari, P.; Lenhart, H.; Lessin, G.; Maljutenko, I.; Miladinova, S.; Müller-Karulis, B.; Neumann, T.; Parn, O.; Pätsch, J.; Piroddi, C.; Raudsepp, U.; Schrum, C.; Stegert, C.; Stips, A.; Tsiaras, K.; Ulses, C.; Vandenbulcke, L.: Effects of Nutrient Management Scenarios on Marine Eutrophication Indicators: A Pan-European, Multi-Model Assessment in Support of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2021. vol. 8, 596126. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.596126}}
@misc{cheng_comparing_medium_2021, 
author={Cheng, L.,Ghobeira, R.,Cools, P.,Luthringer, B.,Asadian, M.,De Geyter, N.,Liu, Z.,Yan, K.,Morent, R.},
title={Comparing medium pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas and classic methods of surface cleaning/activation of pure Mg for biomedical applications},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.126934},
abstract = {Pure magnesium (Mg), being a lightweight biodegradable material, is increasingly attracting attention for its use in biomedical applications. However, surface contaminations arising from material machining can result in a deleterious degradation behavior thus a poor implant biocompatibility performance. Therefore, this paper represents a comparative study tackling the surface chemistry, cytocompatibility and degradation of Mg discs subjected to classical grinding and chemical treatments and to unconventional medium pressure (5 kPa) plasmas operated in Ar and NH3/He. Results reveal that both plasmas remove more than 40% of the carbonaceous contaminations while introducing surface oxygen (and nitrogen) containing functionalities. However, grinding only removes 34% of the initial surface carbon. Despite being the most efficient in eliminating the organic layer, the chemical treatment leads to an excessive surface oxidation. In vitro tests involving mesenchymal stem cells reveal that plasma-treated samples outperform their ground and chemically cleaned counterparts in terms of cell-surface affinity as more spread out cells with significantly bigger areas are detected, suggesting higher cell attachment. Moreover, plasma does not alter the degradation rate of Mg discs, thus providing a striking insight for their application in tissue engineering. Overall, one can conclude that the eco-friendly and economical sub-atmospheric plasma is an effective alternative synergistically cleaning and improving the cytocompatibility of Mg surfaces.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.126934} (DOI). Cheng, L.; Ghobeira, R.; Cools, P.; Luthringer, B.; Asadian, M.; De Geyter, N.; Liu, Z.; Yan, K.; Morent, R.: Comparing medium pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas and classic methods of surface cleaning/activation of pure Mg for biomedical applications. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2021. vol. 410, 126934. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.126934}}
@misc{neumann_macrofauna_as_2021, 
author={Neumann, A.,Beusekom, J.,Eisele, A.,Emeis, K.,Friedrich, J.,Kröncke, I.,Logemann, E.,Meyer, J.,Naderipour, C.,Schückel, U.,Wrede, A.,Zettler, M.},
title={Macrofauna as a major driver of bentho-pelagic exchange in the southern North Sea},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11748},
abstract = {The contribution of sediments to nutrient cycling of the coastal North Sea is strongly controlled by the intensity of fluxes across the sediment water interface. Pore‐water advection is one major exchange mechanism that is well described by models, as it is determined by physical parameters. In contrast, biotransport (i.e., bioirrigation, bioturbation) as the other major transport mechanism is much more complex. Observational data reflecting biotransport, from the German Bight for example, is scarce. We sampled the major sediment provinces of the German Bight repeatedly over the years from 2013 to 2019. By employing ex situ whole core incubations, we established the seasonal and spatial variability of macrofauna‐sustained benthic fluxes of oxygen and nutrients. A multivariate, partial least squares analysis identified faunal activity, in specifically bioturbation and bioirrigation, alongside temperature, as the most important drivers of oxygen and nutrient fluxes. Their combined effect explained 63% of the observed variability in oxygen fluxes, and 36–48% of variability in nutrient fluxes. Additional 10% of the observed variability of fluxes were explained by sediment type and the availability of plankton biomass. Based on our extrapolation by sediment provinces, we conclude that pore‐water advection and macrofaunal activity contributed equally to the total benthic oxygen uptake in the German Bight.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11748} (DOI). Neumann, A.; Beusekom, J.; Eisele, A.; Emeis, K.; Friedrich, J.; Kröncke, I.; Logemann, E.; Meyer, J.; Naderipour, C.; Schückel, U.; Wrede, A.; Zettler, M.: Macrofauna as a major driver of bentho-pelagic exchange in the southern North Sea. Limnology and Oceanography. 2021. vol. 66, no. 6, 2203-2217. DOI: 10.1002/lno.11748}}
@misc{harms_sediment_trapderived_2021, 
author={Harms, N.,Lahajnar, N.,Gaye, B.,Rixen, T.,Schwarz-Schampera, U.,Emeis, K.},
title={Sediment trap-derived particulate matter fluxes in the oligotrophic subtropical gyre of the South Indian Ocean},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2020.104924},
abstract = {Oligotrophic areas cover about 75% of the ocean's surface, and these ocean regions are predicted to expand under global warming scenarios. To evaluate impacts on global marine biogeochemical cycles and changes in ocean-atmosphere carbon fluxes, it is essential to understand particulate matter fluxes and determine the amount of organic carbon that is exported to the ocean's interior. The oligotrophic Indian Ocean subtropical gyre (IOSG) is one of the least explored ocean regions in terms of particulate matter fluxes. Sediment trap-based particulate matter fluxes determined during a 4-year time series provide new information on the nature of export fluxes, their controlling factors, and on the spatial and temporal variability of oceanic processes in the IOSG. Trap-averaged total mass fluxes (~9.8 ± 3.7 mg m−2 day−1), as well as particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes (0.50 ± 0.15 mg m−2 day−1) measured at 500–600 m above bottom (2600–3500 m water depth) are among the lowest fluxes recorded worldwide. These low flux values are a result of strongly stratified and nutrient-depleted upper waters in the gyre. Such oligotrophic conditions lead to low primary production rates in a relatively homogeneous and isolated ocean region. Consequently, we observe an almost constant rain of POC fluxes in space and time, although minor variations in the net primary production (NPP) and in the sea surface temperature (SST) are seen in satellite surveys and model estimations. Factors contributing to the lack of seasonality in the POC fluxes are intense organic matter degradation, variations in the ocean mixed layer depth (OMLD), and impacts of physical mixing (surface wind stress, cyclonic eddies). Preliminary estimates indicate that the average POC export efficiency (ε = 0.03 ± 0.01) is extremely low in the IOSG. Assuming that the IOSG, as well as comparable ocean regions, will expand under climate warming conditions, it is of major importance to investigate POC export fluxes to the deep ocean in order to predict changes in the global carbon cycle during the next decades.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2020.104924} (DOI). Harms, N.; Lahajnar, N.; Gaye, B.; Rixen, T.; Schwarz-Schampera, U.; Emeis, K.: Sediment trap-derived particulate matter fluxes in the oligotrophic subtropical gyre of the South Indian Ocean. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 2021. vol. 183, 104924. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2020.104924}}
@misc{oehler_tropical_beaches_2021, 
author={Oehler, T.,Ramasamy, M.,George, M.,Babu, S.,Dähnke, K.,Ankele, M.,Böttcher, M.,Santos, I.,Moosdorf, N.},
title={Tropical Beaches Attenuate Groundwater Nitrogen Pollution Flowing to the Ocean},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c00759},
abstract = {Tropical urbanized coastal regions are hotspots for the discharge of nutrient-enriched groundwater, which can affect sensitive coastal ecosystems. Here, we investigated how a beach modifies groundwater nutrient loads in southern India (Varkala Beach), using flux measurements and stable isotopes. Fresh groundwater was highly enriched in NO3 from sewage or manure. Submarine groundwater discharge and nearshore groundwater discharge were equally important contributors to coastal NO3 fluxes with 303 mmol NO3 m–1 day–1 in submarine and 334 mmol NO3 m–1 day–1 in nearshore groundwater discharge. However, N/P ratios in nearshore groundwater discharge were up to 3 orders of magnitude greater than that in submarine groundwater, which can promote harmful algae blooms. As groundwater flowed through the beach, N/P ratios decreased toward Redfield ratios due to the removal of 30–50% of NO3 due to denitrification and production of PO4 due to mineralization of organic matter. Overall, tropical beaches can be important natural biogeochemical reactors that attenuate nitrogen pollution and modify N/P ratios in submarine groundwater discharge.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c00759} (DOI). Oehler, T.; Ramasamy, M.; George, M.; Babu, S.; Dähnke, K.; Ankele, M.; Böttcher, M.; Santos, I.; Moosdorf, N.: Tropical Beaches Attenuate Groundwater Nitrogen Pollution Flowing to the Ocean. Environmental Science and Technology. 2021. vol. 55, no. 12, 8432-8438. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00759}}
@misc{pein_seasonal_stratification_2021, 
author={Pein, J.,Eisele, A.,Sanders, T.,Daewel, U.,Stanev, E.,Beusekom, J.,Staneva, J.,Schrum, C.},
title={Seasonal Stratification and Biogeochemical Turnover in the Freshwater Reach of a Partially Mixed Dredged Estuary},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.623714},
abstract = {The Elbe estuary is a substantially engineered tidal water body that receives high loads of organic matter from the eutrophied Elbe river. The organic matter entering the estuary at the tidal weir is dominated by diatom populations that collapse in the deepened freshwater reach. Although the estuary’s freshwater reach is considered to manifest vertically homogenous density distribution (i.e., to be well-mixed), several indicators like trapping of particulate organic matter, near-bottom oxygen depletion and ammonium accumulation suggest that the vertical exchange of organic particles and dissolved oxygen is weakened at least temporarily. To better understand the causal links between the hydrodynamics and the oxygen and nutrient cycling in the deepened freshwater reach of the Elbe estuary, we establish a three-dimensional coupled hydrodynamical-biogeochemical model. The model demonstrates good skill in simulating the variability of the physical and biogeochemical parameters in the focal area. Coupled simulations reveal that this region is a hotspot of the degradation of diatoms and organic matter transported from the shallow productive upper estuary and the tidal weir. In summer, the water column weakly stratifies when at the bathymetric jump warmer water from the shallow upper estuary spreads over the colder water of the deepened mid reaches. Enhanced thermal stratification also occurs also in the narrow port basins and channels. Model results show intensification of the particle trapping due to the thermal gradients. The stratification also reduces the oxygenation of the near-bottom region and sedimentary layer inducing oxygen depletion and accumulation of ammonium. The study highlights that the vertical resolution is important for the understanding and simulation of estuarine ecological processes, because even weak stratification impacts the cycling of nutrients via modulation of the vertical mixing of oxygen, particularly in deepened navigation channels and port areas.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.623714} (DOI). Pein, J.; Eisele, A.; Sanders, T.; Daewel, U.; Stanev, E.; Beusekom, J.; Staneva, J.; Schrum, C.: Seasonal Stratification and Biogeochemical Turnover in the Freshwater Reach of a Partially Mixed Dredged Estuary. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2021. vol. 8, 623714. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.623714}}
@misc{callies_on_using_2021, 
author={Callies, U.,Kreus, M.,Petersen, W.,Voynova, Y.},
title={On Using Lagrangian Drift Simulations to Aid Interpretation of in situ Monitoring Data},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.666653},
abstract = {One key challenge of marine monitoring programs is to reasonably combine information from different in situ observations spread in space and time. In that context, we suggest the use of Lagrangian transport simulations extending both forward and backward in time to identify the movements of water bodies from the time they were observed to the time of their synopsis. We present examples of how synoptic maps of salinity generated by this method support the identification and tracing of river plumes in coastal regions. We also demonstrate how we can use synoptic maps to delineate different water masses in coastal margins. These examples involve quasi-continuous observations of salinity taken along ferry routes. A third application is the synchronization of measurements between fixed stations and nearby moving platforms. Both observational platforms often see the same water body, but at different times. We demonstrate how the measurements from a fixed platform can be synchronized to measurements from a moving platform by taking into account simulation-based time shifts.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.666653} (DOI). Callies, U.; Kreus, M.; Petersen, W.; Voynova, Y.: On Using Lagrangian Drift Simulations to Aid Interpretation of in situ Monitoring Data. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2021. vol. 8, 666653. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.666653}}
@misc{burdanowitz_signals_of_2021, 
author={Burdanowitz, N.,Rixen, T.,Gaye, B.,Emeis, K.},
title={Signals of Holocene climate transition amplified by anthropogenic land-use changes in the westerly–Indian monsoon realm},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1735-2021},
abstract = {The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall is the lifeline for people living on the Indian subcontinent today and was possibly the driver of the rise and fall of early agricultural societies in the past. The intensity and position of the ISM have shifted in response to orbitally forced thermal land–ocean contrasts. At the northwestern monsoon margins, interactions between the subtropical westerly jet (STWJ) and the ISM constitute a tipping element in the Earth's climate system because their non-linear interaction may be a first-order influence on rainfall. We reconstructed marine sea surface temperature (SST), supply of terrestrial material and vegetation changes from a very well-dated sediment core from the northern Arabian Sea to reconstruct the STWJ–ISM interaction. The Holocene record (from 11 000 years) shows a distinct, but gradual, southward displacement of the ISM in the Early to Mid-Holocene, increasingly punctuated by phases of intensified STWJ events that are coeval with interruptions of North Atlantic overturning circulation (Bond events). The effects of the non-linear interactions culminate between 4.6 and 3 ka BP, marking a climatic transition period during which the ISM shifted southwards and the influence of STWJ became prominent. The lithogenic matter input shows an up to 4-fold increase after this time period, probably related to the strengthened influence of agricultural activities of the Indus civilization, with enhanced erosion of soils. This anthropogenic land-use change is amplifying the impact of Bond events and adding to the marine sedimentation rates adjacent to the continent.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1735-2021} (DOI). Burdanowitz, N.; Rixen, T.; Gaye, B.; Emeis, K.: Signals of Holocene climate transition amplified by anthropogenic land-use changes in the westerly–Indian monsoon realm. Climate of the Past. 2021. vol. 17, no. 4, 1735-1749. DOI: 10.5194/cp-17-1735-2021}}
@misc{bolle_no_evidence_2021, 
author={Bolle, L.,Hoek, R.,Pennock, I.,Poiesz, S.,van Beusekom, J.,van der Veer, H.,Witte, J.,Tulp, I.},
title={No evidence for reduced growth in resident fish species in the era of de-eutrophication in a coastal area in NW Europe},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105364},
abstract = {Coastal areas in north-western Europe have been influenced by elevated nutrient levels starting in the 1960s. Due to efficient measures, both nitrate and phosphate levels decreased since the mid-1980s. The co-occurring declines in nutrient loadings and fish productivity are often presumed to be causally linked. We investigated whether four resident fish species (twaite shad, bull-rout, thick-lipped grey mullet and eelpout), that spend the majority of their life in the vicinity of the coast, differed in growth between the historic eutrophication period compared to the recent lower nutrient-level period. Based on Von Bertalanffy growth models of length at age, and the analysis of annual otolith increments, we investigated the difference in sex-specific growth patterns and related these to temperature, eutrophication level (Chlorophyll a), growth window and fish density. In all four species, annual otolith growth rates during the early life stages differed between the two periods, mostly resulting in larger lengths at age in the recent period. All species showed significant correlations between increment size and temperature, explaining the observed period differences. The lack of an effect of total fish biomass provided no evidence for density dependent growth. A correlation with chlorophyll was found in bull-rout, but the relationship was negative, thus not supporting the idea of growth enhanced by high nutrient levels. In conclusion, we found no evidence for reduced growth related to de-eutrophication. Our results indicate that temperature rise due to climate change had a greater impact on growth than reduced food availability due to de-eutrophication. We discuss potential consequences of growth changes for length-based indicators used in management.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105364} (DOI). Bolle, L.; Hoek, R.; Pennock, I.; Poiesz, S.; van Beusekom, J.; van der Veer, H.; Witte, J.; Tulp, I.: No evidence for reduced growth in resident fish species in the era of de-eutrophication in a coastal area in NW Europe. Marine Environmental Research. 2021. vol. 169, 105364. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105364}}
@misc{adyasari_terrestrial_nutrients_2021, 
author={Adyasari, D.,Waska, H.,Daehnke, K.,Oehler, T.,Pracoyo, A.,Putra, D.,Moosdorf, N.},
title={Terrestrial Nutrients and Dissolved Organic Matter Input to the Coral Reef Ecosystem via Submarine Springs},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.1c00134},
abstract = {Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) transports terrestrial nutrients and dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the ocean. An elevated concentration of nutrients and DOM can act as stressors enhancing coral disease and mortality, but only a few studies address the impacts of groundwater-borne nutrients and DOM on coral reef ecosystems. This study quantifies and characterizes nutrients, nitrate (NO3–) stable isotopes, and DOM molecular composition of coastal groundwater discharging to the reef ecosystem via submarine springs in Lombok, Indonesia. NO3– isotopic values point to both natural (soil) and anthropogenic (wastewater and fertilizer) origins of nutrients in the coastal aquifer. Submarine springs are fed by different groundwater sources and deliver land-based NO3–, dissolved silica, phosphate, and labile DOM to the reef water column. Terrestrial nutrients and DOM undergo rapid turnover in the reef water column due to biogeochemical processes and biological uptake. Meanwhile, reef and offshore water likely act as sources of more stable, reworked DOM formulas and its mineralization product, ammonium. We observed that submarine springs consistently deliver similar nutrient loadings, creating a long-term environmental threat to coral reef sustainability. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding coastal biogeochemistry and hydrological processes in sensitive tropical ecosystems, particularly those adjacent to modified land-use watersheds.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.1c00134} (DOI). Adyasari, D.; Waska, H.; Daehnke, K.; Oehler, T.; Pracoyo, A.; Putra, D.; Moosdorf, N.: Terrestrial Nutrients and Dissolved Organic Matter Input to the Coral Reef Ecosystem via Submarine Springs. ACS ES & T Water. 2021. vol. 1, no. 8, 1887-1900. DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.1c00134}}
@misc{zhou_defeating_antibioticresistant_2021, 
author={Zhou, S.,Di Luca, M.,Xu, X.,Ma, N.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Defeating antibiotic-resistant bacteria with protein-resistant polyGGE film},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-211250},
abstract = {Biofouling on medical device surfaces, which is initiated by protein adsorption and adhesion of microbes especially the antibiotic-resistant bacteria, attracts global attention for centuries due to its enduring challenges in healthcare. Here, the antifouling effect of hydrophilic poly(glycerol glycidyl ether) (polyGGE) film is explored in comparison to hemocompatible and protein-resistant control polymers. The chemical and thermomechanical stability of polyGGE in hydrated conditions at body temperature was achieved via adjusting UV curing and KOH quenching time. The polyGGE surface is inert to the plasma protein adsorption and interfered the metabolism conditions, biofilm formation and growth of both Gram negative (Gram–) and antibiotic-resistant Gram positive (Gram+) bacteria. These results indicate the potential application of polyGGE for combating the risk of hospital-acquired infections and preventing drug-resistant superbug spreading.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-211250} (DOI). Zhou, S.; Di Luca, M.; Xu, X.; Ma, N.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Defeating antibiotic-resistant bacteria with protein-resistant polyGGE film. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2021. vol. 79, no. 4, 609-623. DOI: 10.3233/CH-211250}}
@misc{zhou_influence_of_2021, 
author={Zhou, S.,Xu, X.,Ma, N.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Influence of sterilization conditions on sulfate-functionalized polyGGE},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-211241},
abstract = {Sulfated biomolecules are known to influence numerous biological processes in all living organisms. Particularly, they contribute to prevent and inhibit the hypercoagulation condition. The failure of polymeric implants and blood contacting devices is often related to hypercoagulation and microbial contamination. Here, bioactive sulfated biomacromolecules are mimicked by sulfation of poly(glycerol glycidyl ether) (polyGGE) films. Autoclaving, gamma-ray irradiation and ethylene oxide (EtO) gas sterilization techniques were applied to functionalized materials. The sulfate group density and hydrophilicity of sulfated polymers were decreased while chain mobility and thermal degradation were enhanced post autoclaving when compared to those after EtO sterilization. These results suggest that a quality control after sterilization is mandatory to ensure the amount and functionality of functionalized groups are retained.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-211241} (DOI). Zhou, S.; Xu, X.; Ma, N.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Influence of sterilization conditions on sulfate-functionalized polyGGE. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2021. vol. 79, no. 4, 597-608. DOI: 10.3233/CH-211241}}
@misc{vandam_overstated_potential_2021, 
author={Van Dam, B.,Lopes, C.,Zeller, M.,Ribas-Ribas, M.,Wang, H.,Thomas, H.},
title={Overstated Potential for Seagrass Meadows to Mitigate Coastal Ocean Acidification},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.729992},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.729992} (DOI). Van Dam, B.; Lopes, C.; Zeller, M.; Ribas-Ribas, M.; Wang, H.; Thomas, H.: Overstated Potential for Seagrass Meadows to Mitigate Coastal Ocean Acidification. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2021. vol. 8, 729992. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.729992}}
@misc{arlinghaus_impact_of_2021, 
author={Arlinghaus, P.,Zhang, W.,Wrede, A.,Schrum, C.,Neumann, A.},
title={Impact of benthos on morphodynamics from a modeling perspective},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103803},
abstract = {Benthic organisms and their bioturbation activities have a profound effect on a multitude of sediment properties. While many studies have already explored benthic impacts at small temporal and spatial scales, little is known on how the small-scale effects accumulate and interactively guide large-scale (km-scale) morphological evolution. Here we firstly summarize the most important processes of benthos affecting sediment stability and then explore existing biomorphodynamic modeling studies both at small- and large-scales. In general, microbenthos (body size <0.1 mm) mainly stabilizes sediments while meio- (0.1–1 mm) and macrobenthos (>1 mm) may stabilize or destabilize sediments. Among all types of sediment, fine-grained fraction (silt and clay) is most sensitive to the impact of benthos. Benthic organisms have the capability to mediate sediment transport and sedimentation patterns beyond their habitats on the long-term and over a large-scale. However, so far, numerical models evaluating benthic impact are limited to explorative studies and have not reached a stage where they can be used for predictive modeling. The barriers hindering a further development of biomorphodynamic models include not only limited understanding of fundamental biological/bio-physical processes affecting morphological development and dynamic feedback loops among them but also a shortage of data for model calibration and confirmation of simulation results. On the other hand, thriving for higher model complexity does not necessarily lead to better performance. Before conducting biomorphodynamic modeling, researchers must figure out which questions can be answered in a meaningful sense with simulation results that can be compared with observations and which level of modeling complexity is sufficient for that purpose.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103803} (DOI). Arlinghaus, P.; Zhang, W.; Wrede, A.; Schrum, C.; Neumann, A.: Impact of benthos on morphodynamics from a modeling perspective. Earth-Science Reviews. 2021. vol. 221, 103803. DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103803}}
@misc{zhang_quantifying_importance_2021, 
author={Zhang, W.,Neumann, A.,Daewel, U.,Wirtz, K.,van Beusekom, J.,Eisele, A.,Ma, M.,Schrum, C.},
title={Quantifying Importance of Macrobenthos for Benthic-Pelagic Coupling in a Temperate Coastal Shelf Sea},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016995},
abstract = {Benthic oxygen fluxes consist mostly of advective and diffusive terms. Both terms in the German Bight exhibit a prominent annual cycle but with opposite variation patterns. To understand the driving mechanisms quantitatively, a novel 3-D benthic-pelagic coupled model resolving interactions among macrobenthos, bioturbation, oxygen consumption, and carbon early diagenesis was applied to reconstruct the benthic states. Simulation results show a satisfactory agreement with field data and reveal that the benthic oxygen flux is determined by not only pelagic drivers but also by internal dynamics associated with the interaction between organic carbon and macrobenthos, and bedform morphodynamics. Variation of advective flux, characterized by summer-low and winter-high, is mainly driven by hydrodynamics and bedform morphodynamics, while variation of diffusive flux, featured by summer-high and winter-low, is a compound effect of pelagic and benthic drivers with a dominant control by macrobenthos through bioturbation. The role of bioturbation in benthic oxygen consumption is twofold: (a) on the one hand, it alters the particulate organic carbon (POC) distribution in surface sediments, thereby changing the availability of POC to oxygen consumption; (b) on the other hand, it mixes oxygen down into sediments, thereby facilitating oxygen consumption. Our results indicate that the first role prevails in sandy seafloor characterized by energetic hydrodynamics, while the second role becomes increasingly important along with a weakening of bottom currents. We found that bioturbation contributes up to 87% urn:x-wiley:21699275:media:jgrc24733:jgrc24733-math-0001 4% and 55% urn:x-wiley:21699275:media:jgrc24733:jgrc24733-math-0002 8% of the total benthic oxygen fluxes in muddy seabed and at a regional scale (the German Bight), respectively.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016995} (DOI). Zhang, W.; Neumann, A.; Daewel, U.; Wirtz, K.; van Beusekom, J.; Eisele, A.; Ma, M.; Schrum, C.: Quantifying Importance of Macrobenthos for Benthic-Pelagic Coupling in a Temperate Coastal Shelf Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research : Oceans. 2021. vol. 126, no. 10, e2020JC016995. DOI: 10.1029/2020JC016995}}
@misc{rixen_oxygen_and_2021, 
author={Rixen, T.,Lahajnar, N.,Lamont, T.,Koppelmann, R.,Martin, B.,van Beusekom, J.,Siddiqui, C.,Pillay, K.,Meiritz, L.},
title={Oxygen and Nutrient Trapping in the Southern Benguela Upwelling System},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.730591},
abstract = {The Benguela Upwelling System in the southeast Atlantic Ocean is of crucial socio-economic importance due to its high productivity. However, predicting its response to global change and understanding past changes are still great challenges. Here, we compile data obtained from a research cruise and an oceanographic mooring to demonstrate that a topographically steered nutrient trapping zone develops in a narrow belt along the coast during the main upwelling season in austral spring and summer in the southern Benguela Upwelling System. High nutrient concentrations within this zone increase the impact of upwelling on the productivity of the southern Benguela Upwelling System, but the efficient nutrient trapping operates at the expense of decreasing oxygen concentrations. This enhances the probability of anoxic events emerging toward the end of the upwelling season. However, at the end of the upwelling season, the front that separates the coastally trapped waters from open shelf waters weakens or even collapses due to upwelling cessation and the reversing current regime. This, in addition to a stronger vertical mixing caused by winter cooling, fosters the ventilation of the nutrient trapping zone, which reestablishes during the following upwelling season. The postulated intensification of upwelling and changes in the ecosystem structure in response to global warming seem to reduce the nutrient trapping efficiency by increasing offshore advection of surface waters and plankton blooms. The intensified upwelling and resulting lower biological oxygen consumption appears to mask the expected impacts of global warming on the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the southern Benguela Upwelling System. In contrast to other OMZs, including those in northern Benguela Upwelling Systems, the OMZ in the southern Benguela Upwelling System reveals so far no detectable long-term decrease in oxygen. Thus, the nutrient trapping efficiency seems to be a critical feature mitigating global change impacts on the southern Benguela Upwelling System. Since it is topographically steered, regional impacts on the nutrient trapping efficiency appear also to explain varying responses of upwelling systems to global change as the comparison between southern and northern Benguela Upwelling System shows. This emphasizes the need for further and more comparable studies in order to better understand the response of Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems and their ecosystem services to global change.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.730591} (DOI). Rixen, T.; Lahajnar, N.; Lamont, T.; Koppelmann, R.; Martin, B.; van Beusekom, J.; Siddiqui, C.; Pillay, K.; Meiritz, L.: Oxygen and Nutrient Trapping in the Southern Benguela Upwelling System. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2021. vol. 8, 730591. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.730591}}
@misc{vallaeys_understanding_the_2021, 
author={Vallaeys, V.,Lambrechts, J.,Delandmeter, P.,Pätsch, J.,Spitzy, A.,Hanert, E.,Deleersnijder, E.},
title={Understanding the circulation in the deep, micro-tidal and strongly stratified Congo River estuary},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2021.101890},
abstract = {The Congo River estuary is characterised by a deep canyon that connects the river to the deep ocean by cutting through the continental shelf. Its estuary is influenced by high river discharge and micro-tidal conditions, with a large depth and limited vertical mixing. This restricts the supply of oxygen from the surface waters to the more saline bottom waters, leading to hypoxic and anoxic zones. We study the dynamics of the Congo River estuary by applying the multi-scale baroclinic coastal ocean model SLIM 3D (www.slim-ocean.be) to this topographically challenging environment. By allowing a high degree of flexibility in the representation of both the complex geometry and the strong stratification, SLIM 3D is able to simulate riverine, tidal and gravitational processes that drive the estuarine circulation. Model results compare favourably with in-situ data in the estuary, suggesting that the exchange flow is correctly simulated. The latter is characterised by a two-layer dynamics. The combination of the large river discharge, the strong stratification and the large depth results in a moderate freshwater Froude number and a very small mixing number. It makes the Congo River an outlier in state-of-the-art estuarine classifications, closer to fjords than salt wedge estuaries. Furthermore, using the age as a diagnosis sheds light on the spatial variability of the estuarine waters ventilation. Local maximum of renewing water age located just below the pycnocline is exceeded by old dense oceanic waters which stagnate at the bottom of the canyon for more than two months due to the small vertical mixing. It helps explain the hypoxic and anoxic conditions observed at the bottom of the submarine canyon.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2021.101890} (DOI). Vallaeys, V.; Lambrechts, J.; Delandmeter, P.; Pätsch, J.; Spitzy, A.; Hanert, E.; Deleersnijder, E.: Understanding the circulation in the deep, micro-tidal and strongly stratified Congo River estuary. Ocean Modelling. 2021. vol. 167, 101890. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2021.101890}}
@misc{rutherford_a_modelling_2021, 
author={Rutherford, K.,Fennel, K.,Atamanchuk, D.,Wallace, D.,Thomas, H.},
title={A modelling study of temporal and spatial pCO2 variability on the biologically active and temperature-dominated Scotian Shelf},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6271-2021},
abstract = {Continental shelves are thought to be affected disproportionately by climate change and are a large contributor to global air–sea carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes. It is often reported that low-latitude shelves tend to act as net sources of CO2, whereas mid- and high-latitude shelves act as net sinks. Here, we combine a high-resolution regional model with surface water time series and repeat transect observations from the Scotian Shelf, a mid-latitude region in the northwest North Atlantic, to determine what processes are driving the temporal and spatial variability of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) on a seasonal scale. In contrast to the global trend, the Scotian Shelf acts as a net source. Surface pCO2 undergoes a strong seasonal cycle with an amplitude of ∼ 200–250 µatm. These changes are associated with both a strong biological drawdown of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in spring (corresponding to a decrease in pCO2 of 100–200 µatm) and pronounced effects of temperature, which ranges from 0 ∘C in the winter to near 20 ∘C in the summer, resulting in an increase in pCO2 of ∼ 200–250 µatm. Throughout the summer, events with low surface water pCO2 occur associated with coastal upwelling. This effect of upwelling on pCO2 is also in contrast to the general assumption that upwelling increases surface pCO2 by delivering DIC-enriched water to the surface. Aside from these localized events, pCO2 is relatively uniform across the shelf. Our model agrees with regional observations, reproduces seasonal patterns of pCO2, and simulates annual outgassing of CO2 from the ocean of  mol C m−2 yr−1 for the Scotian Shelf, net uptake of CO2 by the ocean of  mol C m−2 yr−1 for the Gulf of Maine, and uptake by the ocean of  mol C m−2 yr−1 for the Grand Banks.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6271-2021} (DOI). Rutherford, K.; Fennel, K.; Atamanchuk, D.; Wallace, D.; Thomas, H.: A modelling study of temporal and spatial pCO2 variability on the biologically active and temperature-dominated Scotian Shelf. Biogeosciences. 2021. vol. 18, no. 23, 6271-6286. DOI: 10.5194/bg-18-6271-2021}}
@misc{vandam_calcificationdriven_co2_2021, 
author={Van Dam, B.,Zeller, M.,Lopes, C.,Smyth, A.,Böttcher, M.,Osburn, C.,Zimmerman, T.,Pröfrock, D.,Fourqurean, J.,Thomas, H.},
title={Calcification-driven CO2 emissions exceed “Blue Carbon” sequestration in a carbonate seagrass meadow},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj1372},
abstract = {Long-term “Blue Carbon” burial in seagrass meadows is complicated by other carbon and alkalinity exchanges that shape net carbon sequestration. We measured a suite of such processes, including denitrification, sulfur, and inorganic carbon cycling, and assessed their impact on air-water CO2 exchange in a typical seagrass meadow underlain by carbonate sediments. Eddy covariance measurements reveal a consistent source of CO2 to the atmosphere at an average rate of 610 ± 990 μmol m−2 hour−1 during our study and 700 ± 660 μmol m−2 hour−1 (6.1 mol m−2 year−1) over an annual cycle. Net alkalinity consumption by ecosystem calcification explains >95% of the observed CO2 emissions, far exceeding organic carbon burial and anaerobic alkalinity generation. We argue that the net carbon sequestration potential of seagrass meadows may be overestimated if calcification-induced CO2 emissions are not accounted for, especially in regions where calcification rates exceed net primary production and burial.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj1372} (DOI). Van Dam, B.; Zeller, M.; Lopes, C.; Smyth, A.; Böttcher, M.; Osburn, C.; Zimmerman, T.; Pröfrock, D.; Fourqurean, J.; Thomas, H.: Calcification-driven CO2 emissions exceed “Blue Carbon” sequestration in a carbonate seagrass meadow. Science Advances. 2021. vol. 7, no. 51, eabj1372. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1372}}
@misc{betzler_current_and_2021, 
author={Betzler, C.,Lindhorst, S.,Lüdmann, T.,Reijmer, J.J.,Braga, J.-C.,Bialik, O.M.,Reolid, J.,Eisermann, J.O.,Emeis, K.,Rixen, T.,Bissessur, D.},
title={Current and sea level control the demise of shallow carbonate production on a tropical bank (Saya de Malha Bank, Indian Ocean)},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1130/G49090.1},
abstract = {Carbonate platforms are built mainly by corals living in shallow light-saturated tropical waters. The Saya de Malha Bank (Indian Ocean), one of the world's largest carbonate platforms, lies in the path of the South Equatorial Current. Its reefs do not reach sea level, and all carbonate production is mesophotic to oligophotic. New geological and oceanographic data unravel the evolution and environment of the bank, elucidating the factors determining this exceptional state. There are no nutrient-related limitations for coral growth. A switch from a rimmed atoll to a current-exposed system with only mesophotic coral growth is proposed to have followed the South Equatorial Current development during the late Neogene. Combined current activity and sea-level fluctuations are likely controlling factors of modern platform configuration.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1130/G49090.1} (DOI). Betzler, C.; Lindhorst, S.; Lüdmann, T.; Reijmer, J.; Braga, J.; Bialik, O.; Reolid, J.; Eisermann, J.; Emeis, K.; Rixen, T.; Bissessur, D.: Current and sea level control the demise of shallow carbonate production on a tropical bank (Saya de Malha Bank, Indian Ocean). Geology. 2021. vol. 49, no. 12, 1431-1435. DOI: 10.1130/G49090.1}}
@misc{krgergenge_immunocompatibility_and_2021, 
author={Krüger-Genge, A.,Tondera, C.,Hauser, S.,Braune, S.,Görs, J.,Roch, T.,Klopfleisch, R.,Neffe, A.,Lendlein, A.,Pietzsch, J.,Jung, F.},
title={Immunocompatibility and non-thrombogenicity of gelatin-based hydrogels},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-201028},
abstract = {Immunocompatibility and non-thrombogenicity are important requirements for biomedical applications such as vascular grafts. Here, gelatin-based hydrogels formed by reaction of porcine gelatin with increasing amounts of lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester were investigated in vitro in this regard. In addition, potential adverse effects of the hydrogels were determined using the “Hen’s egg test on chorioallantoic membrane” (HET-CAM) test and a mouse model. The study revealed that the hydrogels were immunocompatible, since complement activation was absent and a substantial induction of reactive oxygen species generating monocytes and neutrophils could not be observed in whole human blood. The density as well as the activation state of adherent thrombocytes was comparable to medical grade polydimethylsiloxane, which was used as reference material. The HET-CAM test confirmed the compatibility of the hydrogels with vessel functionality since no bleedings, thrombotic events, or vessel destructions were observed. Only for the samples synthesized with the highest LDI amount the number of growing blood vessels in the CAM was comparable to controls and significantly higher than for the softer materials. Implantation into mice showed the absence of adverse or toxic effects in spleen, liver, or kidney, and only a mild lymphocytic activation in the form of a follicular hyperplasia in draining lymph nodes (slightly increased after the implantation of the material prepared with the lowest LDI content). These results imply that candidate materials prepared with mid to high amounts of LDI are suitable for the coating of the blood contacting surface of cardiovascular implants.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-201028} (DOI). Krüger-Genge, A.; Tondera, C.; Hauser, S.; Braune, S.; Görs, J.; Roch, T.; Klopfleisch, R.; Neffe, A.; Lendlein, A.; Pietzsch, J.; Jung, F.: Immunocompatibility and non-thrombogenicity of gelatin-based hydrogels. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2021. vol. 77, no. 3, 335-350. DOI: 10.3233/CH-201028}}
@misc{krgergenge_response_of_2021, 
author={Krüger-Genge, A.,Hauser, S.,Neffe, A.,Liu, Y.,Lendlein, A.,Pietzsch, J.,Jung, F.},
title={Response of Endothelial Cells to Gelatin-Based Hydrogels},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01432},
abstract = {The establishment of confluent endothelial cell (EC) monolayers on implanted materials has been identified as a concept to avoid thrombus formation but is a continuous challenge in cardiovascular device engineering. Here, material properties of gelatin-based hydrogels obtained by reacting gelatin with varying amounts of lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester were correlated with the functional state of hydrogel contacting venous EC (HUVEC) and HUVEC’s ability to form a monolayer on these hydrogels. The density of adherent HUVEC on the softest hydrogel at 37 °C (G’ = 1.02 kPa, E = 1.1 ± 0.3 kPa) was significantly lower (125 mm–1) than on the stiffer hydrogels (920 mm–1; G’ = 2.515 and 5.02 kPa, E = 4.8 ± 0.8 and 10.3 ± 1.2 kPa). This was accompanied by increased matrix metalloprotease activity (9 pmol·min–2 compared to 0.6 pmol·min–2) and stress fiber formation, while cell-to-cell contacts were comparable. Likewise, release of eicosanoids (e.g., prostacyclin release of 1.7 vs 0.2 pg·mL–1·cell–1) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine MCP-1 (8 vs <1.5 pg·mL–1·cell–1) was higher on the softer than on the stiffer hydrogels. The expressions of pro-inflammatory markers COX-2, COX-1, and RAGE were slightly increased on all hydrogels on day 2 (up to 200% of the control), indicating a weak inflammation; however, the levels dropped to below the control from day 6. The study revealed that hydrogels with higher moduli approached the status of a functionally confluent HUVEC monolayer. The results indicate the promising potential especially of the discussed gelatin-based hydrogels with higher G’ as biomaterials for implants foreseen for the venous system.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01432} (DOI). Krüger-Genge, A.; Hauser, S.; Neffe, A.; Liu, Y.; Lendlein, A.; Pietzsch, J.; Jung, F.: Response of Endothelial Cells to Gelatin-Based Hydrogels. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering. 2021. vol. 7, no. 2, 527-540. DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01432}}
@misc{vandewolfshaar_sensitivity_of_2021, 
author={van de Wolfshaar, K.,Daewel, U.,Hjøllo, S.,Troost, T.,Kreus, M.,Pätsch, J.,Ji, R.,Maar, M.},
title={Sensitivity of the fish community to different prey fields and importance of spatial-seasonal patterns},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13885},
abstract = {Different fish species and life stages depend not only on food abundance, but also on the size of planktonic prey, and (mis-)matches in time and space with suitable prey may influence the growth and survival of fish during their lifetime. We explored the sensitivity of a fish community to spatial-temporal differences in plankton prey fields. Data from 5 different lower trophic level models in the North Sea (Delft3D-WAQ, ECOHAM, ECOSMO, HBM-ERGOM and NORWECOM) were used to force the food web model OSMOSE which simulates spatially and temporally explicit higher trophic level fish dynamics. The estimated fish biomass levels were clearly and positively linked to zooplankton biomass, and sensitivity studies varying zooplankton biomass revealed that spatial and temporal variation in zooplankton drives the differences in absolute fish biomass. More zooplankton size bins resulted in less fish biomass due to size-based foraging constraints (i.e. a smaller proportion of bins falls within the prey size range of a fish, resulting in a decrease in available food). Nevertheless, we found a consistent response across models in the relative biomass contribution and spatial patterns of selected fish groups, indicating low sensitivity of the composition of the simulated fish community to the zooplankton input. The robustness of the outcome will aid model acceptance and implementation into management action. Relative, not absolute, changes in primary and secondary production may therefore be used to study the effects of management scenarios on fish communities.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13885} (DOI). van de Wolfshaar, K.; Daewel, U.; Hjøllo, S.; Troost, T.; Kreus, M.; Pätsch, J.; Ji, R.; Maar, M.: Sensitivity of the fish community to different prey fields and importance of spatial-seasonal patterns. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2021. vol. 680, 79-95. DOI: 10.3354/meps13885}}
@misc{hamer_the_urban_2020, 
author={Hamer, P.D.,Walker, S.-E.,Sousa-Santos, G.,Vogt, M.,Vo-Thanh, D.,Lopez-Aparicio, S.,Schneider, P.,Ramacher, M.,Karl, M.},
title={The urban dispersion model EPISODE v10.0 – Part 1: An Eulerian and sub-grid-scale air quality model and its application in Nordic winter conditions},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4323-2020},
abstract = {This paper describes the Eulerian urban dispersion model EPISODE. EPISODE was developed to address a need for an urban air quality model in support of policy, planning, and air quality management in the Nordic, specifically Norwegian, setting. It can be used for the calculation of a variety of airborne pollutant concentrations, but we focus here on the implementation and application of the model for NO2 pollution. EPISODE consists of an Eulerian 3D grid model with embedded sub-grid dispersion models (e.g. a Gaussian plume model) for dispersion of pollution from line (i.e. roads) and point sources (e.g. chimney stacks). It considers the atmospheric processes advection, diffusion, and an NO2 photochemistry represented using the photostationary steady-state approximation for NO2. EPISODE calculates hourly air concentrations representative of the grids and at receptor points. The latter allow EPISODE to estimate concentrations representative of the levels experienced by the population and to estimate their exposure. This methodological framework makes it suitable for simulating NO2 concentrations at fine-scale resolution (<100 m) in Nordic environments. The model can be run in an offline nested mode using output concentrations from a global or regional chemical transport model and forced by meteorology from an external numerical weather prediction model; it also can be driven by meteorological observations. We give a full description of the overall model function and its individual components. We then present a case study for six Norwegian cities whereby we simulate NO2 pollution for the entire year of 2015. The model is evaluated against in situ observations for the entire year and for specific episodes of enhanced pollution during winter. We evaluate the model performance using the FAIRMODE DELTA Tool that utilises traditional statistical metrics, e.g. root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson correlation R, and bias, along with some specialised tests for air quality model evaluation. We find that EPISODE attains the DELTA Tool model quality objective in all of the stations we evaluate against. Further, the other statistical evaluations show adequate model performance but that the model scores greatly improved correlations during winter and autumn compared to the summer. We attribute this to the use of the photostationary steady-state scheme for NO2, which should perform best in the absence of local ozone photochemical production. Oslo does not comply with the NO2 annual limit set in the 2008/50/EC directive (AQD). NO2 pollution episodes with the highest NO2 concentrations, which lead to the occurrence of exceedances of the AQD hourly limit for NO2, occur primarily in the winter and autumn in Oslo, so this strongly supports the use of EPISODE for application to these wintertime events. Overall, we conclude that the model is suitable for an assessment of annual mean NO2 concentrations and also for the study of hourly NO2 concentrations in the Nordic winter and autumn environment. Further, in this work we conclude that it is suitable for a range of policy applications specific to NO2 that include pollution episode analysis, evaluation of seasonal statistics, policy and planning support, and air quality management. Lastly, we identify a series of model developments specifically designed to address the limitations of the current model assumptions. Part 2 of this two-part paper discusses the CityChem extension to EPISODE, which includes a number of implementations such as a more comprehensive photochemical scheme suitable for describing more chemical species and a more diverse range of photochemical environments, as well as a more advanced treatment of the sub-grid dispersion.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4323-2020} (DOI). Hamer, P.; Walker, S.; Sousa-Santos, G.; Vogt, M.; Vo-Thanh, D.; Lopez-Aparicio, S.; Schneider, P.; Ramacher, M.; Karl, M.: The urban dispersion model EPISODE v10.0 – Part 1: An Eulerian and sub-grid-scale air quality model and its application in Nordic winter conditions. Geoscientific Model Development. 2020. vol. 13, no. 9, 4323-4353. DOI: 10.5194/gmd-13-4323-2020}}
@misc{liu_a_probabilistic_2020, 
author={Liu, Z.,Callies, U.},
title={A probabilistic model of decision making regarding the use of chemical dispersants to combat oil spills in the German Bight},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115196},
abstract = {Oil spills are one of the major threats to the marine environment in the German Bight (North Sea). In case of an accident, application of chemical dispersants would be one response option among others. Dispersion breaks oil slicks into small droplets which get then mixed into the water column. Removal of the oil from the water surface may reduce contamination of the coast. However, the window of opportunity for effective dispersant application is short and there are concerns about potential effects to the marine life. We propose a Bayesian network (BN) as an interactive and intuitive tool for responders to justify decisions on using chemical dispersants and possibly the provision of appropriate assets. The BN combines detailed sub-BNs for different criteria that govern the decision process. Expected drift trajectories are estimated based on comprehensive numerical ensemble simulations of hypothetical oil spills. Ecological impacts are represented prototypically, focusing on vulnerability of seabird concentrations to pollution in coastal areas. Dispersant effectiveness is estimated considering oil properties and weather conditions. Decision making is supposed to be based on expected satisfaction. The definition of what is considered satisfactory is of central importance for the whole analysis.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115196} (DOI). Liu, Z.; Callies, U.: A probabilistic model of decision making regarding the use of chemical dispersants to combat oil spills in the German Bight. Water Research. 2020. vol. 169, 115196. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115196}}
@misc{silvacampos_effect_of_2020, 
author={Silva Campos, M.R.,Blawert, C.,Mendis, C.L.,Mohedano, M.,Zimmermann, T.,Proefrock, D.,Zheludkevich, M.L.,Kainer, K.U.},
title={Effect of Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behavior of Mg-10Gd Alloy in 0.5% NaCl Solution},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00084},
abstract = {In 0.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution, Mg-10Gd alloy shows promising corrosion resistance. The microstructure of this alloy was modified via heat treatments to understand the effect of accompanying microstructural changes on the corrosion resistance. It was found that corrosion performance depends both on the amount and the distribution of the cathodic intermetallic phases. The T4 heat treatment (24 h at 540°C) caused the Gd to distribute uniformly in the matrix, which had positive effect on corrosion resistance showing a delay in the time required for the first observation of localized corrosion. The T4 heat treated specimens, specimens aged at 200°C and 300°C, showed relatively uniform degradation and thus these heat treatments are not detrimental in terms of corrosion resistance. In contrast, heat treatment at 400°C seems to increase the formation of small cuboidal particles rich in Gd, most likely to be GdH2 particles, in the matrix, resulting in a detrimental effect on the corrosion behavior.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00084} (DOI). Silva Campos, M.; Blawert, C.; Mendis, C.; Mohedano, M.; Zimmermann, T.; Proefrock, D.; Zheludkevich, M.; Kainer, K.: Effect of Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behavior of Mg-10Gd Alloy in 0.5% NaCl Solution. Frontiers in Materials. 2020. vol. 7, 84. DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2020.00084}}
@misc{lau_agerelated_morphology_2020, 
author={Lau, S.,Rangarajan, R.,Krüger-Genge, A.,Braune, S.,Küpper, J.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Age-related morphology and function of human arterial endothelial cells},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-199238},
abstract = {Endothelialization of cardiovascular implants is regarded as a promising strategy for long-term compatibility. While umbilical vein endothelial cells are typically applied in research, human arterial endothelial cells (HAEC) from elderly donors would be the obvious source for autologous cellularization strategies.,In our approach, HAEC from 16 donors of varying age (16–63 years) were divided into two groups (<30 years and >30 years) and analyzed regarding morphology, viability, proliferation, function and senescence status.,No age-related differences were found regarding morphology, viability, density, prostacyclin and nitrite secretion or collagen and laminin production. However, the metabolic activity was slightly decreased (p = 0.0374) and the membrane integrity marginally impaired (p = 0.0404) in cells from older donors. Two out of three senescence assays detected more senescence markers in cells from older donors.,According to the assays applied here, HAEC from young and elderly donors up to the age of 63 years could be judged equally suitable for autologous cellularization strategies. However, this finding should be regarded with caution due to the extremely large variability between individual donors. Further studies comprising a larger sample size are necessary to investigate this issue more thoroughly.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-199238} (DOI). Lau, S.; Rangarajan, R.; Krüger-Genge, A.; Braune, S.; Küpper, J.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Age-related morphology and function of human arterial endothelial cells. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2020. vol. 74, no. 1, 93-107. DOI: 10.3233/CH-199238}}
@misc{zimmermann_zinc_isotopic_2020, 
author={Zimmermann, T.,Mohammed, F.,Reese, A.,Wieser, M.,Kleeberg, U.,Pröfrock, D.,Irrgeher, J.},
title={Zinc isotopic variation of water and surface sediments from the German Elbe River},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135219},
abstract = {Recent studies suggested the use of the isotopic composition of Zn as a possible tracer for anthropogenic Zn emissions. Nevertheless, studies mainly focused on sampling areas of a few km2 with well-characterized anthropogenic Zn emissions. In contrast, this study focused on analyzing a large sample set of water and sediment samples taken throughout the course of the Elbe River, a large, anthropogenically impacted river system located in Central Europe. The primary objective was to evaluate the use of the isotopic composition of Zn to trace anthropogenic Zn emission on a large regional scale. In total 18 water and 26 surface sediment samples were investigated, covering the complete course of over 700 km of the German Elbe between the German/Czech border and the German North Sea, including six tributaries. Stable isotope abundance ratios of Zn were assessed by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC ICP-MS) in water filtrates (<0.45 µm) and total digests of the sieved surface sediment fraction (<63 µm) after analyte/matrix separation using Bio-Rad AG MP-1 resin via a micro-column approach and application of a 64Zn/67Zn double spike. Measured isotopic compositions of δ66Zn/64ZnIRMM-3702 ranged from −0.10 ‰ to 0.32 ‰ for sediment samples, and from −0.51 ‰ to 0.45 ‰ for water samples. In comparison to historical data some tributaries still feature high mass fractions of anthropogenic Zn (e.g. Mulde, Triebisch) combined with δ66Zn/64ZnIRMM-3702 values higher than the lithogenic background. The dissolved δ66Zn/64ZnIRMM-3702 values showed a potential correlation with pH. Our results indicate that biogeochemical processes like absorption may play a key role in natural Zn isotopic fractionation making it difficult to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic processes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135219} (DOI). Zimmermann, T.; Mohammed, F.; Reese, A.; Wieser, M.; Kleeberg, U.; Pröfrock, D.; Irrgeher, J.: Zinc isotopic variation of water and surface sediments from the German Elbe River. Science of the Total Environment. 2020. vol. 707, 135219. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135219}}
@misc{lau_effects_of_2020, 
author={Lau, S.,Rangarajan, R.,Philidet, C.,Krüger-Genge, A.,Braune, S.,Kammerer, S.,Küpper, J.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Effects of acrolein in comparison to its prodrug cyclophosphamide on human primary endothelial cells in vitro},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104685},
abstract = {Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is one of the most successful anticancer prodrugs that becomes effective after biotransformation in the liver resulting in the toxic metabolite acrolein. Cancer is often accompanied by thromboembolic events, which might be a result of dysfunctional endothelial cells due to CPA treatment.,Here, the effect of 1 mM CPA or acrolein (10/50/100/500 μM) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was analyzed after two days of treatment.,The addition of CPA or 10 μM acrolein did not affect HUVECs. However, concentrations of 100 μM and 500 μM acrolein significantly reduced the number of adherent cells by 86 ± 13% and 99 ± 1% and cell viability by 51 ± 29% and 93 ± 8% compared to the control. Moreover, pronounced stress fibers as well as multiple nuclei were observed and von Willebrand factor (vWF) was completely released. Lactate dehydrogenase was 8.5 ± 7.0-fold and 252.9 ± 42.9-fold increased showing a loss of cell membrane integrity. The prostacyclin and thromboxane secretion was significantly increased by the addition of 500 μM acrolein (43.1 ± 17.6-fold and 246.4 ± 106.3-fold) indicating cell activation/pertubation.,High doses of acrolein led to HUVEC death and loss of vWF production. This effect might be associated with the increased incidence of thromboembolic events in cancer patients treated with high doses of CPA.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104685} (DOI). Lau, S.; Rangarajan, R.; Philidet, C.; Krüger-Genge, A.; Braune, S.; Kammerer, S.; Küpper, J.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Effects of acrolein in comparison to its prodrug cyclophosphamide on human primary endothelial cells in vitro. Toxicology in Vitro. 2020. vol. 62, 104685. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104685}}
@misc{zhao_paes_and_2020, 
author={Zhao, X.,Jin, H.,Ji, Z.,Li, D.,Kaw, H.,Chen, J.,Xie, Z.,Zhang, T.},
title={PAES and PAHs in the surface sediments of the East China Sea: Occurrence, distribution and influence factors},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134763},
abstract = {A total of 29 sediment samples were collected from the East China Sea (ECS), with the Yangtze River estuary and the Zhejiang costal area. These sediment samples were analyzed for 6 phthalate esters (PAEs) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): the ΣPAEs and ΣPAHs concentrations ranged between 1649.5 and 8451.5 ng g−1 (mean = 3446.3 ng g−1) and 57.5–364.5 ng g−1 (mean = 166.2 ng g−1), respectively. Overall, the PAEs and PAHs concentrations gradually decreasing in the offshore and southward directions: their compositions and distributions suggest they could have mainly derived from the Yangtze River. In particular, their distribution was influenced by the sources’ proximity, hydrodynamics, and sediment geochemistry (i.e., TOC content and grain size). A classical two-end member model was utilized to estimate the fraction of terrestrial organic carbon in the sediments of the ECS. When the sediment was dominated by terrestrial-derived organic matter (OM), the concentrations of PAEs and PAHs were significantly correlated to the TOC content and gran size of the sediments. In contrast, the poor correlation of TOC content and grain size with PAEs in those sediments dominated by marine-derived OM, implied that the distribution of PAEs in the ECS was mainly related to land-based inputs, (especially to that of the Yangtze River). Regardless of the origin of most of the OM contained in the sediments, we observed positive correlations between the TOC content, and grain size of those containing PAHs. These results suggest that the distribution of PAHs in the ECS was not only related to the Yangtze River input, but also to the geochemical characteristics of the sediments.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134763} (DOI). Zhao, X.; Jin, H.; Ji, Z.; Li, D.; Kaw, H.; Chen, J.; Xie, Z.; Zhang, T.: PAES and PAHs in the surface sediments of the East China Sea: Occurrence, distribution and influence factors. Science of the Total Environment. 2020. vol. 703, 134763. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134763}}
@misc{pavlidou_seasonal_variations_2020, 
author={Pavlidou, A.,Velaoras, D.,Karageorgis, A.,Rousselaki, E.,Parinos, C.,Dähnke, K.,Möbius, J.,Meador, T.,Psarra, S.,Frangoulis, C.,Souvermezoglou, E.,Androni, A.,Assimakopoulou, G.,Chaikalis, S.,Kanellopoulos, T.,Lagaria, A.,Zachioti, P.,Gogou, A.},
title={Seasonal variations of biochemical and optical properties, physical dynamics and N stable isotopic composition in three northeastern Mediterranean basins (Aegean, Cretan and Ionian Seas)},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.104704},
abstract = {Multidisciplinary surveys were conducted in October 2014, May 2015 and December 2015 in three major deep basins of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMED) - the north Aegean Sea, the south Aegean (Cretan Sea) and its straits, and the south Ionian Sea - providing the most recent information on physical, biochemical and particle dynamics, along with nitrogen stable isotope composition. A north-south gradient in oligotrophy was observed, presumably related to more pronounced nutrient supply through the inflow of Black Sea Water and riverine inputs in the surface waters of the north Aegean Sea, coinciding with the relatively higher productivity in this area. Consumption rates of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in the deep waters of the north Aegean Sea reveal the physical dynamics of the subsurface layers. According to this, it seems that no deep water formation has occurred in the Athos basin after 2008. In the Cretan Sea, the Transitional Mediterranean Water mass was identified at the layer 700-1200 m showing a slight decrease in its core depth, when compared with previous studies in the area. Seasonal variations of DO and salinity in the deep waters of the Ionian Sea indicate the intrusion of more oxygenated and less saline waters of Adriatic origin in the bathypelagic layer of the south Ionian Sea. Detailed determination of stable isotope ratios for nitrate (δ15N-NO3) and suspended particulate nitrogen (δ15N-PN) in various water column depth of the three basins showed a further decrease of the overall low EMED δ15N signal, when compared with previous studies in the area. This trend can be attributed to the onward atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic N to the EMED. The δ15N-PN depth profiles exhibited clear Rayleigh-type isotope fractionation and associated with remineralisation throughout the water column, implying that the unique, isolated oceanic basins of the Eastern Mediterranean serve as important marine observatories of anthropogenic influences on marine nutrient budgets.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.104704} (DOI). Pavlidou, A.; Velaoras, D.; Karageorgis, A.; Rousselaki, E.; Parinos, C.; Dähnke, K.; Möbius, J.; Meador, T.; Psarra, S.; Frangoulis, C.; Souvermezoglou, E.; Androni, A.; Assimakopoulou, G.; Chaikalis, S.; Kanellopoulos, T.; Lagaria, A.; Zachioti, P.; Gogou, A.: Seasonal variations of biochemical and optical properties, physical dynamics and N stable isotopic composition in three northeastern Mediterranean basins (Aegean, Cretan and Ionian Seas). Deep-Sea Research  Part II. 2020. vol. 171, 104704. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.104704}}
@misc{hildebrandt_a_nanoplastic_2020, 
author={Hildebrandt, L.,Mitrano, D.,Zimmermann, T.,Pröfrock, D.},
title={A Nanoplastic Sampling and Enrichment Approach by Continuous Flow Centrifugation},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00089},
abstract = {Substantial efforts have been undertaken to isolate and characterize plastic contaminants in different sample matrices in the last years as the ubiquitous presence of particulate plastic in the environment has become evident. In comparison, plastic particles <1 µm (nanoplastic) in the environment remain mostly unexplored. Adequate techniques for the enrichment, as well as the detection of nanoplastic, are lacking but are urgently needed to assess the full scope of (potential) nanoplastic pollution. Use of Pd-doped nanoplastic particles constitutes a powerful tool to develop new analytical approaches, as they can be traced accurately and with ease in a variety of complex matrices by highly sensitive, time-efficient and robust ICP-MS(/MS) techniques. In this lab-scale study, for the first time, the capability of continuous flow centrifugation to retain nanoplastic particles (∼160 nm) from ultrapure water, as well as from filtered and unfiltered water from the German Elbe River was evaluated. Depending on the pump rate, the retention efficiency for the nanoplastic particles in ultrapure water ranged from 92% ± 8% (1 L h−1) to 53% ± 5% (5 L h−1) [uc (n = 3)] and from 75% ± 5% to 65% ± 6% (uc) (2.5 L h−1) in river water. Recirculating the water through the system two and three times at the highest tested flow rate led to retention efficiencies >90%. In a proof-of-principle setup, it was demonstrated that operating two continuous flow centrifuges sequentially at different rotational speeds bears the potential to enable size- and density-selective sampling of the colloidal fraction. A significant fraction of the spiked nanoplastic particles [76% ± 5% (uc)] could be separated from a model mixture of natural particles with a well-defined mean size of approximately 3 µm. While the certified reference plankton material used here was quantitatively retained in the first centrifuge rotor together with 23.0% ± 2.2% of the effective dose of the spiked nanoplastic, the remaining fraction of the nanoplastic could be recovered in the second rotor (53% ± 5%) and the effluent [24.4% ± 2.4% (uc)]. Based on the good retention efficiencies and the demonstrated separation potential, continuous flow centrifugation has proven to be a very promising technique for nanoplastic sampling and enrichment from natural water samples.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00089} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Mitrano, D.; Zimmermann, T.; Pröfrock, D.: A Nanoplastic Sampling and Enrichment Approach by Continuous Flow Centrifugation. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2020. vol. 8, 89. DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2020.00089}}
@misc{karl_modeling_of_2020, 
author={Karl, M.,Pirjola, L.,Karppinen, A.,Jalkanen, J.,Ramacher, M.,Kukkonen, J.},
title={Modeling of the Concentrations of Ultrafine Particles in the Plumes of Ships in the Vicinity of Major Harbors},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030777},
abstract = {Marine traffic in harbors can be responsible for significant atmospheric concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFPs), which have widely recognized negative effects on human health. It is therefore essential to model and measure the time evolution of the number size distributions and chemical composition of UFPs in ship exhaust to assess the resulting exposure in the vicinity of shipping routes. In this study, a sequential modelling chain was developed and applied, in combination with the data measured and collected in major harbor areas in the cities of Helsinki and Turku in Finland, during winter and summer in 2010–2011. The models described ship emissions, atmospheric dispersion, and aerosol dynamics, complemented with a time–microenvironment–activity model to estimate the short-term UFP exposure. We estimated the dilution ratio during the initial fast expansion of the exhaust plume to be approximately equal to eight. This dispersion regime resulted in a fully formed nucleation mode (denoted as Nuc2). Different selected modelling assumptions about the chemical composition of Nuc2 did not have an effect on the formation of nucleation mode particles. Aerosol model simulations of the dispersing ship plume also revealed a partially formed nucleation mode (Nuc1; peaking at 1.5 nm), consisting of freshly nucleated sulfate particles and condensed organics that were produced within the first few seconds. However, subsequent growth of the new particles was limited, due to efficient scavenging by the larger particles originating from the ship exhaust. The transport of UFPs downwind of the ship track increased the hourly mean UFP concentrations in the neighboring residential areas by a factor of two or more up to a distance of 3600 m, compared with the corresponding UFP concentrations in the urban background. The substantially increased UFP concentrations due to ship traffic significantly affected the daily mean exposures in residential areas located in the vicinity of the harbors.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030777} (DOI). Karl, M.; Pirjola, L.; Karppinen, A.; Jalkanen, J.; Ramacher, M.; Kukkonen, J.: Modeling of the Concentrations of Ultrafine Particles in the Plumes of Ships in the Vicinity of Major Harbors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020. vol. 17, no. 3, 777. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030777}}
@misc{reese_characterization_of_2020, 
author={Reese, A.,Voigt, N.,Zimmermann, T.,Irrgeher, J.,Proefrock, D.},
title={Characterization of alloying components in galvanic anodes as potential environmental tracers for heavy metal emissions from offshore wind structures},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127182},
abstract = {The impact of offshore constructions on the marine environment is unknown in many aspects. The application of Al- and Zn-based galvanic anodes as corrosion protection results in the continuous emission of inorganic matter (e.g. >80 kg Al-anode material per monopile foundation and year) into the marine environment. To identify tracers for emissions from offshore wind structures, anode materials (Al-based and Zn-based) were characterized for their elemental and isotopic composition. An acid digestion and analysis method for Al and Zn alloys was adapted and validated using the alloy CRMs ERM®-EB317 (AlZn6CuMgZr) and ERM®-EB602 (ZnAl4Cu1). Digests were measured for their elemental composition by ICP-MS/MS and for their Pb isotope ratios by MC ICP-MS. Ga and In were identified as potential tracers. Moreover, a combined tracer approach of the elements Al, Zn, Ga, Cd, In and Pb together with Pb isotope ratios is suggested for a reliable identification of offshore-wind-farm-induced emissions. In the Al anodes, the mass fractions were found to be >94.4% of Al, >26200 mg kg−1 of Zn, >78.5 mg kg−1 of Ga, >0.255 mg kg−1 of Cd, >143 mg kg−1 of In and >6.7 mg kg−1 of Pb. The Zn anodes showed mass fractions of >2160 mg kg−1 of Al, >94.5% of Zn, >1.31 mg kg−1 of Ga, >254 mg kg−1 of Cd, >0.019 mg kg−1 of In and >14.1 mg kg−1 of Pb. The n(208Pb)/n(206Pb) isotope ratios in Al anodes range from 2.0619 to 2.0723, whereas Zn anodes feature n(208Pb)/n(206Pb) isotope ratios ranging from 2.0927 to 2.1263.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127182} (DOI). Reese, A.; Voigt, N.; Zimmermann, T.; Irrgeher, J.; Proefrock, D.: Characterization of alloying components in galvanic anodes as potential environmental tracers for heavy metal emissions from offshore wind structures. Chemosphere. 2020. vol. 257, 127182. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127182}}
@misc{custodio_source_apportionment_2020, 
author={Custodio, D.,Ebinghaus, R.,Spain, T.,Bieser, J.},
title={Source apportionment of atmospheric mercury in the remote marine atmosphere: Mace Head GAW station, Irish western coast},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7929-2020},
abstract = {We examined recent atmospheric mercury concentrations measured with a high temporal resolution of 15 min at Mace Head, a GAW station on the western coast of Ireland. We attributed a direct contribution of 34 % (0.44 ng m−3) to primary sources. Additionally, a steep decline (0.05 ng yr−1) in mercury concentrations was observed between 2013 and 2018.,Using a stereo algorithm we reconstructed 99.9 % of the atmospheric mercury. A conservative analysis demonstrated no decrease in total gaseous mercury (TGM) associated with atmospheric species typically used as tracers for oceanic emissions. The results show that the atmospheric mercury mass is mainly loaded in a baseline factor with an ongoing decline. Moreover, we exploit temporal variation and wind pattern effects in the measured atmospheric species; the results show that the diurnal variation and seasonality in TGM observed in Mace Head are closely related to other species linked to primary sources and can be explained by transport from continental areas.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7929-2020} (DOI). Custodio, D.; Ebinghaus, R.; Spain, T.; Bieser, J.: Source apportionment of atmospheric mercury in the remote marine atmosphere: Mace Head GAW station, Irish western coast. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020. vol. 20, no. 13, 7929-7939. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-7929-2020}}
@misc{bunzel_integrated_stratigraphy_2020, 
author={Bunzel, D.,Milker, Y.,Müller-Navarra, K.,Arz, H.,Friedrich, J.,Lahajnar, N.,Schmiedl, G.},
title={Integrated stratigraphy of foreland salt-marsh sediments of the south-eastern North Sea region},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1127/nos/2020/0540},
abstract = {Depositional processes in coastal wetlands respond to a changing climate as documented in the sediment sequences of salt marshes. In this context, robust chronologies are crucial for the reconstruction of salt-marsh depositional processes in the past. However, salt-marsh sediments from the highly dynamic North Sea coast often lack a reliable stratigraphy due to the combined influences of natural processes and human activities, causing a reworking and re-deposition of the sediments. Here, a combination of absolute and relative dating methods has been applied in order to establish an integrated stratigraphic framework for active foreland salt marshes along the south-eastern North Sea coast. This stratigraphic framework is based on radionuclides (210Pb, 137Cs, 241Am, 14C) and mercury (Hg) contaminations, together with ln(Zr/Rb) as a grain-size proxy for additional inter-correlation between the four studied sites. The studied salt marshes encompass different environmental settings concerning the inundation frequency and intensity, and anthropogenic influences. As a result, the reconstructed mean sediment-accretion rates range from 1.16 cm yr–1 in the anthropogenically modified and grazed coastal salt marsh at Friedrichskoog, to 1.31 cm yr–1 in the more sheltered and semi-enclosed salt marsh in the Bay of Tümlau, and up to 1.75 cm yr–1 in the dynamic open coastal salt-marsh at Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog. Similar mean high accretion rates of 1.72 cm yr–1 are documented for the Eider estuary until AD 1965, before they dropped to 0.72 cm yr–1 after completion of the Eider tidal barrier in AD 1973. The results highlight the advantage of combining independent dating methods for the establishment of salt-marsh chronologies, which proves to be essential to compensate for absence or blurring of distinct stratigraphic signals in highly dynamic coastal depositional settings, such as the salt-marsh systems at the south-eastern North Sea coastal region. The reconstructed sediment-accretion rates suggest a high resilience of salt-marsh systems to ongoing sea-level rise as long as sediment availability and natural flooding dynamics are maintained.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1127/nos/2020/0540} (DOI). Bunzel, D.; Milker, Y.; Müller-Navarra, K.; Arz, H.; Friedrich, J.; Lahajnar, N.; Schmiedl, G.: Integrated stratigraphy of foreland salt-marsh sediments of the south-eastern North Sea region. Newsletters on stratigraphy. 2020. vol. 53, no. 4, 415-442. DOI: 10.1127/nos/2020/0540}}
@misc{xie_occurrence_of_2020, 
author={Xie, Z.,Wang, Z.,Magand, O.,Thollot, A.,Ebinghaus, R.,Mi, W.,Dommergue, A.},
title={Occurrence of legacy and emerging organic contaminants in snow at Dome C in the Antarctic},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140200},
abstract = {Concentrations of 9 organophosphate esters (OPEs), 16 perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface snow samples collected at Dome C on the Antarctic Plateau in summer 2016. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tri-n-butylphosphate (TnBP) were the dominant compounds of OPEs, with mean concentrations of 8157 ± 4860, 1128 ± 928 and 1232 ± 1147 pg/L. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, mean: 358 ± 71 pg/L) was the dominant compound of PFASs, and following by perfluoro-n-hexanoic acid (PFHxA, mean: 222 ± 97 pg/L), perfluoro-n-heptanoic acid (PFHpA, 183 ± 60 pg/L) and perfluoro-n-pentanoic acid (PFPeA, 175 ± 105 pg/L). 2-(Heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid (HFPO-DA, mean: 9.2 ± 2.6 pg/L) was determined in the Antarctic for the first time. Significantly positive correlations were observed between HFPO-DA and the short-chain PFASs, implying they have similar emission sources and long-range transport potential. High levels of 2-methylnaphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene, as well as the ratios of PAH congeners indicated PAHs were attributable mostly to combustion origin. Occurrence and profiles of the indicators of OPEs, PFASs and PAHs, as well as air mass back-trajectory analysis provided direct evidences of human activities on Concordia station and posed obvious impacts on local environments in the Antarctic. Nevertheless, the exchange processes among different environmental matrices may drive the long-range transport and redistribution of the legacy and emerging Organic contaminants from coast to inland in the Antarctic.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140200} (DOI). Xie, Z.; Wang, Z.; Magand, O.; Thollot, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Mi, W.; Dommergue, A.: Occurrence of legacy and emerging organic contaminants in snow at Dome C in the Antarctic. Science of the Total Environment. 2020. vol. 741, 140200. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140200}}
@misc{bratek_spatial_variations_2020, 
author={Bratek, A.,Beusekom, J.,Neumann, A.,Sanders, T.,Friedrich, J.,Emeis, K.,Dähnke, K.},
title={Spatial variations in sedimentary N-transformation rates in the North Sea (German Bight)},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2839-2020},
abstract = {In this study, we investigate the role of sedimentary N cycling in the southern North Sea. We present a budget of ammonification, nitrification and sedimentary NO−3,consumption and denitrification in contrasting sediment types of the German Bight (southern North Sea), including novel net ammonification rates. We incubated sediment cores from four representative locations in the German Bight (permeable, semi-permeable and impermeable sediments) with labeled nitrate and ammonium to calculate benthic fluxes of nitrate and ammonium and gross rates of ammonification and nitrification. Ammonium fluxes generally suggest oxic degradation of organic matter, but elevated fluxes at one sampling site point towards the importance of bioirrigation or short-term accumulation of organic matter. Sedimentary fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen are an important source for primary producers in the water column, supporting ∼7 % to 59 % of the average annual primary production, depending on water depth.,We find that ammonification and oxygen penetration depth are the main drivers of sedimentary nitrification, but this nitrification is closely linked to denitrification. One-third of freshly produced nitrate in impermeable sediment and two-thirds in permeable sediment were reduced to N2. The semi-permeable and permeable sediments are responsible for ∼68 % of the total benthic N2 production rates, which, based solely on our data, amounts to ∼1030 t N d−1 in the southern North Sea. Thus, we conclude that semi-permeable and permeable sediments are the main sinks of reactive N, counteracting eutrophication in the southern North Sea (German Bight).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2839-2020} (DOI). Bratek, A.; Beusekom, J.; Neumann, A.; Sanders, T.; Friedrich, J.; Emeis, K.; Dähnke, K.: Spatial variations in sedimentary N-transformation rates in the North Sea (German Bight). Biogeosciences. 2020. vol. 17, no. 10, 2839-2851. DOI: 10.5194/bg-17-2839-2020}}
@misc{petj_overview_integrative_2020, 
author={Petäjä, T.,Duplissy, E.,Tabakova, K.,Ebinghaus, R.,Xie, Z.},
title={Overview: Integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments (iCUPE) – concept and initial results},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8551-2020},
abstract = {The role of polar regions is increasing in terms of megatrends such as globalization, new transport routes, demography, and the use of natural resources with consequent effects on regional and transported pollutant concentrations. We set up the ERA-PLANET Strand 4 project “iCUPE – integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments” to provide novel insights and observational data on global grand challenges with an Arctic focus. We utilize an integrated approach combining in situ observations, satellite remote sensing Earth observations (EOs), and multi-scale modeling to synthesize data from comprehensive long-term measurements, intensive campaigns, and satellites to deliver data products, metrics, and indicators to stakeholders concerning the environmental status, availability, and extraction of natural resources in the polar areas. The iCUPE work consists of thematic state-of-the-art research and the provision of novel data in atmospheric pollution, local sources and transboundary transport, the characterization of arctic surfaces and their changes, an assessment of the concentrations and impacts of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants and their cycling, the quantification of emissions from natural resource extraction, and the validation and optimization of satellite Earth observation (EO) data streams. In this paper we introduce the iCUPE project and summarize initial results arising out of the integration of comprehensive in situ observations, satellite remote sensing, and multi-scale modeling in the Arctic context.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8551-2020} (DOI). Petäjä, T.; Duplissy, E.; Tabakova, K.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.: Overview: Integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments (iCUPE) – concept and initial results. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020. vol. 20, no. 14, 8551-8592. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-8551-2020}}
@misc{wischke_thin_hydrogel_2020, 
author={Wischke, C.,Kersting, M.,Welle, A.,Lysyakova, L.,Braune, S.,Kratz, K.,Jung, F.,Franzreb, M.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Thin hydrogel coatings formation catalyzed by immobilized enzyme horseradish peroxidase},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.218},
abstract = {Enzymes can be a renewable source of catalytic agents and thus be interesting for sustainable approaches to create and modify functional materials. Here, thin hydrogel layers were prepared as thin coatings on hard substrates by immobilized horseradish peroxidase. Hydrophilic 4-arm star shaped telechelics from oligo(ethylene glycol) bearing on average 55% end groups derived from aromatic amino acids served as monomers and enzymatic substrates. Shifts of the contact angle from 84° to 62° for the wetting process and of zeta potential towards the neutral range illustrated an alteration of physicochemical properties of the model surfaces by a hydrophilic shielding. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments enabled the qualitative and quantitative proof of hydrogel deposition at the interface with thicknesses in the medium nanometer size range. Conceptually, as the immobilized enzyme becomes entrapped in the hydrogel and the crosslinking mechanism bases on a radical reaction after enzymatic activation of the monomers with a limited diffusivity and lifetime, the formed network material can be assumed to be inhomogeneous on the molecular level. On the macroscale, however, relative homogeneity of the coating was observed via ToF-SIMS and AFM mapping. As an exemplary functional evaluation in view of bioanalytical applications, the thrombogenicity of the coating was studied in static tests with human blood from several donors. In the future, this “coating-from” approach may be explored for cell culture substrate coatings, for protein/biofilm repellence in technical applications, or in bioanalytical devices.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.218} (DOI). Wischke, C.; Kersting, M.; Welle, A.; Lysyakova, L.; Braune, S.; Kratz, K.; Jung, F.; Franzreb, M.; Lendlein, A.: Thin hydrogel coatings formation catalyzed by immobilized enzyme horseradish peroxidase. MRS Advances. 2020. vol. 5, no. 14 - 15, 773-783. DOI: 10.1557/adv.2020.218}}
@misc{wang_overall_comparison_2020, 
author={Wang, P.,Mi, W.,Xie, Z.,Tang, J.,Apel, C.,Joerss, H.,Ebinghaus, R.,Zhang, Q.},
title={Overall comparison and source identification of PAHs in the sediments of European Baltic and North Seas, Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139535},
abstract = {An international sampling campaign was carried out to comprehensively investigate the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the marine sediments from the European Baltic and North Seas, Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas. The concentrations of ∑18PAHs in the samples from these four seas were in the range of 0.91–5361 ng/g dry weight (dw), 0.46–227 ng/g dw, 25.0–308 ng/g dw and 4.3–659 ng/g dw, respectively. 4-rings PAHs, e.g., fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthene, were commonly the dominant compounds in all the samples. The PAH sources were identified via composition patterns, diagnostic ratios, principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF). Coal combustion, vehicular emission, coke plant and petroleum residue were apportioned as the main sources in these marine sediments. However, through PMF modeling, different contributions of these sources were quantified to the deposited PAHs in the seas, suggesting distinct anthropogenic impacts on the adjacent marine system. It is note-worthy that biomass combustion may not be the main source of PAHs in the majority of sediments from these seas. This was evidenced by the ratios of naphthalene against its methylated derivatives (i.e. 1-,2-methylnaphthalenes) other than the composition pattern in the samples, of which the approach is in prospect of developing in future studies.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139535} (DOI). Wang, P.; Mi, W.; Xie, Z.; Tang, J.; Apel, C.; Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.; Zhang, Q.: Overall comparison and source identification of PAHs in the sediments of European Baltic and North Seas, Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas. Science of the Total Environment. 2020. vol. 737, 139535. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139535}}
@misc{yang_persulfatebased_degradation_2020, 
author={Yang, L.,He, L.,Xue, J.,Ma, Y.,Xie, Z.,Wu, L.,Huang, M.,Zhang, Z.},
title={Persulfate-based degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in aqueous solution: Review on influences, mechanisms and prospective},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122405},
abstract = {Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) have attracted global attention due to their chemical durability, wide distribution, biotoxicity and bioaccumulative properties. Persulfate is a promising alternative to H2O2 for advanced oxidation processes and effective for organic removal. In this review, persulfate activation methods and operational factors in persulfate-based PFOA / PFOS degradation are analyzed and summarized. Moreover, the decomposing mechanisms of PFOA and PFOS are outlined in terms of molecular structures based a series of proposed pathways. PFOS could be converted to PFOA with the attack of SO4− and OH. And then PFOA defluorination occurs with one CF2 unit missing in each round and the similar procedure would occur continuously with sufficient SO4− and OH until entire decomposition. In addition, several knowledge gaps and research needs for further in-depth studies are identified. This review provides an overview for better understanding of the mechanisms and prospects in persulfate-based degradation of PFOA and PFOS.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122405} (DOI). Yang, L.; He, L.; Xue, J.; Ma, Y.; Xie, Z.; Wu, L.; Huang, M.; Zhang, Z.: Persulfate-based degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in aqueous solution: Review on influences, mechanisms and prospective. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020. vol. 393, 122405. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122405}}
@misc{han_spatial_and_2020, 
author={Han, X.,Xie, Z.,Tian, Y.,Yan, W.,Miao, L.,Zhang, L.,Zhu, X.,Xu, W.},
title={Spatial and seasonal variations of organic corrosion inhibitors in the Pearl River, South China: Contributions of sewage discharge and urban rainfall runoff},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114321},
abstract = {While organic corrosion inhibitors are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, knowledge on their occurrence, sources and transport in urban surface water is still scarce. In this study, the spatial and seasonal variations of organic corrosion inhibitors and their potential sources were investigated in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), one of the most highly urbanized watersheds in China. A total of 8 compounds belonging to benzothiazole (BTH) and benzotriazole (BTR) groups respectively, were identified in the Pearl River. In addition, there were clear spatial and temporal differentiations in the concentration profiles. The dry season provided higher concentrations of BTH (213–1082 ng L−1) and BTR (112–1279 ng L−1) compared to the wet season (30–574 ng L−1 for BTH and 23–482 ng L−1for BTR), indicating a dominant process of dilution. Remarkably higher concentrations and similar composition features of targets were observed in the effluent samples from two sewage treatment plants (STPs). Our study indicated that rainfall runoff from urban traffic roads during wet season may also be an important contributor to the Pearl River water environment. The annual total mass loading of corrosion inhibitors from the main channel of the Pearl River is 53.2 tons and exhibited strong seasonal variation. Effluents discharge from STPs and urban rainfall runoff from traffic roads are main sources of corrosion inhibitors to the Pearl River.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114321} (DOI). Han, X.; Xie, Z.; Tian, Y.; Yan, W.; Miao, L.; Zhang, L.; Zhu, X.; Xu, W.: Spatial and seasonal variations of organic corrosion inhibitors in the Pearl River, South China: Contributions of sewage discharge and urban rainfall runoff. Environmental Pollution. 2020. vol. 262, 114321. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114321}}
@misc{delaigue_spatial_variations_2020, 
author={Delaigue, L.,Thomas, H.,Mucci, A.},
title={Spatial variations in CO2 fluxes in the Saguenay Fjord (Quebec, Canada) and results of a water mixing model},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-547-2020},
abstract = {The Saguenay Fjord is a major tributary of the St. Lawrence Estuary and is strongly stratified. A 6–8 m wedge of brackish water typically overlies up to 270 m of seawater. Relative to the St. Lawrence River, the surface waters of the Saguenay Fjord are less alkaline and host higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. In view of the latter, surface waters of the fjord are expected to be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere, as they partly originate from the flushing of organic-rich soil porewaters. Nonetheless, the CO2 dynamics in the fjord are modulated with the rising tide by the intrusion, at the surface, of brackish water from the Upper St. Lawrence Estuary, as well as an overflow of mixed seawater over the shallow sill from the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary. Using geochemical and isotopic tracers, in combination with an optimization multiparameter algorithm (OMP), we determined the relative contribution of known source waters to the water column in the Saguenay Fjord, including waters that originate from the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary and replenish the fjord's deep basins. These results, when included in a conservative mixing model and compared to field measurements, serve to identify the dominant factors, other than physical mixing, such as biological activity (photosynthesis, respiration) and gas exchange at the air–water interface, that impact the water properties (e.g., pH, pCO2) of the fjord. Results indicate that the fjord's surface waters are a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere during periods of high freshwater discharge (e.g., spring freshet), whereas they serve as a net sink of atmospheric CO2 when their practical salinity exceeds ∼5–10.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-547-2020} (DOI). Delaigue, L.; Thomas, H.; Mucci, A.: Spatial variations in CO2 fluxes in the Saguenay Fjord (Quebec, Canada) and results of a water mixing model. Biogeosciences. 2020. vol. 17, no. 2, 547-566. DOI: 10.5194/bg-17-547-2020}}
@misc{ramacher_contributions_of_2020, 
author={Ramacher, M.O.P.,Matthias, V.,Aulinger, A.,Quante, M.,Bieser, J.,Karl, M.},
title={Contributions of traffic and shipping emissions to city-scale NOx and PM2.5 exposure in Hamburg},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117674},
abstract = {We investigated the contribution of road traffic and shipping related emissions of NO2 and PM2.5 to total air quality and annual mean population exposure in Hamburg 2012. For this purpose, we compiled a detailed emission inventory following SNAP categories focusing on the detailed representations of road traffic and shipping emissions. The emission inventory was applied to a global-to-local Chemistry Transport Model (CTM) system to simulate hourly NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations with a horizontal grid resolution of 500 m. To simulate urban-scale pollutant concentrations we used the coupled prognostic meteorological and chemistry transport model TAPM. The comparison of modelled to measured hourly values gives high correlation and small bias at urban and background stations but large underestimations of NO2 and PM2.5 at measurements stations near roads. Simulated contributions of road traffic emissions to annual mean concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 is highest close to highways with relative contributions of 50% for NO2 and 40% for PM2.5. Nevertheless, the urban domain is widely affected by road traffic, especially in the city centre. Shipping impact focuses on the port and nearby industrial areas with contributions of up to 60% for NO2 and 40% for PM2.5. In residential areas in the north of the port, shipping contributes with up to 20–30% for NO2 and PM2.5. Our simulation resulted in 14% of the population of Hamburg being exposed to hourly NO2 concentration above the hourly limit of 200 μg/m³, <1% to annual NO2 concentrations above the annual limit of 40 μg/m³, and 39% to PM2.5 concentrations above the annual WHO limit of 10 μg/m³. The calculation of the population-weighted mean exposure (PWE) to NO2 and PM2.5 reveals mean exposures of 20.51 μg/m³ for NO2 and 9.42 μg/m³ for PM2.5. In terms of PWE to NO2, traffic contributes 22.7% to the total and is 1.6 times higher than the contribution of shipping (13.9%). In total, traffic and shipping contribute with 36.6% to the NO2 PWE in Hamburg in 2012. When it comes to PM2.5, traffic contributes 18.1% and is 5.3 times higher than the contribution from shipping (3.4%). In total, traffic and shipping contribute 21.5% to the PM2.5 PWE in Hamburg in 2012. Two local scenarios for emissions reductions have been applied. A scenario simulating decrease in shipping emissions by instalment of on-shore electricity for ships at berth, revealed reduction potentials of up to 40% for total NO2 exposure and 35% for PM2.5 respectively. A road traffic scenario simulating a change in the fleet composition in an inner city zone, shows lower reduction potentials of up to 18% for total exposure to NO2 and 7% for PM2.5 respectively. The discussion of uncertainties revealed high potentials for improving the emission inventories, chemical transport simulation setup and exposure estimates. Due to the use of exposure calculations for policy support and in health-effect studies, it is indispensable to reduce and quantify uncertainties in future studies.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117674} (DOI). Ramacher, M.; Matthias, V.; Aulinger, A.; Quante, M.; Bieser, J.; Karl, M.: Contributions of traffic and shipping emissions to city-scale NOx and PM2.5 exposure in Hamburg. Atmospheric Environment. 2020. vol. 237, 117674. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117674}}
@misc{tang_the_impact_2020, 
author={Tang, L.,Ramacher, M.O.P.,Moldanova, J.,Matthias, V.,Karl, M.,Johansson, L.,Jalkanen, J.-P.,Yaramenka, K.,Aulinger, A.,Gustafsson, M.},
title={The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part 1: 2012 emissions},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7509-2020},
abstract = {Ship emissions in and around ports are of interest for urban air quality management in many harbour cities. We investigated the impact of regional and local ship emissions on urban air quality for 2012 conditions in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden, the largest cargo port in Scandinavia. In order to assess the effects of ship emissions, a coupled regional- and local-scale model system has been set up using ship emissions in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea as well as in and around the port of Gothenburg. Ship emissions were calculated with the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM), taking into account individual vessel characteristics and vessel activity data. The calculated contributions from local and regional shipping to local air pollution in Gothenburg were found to be substantial, especially in areas around the city ports. The relative contribution from local shipping to annual mean NO2 concentrations was 14 % as the model domain average, while the relative contribution from regional shipping in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea was 26 %. In an area close to the city terminals, the contribution of NO2 from local shipping (33 %) was higher than that of road traffic (28 %), which indicates the importance of controlling local shipping emissions. Local shipping emissions of NOx led to a decrease in the summer mean O3 levels in the city by 0.5 ppb (∼2 %) on average. Regional shipping led to a slight increase in O3 concentrations; however, the overall effect of regional and the local shipping together was a small decrease in the summer mean O3 concentrations in the city. In addition, volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from local shipping compensate up to 4 ppb of the decrease in summer O3 concentrations due to the NO titration effect. For particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5), local ship emissions contributed only 3 % to the annual mean in the model domain, while regional shipping under 2012 conditions was a larger contributor, with an annual mean contribution of 11 % of the city domain average.,Based on the modelled local and regional shipping contributions, the health effects of PM2.5, NO2 and ozone were assessed using the ALPHA-RiskPoll (ARP) model. An effect of the shipping-associated PM2.5 exposure in the modelled area was a mean decrease in the life expectancy by 0.015 years per person. The relative contribution of local shipping to the impact of total PM2.5 was 2.2 %, which can be compared to the 5.3 % contribution from local road traffic. The relative contribution of the regional shipping was 10.3 %. The mortalities due to the exposure to NO2 associated with shipping were calculated to be 2.6 premature deaths yr−1. The relative contribution of local and regional shipping to the total exposure to NO2 in the reference simulation was 14 % and 21 %, respectively. The shipping-related ozone exposures were due to the NO titration effect leading to a negative number of premature deaths. Our study shows that overall health impacts of regional shipping can be more significant than those of local shipping, emphasizing that abatement policy options on city-scale air pollution require close cooperation across governance levels. Our findings indicate that the strengthened Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECAs) fuel sulphur limit from 1 % to 0.1 % in 2015, leading to a strong decrease in the formation of secondary particulate matter on a regional scale was an important step in improving the air quality in the city.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7509-2020} (DOI). Tang, L.; Ramacher, M.; Moldanova, J.; Matthias, V.; Karl, M.; Johansson, L.; Jalkanen, J.; Yaramenka, K.; Aulinger, A.; Gustafsson, M.: The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part 1: 2012 emissions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020. vol. 20, no. 12, 7509-7530. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-7509-2020}}
@misc{ramacher_integrating_modes_2020, 
author={Ramacher, M.O.P.,Karl, M.},
title={Integrating Modes of Transport in a Dynamic Modelling Approach to Evaluate Population Exposure to Ambient NO2 and PM2.5 Pollution in Urban Areas},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062099},
abstract = {To evaluate the effectiveness of alternative policies and measures to reduce air pollution effects on urban citizen’s health, population exposure assessments are needed. Due to road traffic emissions being a major source of emissions and exposure in European cities, it is necessary to account for differentiated transport environments in population dynamics for exposure studies. In this study, we applied a modelling system to evaluate population exposure in the urban area of Hamburg in 2016. The modeling system consists of an urban-scale chemistry transport model to account for ambient air pollutant concentrations and a dynamic time-microenvironment-activity (TMA) approach, which accounts for population dynamics in different environments as well as for infiltration of outdoor to indoor air pollution. We integrated different modes of transport in the TMA approach to improve population exposure assessments in transport environments. The newly developed approach reports 12% more total exposure to NO2 and 19% more to PM2.5 compared with exposure estimates based on residential addresses. During the time people spend in different transport environments, the in-car environment contributes with 40% and 33% to the annual sum of exposure to NO2 and PM2.5, in the walking environment with 26% and 30%, in the cycling environment with 15% and 17% and other environments (buses, subway, suburban, and regional trains) with less than 10% respectively. The relative contribution of road traffic emissions to population exposure is highest in the in-car environment (57% for NO2 and 15% for PM2.5). Results for population-weighted exposure revealed exposure to PM2.5 concentrations above the WHO AQG limit value in the cycling environment. Uncertainties for the exposure contributions arising from emissions and infiltration from outdoor to indoor pollutant concentrations range from −12% to +7% for NO2 and PM2.5. The developed “dynamic transport approach” is integrated in a computationally efficient exposure model, which is generally applicable in European urban areas. The presented methodology is promoted for use in urban mobility planning, e.g., to investigate on policy-driven changes in modal split and their combined effect on emissions, population activity and population exposure.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062099} (DOI). Ramacher, M.; Karl, M.: Integrating Modes of Transport in a Dynamic Modelling Approach to Evaluate Population Exposure to Ambient NO2 and PM2.5 Pollution in Urban Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020. vol. 17, no. 6, 2099. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062099}}
@misc{zimmermann_substituting_hf_2020, 
author={Zimmermann, T.,von der Au, M.,Reese, A.,Klein, O.,Hildebrandt, L.,Pröfrock, D.},
title={Substituting HF by HBF4 – an optimized digestion method for multi-elemental sediment analysis via ICP-MS/MS},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01049A},
abstract = {Determination of elemental mass fractions in sediments plays a major role in evaluating the environmental status of aquatic ecosystems. Herewith, the optimization of a new total digestion protocol and the subsequent analysis of 48 elements in different sediment reference materials (NIST SRM 2702, GBW 07313, GBW 07311 and JMC-2) based on ICP-MS/MS detection is presented. The developed method applies microwave acid digestion and utilizes HBF4 as fluoride source for silicate decomposition. Similar to established protocols based on HF, HBF4 ensures the dissolution of the silicate matrix, as well as other refractory oxides. As HBF4 is not acutely toxic; no special precautions have to be made and digests can be directly measured via ICP-MS without specific sample inlet systems, evaporation steps or the addition of e.g. H3BO3, in order to mask excess HF. Different acid mixtures with and without HBF4 were evaluated in terms of digestion efficiency based on the trace metal recovery. The optimized protocol (5 mL HNO3, 2 mL HCL, 1 mL HBF4) allows a complete dissolution of the analyzed reference materials, as well as quantitative recoveries for a wide variety of certified analytes. Low recoveries for e.g. Sr, Ba and rare earth elements due to fluoride precipitation of HF-based digestions protocols, can be avoided by the usage of HBF4 instead. Based on the usage of high purity HBF4 all relevant trace, as well as matrix elements can be analyzed with sufficiently low LOQs (0.002 μg L−1 for U up to 6.7 μg L−1 for Al). In total, 34 elements were within a recovery range of 80%–120% for all three analyzed reference materials GBW 07313, GBW 07311 and JMC-2. 14 elements were outside a recovery range of 80%–120% for at least one of the analyzed reference materials.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01049A} (DOI). Zimmermann, T.; von der Au, M.; Reese, A.; Klein, O.; Hildebrandt, L.; Pröfrock, D.: Substituting HF by HBF4 – an optimized digestion method for multi-elemental sediment analysis via ICP-MS/MS. Analytical Methods. 2020. vol. 12, no. 30, 3778-3787. DOI: 10.1039/D0AY01049A}}
@misc{schulz_aptamer_supported_2020, 
author={Schulz, C.,Krüger-Genge, A.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Aptamer supported in vitro endothelialization of poly(ether imide) films},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-190775},
abstract = {Implantation of synthetic small-diameter vascular bypass grafts is often associated with an increased risk of failure, due to thrombotic events or late intimal hyperplasia. As one of the causes an insufficient hemocompatibility of the artificial surface is discussed. Endothelialization of synthetic grafts is reported to be a promising strategy for creating a self-renewing and regulative anti-thrombotic graft surface. However, the establishment of a shear resistant cell monolayer is still challenging. In our study, cyto- and immuno-compatible poly(ether imide) (PEI) films were explored as potential biomaterial for cardiovascular applications. Recently, we reported that the initial adherence of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was delayed on PEI-films and about 9 days were needed to establish a confluent and almost shear resistant HUVEC monolayer. To accelerate the initial adherence of HUVEC, the PEI-film surface was functionalized with an aptamer-cRGD peptide based endothelialization supporting system. With this functionalization the initial adherence as well as the shear resistance of HUVEC on PEI-films was considerable improved compared to the unmodified polymer surface. The in vitro results confirm the general applicability of aptamers for an efficient functionalization of substrate surfaces.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-190775} (DOI). Schulz, C.; Krüger-Genge, A.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Aptamer supported in vitro endothelialization of poly(ether imide) films. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2020. vol. 75, no. 2, 201-217. DOI: 10.3233/CH-190775}}
@misc{huang_human_exposure_2020, 
author={Huang, T.,Ling, Z.,Ma, J.,Macdonald, R.,Gao, H.,Tao, S.,Tian, C.,Song, S.,Jiang, W.,Chen, L.,Chen, K.,Xie, Z.,Zhao, Y.,Zhao, L.,Gu, C.,Mao, X.},
title={Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls embodied in global fish trade},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0066-1},
abstract = {International food trade poses food safety risks through the collateral transport of contaminants that are harmful to human health. Persistent organic pollutants, such as the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener PCB-153, are consumed via fish intake traded globally, but the estimated daily intake and risk to human health are poorly understood. Using a food trade pathway model, a global-scale atmospheric persistent organic pollutant transport model and UN Global Comtrade data, high PCB exposure was identified in Western Europe. Marine fish exported from Europe to Sub-Saharan African countries account for 84% of PCB-153 consumer exposure. In contrast, European fish consumers face reduced exposure to PCB-153 by consuming marine fish imported from countries where PCB-153 concentrations are low. People consuming aquaculture-farmed salmon fed with marine ingredients from PCB-153-contaminated seawaters face a higher PCB exposure. Our findings demonstrate that global fish trade can exacerbate PCB-153 exposure in regions where environmental PCB-153 levels are low. This approach demonstrates how the exposure to harmful food contaminants distributed through global food trade can be predicted and quantified.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0066-1} (DOI). Huang, T.; Ling, Z.; Ma, J.; Macdonald, R.; Gao, H.; Tao, S.; Tian, C.; Song, S.; Jiang, W.; Chen, L.; Chen, K.; Xie, Z.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, L.; Gu, C.; Mao, X.: Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls embodied in global fish trade. Nature Food. 2020. vol. 1, no. 5, 292-300. DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-0066-1}}
@misc{kaufman_a_global_2020, 
author={Kaufman, D.,McKay, N.,Routson, C.,Erb, M.,Davis, B.,Heiri, O.,Jaccard, S.,Tierney, J.,Dätwyler, C.,Axford, Y.,Brussel, T.,Cartapanis, O.,Chase, B.,Dawson, A.,de Vernal, A.,Engels, S.,Jonkers, L.,Marsicek, J.,Moffa-Sánchez, P.,Morrill, C.,Orsi, A.,Rehfeld, K.,Saunders, K.,Sommer, P.S.,Thomas, E.,Tonello, M.,Tóth, M.,Vachula, R.,Andreev, A.,Bertrand, S.,Biskaborn, B.,Bringué, M.,Brooks, S.,Caniupán, M.,Chevalier, M.,Cwynar, L.,Emile-Geay, J.,Fegyveresi, J.,Feurdean, A.,Finsinger, W.,Fortin, M.-C.,Foster, L.,Fox, M.,Gajewski, K.,Grosjean, M.,Hausmann, S.,Heinrichs, M.,Holmes, N.,Ilyashuk, B.,Ilyashuk, E.,Juggins, S.,Khider, D.,Koinig, K.,Langdon, P.,Larocque-Tobler, I.,Li, J.,Lotter, A.,Luoto, T.,Mackay, A.,Magyari, E.,Malevich, S.,Mark, B.,Massaferro, J.,Montade, V.,Nazarova, L.,Novenko, E.,Pařil, P.,Pearson, E.,Peros, M.,Pienitz, R.,Płóciennik, M.,Porinchu, D.,Potito, A.,Rees, A.,Reinemann, S.,Roberts, S.,Rolland, N.,Salonen, S.,Self, A.,Seppä, H.,Shala, S.,St-Jacques, J.-M.,Stenni, B.,Syrykh, L.,Tarrats, P.,Taylor, K.,van den Bos, V.,Velle, G.,Wahl, E.,Walker, I.,Wilmshurst, J.,Zhang, E.,Zhilich, S.},
title={A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0445-3},
abstract = {A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of quality-controlled, published, temperature-sensitive proxy records extending back 12,000 years through the Holocene. Data were compiled from 679 sites where time series cover at least 4000 years, are resolved at sub-millennial scale (median spacing of 400 years or finer) and have at least one age control point every 3000 years, with cut-off values slackened in data-sparse regions. The data derive from lake sediment (51%), marine sediment (31%), peat (11%), glacier ice (3%), and other natural archives. The database contains 1319 records, including 157 from the Southern Hemisphere. The multi-proxy database comprises paleotemperature time series based on ecological assemblages, as well as biophysical and geochemical indicators that reflect mean annual or seasonal temperatures, as encoded in the database. This database can be used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of Holocene temperature at global to regional scales, and is publicly available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0445-3} (DOI). Kaufman, D.; McKay, N.; Routson, C.; Erb, M.; Davis, B.; Heiri, O.; Jaccard, S.; Tierney, J.; Dätwyler, C.; Axford, Y.; Brussel, T.; Cartapanis, O.; Chase, B.; Dawson, A.; de Vernal, A.; Engels, S.; Jonkers, L.; Marsicek, J.; Moffa-Sánchez, P.; Morrill, C.; Orsi, A.; Rehfeld, K.; Saunders, K.; Sommer, P.; Thomas, E.; Tonello, M.; Tóth, M.; Vachula, R.; Andreev, A.; Bertrand, S.; Biskaborn, B.; Bringué, M.; Brooks, S.; Caniupán, M.; Chevalier, M.; Cwynar, L.; Emile-Geay, J.; Fegyveresi, J.; Feurdean, A.; Finsinger, W.; Fortin, M.; Foster, L.; Fox, M.; Gajewski, K.; Grosjean, M.; Hausmann, S.; Heinrichs, M.; Holmes, N.; Ilyashuk, B.; Ilyashuk, E.; Juggins, S.; Khider, D.; Koinig, K.; Langdon, P.; Larocque-Tobler, I.; Li, J.; Lotter, A.; Luoto, T.; Mackay, A.; Magyari, E.; Malevich, S.; Mark, B.; Massaferro, J.; Montade, V.; Nazarova, L.; Novenko, E.; Pařil, P.; Pearson, E.; Peros, M.; Pienitz, R.; Płóciennik, M.; Porinchu, D.; Potito, A.; Rees, A.; Reinemann, S.; Roberts, S.; Rolland, N.; Salonen, S.; Self, A.; Seppä, H.; Shala, S.; St-Jacques, J.; Stenni, B.; Syrykh, L.; Tarrats, P.; Taylor, K.; van den Bos, V.; Velle, G.; Wahl, E.; Walker, I.; Wilmshurst, J.; Zhang, E.; Zhilich, S.: A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records. Scientific Data. 2020. vol. 7, no. 1, 115. DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0445-3}}
@misc{kaufman_holocene_global_2020, 
author={Kaufman, D.,McKay, N.,Routson, C.,Erb, M.,Dätwyler, C.,Sommer, P.,Heiri, O.,Davis, B.},
title={Holocene global mean surface temperature, a multi-method reconstruction approach},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0530-7},
abstract = {An extensive new multi-proxy database of paleo-temperature time series (Temperature 12k) enables a more robust analysis of global mean surface temperature (GMST) and associated uncertainties than was previously available. We applied five different statistical methods to reconstruct the GMST of the past 12,000 years (Holocene). Each method used different approaches to averaging the globally distributed time series and to characterizing various sources of uncertainty, including proxy temperature, chronology and methodological choices. The results were aggregated to generate a multi-method ensemble of plausible GMST and latitudinal-zone temperature reconstructions with a realistic range of uncertainties. The warmest 200-year-long interval took place around 6500 years ago when GMST was 0.7 °C (0.3, 1.8) warmer than the 19th Century (median, 5th, 95th percentiles). Following the Holocene global thermal maximum, GMST cooled at an average rate −0.08 °C per 1000 years (−0.24, −0.05). The multi-method ensembles and the code used to generate them highlight the utility of the Temperature 12k database, and they are now available for future use by studies aimed at understanding Holocene evolution of the Earth system.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0530-7} (DOI). Kaufman, D.; McKay, N.; Routson, C.; Erb, M.; Dätwyler, C.; Sommer, P.; Heiri, O.; Davis, B.: Holocene global mean surface temperature, a multi-method reconstruction approach. Scientific Data. 2020. vol. 7, 201. DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0530-7}}
@misc{maradino_from_monodisciplinary_2020, 
author={Maradino, C.,van Doorn, E.,McDonald, N.,Johnson, M.,Acma, B.,Breviere, E.,Campen, H.,Carou, S.,Cocco, E.,Endres, S.,Hilmi, N.,Hopkins, F.,Liss, P.,Maes, F.,Martensson, M.,Oeffner, J.,Oloyede, M.,Peters, A.,Quack, B.,Singh, P.,Thomas, H.},
title={From Monodisciplinary via Multidisciplinary to an Interdisciplinary Approach Investigating Air-Sea Interactions – a SOLAS Initiative},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2020.1773208},
abstract = {Understanding the physical and biogeochemical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere is a vital component of environmental and Earth system research. The ability to predict and respond to future environmental change relies on a detailed understanding of these processes. The Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) is an international research platform that focuses on the study of ocean-atmosphere interactions, for which Future Earth is a sponsor. SOLAS instigated a collaborative initiative process to connect efforts in the natural and social sciences related to these processes, as a contribution to the emerging Future Earth Ocean Knowledge-Action Network (Ocean KAN). This is imperative because many of the recent changes in the Earth system are anthropogenic. An understanding of adaptation and counteracting measures requires an alliance of scientists from both domains to bridge the gap between science and policy. To this end, three SOLAS research areas were targeted for a case study to determine a more effective method of interdisciplinary research: valuing carbon and the ocean’s role; air-sea interactions, policy and stewardship; and, air-sea interactions and the shipping industry.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2020.1773208} (DOI). Maradino, C.; van Doorn, E.; McDonald, N.; Johnson, M.; Acma, B.; Breviere, E.; Campen, H.; Carou, S.; Cocco, E.; Endres, S.; Hilmi, N.; Hopkins, F.; Liss, P.; Maes, F.; Martensson, M.; Oeffner, J.; Oloyede, M.; Peters, A.; Quack, B.; Singh, P.; Thomas, H.: From Monodisciplinary via Multidisciplinary to an Interdisciplinary Approach Investigating Air-Sea Interactions – a SOLAS Initiative. Coastal Management. 2020. vol. 48, no. 4, 238-256. DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2020.1773208}}
@misc{joerss_transport_of_2020, 
author={Joerss, H.,Xie, Z.,Wagner, C.,von Appen, W.,Sunderland, E.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Transport of Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances and the Replacement Compound HFPO-DA through the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean—Is the Arctic a Sink or a Source?},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00228},
abstract = {The spatial distribution of 29 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in seawater was investigated along a sampling transect from Europe to the Arctic and two transects within Fram Strait, located between Greenland and Svalbard, in the summer of 2018. Hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA), a replacement compound for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), was detected in Arctic seawater for the first time. This provides evidence for its long-range transport to remote areas. The total PFAS concentration was significantly enriched in the cold, low-salinity surface water exiting the Arctic compared to warmer, higher-salinity water from the North Atlantic entering the Arctic (260 ± 20 pg/L versus 190 ± 10 pg/L). The higher ratio of perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) to perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) in outflowing water from the Arctic suggests a higher contribution of atmospheric sources compared to ocean circulation. An east–west cross section of the Fram Strait, which included seven depth profiles, revealed higher PFAS concentrations in the surface water layer than in intermediate waters and a negligible intrusion into deep waters (>1000 m). Mass transport estimates indicated a net inflow of PFASs with ≥8 perfluorinated carbons via the boundary currents and a net outflow of shorter-chain homologues. We hypothesize that this reflects higher contributions from atmospheric sources to the Arctic outflow and a higher retention of the long-chain compounds in melting snow and ice.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00228} (DOI). Joerss, H.; Xie, Z.; Wagner, C.; von Appen, W.; Sunderland, E.; Ebinghaus, R.: Transport of Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances and the Replacement Compound HFPO-DA through the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean—Is the Arctic a Sink or a Source?. Environmental Science and Technology. 2020. vol. 54, no. 16, 9958-9967. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00228}}
@misc{schwichtenberg_the_impact_2020, 
author={Schwichtenberg, F.,Pätsch, J.,Böttcher, M.,Thomas, H.,Winde, V.,Emeis, K.},
title={The impact of intertidal areas on the carbonate system of the southern North Sea},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4223-2020},
abstract = {The coastal ocean is strongly affected by ocean acidification because of its shallow water depths, low volume, and the closeness to terrestrial dynamics. Earlier observations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) in the southern part of the North Sea, a northwest European shelf sea, revealed lower acidification effects than expected. It has been assumed that anaerobic degradation and subsequent TA release in the adjacent back-barrier tidal areas (Wadden Sea) in summertime is responsible for this phenomenon. In this study the exchange rates of TA and DIC between the Wadden Sea tidal basins and the North Sea and the consequences for the carbonate system in the German Bight are estimated using a 3D ecosystem model. The aim of this study is to differentiate the various sources contributing to observed high summer TA in the southern North Sea. Measured TA and DIC in the Wadden Sea are considered as model boundary conditions. This procedure acknowledges the dynamic behaviour of the Wadden Sea as an area of effective production and decomposition of organic material. According to the modelling results, 39 Gmol TA yr−1 were exported from the Wadden Sea into the North Sea, which is less than a previous estimate but within a comparable range. The interannual variabilities in TA and DIC, mainly driven by hydrodynamic conditions, were examined for the years 2001–2009. Dynamics in the carbonate system are found to be related to specific weather conditions. The results suggest that the Wadden Sea is an important driver for the carbonate system in the southern North Sea. On average 41 % of TA inventory changes in the German Bight were caused by riverine input, 37 % by net transport from adjacent North Sea sectors, 16 % by Wadden Sea export, and 6 % were caused by internal net production of TA. The dominant role of river input for the TA inventory disappears when focusing on TA concentration changes due to the corresponding freshwater fluxes diluting the marine TA concentrations. The ratio of exported TA versus DIC reflects the dominant underlying biogeochemical processes in the Wadden Sea. Whereas aerobic degradation of organic matter played a key role in the North Frisian Wadden Sea during all seasons of the year, anaerobic degradation of organic matter dominated in the East Frisian Wadden Sea. Despite the scarcity of high-resolution field data, it is shown that anaerobic degradation in the Wadden Sea is one of the main contributors of elevated summer TA values in the southern North Sea.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4223-2020} (DOI). Schwichtenberg, F.; Pätsch, J.; Böttcher, M.; Thomas, H.; Winde, V.; Emeis, K.: The impact of intertidal areas on the carbonate system of the southern North Sea. Biogeosciences. 2020. vol. 17, no. 16, 4223-4245. DOI: 10.5194/bg-17-4223-2020}}
@misc{ramacher_the_impact_2020, 
author={Ramacher, M.,Tang, L.,Moldanova, J.,Matthias, V.,Karl, M.,Fridell, E.,Johansson, L.},
title={The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part II: Scenarios for 2040},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10667-2020},
abstract = {Shipping is an important source of air pollutants, from the global to the local scale. Ships emit substantial amounts of sulfur dioxides, nitrogen dioxides, and particulate matter in the vicinity of coasts, threatening the health of the coastal population, especially in harbour cities. Reductions in emissions due to shipping have been targeted by several regulations. Nevertheless, effects of these regulations come into force with temporal delays, global ship traffic is expected to grow in the future, and other land-based anthropogenic emissions might decrease. Thus, it is necessary to investigate combined impacts to identify the impact of shipping activities on air quality, population exposure, and health effects in the future.,We investigated the future effect of shipping emissions on air quality and related health effects considering different scenarios of the development of shipping under current regional trends of economic growth and already decided regulations in the Gothenburg urban area in 2040. Additionally, we investigated the impact of a large-scale implementation of shore electricity in the Port of Gothenburg. For this purpose, we established a one-way nested chemistry transport modelling (CTM) system from the global to the urban scale, to calculate pollutant concentrations, population-weighted concentrations, and health effects related to NO2, PM2.5, and O3.,The simulated concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 in future scenarios for the year 2040 are in general very low with up to 4 ppb for NO2 and up to 3.5 µg m−3 PM2.5 in the urban areas which are not close to the port area. From 2012 the simulated overall exposure to PM2.5 decreased by approximately 30 % in simulated future scenarios; for NO2 the decrease was over 60 %. The simulated concentrations of O3 increased from the year 2012 to 2040 by about 20 %. In general, the contributions of local shipping emissions in 2040 focus on the harbour area but to some extent also influence the rest of the city domain. The simulated impact of onshore electricity implementation for shipping in 2040 shows reductions for NO2 in the port of up to 30 %, while increasing O3 of up to 3 %. Implementation of onshore electricity for ships at berth leads to additional local reduction potentials of up to 3 % for PM2.5 and 12 % for SO2 in the port area. All future scenarios show substantial decreases in population-weighted exposure and health-effect impacts.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10667-2020} (DOI). Ramacher, M.; Tang, L.; Moldanova, J.; Matthias, V.; Karl, M.; Fridell, E.; Johansson, L.: The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part II: Scenarios for 2040. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020. vol. 20, no. 17, 10667-10686. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-10667-2020}}
@misc{bratek_nitrate_sources_2020, 
author={Bratek, A.,Emeis, K.,Sanders, T.,Wankel, S.,Struck, U.,Möbius, J.,Dähnke, K.},
title={Nitrate sources and the effect of land cover on the isotopic composition of nitrate in the catchment of the Rhône River},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2020.1723580},
abstract = {The Rhône River originates in the high Alps and drains an intensely cultivated and industrialised catchment before it discharges to the Gulf of Lion. We investigated the interaction of catchment geomorphology with nitrate sources (atmosphere, agriculture, and nitrification of soil organic matter) and removal processes in large and diverse watersheds on the basis of dual nitrate isotope signatures in river water.,In March 2015, we took surface water samples along the Rhône River, including its main tributaries, and measured nutrient concentrations and the stable isotopic composition of nitrate (δ15N, δ18O and Δ17O), and water (δ18O-H2O).,Results show that high altitude regions are dominated by nitrate from nitrification in pristine soils and atmospheric deposition, while nitrate in the downstream Rhône River originates mainly from nitrification of agricultural/urban sources. Parallel increases in δ15N and δ18O reflect the influence of primary production. Previous studies suggested robust correlations between land use and δ15N-NO–3,. Based on our observation that nitrate δ15N values at higher altitudes are lower than expected, we assume that lower nitrate δ15N values likely reflect limited nitrate consumption and lower soil nitrogen turnover rates. We propose that correlation between land use and nitrate δ15N is sensitive to slope and geomorphology.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2020.1723580} (DOI). Bratek, A.; Emeis, K.; Sanders, T.; Wankel, S.; Struck, U.; Möbius, J.; Dähnke, K.: Nitrate sources and the effect of land cover on the isotopic composition of nitrate in the catchment of the Rhône River. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies. 2020. vol. 56, no. 1, 14-35. DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1723580}}
@misc{joerss_per_and_2020, 
author={Joerss, H.,Schramm, T.,Sun, L.,Guo, C.,Tang, J.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Chinese and German river water – Point source- and country-specific fingerprints including unknown precursors},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115567},
abstract = {This study aimed at comparing source-specific fingerprints of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in river water from China and Germany, selected as countries with different histories of PFAS production. Samples were collected from up- and downstream of seven suspected point sources in autumn 2018. Amongst the 29 analyzed legacy and emerging PFASs, 24 were detected, with a sum ranging from 2.7 ng/L (Alz River) to 420,000 ng/L (Xiaoqing River). While mass flow estimates for the Xiaoqing River and Yangtze River (mean: 20 and 43 t/y, respectively) indicated ongoing high emissions of the legacy compound PFOA in China, its ether-based replacements HFPO-DA and DONA showed the highest contribution downstream of a German fluoropolymer manufacturing site (50% and 40% of ΣPFASs measured, respectively). In river water impacted by manufacturing sites for pharmaceutical and pesticide intermediates, the short-chain compound PFBS was the most prevalent substance in both countries. The German Ruhr River, receiving discharges from the electroplating industry, was characterized by the PFOS replacement 6:2 FTSA. Isomer profiling revealed a higher proportion of branched isomers in the Chinese Xi River and Xiaoqing River than in other rivers. This points to different synthesis routes and underlines the importance of differentiating between linear and branched isomers in risks assessments. Upon oxidative conversion in the total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay, the increase of the short-chain compound PFBA was higher in German samples than in Chinese samples (88 ± 30% versus 12 ± 14%), suggesting the presence of a higher proportion of unknown precursors to PFBA in the German environment. Amongst the ether-based replacements, DONA and 6:2 Cl-PFESA were fully or partially degraded to non-targeted oxidation products, whereas HFPO-DA showed no degradation. This indicates that the inclusion of ether-based PFASs and their oxidation products in the TOP assay can help in capturing a larger amount of the unknown PFAS fraction.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115567} (DOI). Joerss, H.; Schramm, T.; Sun, L.; Guo, C.; Tang, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Chinese and German river water – Point source- and country-specific fingerprints including unknown precursors. Environmental Pollution. 2020. vol. 267, 115567. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115567}}
@misc{joerss_per_und_2020, 
author={Joerss, H.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen im Rheinverlauf - Vorkommen und Verteilung in Wasser und Sedimenten},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Zur  Stoffgruppe  der  mehr  als  4.700  per-und  polyfluorierten Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) gehören neben den gut untersuchten und  bereits  regulierten  langkettigen  PFAS  auch  Ersatzstoffe und  weitere  PFAS,  die  bislang  nicht  im  Fokus  standen.  Um dieseSubstanzen im Rheinverlauf zu untersuchen, wurden 29 PFAS  in  Oberflächenwasser  und  Sedimenten  analysiert.  In 50% bzw. 42% der Wasserproben wurde der etherbasierte Er-satzstoff  Hexafluorpropylenoxid-Dimersäure  (HFPO-DA)  und die cyclische Substanz Perfluor-4-ethylcyclohexansulfonsäure (PFECHS) nachgewiesen. Die Konzentration der bislang wenig untersuchten  Perfluoralkylphosphinsäure  6:8  PFPiA  in  den Sedimentproben  war  vergleichbar  mit  den  Konzentrationen langkettiger  PFAS,  die  78  ±  8  %  der  PFAS-Summe  aus-machten.  Das  stellt  die  Rolle  der  Sedimente  als  Senke  für langkettige PFAS heraus},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen im Rheinverlauf - Vorkommen und Verteilung in Wasser und Sedimenten. Mitteilungen der Fachgruppe Umweltchemie und Ökotoxikologie. 2020. vol. 26, no. 3, 76-80.}}
@misc{mears_using_226ra_2020, 
author={Mears, C.,Thomas, H.,Henderson, P.,Charette, M.,MacIntyre, H.,Dehairs, F.,Monnin, C.,Mucci, A.},
title={Using 226Ra and 228Ra isotopes to distinguish water mass distribution in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4937-2020},
abstract = {As a shelf dominated basin, the Arctic Ocean and its biogeochemistry are heavily influenced by continental and riverine sources. Radium isotopes (226Ra, 228Ra, 224Ra, 223Ra), are transferred from the sediments to seawater, making them ideal tracers of sediment-water exchange processes and ocean mixing. 226Ra and 228Ra are the two longer-lived isotopes of the Radium Quartet (226Ra, t1/2 = 1600 y and 228Ra, t1/2 = 5.8 y). Because of their long half-lives they can provide insight into the water mass compositions, distribution patterns, as well as mixing processes and the associated timescales throughout the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). The wide range of 226Ra, 228Ra, and of the 228Ra / 226Ra ratio, measured in water samples collected during the 2015 GEOTRACES cruise, complemented by additional chemical tracers (dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (AT), barium (Ba), and the stable oxygen isotope composition of water (δ18O)) highlight the dominant biogeochemical, hydrographic and bathymetric features of the CAA. Bathymetric features, such as the continental shelf and shallow coastal sills, are critical in modulating circulation patterns within the CAA, including the bulk flow of Pacific waters and the inhibited eastward flow of denser Atlantic waters through the CAA. Using a Principal Component Analysis, we unravel the dominant mechanisms and the apparent water mass end-members that shape the tracer distributions. We identify two distinct water masses located above and below the upper halocline layer throughout the CAA, as well as distinctly differentiate surface waters in the eastern and western CAA. Furthermore, we identify water exchange across 80° W, inferring a draw of Atlantic water, originating from Baffin Bay, into the CAA. In other words, this implies the presence of an Atlantic water U-turn located at Barrow Strait, where the same water mass is seen along the northernmost edge at 80° W as well as along south-easternmost confines of Lancaster Sound. Overall, this study provides a stepping stone for future research initiatives within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, revealing how quantifying disparities in radioactive isotopes can provide valuable information on the potential effects of climate change within vulnerable areas such as the CAA.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4937-2020} (DOI). Mears, C.; Thomas, H.; Henderson, P.; Charette, M.; MacIntyre, H.; Dehairs, F.; Monnin, C.; Mucci, A.: Using 226Ra and 228Ra isotopes to distinguish water mass distribution in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Biogeosciences. 2020. vol. 17, no. 20, 4937-4959. DOI: 10.5194/bg-17-4937-2020}}
@misc{beauprlaperrire_the_recent_2020, 
author={Beaupré-Laperrière, A.,Mucci, A.,Thomas, H.},
title={The recent state and variability of the carbonate system of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and adjacent basins in the context of ocean acidification},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3923-2020},
abstract = {Ocean acidification driven by the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the surface oceans constitutes a potential threat to the health of marine ecosystems around the globe. The Arctic Ocean is particularly vulnerable to acidification and thus is an ideal region to study the progression and effects of acidification before they become globally widespread. The appearance of undersaturated surface waters with respect to the carbonate mineral aragonite (ΩA<1), an important threshold beyond which the calcification and growth of some marine organisms might be hindered, has recently been documented in the Canada Basin and adjacent Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA), a dynamic region with an inherently strong variability in biogeochemical processes. Nonetheless, few of these observations were made in the last 5 years and the spatial coverage in the latter region is poor. We use a dataset of carbonate system parameters measured in the CAA and its adjacent basins (Canada Basin and Baffin Bay) from 2003 to 2016 to describe the recent state of these parameters across the Canadian Arctic and investigate the amplitude and sources of the system's variability over more than a decade. Our findings reveal that, in the summers of 2014 to 2016, the ocean surface across our study area served as a net CO2 sink and was partly undersaturated with respect to aragonite in the Canada Basin and the Queen Maud Gulf, the latter region exhibiting undersaturation over its entire water column at some locations. We estimate, using measurements made across several years, that approximately a third of the interannual variability in surface dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations in the CAA results from fluctuations in biological activity. In consideration of the system's variability resulting from these fluctuations, we derive times of emergence of the anthropogenic ocean acidification signal for carbonate system parameters in the study area.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3923-2020} (DOI). Beaupré-Laperrière, A.; Mucci, A.; Thomas, H.: The recent state and variability of the carbonate system of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and adjacent basins in the context of ocean acidification. Biogeosciences. 2020. vol. 17, no. 14, 3923-3942. DOI: 10.5194/bg-17-3923-2020}}
@misc{ptsch_distinct_mechanisms_2020, 
author={Pätsch, J.,Gouretski, V.,Hinrichs, I.,Koul, V.},
title={Distinct Mechanisms Underlying Interannual to Decadal Variability of Observed Salinity and Nutrient Concentration in the Northern North Sea},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015825},
abstract = {The influence of large‐scale oceanic circulation on salinity in the northern North Sea has lead to the hypothesis that nutrient concentrations in this region are also driven by remote oceanic anomalies. Here, using a newly established biogeochemical data set of the North Sea, we show that interannual to decadal variability in winter nutrient concentrations exhibits distinct phase deviations from salinity. The variability in salinity is explained by zonal shifts in the position of the subpolar front (SPF) in the eastern North Atlantic and the associated advective delay. However, the high correlation and absence of advective delay between the position of the SPF and winter nutrient concentrations in the Shetland region (59–61°N, 1°W to 3°E) point to the role of atmospheric variability in driving concurrent changes in winter nutrient concentrations and the SPF position. Our analysis suggests that the prevailing wind direction and local distribution of winter nutrient concentrations together determine the interannual to decadal variability in winter nutrient concentrations in this region. In the analyzed observations, we find a strong spatial gradient in mean winter nutrient concentrations northwest of the Shetland region, which is absent in salinity. The horizontal shift of this spatial gradient, forced by changes in wind direction, has a larger influence on winter nutrient concentration in the Shetland region than the nutrient signal in oceanic anomalies originating from the eastern subpolar North Atlantic. Overall, we conclude that interannual to decadal variability in the observed nutrient concentrations is mainly driven by atmospheric variability here expressed as wind direction.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015825} (DOI). Pätsch, J.; Gouretski, V.; Hinrichs, I.; Koul, V.: Distinct Mechanisms Underlying Interannual to Decadal Variability of Observed Salinity and Nutrient Concentration in the Northern North Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research : Oceans. 2020. vol. 125, no. 5, e2019JC015825. DOI: 10.1029/2019JC015825}}
@misc{hildebrandt_a_metrologically_2020, 
author={Hildebrandt, L.,von der Au, M.,Zimmermann, T.,Reese, A.,Ludwig, J.,Pröfrock, D.},
title={A metrologically traceable protocol for the quantification of trace metals in different types of microplastic},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236120},
abstract = {The presence of microplastic (MP) particles in aquatic environments raised concern about possible enrichment of organic and inorganic pollutants due to their specific surface and chemical properties. In particular the role of metals within this context is still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop a fully validated acid digestion protocol for metal analysis in different polymers, which is a prerequisite to study such interactions. The proposed digestion protocol was validated using six different certified reference materials in the microplastic size range consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polyvinyl chloride. As ICP-MS/MS enabled time-efficient, sensitive and robust analysis of 56 metals in one measurement, the method was suitable to provide mass fractions for a multitude of other elements beside the certified ones (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn). Three different microwaves, different acid mixtures as well as different temperatures in combination with different hold times were tested for optimization purposes. With the exception of Cr in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, recovery rates obtained using the optimized protocol for all six certified reference materials fell within a range from 95.9% ± 2.7% to 112% ± 7%. Subsequent optimization further enhanced both precision and recoveries ranging from 103% ± 5% to 107 ± 4% (U; k = 2 (n = 3)) for all certified metals (incl. Cr) in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. The results clearly show the analytical challenges that come along with metal analysis in chemically resistant plastics. Addressing specific analysis tools for different sorption scenarios and processes as well as the underlying kinetics was beyond this study’s scope. However, the future application of the two recommended thoroughly validated total acid digestion protocols as a first step in the direction of harmonization of metal analysis in/on MP will enhance the significance and comparability of the generated data. It will contribute to a better understanding of the role of MP as vector for trace metals in the environment.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236120} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; von der Au, M.; Zimmermann, T.; Reese, A.; Ludwig, J.; Pröfrock, D.: A metrologically traceable protocol for the quantification of trace metals in different types of microplastic. PLoS One. 2020. vol. 15, no. 7, e0236120. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236120}}
@misc{matthias_modelling_road_2020, 
author={Matthias, V.,Bieser, J.,Mocanu, T.,Pregger, T.,Quante, M.,Ramacher, M.,Seum, S.,Winkler, C.},
title={Modelling road transport emissions in Germany – Current day situation and scenarios for 2040},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536},
abstract = {In the German project Traffic Development and the Environment an advanced model chain was built up that includes traffic models, fleet composition developments, new driving technologies, and emission factors in order to produce spatio-temporal emission distributions for use in atmospheric chemistry transport models. This novel model chain was first used to calculate current day traffic emissions in Germany and then to develop consistent future scenarios for 2040. In all scenarios, NOx emissions from traffic decrease by approximately 80% while PM emissions show a lower reduction. The scenarios Free Play, which is based on a free market economics logic, and Regulated Shift, which considers stricter environmental regulations, represent large differences in traffic emissions. NOx emissions will be 32% lower and PM emissions 13% lower in the Regulated Shift scenario compared to the Free Play. The data can be combined with other anthropogenic emissions for investigating air quality with chemistry transport models.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536} (DOI). Matthias, V.; Bieser, J.; Mocanu, T.; Pregger, T.; Quante, M.; Ramacher, M.; Seum, S.; Winkler, C.: Modelling road transport emissions in Germany – Current day situation and scenarios for 2040. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2020. vol. 87, 102536. DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536}}
@misc{lechthaler_canola_oil_2020, 
author={Lechthaler, S.,Hildebrandt, L.,Stauch, G.,Schüttrumpf, H.},
title={Canola Oil Extraction in Conjunction with a Plastic Free Separation Unit Optimises Microplastics Monitoring in Water and Sediment},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01574A},
abstract = {Microplastics are widely distributed in the environment and to define contamination hot spots, environmental samples have to be analysed by means of cost- as well as time-efficient and reliable standardised protocols. Due to the lipophilic characteristics of plastic, oil extraction as a fast and density-independent separation is beneficial for the crucial extraction step. It was extensively validated (480 experiments) in two test setups by using canola oil and a cost-effective, plastic-free separation unit with spiked microplastic (19 different polymer types) in the density range from ρ = 11 - 1,760 kg/m³ and in the size range from 0.02 mm - 4.4 mm. Thus, an innovative, new method combination was developed and profoundly validated for water and sediment samples using only a short settling time of 15 minutes. Some experiments were also carried out with zinc chloride to obtain additional reference data (particles ≤ 359 µm). The total mean recovery rate was 89.3%, 91.7% within the larger microplastic fraction and 85.7% for the small fraction. Compared to zinc chloride (87.6%), recovery rates differed not significantly with oil (87.1%). Furthermore, size limits were set, since the method works best with particles 0.02 mm ≥ d ≤ 3 mm. The proposed method exhibits higher efficiency (84.8% for 20 - 63 µm) for the potentially most harmful microplastic size fraction than the classic setup using brine solution. As a result, oil is a comparably effective separation medium and offers further advantages for separating water and sediment samples due to its density independence, simple and fast application and environmental friendliness. Based on this, a new extraction protocol is presented here that confirms oil separation as a sound and effective separation in microplastic analysis and identifies previously missing information.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01574A} (DOI). Lechthaler, S.; Hildebrandt, L.; Stauch, G.; Schüttrumpf, H.: Canola Oil Extraction in Conjunction with a Plastic Free Separation Unit Optimises Microplastics Monitoring in Water and Sediment. Analytical Methods. 2020. vol. 12, no. 42, 5128-5139. DOI: 10.1039/D0AY01574A}}
@misc{zhang_influence_of_2020, 
author={Zhang, X.,Karl, M.,Zhang, L.,Wang, J.},
title={Influence of Aviation Emission on the Particle Number Concentration near Zurich Airport},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02249},
abstract = {In addition to the much-publicized environmental impact of CO2 emission by air traffic, aviation particulate emission also deserves attention. The abundant ultrafine particles in the aviation exhaust with diameters less than 100 nm may penetrate deep into the human respiratory system and cause adverse health effects. Here, we quantified the detailed aviation particle number emission from Zurich Airport and evaluated its influences on the annual mean particle number concentrations in the surrounding communities. The actual flight trajectory data were utilized for the first time to develop an emission inventory with high spatial resolution. The estimated total particle number emission was in the magnitude of 1024 particles per year. The annual mean particle mass concentrations in the nearby communities were increased by about 0.1 μg m–3 due to the aviation emission, equivalent to about 1% of the background concentration. However, the particle number concentration could be increased by a factor of 2–10 of the background level (104 cm–3) for nearby communities. Further studies are required to investigate the health effects of the increased particle number concentration and to evaluate whether the regulation based on the mass concentration is still sufficient for the air quality near airports.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02249} (DOI). Zhang, X.; Karl, M.; Zhang, L.; Wang, J.: Influence of Aviation Emission on the Particle Number Concentration near Zurich Airport. Environmental Science and Technology. 2020. vol. 54, no. 22, 14161-14171. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02249}}
@misc{kerimoglu_interactive_impacts_2020, 
author={Kerimoglu, O.,Voynova, Y.,Chegini, F.,Brix, H.,Callies, U.,Hofmeister, R.,Klingbeil, K.,Schrum, C.,van Beusekom, J.},
title={Interactive impacts of meteorological and hydrological conditions on the physical and biogeochemical structure of a coastal system},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5097-2020},
abstract = {The German Bight was exposed to record high riverine discharges in June 2013, as a result of flooding of the Elbe and Weser rivers. Several anomalous observations suggested that the hydrodynamical and biogeochemical states of the system were impacted by this event. In this study, we developed a biogeochemical model and coupled it with a previously introduced high-resolution hydrodynamical model of the southern North Sea in order to better characterize these impacts and gain insight into the underlying processes. Performance of the model was assessed using an extensive set of in situ measurements for the period 2011–2014. We first improved the realism of the hydrodynamic model with regard to the representation of cross-shore gradients, mainly through inclusion of flow-dependent horizontal mixing. Among other characteristic features of the system, the coupled model system can reproduce the low salinities, high nutrient concentrations and low oxygen concentrations in the bottom layers observed within the German Bight following the flood event. Through a scenario analysis, we examined the sensitivity of the patterns observed during July 2013 to the hydrological and meteorological forcing in isolation. Within the region of freshwater influence (ROFI) of the Elbe–Weser rivers, the flood event clearly dominated the changes in salinity and nutrient concentrations, as expected. However, our findings point to the relevance of the peculiarities in the meteorological conditions in 2013 as well: a combination of low wind speeds, warm air temperatures and cold bottom-water temperatures resulted in a strong thermal stratification in the outer regions and limited vertical nutrient transport to the surface layers. Within the central region, the thermal and haline dynamics interactively resulted in an intense density stratification. This intense stratification, in turn, led to enhanced primary production within the central region enriched by nutrients due to the flood but led to reduction within the nutrient-limited outer region, and it caused a widespread oxygen depletion in bottom waters. Our results further point to the enhancement of the current velocities at the surface as a result of haline stratification and to intensification of the thermohaline estuarine-like circulation in the Wadden Sea, both driven by the flood event.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5097-2020} (DOI). Kerimoglu, O.; Voynova, Y.; Chegini, F.; Brix, H.; Callies, U.; Hofmeister, R.; Klingbeil, K.; Schrum, C.; van Beusekom, J.: Interactive impacts of meteorological and hydrological conditions on the physical and biogeochemical structure of a coastal system. Biogeosciences. 2020. vol. 17, no. 20, 5097-5127. DOI: 10.5194/bg-17-5097-2020}}
@misc{liu_comparative_analysis_2020, 
author={Liu, Z.,Klose, K.,Neuber, S.,Jiang, M.,Gossen, M.,Stamm, C.},
title={Comparative analysis of adeno-associated virus serotypes for gene transfer in organotypic heart slices},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02605-4},
abstract = {Background,Vectors derived from adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are widely used for gene transfer both in vitro and in vivo and have gained increasing interest as shuttle systems to deliver therapeutic genes to the heart. However, there is little information on their tissue penetration and cytotoxicity, as well as the optimal AAV serotype for transferring genes to diseased hearts. Therefore, we aimed to establish an organotypic heart slice culture system for mouse left ventricular (LV) myocardium and use this platform to analyze gene transfer efficiency, cell tropism, and toxicity of different AAV serotypes.,Methods,LV tissue slices, 300 µm thick, were prepared from 15- to 17-day-old transgenic alpha-myosin heavy-chain-mCherry mice using a vibrating microtome. Tissue slice viability in air-liquid culture was evaluated by calcein-acetoxymethyl ester staining, mCherry fluorescence intensity, and the tetrazolium assay. Four recombinant AAV serotypes (1, 2, 6, 8) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the CAG promoter were added to the slice surface. Gene transfer efficiency was quantified as the number of GFP-positive cells per slice. AAV cell tropism was examined by comparing the number of GFP-positive cardiomyocytes (CMs) and fibroblasts within heart slices.,Results,Slices retained viability in in vitro culture for at least 5 days. After adding AAV particles, AAV6-infected slices showed the highest number of GFP-expressing cells, almost exclusively CMs. Slice incubation with AAV1, 2, and 8 resulted in fewer GFP-positive cells, with AAV2 having the lowest gene transfer efficiency. None of the AAV serotypes tested caused significant cytotoxicity when compared to non-infected control slices.,Conclusions,We have established a readily available mouse organotypic heart slice culture model and provided evidence that AAV6 may be a promising gene therapy vector for heart failure and other cardiac diseases.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02605-4} (DOI). Liu, Z.; Klose, K.; Neuber, S.; Jiang, M.; Gossen, M.; Stamm, C.: Comparative analysis of adeno-associated virus serotypes for gene transfer in organotypic heart slices. Journal of Translational Medicine. 2020. vol. 18, 437. DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02605-4}}
@misc{yu_dynamic_tensile_2020, 
author={Yu, J.,Song, B.,Xia, D.,Zeng, X.,Huang, Y.,Hort, N.,Mao, P.,Liu, Z.},
title={Dynamic tensile properties and microstructural evolution of extruded EW75 magnesium alloy at high strain rates},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2020.02.013},
abstract = {The dynamic tensile properties and microstructural evolution of an extruded EW75 magnesium alloy deformed at ambient temperature and different high strain rates (from 1000 to 3000 s-1) along extrusion direction (ED) were investigated by Split Hopkinson Tension Bar (SHTB). The corresponding deformation mechanisms, texture evolution and microstructure changes were analyzed by optical microscope (OM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the extruded EW75 magnesium alloy along ED exhibits a conventional positive strain rate sensitivity that the dynamic flow stresses increase with increasing strain rate. Texture measurements show that after dynamic tension, the initial weak texture of extruded EW75 magnesium alloy tansforms to a relatively strong <10-10>//ED texture with increasing strain rates. The microstructural analysis demonstrates that dislocation motion are main deformatin mode to accommodate dynamic tensile deformation at high strain rates. In addition, the interactions of dislocation-dislocation and dislocation-second phase lead to the increase of flow stress and strain hardening with increasing strain rate.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2020.02.013} (DOI). Yu, J.; Song, B.; Xia, D.; Zeng, X.; Huang, Y.; Hort, N.; Mao, P.; Liu, Z.: Dynamic tensile properties and microstructural evolution of extruded EW75 magnesium alloy at high strain rates. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys. 2020. vol. 8, no. 3, 849-859. DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2020.02.013}}
@misc{zhu_optimized_methods_2020, 
author={Zhu, L.,Yu, J.,Van Dam, B.,Cao, H.,Pu, Y.,Shi, W.,Qin, B.},
title={Optimized methods for diffusive greenhouse gas flux analyses in inland waters},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06436-9},
abstract = {Inland waters are considered hotspots of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and have been extensively researched. Static chamber (STAT) and thin boundary layer (BLE) are two commonly used methods for analyzing diffusive GHG emissions from inland waters. However, the STAT method is often disturbed by GHG bubbles; meanwhile, many kinds of headspace gas are used in the BLE method, but the differences between their diffusive GHG emission analysis results are not understood. In this study, the chamber in the STAT method was modified to combat the disturbances from GHG bubbles, and the typically used gases for the BLE method, namely, pure nitrogen, air, and filtered air, were comparatively studied. Results demonstrated that the modified chamber could effectively prevent the invasion of GHG bubbles; it increased the success rate from 67 to 90% in the field test, with no obvious impacts on the results of the GHG emission analyses. The use of air and filtered air in the BLE method yielded the lower values of GHG emissions relative to pure nitrogen, and this finding was potentially attributed to the inhibition effects of the residual GHGs and high humidity in air and filtered air on the extraction of diffusive GHGs from the surface water. This study improved the commonly used methods for diffusive GHG emission analysis, and the current findings are beneficial to the study of GHG emissions from inland waters.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06436-9} (DOI). Zhu, L.; Yu, J.; Van Dam, B.; Cao, H.; Pu, Y.; Shi, W.; Qin, B.: Optimized methods for diffusive greenhouse gas flux analyses in inland waters. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020. vol. 27, no. 21, 25870-25876. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06436-9}}
@misc{zeller_carbonateassociated_organic_2020, 
author={Zeller, M.,Van Dam, B.,Lopes, C.,Kominoski, J.},
title={Carbonate-Associated Organic Matter Is a Detectable Dissolved Organic Matter Source in a Subtropical Seagrass Meadow},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.580284},
abstract = {Seagrasses can enhance carbonate sediment dissolution on diel timescales through oxidation of the rhizosphere and production of acidic exudates of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Carbonates can also associate with DOM either from biogenesis or later adsorption. However, the impact of mineral dissolution on the release of carbonate-associated DOM and on surface water DOM quantity and quality is unclear. We analyzed sub-daily changes in EEMS-PARAFAC components (excitation-emission matrices with parallel factor analysis), fluorescence, and absorbance properties of surface waters over adjacent low- and high-density (LD and HD) Thalassia testudinum seagrass meadows in Florida Bay, United States. We compared fluorescent DOM characteristics of seagrass leaves, acidified (dissolved) sediment leachates, and surface water samples collected from the HD and LD sites with surface water from a nearby mangrove island. The HD site was higher in humic-like PARAFAC components, specific ultraviolet absorbance, and humification index. We did not observe changes in EEMs indices or PARAFAC components with cumulative photosynthetically active radiation, indicating that photodegradation was unlikely to contribute to temporal variability in DOM. Similarities among DOM optical properties from acidified sediment leachates and surface waters at both sites suggest the importance of carbonate dissolution/reprecipitation for DOM cycling, while seagrass leaf leachates were markedly dissimilar to surface waters. We observed similarities among the acidified sediment leachate, surface water, and porewater elsewhere in Florida Bay, indicating dynamic coupling between these DOM pools. From this short study, Florida Bay DOM cycling appears to be more sensitive to carbonate dissolution than to additional photodegradation or authigenic seagrass leaching.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.580284} (DOI). Zeller, M.; Van Dam, B.; Lopes, C.; Kominoski, J.: Carbonate-Associated Organic Matter Is a Detectable Dissolved Organic Matter Source in a Subtropical Seagrass Meadow. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2020. vol. 7, 580284. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.580284}}
@misc{zhu_algal_accumulation_2020, 
author={Zhu, L.,Shi, W.,Van Dam, B.,Kong, L.,Yu, J.,Qin, B.},
title={Algal Accumulation Decreases Sediment Nitrogen Removal by Uncoupling Nitrification-Denitrification in Shallow Eutrophic Lakes},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05549},
abstract = {In eutrophic lakes, the decay of settled algal biomass generates organic carbon and consumes oxygen, favoring sediment nitrogen loss via denitrification. However, persistent winds can cause algae to accumulate into dense mats, with uncertain impacts on sediment nitrogen removal. In this study, we investigated the effects of algal accumulation on sediment nitrogen removal in a shallow and eutrophic Chinese lake, Taihu. We found that experimental treatments of increased algal accumulation were associated with decreased sediment nitrogen losses, indicating the potential for a break in coupled nitrification-denitrification. Likewise, field measurements indicated similar decreases in sediment nitrogen losses when algal accumulation occurred. It is possibly caused by the decay of excess algal biomass, which likely depleted dissolved oxygen, and could have inhibited nitrification and thereby denitrification in sediments. We estimate that if such algal accumulations occurred over 20% or 10% of lake area in Taihu, sediment nitrogen removal rates decreased from 835.6 to 167.2 and 77.2 μmol N m–2h–1, respectively, during algal accumulation period. While nitrogen removal may recover later, the apparent nitrogen removal decrease may create a window for algal proliferation and intensification. This study advances our knowledge on the impacts of algal blooms on nitrogen removal in shallow eutrophic lakes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05549} (DOI). Zhu, L.; Shi, W.; Van Dam, B.; Kong, L.; Yu, J.; Qin, B.: Algal Accumulation Decreases Sediment Nitrogen Removal by Uncoupling Nitrification-Denitrification in Shallow Eutrophic Lakes. Environmental Science and Technology. 2020. vol. 54, no. 10, 6194-6201. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05549}}
@misc{haase_in_vivo_2020, 
author={Haase, T.,Klopfleisch, R.,Krost, A.,Sauter, T.,Kratz, K.,Peter, J.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.,Zohlnhöfer, D.,Rüder, C.},
title={In vivo biocompatibility study of degradable homo- versus multiblock copolymers and their (micro)structure compared to an established biomaterial},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-190748},
abstract = {Copolyetheresterurethane (PDC) is a biodegradable, shape-memory biomaterial, which has been shown to be of low toxicity and pro-angiogenic in vitro. In the present study we examined the in vivo compatibility of PDC as a compression molded film and as electrospun scaffolds and its well established constituent, the homopolymer poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO), which were compared with the clinically used poly[(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropene] (PVDF) as reference material. The materials were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of mice and the host responses were analyzed histologically 7 and 28 days after implantation. All materials induced a foreign body response (FRB) including the induction of foreign body giant cells and a peripheral fibrous capsule. PDC, PPDO and PVDF films showed no signs of degradation after 28 days. PDC films showed a significantly reduced associated macrophage layer and fibrous capsule on their surface. Few fragments of PDC and PPDO scaffolds were present at the implantation site, while PVDF scaffolds were still present in large amounts at day 28. Especially aligned electrospun PDC scaffold induced a significantly thinner fibrous and a slightly reduced inflammatory response after 28 days of implantation. In addition, only PDC aligned fibrous scaffold structures induced a significant increase in angiogenesis. In summary, PDC films outperformed PPDO and PVDF films in terms of compatibility, especially in capsule and macrophage layer thickness. Through microstructuring of PDC and PPDO into scaffolds an almost complete degradation was observed after 28 days, while their respective films remained almost unchanged. However, the capsule thickness of all scaffolds was comparable to the films after 28 days. Finally, the parallel arrangement of PDC fibers enabled a strong enhancement of angiogenesis within the scaffold. Hence, material chemistries influence overall compatibility in vivo, while angiogenesis could be influenced more strongly by microstructural parameters than chemical ones.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-190748} (DOI). Haase, T.; Klopfleisch, R.; Krost, A.; Sauter, T.; Kratz, K.; Peter, J.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.; Zohlnhöfer, D.; Rüder, C.: In vivo biocompatibility study of degradable homo- versus multiblock copolymers and their (micro)structure compared to an established biomaterial. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2020. vol. 75, no. 2, 163-176. DOI: 10.3233/CH-190748}}
@misc{zhang_bioaccumulation_and_2020, 
author={Zhang, L.,Yan, W.,Xie, Z.,Cai, G.,Mi, W.,Xu, W.},
title={Bioaccumulation and changes of trace metals over the last two decades in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.05.007},
abstract = {Trace metal (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) exposures, distribution and bioaccumulation were investigated in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China. The results showed that all of the selected metals were observed in marine organisms with a predomination of Cu and Zn. The metal exposure levels exhibited obvious variations between species with the decreasing order of crab>shellfish>shrimp>fish. The higher metals enrichment seen in shellfish and crab species primarily attributed to their living habits and the higher sediment background values of trace metals. Endpoint bioaccumulation factor (BAFfd) was used to characterize the bioaccumulation potentials of marine organisms to trace metals, of which Cu and Zn were the most accumulated elements. The exposure of trace metals in the cultured organisms was far lower than those in wild marine organisms, which is probably due to the effect of growth dilution. Comparisons with previous studies demonstrated that the concentration profiles of most trace metals declined over the last one to two decades, except Cu, that increased indistinctively.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.05.007} (DOI). Zhang, L.; Yan, W.; Xie, Z.; Cai, G.; Mi, W.; Xu, W.: Bioaccumulation and changes of trace metals over the last two decades in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2020. vol. 98, 103-108. DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.05.007}}
@misc{neumann_quantifying_the_2020, 
author={Neumann, D.,Karl, M.,Radtke, H.,Matthias, V.,Friedland, R.,Neumann, T.},
title={Quantifying the contribution of shipping NOx emissions to the marine nitrogen inventory – a case study for the western Baltic Sea},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-115-2020},
abstract = {The western Baltic Sea is impacted by various anthropogenic activities and stressed by high riverine and atmospheric nutrient loads. Atmospheric deposition accounts for up to a third of the nitrogen input into the Baltic Sea and contributes to eutrophication. Amongst other emission sources, the shipping sector is a relevant contributor to the atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOX) in marine regions. Thus, it also contributes to atmospheric deposition of bioavailable oxidized nitrogen into the Baltic Sea. In this study, the contribution of shipping emissions to the nitrogen budget in the western Baltic Sea is evaluated with the coupled three-dimensional physical biogeochemical model MOM–ERGOM (Modular Ocean Model–Ecological ReGional Ocean Model) in order to assess the relevance of shipping emissions for eutrophication. The atmospheric input of bioavailable nitrogen impacts eutrophication differently depending on the time and place of input. The shipping sector contributes up to 5 % to the total nitrogen concentrations in the water. The impact of shipping-related nitrogen is highest in the offshore regions distant from the coast in early summer, but its contribution is considerably reduced during blooms of cyanobacteria in late summer because the cyanobacteria fix molecular nitrogen. Although absolute shipping-related total nitrogen concentrations are high in some coastal regions, the relative contribution of the shipping sector is low in the vicinity of the coast because of high riverine nutrient loads.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-115-2020} (DOI). Neumann, D.; Karl, M.; Radtke, H.; Matthias, V.; Friedland, R.; Neumann, T.: Quantifying the contribution of shipping NOx emissions to the marine nitrogen inventory – a case study for the western Baltic Sea. Ocean Science. 2020. vol. 16, no. 1, 115-134. DOI: 10.5194/os-16-115-2020}}
@misc{zhang_sizesegregated_characteristics_2020, 
author={Zhang, F.,Guo, H.,Chen, Y.,Matthias, V.,Zhang, Y.,Yang, X.,Chen, J.},
title={Size-segregated characteristics of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter in particulate matter (PM) emitted from different types of ships in China},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1549-2020},
abstract = {Studies of detailed chemical compositions in particles with different size ranges emitted from ships are in serious shortage. In this study, size-segregated distributions and characteristics of particle mass, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), 16 EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 25 n-alkanes measured aboard 12 different vessels in China are presented. The results showed the following. (1) More than half of the total particle mass, OC, EC, PAHs and n-alkanes were concentrated in fine particles with aerodynamic diameter (Dp) < 1.1 µm for most of the tested ships. The relative contributions of OC, EC, PAH and alkanes to the size-segregated particle mass are decreasing with the increase in particle size. However, different types of ships showed quite different particle-size-dependent chemical compositions. (2) In fine particles, the OC and EC were the dominant components, while in coarse particles, OC and EC only accounted for very small proportions. With the increase in particle size, the OC / EC ratios first decreased and then increased, having the lowest values for particle sizes between 0.43 and 1.1 µm. (3) Out of the four OC fragments and three EC fragments obtained in thermal–optical analysis, OC1, OC2 and OC3 were the dominant OC fragments for all the tested ships, while EC1 and EC2 were the main EC fragments for ships running on heavy fuel oil (HFO) and marine-diesel fuel, respectively; different OC and EC fragments presented different distributions in different particle sizes. (4) The four-stroke low-power diesel fishing boat (4-LDF) had much higher PAH emission ratios than the four-stroke high-power marine-diesel vessel (4-HMV) and two-stroke high-power heavy-fuel-oil vessel (2-HHV) in fine particles, and 2-HHV had the lowest values. (5) PAHs and n-alkanes showed different profile patterns for different types of ships and also between different particle-size bins, which meant that the particle size should be considered when source apportionment is conducted. It is also noteworthy from the results in this study that the smaller the particle size, the more toxic the particle was, especially for the fishing boats in China.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1549-2020} (DOI). Zhang, F.; Guo, H.; Chen, Y.; Matthias, V.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, X.; Chen, J.: Size-segregated characteristics of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter in particulate matter (PM) emitted from different types of ships in China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020. vol. 20, no. 3, 1549-1564. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-1549-2020}}
@misc{fu_mechanical_behaviors_2020, 
author={Fu, Y.,Huang, Y.,Liu, Z.,Guo, R.,Li, S.},
title={Mechanical behaviors of novel multiple principal elements CuAl10Fe5Ni5Mn1.2 wt% with micro-nano structures},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155993},
abstract = {A multiple principal elements CuAl10Fe5Ni5Mn1.2 alloy is widely used in the bearing bracket of high speed railway, nuclear power and marine engineering. In traditional metal materials, the evolution of strength and elongation are mutually inconsistent. The multiple principal elements CuAl10Fe5Ni5Mn1.2(wt%) alloy shows the simultaneous improvement of strength and toughness. The present work has systematically studied the strengthening and plasticity behaviors of CuAl10Fe5Ni5Mn1.2(wt%) alloy under complex stirring. The mechanisms responsible for both increasing its strength and plasticity were clarified. It is found that the properties of novel Al10Fe5Ni5Mn1.2 (wt%) alloy are better than other aluminum bronze alloys. Its Rm is 729 MPa, A5.65 is 16% and yield strength (Rp0.2) is 382 MPa. K phases with nano structures distribute in the grains boundaries complete boundaries strengthening. Schmid factor for the basal slip system is from 0.3 to 0.5, which could largely contribute to grain boundary migration and grain rotation. Twinning deformation is initiated and it can open the low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and media angle grain boundaries (MAGBs), so the proper combination of strain hardening and plastic deformation enables CuAl10Fe5Ni5Mn1.2 wt% to undergo uniform deformation with micro-nano structures, result in increasing the toughness. The solid solution forms atom scale strengthening. Nano-structures and micron K phase form nano-micro scale strengthening, respectively. Multi-scales strengthening and twinning deformation opening the LAGBs and MAGBs, resulting in increasing both strength and plasticity on the novel CuAl10Fe5Ni5Mn1.2 wt% alloy.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155993} (DOI). Fu, Y.; Huang, Y.; Liu, Z.; Guo, R.; Li, S.: Mechanical behaviors of novel multiple principal elements CuAl10Fe5Ni5Mn1.2 wt% with micro-nano structures. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2020. vol. 843, 155993. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155993}}
@misc{lee_substrateenzyme_affinitybased_2020, 
author={Lee, S.,Ganesan, R.,Krüger-Genge, A.,Kratz, K.,Franke, R.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Substrate-enzyme affinity-based surface modification strategy for endothelial cell-specific binding under shear stress},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-190736},
abstract = {Establishing an endothelial cell (EC) monolayer on top of the blood contacting surface of grafts is considered to be a promising approach for creating a hemocompatible surface. Here we utilized the high affinity interactions between the EC plasma membrane expressed enzyme called endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) and its corresponding substrate big Endothelin-1 (bigET-1) to engineer an EC-specific binding surface. Since enzymatic cleavage of substrates require physical interaction between the enzyme and its corresponding substrate, it was hypothesized that a surface with chemically immobilized synthetic bigET-1 will preferentially attract ECs over other types of cells found in vascular system such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). First, the expression of ECE-1 was significantly higher in ECs, and ECs processed synthetic bigET-1 to produce ET-1 in a cell number-dependent manner. Such interaction between ECs and synthetic bigET-1 was also detectible in blood. Next, vinyl-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were established, oxidized and activated on a glass substrate as a model to immobilize synthetic bigET-1 via amide bonds. The ECs cultured on the synthetic bigET-1-immobilized surface processed larger amount of synthetic bigET-1 to produce ET-1 compared to VSMCs (102.9±5.13 vs. 9.75±0.74 pg/ml). The number of ECs bound to the synthetic bigET-1-immobilized surface during 1 h of shearing (5dyne/cm2) was approximately 3-fold higher than that of VSMCs (46.25±12.61 vs. 15.25±3.69 cells/100×HPF). EC-specific binding of synthetic bigET-1-immobilized surface over a surface modified with collagen, a common substance for cell adhesion, was also observed. The present study demonstrated that using the substrate-enzyme affinity (SEA) of cell type-specific enzyme and its corresponding substrate can be an effective method to engineer a surface preferentially binds specific type of cells. This novel strategy might open a new route toward rapid endothelialization under dynamic conditions supporting the long-term patency of cardiovascular implants.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-190736} (DOI). Lee, S.; Ganesan, R.; Krüger-Genge, A.; Kratz, K.; Franke, R.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Substrate-enzyme affinity-based surface modification strategy for endothelial cell-specific binding under shear stress. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2020. vol. 75, no. 1, 85-98. DOI: 10.3233/CH-190736}}
@misc{mi_occurrence_and_2019, 
author={Mi, L.,Xie, Z.,Zhao, Z.,Zhong, M.,Mi, W.,Ebinghaus, R.,Tang, J.},
title={Occurrence and spatial distribution of phthalate esters in sediments of the Bohai and Yellow seas},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.438},
abstract = {Phthalate esters (PEs) are a class of synthetic chemicals that have been widely used as plasticizers in industrial products and households. The occurrence of PEs in the marine environment has been a concern for many years because of their adverse impacts on marine organisms and human health. In this study, six major PEs, i.e. diethyl phthalate (DEP), di‑isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di‑n‑butyl phthalate (DnBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and di‑(2‑ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), were analyzed in sediment samples collected in the Bohai and Yellow seas. The sum concentrations of the six PEs ranged from 1.4 to 24.6 ng/g and the average was 9.1 ng/g. The highest concentrations of PEs in the sediment samples were those of DEHP with a median concentration of 3.77 ng/g, followed by DiBP (median, 1.60 ng/g), DnBP (0.91 ng/g), DEP (0.32 ng/g), BBP (0.03 ng/g) and DCHP (0.01 ng/g). Generally, concentrations of PEs in the Bohai Sea are higher than those in the Yellow Sea. The varying spatial distributions of the individual PEs can be the result of discharge sources, regional ocean circulation patterns, and mud areas in the Bohai and Yellow seas. Significant positive correlations were found between total organic carbon content and the concentrations of DiBP, DnBP, and DEHP. It is estimated that the inventories of the ∑6PEs were 20.73 tons in the Bohai Sea and 65.87 tons in the Yellow Sea. Both riverine discharge and atmospheric deposition are major input sources for the PE sedimentation, while massive plastic litter and microplastics sinking to the ocean floor can directly release PEs into sediment. This study provides an appropriate data set for the assessment of the risk of PEs to the marine ecosystem.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.438} (DOI). Mi, L.; Xie, Z.; Zhao, Z.; Zhong, M.; Mi, W.; Ebinghaus, R.; Tang, J.: Occurrence and spatial distribution of phthalate esters in sediments of the Bohai and Yellow seas. Science of the Total Environment. 2019. vol. 653, 792-800. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.438}}
@misc{reinthaler_remote_ischemic_2019, 
author={Reinthaler, M.,Jung, F.,Empen, K.},
title={Remote ischemic preconditioning of the heart: Combining lower limb ischemia and electronic stimulation oft he gastrocnemius muscle},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189303},
abstract = {BACKGROUND:,Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been demonstrated to induce potent cardioprotection in individuals experiencing coronary ischemia. A protocol combining limb ischemia and electronic muscle stimulation of the ischemic skeletal muscle (RIPC+), performed in advance of coronary artery occlusion, was superior in terms of infarct size reduction when compared to RIPC alone.,METHODS:,This study was performed to evaluate the benefit of RIPC + in humans compared to a standard RIPC protocol and a control group. Patients with a single vessel coronary artery disease undergoing elective PCI were eligible to participate in this study. ST-segment elevations from an intracoronary ECG during 3 brief episodes of coronary artery balloon occlusions/dilatation were used as the primary endpoint.,RESULTS:,ST-elevations significantly declined from the first to the third angioplasty in the control but remained at the same level in the RIPC and RIPC+groups. The RIPC group was characterized by the lowest ST-segment shift during coronary ischemia, which was comparable to coronary balloon occlusion number 3 in the control group, indicating successful preconditioning by the conventional RIPC method. In contrast, ST segment elevations were significantly higher in the RIPC + group. Troponin levels taken 24 h after the study procedure were significantly lower in the RIPC when compared to the control and the RIPC + group.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189303} (DOI). Reinthaler, M.; Jung, F.; Empen, K.: Remote ischemic preconditioning of the heart: Combining lower limb ischemia and electronic stimulation oft he gastrocnemius muscle. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2019. vol. 70, no. 4, 381-389. DOI: 10.3233/CH-189303}}
@misc{schartau_on_the_2019, 
author={Schartau, M.,Riethmueller, R.,Floeser, G.,Beusekom, J.E.E.van,Krasemann, H.,Hofmeister, R.,Wirtz, K.},
title={On the separation between inorganic and organic fractions of suspended matter in a marine coastal environment},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.12.011},
abstract = {A central aspect of coastal biogeochemistry is to determine how nutrients, lithogenic and organic matter are distributed and transformed within coastal and estuarine environments. Analyses of the spatio-temporal changes of total suspended matter (TSM) concentration indicate strong and variable linkages between intertidal fringes and pelagic regions. In particular, knowledge about the organic fraction of TSM provides insight to how biogenic and lithogenic particulate matter are distributed in suspension. In our study we take advantage of a set of over 3000 in situ Loss on Ignition (LoI) data from the Southern North Sea that represent fractions of particulate organic matter (POM) relative to TSM (LoI POM:TSM). We introduce a parameterization (POM-TSM model) that distinguishes between two POM fractions incorporated in TSM. One fraction is described in association with mineral particles. The other represents a seasonally varying fresh pool of POM. The performance of the POM-TSM model is tested against data derived from MERIS/ENVISAT-TSM products of the German Bight. Our analysis of remote sensing data exhibits specific qualitative features of TSM that can be attributed to distinct coastal zones. Most interestingly, a transition zone between the Wadden Sea and seasonally stratified regions of the Southern North Sea is identified where mineral associated POM appears in concentrations comparable to those of freshly produced POM. We will discuss how this transition is indicative for a zone of effective particle interaction and sedimentation.The dimension of this transition zone varies between seasons and with location. Our proposed POM-TSM model is generic and can be calibrated against in situ data of other coastal regions.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.12.011} (DOI). Schartau, M.; Riethmueller, R.; Floeser, G.; Beusekom, J.; Krasemann, H.; Hofmeister, R.; Wirtz, K.: On the separation between inorganic and organic fractions of suspended matter in a marine coastal environment. Progress in Oceanography. 2019. vol. 171, 231-250. DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2018.12.011}}
@misc{arndt_quantification_of_2019, 
author={Arndt, J.A.,Aulinger, A.,Matthias, V.},
title={Quantification of lightning-induced nitrogen oxide emissions over Europe},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.059},
abstract = {In this study, the importance of lightning-generated NO over Europe in the year 2010 is assessed with the COSMO-CCLM - SMOKE-EU - CMAQ chemistry transport modeling system. Lightning data from TRMM satellite flash density data climatologies are taken and linearly fitted to convective precipitation climatologies. With the resulting linear model, lightning activity in 2010 is calculated based on the convective precipitation rate from model data. This approach combines the globally available satellite observations with the simplicity of linear convective rain parameterizations. It provides a new method for fitting lightning data for linear flash density parameterizations. Compared to other linear flash rate approaches or the very common cloud top height parameterization, the data for 2010 derived by the climatologies and actual 2010 precipitation data better matches the TRMM observation data. Lightning was found to be the second most important natural source after nitrogen monoxide emission from soil, with an annual average amount of 0.295 Tg N per year and an amount in 2010 of 0.278 Tg N. While it is less important for near-surface concentrations, it has a considerable effect on the nitrogen deposition in southern and eastern Europe and a large effect on the NO2 concentration in higher model layers. The effect in higher atmospheric layers over eastern Europe is 6 times larger than the effect of aircrafts on the air concentration of NO2 in the mid- and high altitudes. Comparisons with NO2 observations from the OMI satellite revealed that lightning NO emissions have an observable impact on the NO2 column density over Europe.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.059} (DOI). Arndt, J.; Aulinger, A.; Matthias, V.: Quantification of lightning-induced nitrogen oxide emissions over Europe. Atmospheric Environment. 2019. vol. 202, 128-141. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.059}}
@misc{karl_impact_of_2019, 
author={Karl, M.,Bieser, J.,Geyer, B.,Matthias, V.,Jalkanen, J.-P.,Johansson, L.,Fridell, E.},
title={Impact of a NECA on future air quality},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1721-2019},
abstract = {Air pollution due to shipping is a serious concern for coastal regions in Europe. Shipping emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in air over the Baltic Sea are of similar magnitude (330 kt yr−1) as the combined land-based NOx emissions from Finland and Sweden in all emission sectors. Deposition of nitrogen compounds originating from shipping activities contribute to eutrophication of the Baltic Sea and coastal areas in the Baltic Sea region. For the North Sea and the Baltic Sea a nitrogen emission control area (NECA) will become effective in 2021; in accordance with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) target of reducing NOx emissions from ships. Future scenarios for 2040 were designed to study the effect of enforced and planned regulation of ship emissions and the fuel efficiency development on air quality and nitrogen deposition. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was used to simulate the current and future air quality situation. The meteorological fields, the emissions from ship traffic and the emissions from land-based sources were considered at a grid resolution of 4×4 km2 for the Baltic Sea region in nested CMAQ simulations. Model simulations for the present-day (2012) air quality show that shipping emissions are the major contributor to atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations over the Baltic Sea. In the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, with the introduction of the NECA, NOx emissions from ship traffic in the Baltic Sea are reduced by about 80 % in 2040. An approximate linear relationship was found between ship emissions of NOx and the simulated levels of annual average NO2 over the Baltic Sea in the year 2040, when following different future shipping scenarios. The burden of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over the Baltic Sea region is predicted to decrease by 35 %–37 % between 2012 and 2040. The reduction in PM2.5 is larger over sea, where it drops by 50 %–60 % along the main shipping routes, and is smaller over the coastal areas. The introduction of NECA is critical for reducing ship emissions of NOx to levels that are low enough to sustainably dampen ozone (O3) production in the Baltic Sea region. A second important effect of the NECA over the Baltic Sea region is the reduction in secondary formation of particulate nitrate. This lowers the ship-related PM2.5 by 72 % in 2040 compared to the present day, while it is reduced by only 48 % without implementation of the NECA. The effect of a lower fuel efficiency development on the absolute ship contribution of air pollutants is limited. Still, the annual mean ship contributions in 2040 to NO2, sulfur dioxide and PM2.5 and daily maximum O3 are significantly higher if a slower fuel efficiency development is assumed. Nitrogen deposition to the seawater of the Baltic Sea decreases on average by 40 %–44 % between 2012 and 2040 in the simulations. The effect of the NECA on nitrogen deposition is most significant in the western part of the Baltic Sea. It will be important to closely monitor compliance of individual ships with the enforced and planned emission regulations.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1721-2019} (DOI). Karl, M.; Bieser, J.; Geyer, B.; Matthias, V.; Jalkanen, J.; Johansson, L.; Fridell, E.: Impact of a NECA on future air quality. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2019. vol. 19, no. 3, 1721-1752. DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-1721-2019}}
@misc{mllernavarra_evolution_of_2019, 
author={Müller-Navarra, K.,Milker, Y.,Bunzel, D.,Lindhorst, S.,Friedrich, J.,Arz, H.,Schmiedl, G.},
title={Evolution of a salt marsh in the southeastern North Sea region – Anthropogenic and natural forcing},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.12.022},
abstract = {Salt-marsh sediments of the southeastern North Sea provide an archive to unravel the influences of coastal management and natural processes such as storm-tide deposition on salt-marsh development. We present a record of salt-marsh evolution during the past century from the Bay of Tümlau (northwestern Germany) based on fossil foraminiferal assemblages and sedimentological data. After diking the hinterland of the Bay of Tümlau in 1935 CE and commencing marsh management, the environment at the study site changed from a tidal flat to a salt marsh. Salt-marsh sediment accretion is influenced by recurrent dredging events, as indicated by layers rich in calcareous tidal-flat foraminifera, and redeposition of siliciclastic particles from the surrounding tidal flats during storm tides. The latter fostered the establishment of a typical salt-marsh foraminiferal fauna dominated by the agglutinating species Entzia macrescens. Storm-tide layers have a lighter sediment color and commonly a more negatively skewed grain-size distribution with variable sorting. The observed long-term coarsening of the salt-marsh sediment likely reflects the landward progression of the vertical erosional cliff and the depletion of fine-grained sediment particles in the tidal flats under the influence of sea-level rise. Supra-tidal conditions, resulting from natural protection measures and abandonment of dredging, are indicated by the occurrence of Balticammina pseudomacrescens around 2001 CE. This species is adapted to only occasional submergence during storm tides. The recent increase in elevation is accompanied by establishment of high-marsh vegetation and characterized by a present height of the marsh surface 50 cm above mean high water springs. During the past sixty years, average sediment accretion rates decreased from 18 to 11 mm yr−1 reflecting the maturing of the salt marsh. These rates clearly outpace the recent mean sea-level rise in the southern North Sea demonstrating that the regional salt marshes are still resilient to sea-level rise.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.12.022} (DOI). Müller-Navarra, K.; Milker, Y.; Bunzel, D.; Lindhorst, S.; Friedrich, J.; Arz, H.; Schmiedl, G.: Evolution of a salt marsh in the southeastern North Sea region – Anthropogenic and natural forcing. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2019. vol. 218, 268-277. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2018.12.022}}
@misc{retzmann_a_combined_2019, 
author={Retzmann, A.,Blanz, M.,Zitek, A.,Irrgeher, J.,Feldmann, J.,Teschler-Nicola, M.,Prohaska, T.},
title={A combined chemical imaging approach using (MC) LA-ICP-MS and NIR-HSI to evaluate the diagenetic status of bone material for Sr isotope analysis},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1489-5},
abstract = {This paper presents a combination of elemental and isotopic spatial distribution imaging with near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) to evaluate the diagenetic status of skeletal remains. The aim is to assess how areas with biogenic n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) isotope-amount ratios may be identified in bone material, an important recorder complementary to teeth. Elemental (C, P, Ca, Sr) and isotopic (n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)) imaging were accomplished via laser ablation (LA) coupled in a split stream to a quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-QMS) and a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC ICP-MS) (abbreviation for the combined method LASS ICP-QMS/MC ICP-MS). Biogenic areas on the bone cross section, which remained unaltered by diagenetic processes, were localized using chemical indicators (I(C)/I(Ca) and I(C) × 10/I(P) intensity ratios) and NIR-HSI at a wavelength of 1410 nm to identify preserved collagen. The n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) isotope signature analyzed in these areas was in agreement with the biogenic bulk signal revealed by solubility profiling used as an independent method for validation. Elevated C intensities in the outer rim of the bone, caused by either precipitated secondary minerals or adsorbed humic materials, could be identified as indication for diagenetic alteration. These areas also show a different n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) isotopic composition. Therefore, the combination of NIR-HSI and LASS ICP-QMS/MC ICP-MS allows for the determination of preserved biogenic n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) isotope-amount ratios, if the original biogenic material has not been entirely replaced by diagenetic material.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1489-5} (DOI). Retzmann, A.; Blanz, M.; Zitek, A.; Irrgeher, J.; Feldmann, J.; Teschler-Nicola, M.; Prohaska, T.: A combined chemical imaging approach using (MC) LA-ICP-MS and NIR-HSI to evaluate the diagenetic status of bone material for Sr isotope analysis. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2019. vol. 411, no. 3, 565-580. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1489-5}}
@misc{reese_extreme_spatial_2019, 
author={Reese, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Proefrock, D.,Irrgeher, J.},
title={Extreme spatial variation of Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic signatures and 48 element mass fractions in surface sediment of the Elbe River Estuary - Suitable tracers for processes in dynamic environments?},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.401},
abstract = {The Elbe River has been long considered as one of the most anthropogenically impacted rivers in Europe. Its estuary is characterized by strong tidal effects, continuous dredging and dumping of sediment, and intense ship traffic between the North Sea and the Port of Hamburg. The aim of this study was to elucidate if a combined multi-element fingerprinting and isotopic tracer approach represented a suitable tool to investigate transport and mixing processes of inorganic contaminants within a complex and highly dynamic estuarine environment.,A total of 37 surface sediment samples from the tidal Elbe were characterized in a comprehensive survey by determining the mass fractions of 48 elements and the isotopic signatures of stable Sr, Nd and Pb. Statistical data analysis resolved four discrete clusters of sampling locations in the estuary: One cluster upstream of the city of Hamburg, two clusters within the mixing zone between Hamburg and the mouth of the Elbe Estuary and one cluster in the mouth of the Estuary. River sediment entering the estuary carry significantly higher loads of metals (e.g. Cu, Zn, Sb, Cd and Pb), which are rapidly “diluted” by lower elemental mass fractions in marine sediment on a remarkably small regional scale. The cluster within the mouth of the estuary is mainly characterized by extreme isotopic variations of n(208Pb)/n(204Pb) ranging from 38.67 ± 0.15 to 73.86 ± 0.29, beside high mass fractions of U, Th, and some rare-earth elements. Determined Pb isotope ratios are among the highest reported values for terrestrial materials.,This study indicates the general potential of combined element fingerprinting and isotope tracer approaches to elucidate processes in complex river systems. Furthermore, it represents an initial characterization of the catchment area of the Elbe River as basis for future studies on river and harbor management.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.401} (DOI). Reese, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Proefrock, D.; Irrgeher, J.: Extreme spatial variation of Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic signatures and 48 element mass fractions in surface sediment of the Elbe River Estuary - Suitable tracers for processes in dynamic environments?. Science of the Total Environment. 2019. vol. 668, 512-523. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.401}}
@misc{krgergenge_endothelial_cell_2019, 
author={Krüger-Genge, A.,Dietze, S.,Yan, W.,Liu, Y.,Fang, L.,Kratz, K.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Endothelial cell migration, adhesion and proliferation on different polymeric substrates},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189317},
abstract = {BACKGROUND:,The formation of a functionally-confluent endothelial cell (EC) monolayer affords proliferation of EC, which only happens in case of appropriate migratory activity.,AIM OF THE STUDY:,The migratory pathway of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) was investigated on different polymeric substrates.,MATERIAL AND METHODS:,Surface characterization of the polymers was performed by contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy under wet conditions. 30,000 HUVEC per well were seeded on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (θadv = 119°±2°), on low-attachment plate LAP (θadv = 28°±2°) and on polystyrene based tissue culture plates (TCP, θadv = 22°±1°). HUVEC tracks (trajectories) were recorded by time lapse microscopy and the euclidean distance (straight line between starting and end point), the total distance and the velocities of HUVEC not leaving the vision field were determined.,RESULTS:,On PTFE, 42 HUVEC were in the vision field directly after seeding. The mean length of single migration steps (SML) was 6.1±5.2 μm, the mean velocity (MV) 0.40±0.3 μm·min-1 and the complete length of the trajectory (LT) was 710±440 μm. On TCP 82 HUVEC were in the vision field subsequent to seeding. The LT was 840±550 μm, the SML 6.1±5.2 μm and the MV 0.44±0.3 μm·min-1. The trajectories on LAP differed significantly in respect to SML (2.4±3.9 μm, p < 0.05), the MV (0.16±0.3 μm·min-1, p < 0.05) and the LT (410±300 μm, p < 0.05), compared to PTFE and TCP. Solely on TCP a nearly confluent EC monolayer developed after three days. While on TCP diffuse signals of vinculin were found over the whole basal cell surface organizing the binding of the cells by focal adhesions, on PTFE vinculin was merely arranged at the cell rims, and on the hydrophilic material (LAP) no focal adhesions were found.,CONCLUSION:,The study revealed that the wettability of polymers affected not only the initial adherence but also the migration of EC, which is of importance for the proliferation and ultimately the endothelialization of polymer-based biomaterials.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189317} (DOI). Krüger-Genge, A.; Dietze, S.; Yan, W.; Liu, Y.; Fang, L.; Kratz, K.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Endothelial cell migration, adhesion and proliferation on different polymeric substrates. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2019. vol. 70, no. 4, 511-529. DOI: 10.3233/CH-189317}}
@misc{zimmermann_matrix_separation_2019, 
author={Zimmermann, T.,Retzmann, A.,Schober, M.,Proefrock, D.,Prohaska, T.,Irrgeher, J.},
title={Matrix separation of Sr and Pb for isotopic ratio analysis of Ca-rich samples via an automated simultaneous separation procedure},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2018.11.009},
abstract = {This paper presents a systematic investigation of the effects of Ca on the matrix separation of Sr and Pb and subsequent isotope-amount ratio measurements using a variety of synthetic solutions and reference materials with varying Ca content during the application of an automated analyte/matrix separation approach. The separation method based on the DGA resin was optimized by using increased column bed volumes, comparing two different column sizes (1-mL and 3-mL-bed volume). Certified reference materials (synthetic calcium carbonate – MACS-3, basalt – BCR-2, saggital otolith – FEBS-1, bone meal – NIST SRM 1486, bone ash – NIST SRM 1400, and skim milk powder – BCR-063R) with varying Ca content, Ca/Sr and Ca/Pb mass fraction ratios were separated using the optimized method and analyzed for the Sr and Pb isotopic composition by multi collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC ICP-MS). The developed separation method based on the 3-mL-bed volume column provides quantitative recoveries (84% to 105% for Sr, 77 % to 96% for Pb), while maintaining a quantitative separation of Sr and Pb. Procedural blank levels were <0.04 ng g−1 for Sr and <0.05 ng g−1 for Pb, respectively. The method allows for the automated extraction of Sr in Ca-rich matrices with Ca/Sr mass fraction ratios of up to 4051 corresponding to an absolute Ca load of 965 µg ± 86 µg (BCR-063R, milk powder). Furthermore, the method allows for the simultaneous extraction of Pb from these matrices showing Ca/Pb mass fraction ratios of up to 42095 corresponding to an absolute Ca load of 761 µg ± 122 µg on column (NIST SRM 1400, bone tissue), respectively.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2018.11.009} (DOI). Zimmermann, T.; Retzmann, A.; Schober, M.; Proefrock, D.; Prohaska, T.; Irrgeher, J.: Matrix separation of Sr and Pb for isotopic ratio analysis of Ca-rich samples via an automated simultaneous separation procedure. Spectrochimica Acta  B. 2019. vol. 151, 54-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2018.11.009}}
@misc{shin_magnetocardiography_scoring_2019, 
author={Shin, E.-S.,Park, S.G.,Saleh, A.,Lam, Y.-Y.,Bhak, J.,Jung, F.,Morita, S.,Brachmann, J.},
title={Magnetocardiography scoring system to predict the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189301},
abstract = {BACKGROUND:,Magnetocardiography (MCG) has been proposed as a non-invasive and functional technique with high accuracy for diagnosis of myocardial ischemia.,OBJECTIVE:,This study sought to develop a novel scoring system of MCG for predicting the presence of significant obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).,METHODS:,In a training set of 108 subjects, predictors of ≥70% stenosis in at least one major coronary vessel were prospectively identified from MCG variables. The final model was then retrospectively validated in a separate set of 45 subjects.,RESULTS:,In the multivariable logistic regression, among those in the training set, elevated scores were predictive of ≥70% stenosis in all subjects (OR: 40.85; 95% CI: 6.28–265.90; p < 0.001). In the validation set, the score had an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.91 (p < 0.001) for ≥70% stenosis. At an optimal cutoff, the score had 89% sensitivity, 77% specificity, 74% positive predictive value (PPV), 91% negative predictive value (NPV), and 82% accuracy for ≥70% stenosis. Partitioning the score into three levels of predicted risk, 91% of subjects could be identified or excluding CAD (81% PPV and 84% NPV).,CONCLUSION:,We described an MCG score with high accuracy for predicting the presence of anatomically significant CAD.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189301} (DOI). Shin, E.; Park, S.; Saleh, A.; Lam, Y.; Bhak, J.; Jung, F.; Morita, S.; Brachmann, J.: Magnetocardiography scoring system to predict the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2019. vol. 70, no. 4, 365-373. DOI: 10.3233/CH-189301}}
@misc{dasilva_vuebox_perfusion_2019, 
author={da Silva, N.P.B.,Jung, E.M.,Jung, F.,Schlitt, H.J.,Hornung, M.},
title={VueBox® perfusion analysis of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) examinations in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism for preoperative detection of parathyroid gland adenoma},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189307},
abstract = {AIM:,Aim of this study was to firstly describe reproducible, objective perfusion parameters of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) kinetics of parathyroid gland adenoma (PA) using perfusion analysis software (VueBox®, Bracco, Italy). Thereby the efficiency of quantitative CEUS for characterization of PA should be evaluated comparing US to postoperative histopathological findings after PA resection.,MATERIAL AND METHODS:,42 patients with symptoms/lab work suggestive of pHPT presented a parathyroid gland lesion in B-mode US, which was consequently analyzed by dynamic CEUS. CEUS was performed by one experienced examiner after i.v.-injection of max. 2.4 ml sulphurhexaflouride microbubbles saving digital DICOM cine loops (up to 25 s) and images. PA were evaluated during arterial, venous and late phase (up to 3 min.) for perfusion characterization. A retrospective, blinded VueBox® perfusion analysis of arterial phase of 28/42 PA was performed by a second, independent examiner placing 3 ROIs manually in the PA (center, rim of PA, surrounding thyroid gland tissue) to objectify findings. US findings were correlated to postoperative histology after PA resection.,RESULTS:,Out of 42 patients with PA findings in CEUS, perfusion analysis could be performed in 28/42 cases only as some CEUS cine loops had too much moving. In three cases the second examiner could not detect PA retrospectively, in 25 cases PA were characterized correctly resulting in a sensitivity rate of 89.3 %. VueBox® perfusion analysis confirmed that PA present a persisting hypervascularization of the rim with higher TTP (mean 7.93 s centrally, 8.36 s rim-sided), mTT (mean 56.6 s centrally, 64.5 s rim-sided) and lower PE (mean 10542.93 rm2 centrally, 8909.21 rm2 rim-sided) peripherally followed by a central wash-out during later phases. RT was comparable in all defined regions.,CONCLUSION:,VueBox® analysis of parathyroid gland CEUS examinations seemed to be a valuable tool for quantification of a PA’s perfusion and can help to detect and localize hyperfunctional parathyroid glands prior to surgery.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189307} (DOI). da Silva, N.; Jung, E.; Jung, F.; Schlitt, H.; Hornung, M.: VueBox® perfusion analysis of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) examinations in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism for preoperative detection of parathyroid gland adenoma. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2019. vol. 70, no. 4, 423-431. DOI: 10.3233/CH-189307}}
@misc{steinbrecht_metabolic_activity_2019, 
author={Steinbrecht, S.,Koenig, R.,Schmidtke, K.-U.,Herzog, N.,Scheibner, K.,Krueger-Genge, A.,Jung, F.,Kammerer, S.,Kuepper, J.-H.},
title={Metabolic activity testing can underestimate acute drug cytotoxicity as revealed by HepG2 cell clones overexpressing cytochrome P450 2C19 and 3A4},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2018.11.008},
abstract = {Preclinical drug safety assessment includes in vitro studies with physiologically relevant cell cultures. As an in vitro system for hepatic toxicology testing, we have been generating cell clones of human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 by lentiviral transduction of phase I cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Here, we present a stable CYP2C19-overexpressing HepG2 cell clone (HepG2-2C19 C1) showing an enzyme activity of approximately 82 pmol x min−1 x mg−1 total cellular protein. The phenotypic stability over several passages of HepG2-2C19 C1 renders them to be a suitable reference cell clone for benchmarking CYP2C19 enzyme activity. In addition, we were interested to analyze acute cytotoxicity of the model drug cyclophosphamide (CPA) metabolized by HepG2-2C19 C1 and by a previously generated CYP3A4-overexpressing HepG2 cell clone. Upon 10 mM CPA exposure, we were able to detect its metabolites 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide and acrolein in CYP3A4- and CYP2C19-expressing cell clones, but not in parental HepG2 cell line. XTT and ATP assays showed a modest reduction of cell viability of not more than 50% with high dose (10 mM) CPA treatment. By contrast, dramatic acute cytotoxic effects of CPA were evident by the formation of nuclear γH2AX foci and by increased cell death events. These effects were paralleled by substantial decreases of cell membrane integrity as measured by the trypan blue exclusion test. Our data on CYP enzyme overexpressing HepG2 cell clones clearly show that cytotoxicity of CPA is dramatically underestimated by standard metabolic activity tests. Thus, additional tests to quantitate DNA damage formation and cell death induction might be required to realistically assess cytotoxicity of such compounds.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2018.11.008} (DOI). Steinbrecht, S.; Koenig, R.; Schmidtke, K.; Herzog, N.; Scheibner, K.; Krueger-Genge, A.; Jung, F.; Kammerer, S.; Kuepper, J.: Metabolic activity testing can underestimate acute drug cytotoxicity as revealed by HepG2 cell clones overexpressing cytochrome P450 2C19 and 3A4. Toxicology. 2019. vol. 412, 37-47. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.11.008}}
@misc{liu_implications_of_2019, 
author={Liu, Z.,Callies, U.},
title={Implications of using chemical dispersants to combat oil spills in the German Bight – Depiction by means of a Bayesian network},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.063},
abstract = {Application of chemical dispersants is one option for combatting oil spills, dispersing oil into the water column and thereby reducing potential pollution to coastal areas. Efficiency of dispersant application depends on oil characteristics, sea and weather conditions. Potential environmental impacts must also be taken into account. Referring to the German Bight region (North Sea), we show how probabilistic Bayesian network (BN) technology can integrate all these aspects to support contingency planning. Expected effects of chemical dispersion on oil spill drift paths are quantified based on comprehensive numerical ensemble simulations. Ecological impacts are represented just in simplified terms focusing on nearshore seabird distributions. The intuitive and interactive BN summarizes expected benefits from chemical dispersion depending on where and under which weather conditions a hypothetical pollution occurs.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.063} (DOI). Liu, Z.; Callies, U.: Implications of using chemical dispersants to combat oil spills in the German Bight – Depiction by means of a Bayesian network. Environmental Pollution. 2019. vol. 248, 609-620. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.063}}
@misc{mrowietz_evaluation_of_2019, 
author={Mrowietz, C.,Franke, R.P.,Pindur, G.,Sternitzky, R.,Jung, F.,Wolf, U.},
title={Evaluation of Laser-Doppler-Fluxmetry for the diagnosis of microcirculatory disorders},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189402},
abstract = {BACKGROUND:,The laser Doppler fluxmetry (LDF) is a non-invasive method to assess skin blood perfusion, measuring the flow of blood cells inside a tissue volume without harming the tissue. In the diagnosis of skin circulation disorders, the results of the LDF measurement are generally used in such a way that “normal” (or non-ill) or “pathological” values are achieved by comparison with a reference sample, for example of apparently healthy subjects.,MATERIAL AND METHODS:,In this study, the values of LDF for the diagnosis of microcirculatory disorders in patients with coronary artery disease (n = 20) or in patients with microcirculatory disorders, already diagnosed by capillary microscopy (n = 46), were examined.,RESULTS:,The mean values of LD amplitudes in the four frequency windows for patients with coronary artery disease were in the reference range. However, some of the patients showed reduced LD values: in eleven of the twenty patients, one or more mean LD amplitudes were below the reference range. Four of the eleven patients had pathologically decreased capillary erythrocyte velocities of v ery = 0.09–0.21 [mm/s], while the other seven patients had normal blood circulation at rest.,For all patients with a proven cutaneous microcirculatory disorder, the mean LD amplitude in at least one of the frequency windows FF2 to FF4 was pathologically reduced.,CONCLUSION:,The Laser-Doppler fluxmetry method used in the study allows the reliable diagnosis of cutaneous microcirculatory disorders.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189402} (DOI). Mrowietz, C.; Franke, R.; Pindur, G.; Sternitzky, R.; Jung, F.; Wolf, U.: Evaluation of Laser-Doppler-Fluxmetry for the diagnosis of microcirculatory disorders. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2019. vol. 71, no. 2, 129-135. DOI: 10.3233/CH-189402}}
@misc{reinthaler_shearinduced_platelet_2019, 
author={Reinthaler, M.,Baeckemo-Johansson, J.,Braune, S.,Al-Hindwan, H.S.A.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Shear-induced platelet adherence and activation in an in-vitro dynamic multiwell-plate system},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189410},
abstract = {Circulating blood cells are prone to varying flow conditions when contacting cardiovascular devices. For a profound understanding of the complex interplay between the blood components/cells and cardiovascular implant surfaces, testing under varying shear conditions is required. Here, we study the influence of arterial and venous shear conditions on the in vitro evaluation of the thrombogenicity of polymer-based implant materials.,Medical grade poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films were included as reference materials. The polymers were exposed to whole blood from healthy humans. Blood was agitated orbitally at low (venous shear stress: 2.8 dyne · cm–2) and high (arterial shear stress: 22.2 dyne · cm–2) agitation speeds in a well-plate based test system. Numbers of non-adherent platelets, platelet activation (P-Selectin positive platelets), platelet function (PFA100 closure times) and platelet adhesion (laser scanning microscopy (LSM)) were determined.,Microscopic data and counting of the circulating cells revealed increasing numbers of material-surface adherent platelets with increasing agitation speed. Also, activation of the platelets was substantially increased when tested under the high shear conditions (P-Selectin levels, PFA-100 closure times). At low agitation speed, the platelet densities did not differ between the three materials. Tested at the high agitation speed, lowest platelet densities were observed on PDMS, intermediate levels on PET and highest on PTFE. While activation of the circulating platelets was affected by the implant surfaces in a similar manner, PFA closure times did not reflect this trend.,Differences in the thrombogenicity of the studied polymers were more pronounced when tested at high agitation speed due to the induced shear stresses. Testing under varying shear stresses, thus, led to a different evaluation of the implant thrombogenicity, which emphasizes the need for testing under various flow conditions. Our data further confirmed earlier findings where the same reference implants were tested under static (and not dynamic) conditions and with fresh human platelet rich plasma instead of whole blood. This supports that the application of common reference materials may improve inter-study comparisons, even under varying test conditions.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189410} (DOI). Reinthaler, M.; Baeckemo-Johansson, J.; Braune, S.; Al-Hindwan, H.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Shear-induced platelet adherence and activation in an in-vitro dynamic multiwell-plate system. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2019. vol. 71, no. 2, 183-191. DOI: 10.3233/CH-189410}}
@misc{karl_effects_of_2019, 
author={Karl, M.,Jonson, J.E.,Uppstu, A.,Aulinger, A.,Prank, M.,Sofiev, M.,Jalkanen, J.-P.,Johansson, L.,Quante, M.,Matthias, V.},
title={Effects of ship emissions on air quality in the Baltic Sea region simulated with three different chemistry transport models},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7019-2019},
abstract = {The Baltic Sea is highly frequented shipping area with busy shipping lanes close to densely populated regions. Exhaust emissions from ship traffic into the atmosphere are not only enhancing air pollution, they also affect the Baltic Sea environment through acidification and eutrophication of marine waters and surrounding terrestrial ecosystems. As part of the European BONUS project SHEBA (Sustainable Shipping and Environment of the Baltic Sea Region), the transport, chemical transformation and fate of atmospheric pollutants in the Baltic Sea region was simulated with three regional chemistry transport models (CTM) systems, CMAQ, EMEP/MSC-W and SILAM with grid resolutions between 4 km and 11 km. The main goal was to quantify the effect that shipping emissions have on the regional air quality in the Baltic Sea region when the same shipping emissions dataset but different CTMs in their typical setups are used. The performance of these models and the shipping contribution to the results of the individual models was evaluated for sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM2.5). Model results from the three CTMs were compared to observations from rural and urban background stations of the AirBase monitoring network in the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea region. The performance of the three CTM systems to predict pollutant concentrations is similar. However, observed PM2.5 in summer was underestimated strongly by CMAQ and to some extent by EMEP/MSC-W. The spatial average of annual mean O3 in the EMEP/MSC-W simulation is 15–25 % higher compared to the other two simulations, which is mainly the consequence of using a different set of boundary conditions for the European model domain. There are significant differences in the calculated ship contributions to the levels of air pollutants among the three models. SILAM predicted a much weaker ozone depletion through NO emissions in the proximity of the main shipping routes than the other two models. In the entire Baltic Sea region the average contribution of ships to PM2.5 levels is in the range of 4.3–6.5 % for the three CTMs. Differences in ship-related PM2.5 between the models are mainly attributed to differences in the schemes for inorganic aerosol formation. Inspection of the ship-related elemental carbon (EC) revealed that assumptions about the vertical ship emission profile can affect the dispersion and abundance of ship-related pollutants in the near-ground atmosphere. The models are in agreement regarding the ship-related deposition of oxidised nitrogen, reporting a ship contribution in the range of 21–23 ktN y−1 as atmospheric input to the Baltic Sea. Results from the present study show the sensitivity of the ship contribution to combined uncertainties of boundary conditions, meteorological data and aerosol formation and deposition schemes. This is an important step towards a more reliable evaluation of policy options regarding emission regulations for ship traffic and the planned introduction of a nitrogen emission control area (NECA) in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea in 2021.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7019-2019} (DOI). Karl, M.; Jonson, J.; Uppstu, A.; Aulinger, A.; Prank, M.; Sofiev, M.; Jalkanen, J.; Johansson, L.; Quante, M.; Matthias, V.: Effects of ship emissions on air quality in the Baltic Sea region simulated with three different chemistry transport models. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2019. vol. 19, no. 10, 7019-7053. DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-7019-2019}}
@misc{karl_new_insights_2019, 
author={Karl, M.,Leck, C.,Rad, F.M.,Baecklund, A.,Lopez-Aparicio, S.,Heintzenberg, J.},
title={New insights in sources of the sub-micrometre aerosol at Mt. Zeppelin observatory (Spitsbergen) in the year 2015},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2019.1613143},
abstract = {In order to evaluate the potential impact of the Arctic anthropogenic emission sources it is essential to understand better the natural aerosol sources of the inner Arctic and the atmospheric processing of the aerosols during their transport in the Arctic atmosphere. A 1-year time series of chemically specific measurements of the sub-micrometre aerosol during 2015 has been taken at the Mt. Zeppelin observatory in the European Arctic. A source apportionment study combined measured molecular tracers as source markers, positive matrix factorization, analysis of the potential source distribution and auxiliary information from satellite data and ground-based observations. The annual average sub-micrometre mass was apportioned to regional background secondary sulphate (56%), sea spray (17%), biomass burning (15%), secondary nitrate (5.8%), secondary marine biogenic (4.5%), mixed combustion (1.6%), and two types of marine gel sources (together 0.7%). Secondary nitrate aerosol mainly contributed towards the end of summer and during autumn. During spring and summer, the secondary marine biogenic factor reached a contribution of up to 50% in some samples. The most likely origin of the mixed combustion source is due to oil and gas extraction activities in Eastern Siberia. The two marine polymer gel sources predominantly occurred in autumn and winter. The small contribution of the marine gel sources at Mt. Zeppelin observatory in summer as opposed to regions closer to the North Pole is attributed to differences in ocean biology, vertical distribution of phytoplankton, and the earlier start of the summer season.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2019.1613143} (DOI). Karl, M.; Leck, C.; Rad, F.; Baecklund, A.; Lopez-Aparicio, S.; Heintzenberg, J.: New insights in sources of the sub-micrometre aerosol at Mt. Zeppelin observatory (Spitsbergen) in the year 2015. Tellus  B. 2019. vol. 71, no. 1, 1-29. DOI: 10.1080/16000889.2019.1613143}}
@misc{liu_mechanical_properties_2019, 
author={Liu, Z.,Feyerabend, F.,Bohlen, J.,Willumeit-Römer, R.,Letzig, D.},
title={Mechanical properties and degradation behavior of binary magnesium-silver alloy sheets},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2019.05.008},
abstract = {The application of Mg–Ag alloys is suggested as biodegradable implant materials in the form of sheets with controllable mechanical properties and appropriate degradation behavior. This study aimed on the understanding of influence of rolling temperature and silver content (2–8 wt %) on the microstructure development, mechanical properties and the degradation behavior of the sheet material. Besides an increase of the average grain size with increasing rolling temperature, precipitates of Mg54Ag17 formed during processing at lower temperatures and resulted in grain growth restriction during recrystallization. A typical alignment of basal planes parallel to the sheet plane was confirmed by texture measurements along with a strengthening of such textures when grains grew larger during recrystallization. As a result, an increase of the Ag-content corresponds to an increase in the hardness and strength properties of the sheets. In immersion tests, the as-rolled and annealed Q6 and Q8 rolled at 400 °C or 450 °C had similar degradation rate but an obvious difference of the degradation morphology due to the existence of precipitates at grain boundaries. By elevating the rolling and annealing temperature, the degradation rate decreased and the elimination of precipitates led to homogeneous degradation even when the silver in magnesium was up to 8 wt%. Appropriate short time annealing procedures below 60 s allow the tailored regulation of hardness, mechanical properties and ductility via controlled static recrystallization.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2019.05.008} (DOI). Liu, Z.; Feyerabend, F.; Bohlen, J.; Willumeit-Römer, R.; Letzig, D.: Mechanical properties and degradation behavior of binary magnesium-silver alloy sheets. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 2019. vol. 133, 142-150. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2019.05.008}}
@misc{krgergenge_effect_of_2019, 
author={Krüger-Genge, A.,Fuhrmann, R.,Franke, R.-P.,Jung, F.},
title={Effect of lipopolysaccharide on the adherence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) on a natural substrate},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189409},
abstract = {Polymers are often contaminated with lipopolysaccharides also known as endotoxins. Even small amounts of endotoxins can have strong effects on endothelial cell function so that the endothelialisation of cardiovascular implants might be hampered. An open question is how endothelial cells seeded on a body foreign substrate respond to shear load after adding Lipid A (LPA), the domain, which is responsible for much of the toxicity of gram-negative bacteria, and whether morphological changes of endothelial cells occur.,LPA supplementation to the culture medium in increasing concentrations (5, 25 and 50μg/ml) resulted in progressive reductions of the density of adherent HUVEC after shear load (p < 0.001). 48% of the HUVEC in control cultures (0μg/ml LPA) were still adherent after 2 hours of shearing at 6 dyne/cm2, while 80 minutes after addition of 50μg/ml LPA, 88% of the HUVEC had already detached from the substrate and after 100 minutes no more HUVEC were attached.,The results demonstrate that endotoxins are of extreme importance for the behavior of HUVEC and that in vivo pathologies can be increasingly simulated in vitro.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189409} (DOI). Krüger-Genge, A.; Fuhrmann, R.; Franke, R.; Jung, F.: Effect of lipopolysaccharide on the adherence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) on a natural substrate. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2019. vol. 71, no. 2, 175-181. DOI: 10.3233/CH-189409}}
@misc{callies_stroemungen_in_2019, 
author={Callies, U.,Kleeberg, U.},
title={Stroemungen in der Deutschen Bucht - Zur Bedeutung mariner Transporte},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Eine detaillierte Kenntnis mariner Transporte ist für viele Analysen und praktische Problemlösungen von großer Bedeutung. Abhängig von der jeweiligen Fragestellung können sich dabei die relevanten Zeitskalen stark unterscheiden: Müssen etwa Schiffsbrüchige oder von Bord gefallene Gegenstände lokalisiert werden, so sind Entwicklungen über Stunden bis Tage von Interesse. Andererseits würden Ökosystemforscher, die etwa an Mustern der Larvenverdriftung oder Nährstoffkonzentration interessiert sind, eher lange Zeiträume von Monaten oder gar Jahren betrachten. Strömungen beeinflussen die räumlichen Verteilungen aller Wasserinhaltsstoffe, weswegen ihre Kenntnis auch für eine sachgerechte Interpretation lokaler Beobachtungen relevant ist.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Callies, U.; Kleeberg, U.: Stroemungen in der Deutschen Bucht - Zur Bedeutung mariner Transporte. Geographische Rundschau. 2019. no. 4, 34-39.}}
@misc{joerss_emerging_per_2019, 
author={Joerss, H.,Apel, C.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface water and sediment of the North and Baltic Seas},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.363},
abstract = {Along with the phase-out of legacy long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and their precursors, attention has been drawn to emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). This study is aimed at investigating the importance of selected emerging PFASs as pollutants in European coastal environments and a possible transition from legacy long-chain PFCAs and PFSAs to replacement compounds. Therefore, the spatial distribution of 29 PFASs was analysed in surface water and sediment of the North and Baltic Seas sampled in 2017. Levels of the replacement compound HFPO-DA were approximately three times higher than those of its predecessor PFOA in surface water from the North Sea, which is characterised by the influence of point sources and constant exchange with open water. Reanalysis of sample extracts from the last decade showed that HFPO-DA had already been present in 2011, when it had not yet been in focus. In the Baltic Sea with a limited water exchange and dominance of diffuse sources, the proportion of HFPO-DA was negligible, whereas long-chain PFCAs and PFSAs still contributed to ∑PFASs with about 30%. The emerging cyclic compound perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexanesulfonate (PFECHS), which has not yet been reported in European coastal environments, was detected in 86% of the Baltic Sea samples. Influenced by sediment characteristics in addition to source-specific contributions, the spatial distribution of PFASs in surface sediments was more variable than for water samples. The linear isomer of the long-chain legacy substance PFOS was the predominant compound found over the entire study area. Of the emerging PFASs, 6:6 and 6:8 perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids (PFPiAs) were identified close to potential industrial inputs and in sedimentation areas. The results show that particular emerging PFASs play a relevant role in the investigated coastal environments and that a shift to replacements is dependent on sources and geographical conditions.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.363} (DOI). Joerss, H.; Apel, C.; Ebinghaus, R.: Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface water and sediment of the North and Baltic Seas. Science of the Total Environment. 2019. vol. 686, 360-369. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.363}}
@misc{callies_submesoscale_dispersion_2019, 
author={Callies, U.,Carrasco, R.,Floeter, J.,Horstmann, J.,Quante, M.},
title={Submesoscale dispersion of surface drifters in a coastal sea near offshore wind farms},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-865-2019},
abstract = {We analyse relative dispersion of surface drifters released as pairs (6 instances) or triplets (2 instances) during three field experiments in the German Bight in close proximity to wind farms. Drifter pairs can be classified in a remarkably clear way into those with spatial separation growing either exponentially or non-monotonously. There is some tentative evidence that exponential relative dispersion growth rates preferably occur for drifter pairs that are most exposed to the possible influence of a wind farm. Kinetic energy spectra and velocity structure functions suggest that turbulent energy could be injected by tides, possibly also via an interaction between tidal currents and wind turbine towers. Applicability of inertial range turbulence theory, however, can be doubted given distinct peaks of overtides observed in velocity power spectra. More comprehensive studies would be needed to better separate submesoscale effects of wind farms, tides and possibly baroclinic instabilities on observed drifter behaviour in a complex coastal environment.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-865-2019} (DOI). Callies, U.; Carrasco, R.; Floeter, J.; Horstmann, J.; Quante, M.: Submesoscale dispersion of surface drifters in a coastal sea near offshore wind farms. Ocean Science. 2019. vol. 15, no. 4, 865-889. DOI: 10.5194/os-15-865-2019}}
@misc{lorenz_spatial_distribution_2019, 
author={Lorenz, C.,Roscher, L.,Meyer, M.S.,Hildebrandt, L.,Prume, J.,Loeder, M.G.J.,Primpke, S.,Gerdts, G.},
title={Spatial distribution of microplastics in sediments and surface waters of the southern North Sea},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.093},
abstract = {Microplastic pollution within the marine environment is of pressing concern globally. Accordingly, spatial monitoring of microplastic concentrations, composition and size distribution may help to identify sources and entry pathways, and hence allow initiating focused mitigation. Spatial distribution patterns of microplastics were investigated in two compartments of the southern North Sea by collecting sublittoral sediment and surface water samples from 24 stations. Large microplastics (500−5000 μm) were detected visually and identified using attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The remaining sample was digested enzymatically, concentrated onto filters and analyzed for small microplastics (11−500 μm) using Focal Plane Array (FPA) FTIR imaging. Microplastics were detected in all samples with concentrations ranging between 2.8 and 1188.8 particles kg−1 for sediments and 0.1–245.4 particles m−3 for surface waters. On average 98% of microplastics were <100 μm in sediments and 86% in surface waters. The most prevalent polymer types in both compartments were polypropylene, acrylates/polyurethane/varnish, and polyamide. However, polymer composition differed significantly between sediment and surface water samples as well as between the Frisian Islands and the English Channel sites. These results show that microplastics are not evenly distributed, in neither location nor size, which is illuminating regarding the development of monitoring protocols.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.093} (DOI). Lorenz, C.; Roscher, L.; Meyer, M.; Hildebrandt, L.; Prume, J.; Loeder, M.; Primpke, S.; Gerdts, G.: Spatial distribution of microplastics in sediments and surface waters of the southern North Sea. Environmental Pollution. 2019. vol. 252 B, 1719-1729. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.093}}
@misc{stevens_partial_recovery_2019, 
author={Stevens, T.,Mee, L.,Friedrich, J.,Aleynik, D.,Minicheva, G.},
title={Partial Recovery of Macro-Epibenthic Assemblages on the North-West Shelf of the Black Sea},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00474},
abstract = {The north-west shelf of the Black Sea has suffered well-documented declines in biodiversity since the 1960s, and by the 1990s was considered a dead zone with virtually no sign of macroscopic epibenthic life. It was characterised by high levels of anthropogenic input, massive phytoplankton blooms, and periodically hypoxic to anoxic bottom waters. An important contributor to primary production on the northwest shelf is the red alga Phyllophora spp. growing in waters to 70 m depth. Phyllophora is a habitat forming taxon supporting complex assemblages of bivalves, sponges, and ascidians, with an associated rich fish fauna. From 1990 on, nutrient loads entering the system plummeted and the severity of algal blooms decreased. Changes to benthic communities, however, were far less rapid, and the trajectory and rate of any recovery of the dead zone, in particular Zernov’s Phyllophora Field, is far from certain. This study used towed underwater video imagery from research cruises in summer 2006 and spring 2008 to classify and map macro-epibenthic assemblage structure, and related this to putative physical, chemical and spatial drivers. Distinct and relatively stable benthic communities were in evidence across the northwest shelf at that time. These communities were largely structured by substrate type and depth, but there is some evidence that nutrients continued to play a role. Phyllophora spp. was present across much, but not all, of its former range, but at far lower percent cover than previously. The pattern of abundance of Phyllophora in 2006-08 did not correlate with the documented pre-eutrophication pattern from 1966. There is some evidence that faster-growing opportunistic species have hindered to recovery. We conclude that while there was evidence of sustained recovery, by 2008 the macro-epibenthic communities of the northwest shelf of the Black Sea were far from their pre-eutrophication state.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00474} (DOI). Stevens, T.; Mee, L.; Friedrich, J.; Aleynik, D.; Minicheva, G.: Partial Recovery of Macro-Epibenthic Assemblages on the North-West Shelf of the Black Sea. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2019. vol. 6, 474. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00474}}
@misc{ramacher_urban_population_2019, 
author={Ramacher, M.O.P.,Kall, M.,Bieser, J.,Jalkanen, J.-P.,Johansson, L.},
title={Urban population exposure to NOx emissions from local shipping in three Baltic Sea harbour cities – A generic approach},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9153-2019},
abstract = {Ship emissions in ports can have a significant impact on local air quality (AQ), population exposure, and therefore human health in harbour cities. We determined the impact of shipping emissions on local AQ and population exposure in the Baltic Sea harbour cities Rostock (Germany), Riga (Latvia) and the urban agglomeration of Gdansk-Gdynia (Poland) for 2012. An urban AQ study was performed using a global-to-local Chemistry Transport Model chain with the EPISODE-CityChem model for the urban scale. We simulated NO2, O3 and PM concentrations in 2012 with the aim to determine the impact of local shipping activities to outdoor population exposure in Baltic Sea harbour cities. Based on simulated concentrations, dynamic population exposure on outdoor NO2 concentrations for all urban domains was calculated. We developed and used a novel generic approach to model dynamic population activity in different microenvironments based on publicly available data. The results of the new approach are hourly microenvironment-specific population grids with a spatial resolution of 100 × 100 m2. We multiplied these grids with surface pollutant concentration fields of the same resolution to calculate total population exposure. We found that the local shipping impact on NO2 concentrations is significant, contributing with 22 %, 11 %, and 16 % to the total annually averaged grid mean concentration for Rostock, Riga and Gdansk-Gdynia, respectively. For PM2.5, the contribution of shipping is substantially lower with 1–3 %. When it comes to microenvironment-specific exposure to annual NO2, the highest exposure to NO2 from all emission sources was found in the home environment (54–59 %). Emissions from shipping have a high impact on NO2 exposure in the port area (50–80 %) while the influence in home, work and other environments is lower on average (3–14 %), but still with high impacts close to the port areas and downwind of them. Besides this, the newly developed generic approach allows for dynamic population exposure calculations in European cities without the necessity of individually measured data or large-scale surveys on population data.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9153-2019} (DOI). Ramacher, M.; Kall, M.; Bieser, J.; Jalkanen, J.; Johansson, L.: Urban population exposure to NOx emissions from local shipping in three Baltic Sea harbour cities – A generic approach. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2019. vol. 19, no. 14, 9153-9179. DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-9153-2019}}
@misc{shin_comparison_of_2019, 
author={Shin, E.-S.,Chung, J.-H.,Park, S.G.,Saleh, A.,Lam, Y.-Y.,Bhak, J.,Jung, F.,Morita, S.,Brachmann, J.},
title={Comparison of exercise electrocardiography and magnetocardiography for detection of coronary artery disease using ST-segment fluctuation score},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-180485},
abstract = {BACKGROUND:,Exercise electrocardiography (ECG) is frequently used as a diagnostic measure in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it has low sensitivity for the detection of CAD. Magnetocardiography (MCG) has been proposed as an alternative tool to accurately diagnose CAD.,OBJECTIVE:,To date, a direct comparison of MCG to ECG has not been performed. This study sought to compare them for predicting the presence of significantly obstructive CAD.,METHODS:,The patients with chest pain or other symptoms suggestive of CAD were enrolled in the analysis. All the patients underwent a clinical evaluation, exercise ECG, a MCG exercise test, and coronary angiography (CA). CAD was defined as stenosis ≥70% stenosis in at least one major coronary artery on quantitative analysis of CA.,RESULTS:,We prospectively enrolled 202 consecutive patients who suggested CAD. The prevalence of CAD on CA was 39.1%. Sensitivity and accuracy for CAD diagnosis was higher for MCG compared with exercise ECG (sensitivities 68.4% and 40.5%, p <0.001, specificities 95.1% and 91.1%, p = 0.267, and accuracies 84.7% and 71.3%, p <0.001, respectively). There was no incremental diagnostic value of combined MCG and ECG to detect coronary artery disease (p = 0.357).,CONCLUSIONS:,For the patients with intermediate to high risk of CAD, MCG exercise test provides better diagnostic accuracy for the detection of relevant obstruction of the epicardial coronaries when directly compared to exercise ECG.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-180485} (DOI). Shin, E.; Chung, J.; Park, S.; Saleh, A.; Lam, Y.; Bhak, J.; Jung, F.; Morita, S.; Brachmann, J.: Comparison of exercise electrocardiography and magnetocardiography for detection of coronary artery disease using ST-segment fluctuation score. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2019. vol. 73, no. 2, 283-291. DOI: 10.3233/CH-180485}}
@misc{zhang_the_budget_2019, 
author={Zhang, W.,Wirtz, K.,Daewel, U.,Wrede, A.,Kroencke, I.,Kuhn, G.,Neumann, A.,Meyer, J.,Ma, M.,Schrum, C.},
title={The Budget of Macrobenthic Reworked Organic Carbon: A Modeling Case Study of the North Sea},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005109},
abstract = {The importance of macrobenthos in benthic‐pelagic coupling and early diagenesis of organic carbon has long been recognized but has not been quantified at a regional scale. By using the southern North Sea as an exemplary area we present a modeling attempt to quantify the budget of total organic carbon (TOC) reworked by macrobenthos in seafloor surface sediments. Vertical profiles in sediments collected in the field indicate a significant but nonlinear correlation between TOC and macrobenthic biomass. A mechanistic model is used to resolve the bidirectional interaction between TOC and macrobenthos. A novelty of this model is that bioturbation is resolved dynamically depending on variations in local food resource and macrobenthic biomass. The model is coupled to 3‐D hydrodynamic‐biogeochemical simulations to hindcast the mutual dependence between sedimentary TOC and macrobenthos from 1948 to 2015. Agreement with field data reveals a satisfactory model performance. Our simulations show that the preservation of TOC in the North Sea sediments is determined not only by pelagic conditions (hydrodynamic regime and primary production) but also by the vertical distribution of TOC, bioturbation intensity, and the vertical positioning of macrobenthos. Macrobenthos annually ingest 20–35% and in addition vertically diffuse 11–22% of the total budget of TOC in the uppermost 30‐cm sediments in the southern North Sea. This result indicates a central role of benthic animals in modulating the organic carbon cycling at the sediment‐water interface of continental margins.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005109} (DOI). Zhang, W.; Wirtz, K.; Daewel, U.; Wrede, A.; Kroencke, I.; Kuhn, G.; Neumann, A.; Meyer, J.; Ma, M.; Schrum, C.: The Budget of Macrobenthic Reworked Organic Carbon: A Modeling Case Study of the North Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research : Biogeosciences. 2019. vol. 124, no. 6, 1446-1471. DOI: 10.1029/2019JG005109}}
@misc{vandam_parameterizing_airwater_2019, 
author={Van Dam, B.R.,Edson, J.B.,Tobias, C.},
title={Parameterizing Air‐Water Gas Exchange in the Shallow, Microtidal New River Estuary},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004908},
abstract = {Estuarine CO2 emissions are important components of regional and global carbon budgets, but assessments of this flux are plagued by uncertainties associated with gas transfer velocity (k) parameterization. We combined direct eddy covariance measurements of CO2 flux with water‐side pCO2 determinations to generate more reliable k parameterizations for use in small estuaries. When all data were aggregated, k was described well by a linear relationship with wind speed (U10), in a manner consistent with prior open‐ocean and estuarine k parameterizations. However, k was significantly greater at night and under low wind speed, and nighttime k was best predicted by a parabolic, rather than linear, relationship with U10. We explored the effect of water‐side thermal convection, but found only a weak correlation between convective scale and k. Hence, while convective forcing may be important at times, it appears that factors besides water‐side thermal convection were likely responsible for the bulk of the observed nighttime enhancement in k. Regardless of source, we show that these day‐night differences in k should be accounted for when CO2 emissions are assessed over short time scales, or when pCO2 is constant and U10 varies. On the other hand, when temporal variability in pCO2 is large, it exerts greater control over CO2 fluxes than does k parameterization. In these cases, the use of a single k value, or a simple linear relationship with U10 is often sufficient. This study provides important guidance for k parameterization in shallow, or microtidal estuaries, especially when diel processes are considered.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004908} (DOI). Van Dam, B.; Edson, J.; Tobias, C.: Parameterizing Air‐Water Gas Exchange in the Shallow, Microtidal New River Estuary. Journal of Geophysical Research : Biogeosciences. 2019. vol. 124, no. 7, 2351-2363. DOI: 10.1029/2018JG004908}}
@misc{beusekom_wadden_sea_2019, 
author={Beusekom, J.E.E.van,Carstensen, J.,Dolch, T.,Grage, A.,Hofmeister, R.,Lenhart, H.,Kerimoglu, O.,Kolbe, K.,Paetsch, J.,Rick, J.,Roenn, L.,Ruiter, H.},
title={Wadden Sea Eutrophication: Long-Term Trends and Regional Differences},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00370},
abstract = {The Wadden Sea is a shallow intertidal coastal sea, largely protected by barrier islands and fringing the North Sea coasts of Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark. It is subject to influences from both the North Sea and major European rivers. Nutrient enrichment from these rivers since the 1950s has impacted the Wadden Sea ecology including loss of seagrass, increased phytoplankton blooms, and increased green macroalgae blooms. Rivers are the major source of nutrients causing Wadden Sea eutrophication. The nutrient input of the major rivers impacting the Wadden Sea reached a maximum during the 1980s and decreased at an average pace of about 2.5% per year for total Nitrogen (TN) and about 5% per year for total Phosphorus (TP), leading to decreasing nutrient levels but also increasing N/P ratios. During the past decade, the lowest nutrient inputs since 1977 were observed but these declining trends are leveling out for TP. Phytoplankton biomass (measured as chlorophyll a) in the Wadden Sea has decreased since the 1980s and presently reached a comparatively low level. In tidal inlet stations with a long-term monitoring, summer phytoplankton levels correlate with riverine TN and TP loads but stations located closer to the coast behave in a more complex manner. Regional differences are observed, with highest chlorophyll a levels in the southern Wadden Sea and lowest levels in the northern Wadden Sea. Model data support the hypothesis that the higher eutrophication levels in the southern Wadden Sea are linked to a more intense coastward accumulation of organic matter produced in the North Sea.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00370} (DOI). Beusekom, J.; Carstensen, J.; Dolch, T.; Grage, A.; Hofmeister, R.; Lenhart, H.; Kerimoglu, O.; Kolbe, K.; Paetsch, J.; Rick, J.; Roenn, L.; Ruiter, H.: Wadden Sea Eutrophication: Long-Term Trends and Regional Differences. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2019. vol. 6, 370. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00370}}
@misc{karl_the_eulerian_2019, 
author={Karl, M.,Walker, S.-E.,Solberg, S.,Ramacher, M.O.P.},
title={The Eulerian urban dispersion model EPISODE – Part 2: Extensions to the source dispersion and photochemistry for EPISODE–CityChem v1.2 and its application to the city of Hamburg},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3357-2019},
abstract = {This paper describes the CityChem extension of the Eulerian urban dispersion model EPISODE. The development of the CityChem extension was driven by the need to apply the model in lower latitude cities with higher insolation than in northern European cities. The CityChem extension offers a more advanced treatment of the photochemistry in urban areas and entails specific developments within the sub-grid components for a more accurate representation of the dispersion in the proximity of urban emission sources. The WMPP (WORM Meteorological Pre-Processor) is used in the point source sub-grid model to calculate the wind speed at plume height. The simplified street canyon model (SSCM) is used in the line source sub-grid model to calculate pollutant dispersion in street canyons. The EPISODE-CityChem model integrates the CityChem extension in EPISODE, with the capability of simulating photochemistry and dispersion of multiple reactive pollutants within urban areas. The main focus of the model is the simulation of the complex atmospheric chemistry involved in the photochemical production of ozone in urban areas. EPISODE-CityChem was evaluated with a series of tests and with a first application to the air quality situation in the city of Hamburg, Germany. A performance analysis with the FAIRMODE DELTA Tool for the air quality in Hamburg showed that the model fulfils the model performance objectives for NO2 (hourly), O3 (daily max. of the 8-h running mean) and PM10 (daily mean) set forth in the Air Quality Directive, qualifying the model for use in policy applications. Observed levels of annual mean ozone at the five urban background stations in Hamburg are captured by the model within 15%. Envisaged applications of the EPISODE-CityChem model are urban air quality studies, emission control scenarios in relation to traffic restrictions and the source attribution of sector-specific emissions to observed levels of air pollutants at urban monitoring stations.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3357-2019} (DOI). Karl, M.; Walker, S.; Solberg, S.; Ramacher, M.: The Eulerian urban dispersion model EPISODE – Part 2: Extensions to the source dispersion and photochemistry for EPISODE–CityChem v1.2 and its application to the city of Hamburg. Geoscientific Model Development. 2019. vol. 12, 3357-3399. DOI: 10.5194/gmd-12-3357-2019}}
@misc{hildebrandt_evaluation_of_2019, 
author={Hildebrandt, L.,Voigt, N.,Zimmermann, T.,Reese, A.,Proefrock, D.},
title={Evaluation of continuous flow centrifugation as an alternative technique to sample microplastic from water bodies},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104768},
abstract = {The scientific and public interest regarding environmental pollution with microplastic has considerably increased within the last 15 years. Nevertheless, up to now there is no widely applied standard operation procedure for microplastic sampling, resulting in a lack of inter-study comparability. In addition, many studies on microplastic occurrences do not indicate a sound methodological validation of the applied methods and procedures. This study presents an alternative volume-reduced sampling technique to sample the entire load of suspended particulate matter including microplastic particles in natural waters, based on continuous flow centrifugation. For the lab-scale validation of the proposed instrumental setup, six different microplastic types (PE, PET, PS, PVDC, EPS and PP) were used. The particles covered a size range from 1 μm to 1 mm and a density range from 0.94 g mL−1 to 1.63 g mL−1. Recoveries ranged from 95.0% ± 2.3%–99.1% ± 0.3% for virgin powders and from 96.1% ± 0.6%–99.4% ± 0.2% (1 SD, n = 2–3) for microplastic suspended in river water for 40 days. Gravimetric and microscopic analysis of the effluent indicates efficient removal of microplastic from the suspensions. Static light scattering analysis of the microplastic suspensions prior to and after centrifugation confirmed that no change of the particle size distribution has occurred – neither through aggregation nor through size-discrimination during centrifugation. Moreover, the system was tested in the field and used twice to sample suspended particulate matter from the Elbe estuary directly on site. Based on these first lab-scale experiments, continuous flow centrifugation proves a promising technique bearing potential to alleviate drawbacks such as contamination, filter clogging and particle size-discrimination of commonly used volume-reduced microplastic sampling approaches.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104768} (DOI). Hildebrandt, L.; Voigt, N.; Zimmermann, T.; Reese, A.; Proefrock, D.: Evaluation of continuous flow centrifugation as an alternative technique to sample microplastic from water bodies. Marine Environmental Research. 2019. vol. 151, 104768. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104768}}
@misc{ktke_prioritised_pharmaceuticals_2019, 
author={Kötke, D.,Gandrass, J.,Xie, Z.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Prioritised pharmaceuticals in German estuaries and coastal waters: Occurrence and environmental risk assessment},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113161},
abstract = {In this study a target analysis approach with method detection limits down to 0.01 ng L−1 was developed in order to determine ultra-trace pharmaceuticals in seawater of the German coast and their estuaries. The selection of target analytes based on a prioritisation commissioned by the German Environmental Agency considering occurrence in German surface waters, production volumes and ecotoxicological data. Using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionisation source 21 prioritised pharmaceuticals out of seven therapeutical classes (antibiotics, iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM), analgesics, lipid reducers, antiepileptics, anticonvulsants, beta-blockers) have been detected in the low to medium ng L−1-range. The most frequently measured substance groups in the German Baltic Sea and German Bight are the ICM, represented by the non-ionic ICM iomeprol (German Bightmax: 207 ng L−1; Baltic Seamax: 34.5 ng L−1) and the ionic ICM amidotrizoic acid (German Bight: 86.9 ng L−1), respectively. The same pattern of substance distribution could be detected in the German Bight, the German Baltic Sea and their inflows with lower concentrations in the offshore region that are partly a result of dilution with marine water. Pharmaceuticals entering the estuaries and coastal regions are an environmental issue since data on the ecotoxicological effects on aquatic marine organisms is limited. Especially the antibiotics clarithromycin and sulfamethoxazole could be ecotoxicologically/environmentally critical.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113161} (DOI). Kötke, D.; Gandrass, J.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Prioritised pharmaceuticals in German estuaries and coastal waters: Occurrence and environmental risk assessment. Environmental Pollution. 2019. vol. 255-1, 113161. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113161}}
@misc{kuhnla_spontaneous_and_2019, 
author={Kuhnla, A.,Reinthaler, M.,Braune, S.,Maier, A.,Pindur, G.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation in apparently healthy subjects in relation to age},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-199006},
abstract = {Thrombotic disorders remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity, despite the fact that anti-platelet therapies and vascular implants are successfully used today. As life expectancy is increasing in western societies, the specific knowledge about processes leading to thrombosis in elderly is essential for an adequate therapeutic management of platelet dysfunction and for tailoring blood contacting implants. This study addresses the limited available data on platelet function in apparently healthy subjects in relation to age, particularly in view of subjects of old age (80–98 years). Apparently healthy subjects between 20 and 98 years were included in this study. Platelet function was assessed by light transmission aggregometry and comprised experiments on spontaneous as well as ristocetin-, ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The data of this study revealed a non-linear increase in the maximum spontaneous platelet aggregation (from 3.3% ±3.3% to 10.9% ±5.9%). The maximum induced aggregation decreased with age for ristocetin (from 85.8% ±7.2% to 75.0% ±7.8%), ADP (from 88.5% ±4.6% to 64.8% ±7.3%) and collagen (from 89.5% ±3.0% to 64.0% ±4.0%) in a non-linear manner (linear regression analysis). These observations indicate that during aging, circulating platelets become increasingly activated but lose their full aggregatory potential, a phenomenon that was earlier termed “platelet exhaustion”. In this study we extended the limited existing data for spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation of apparently healthy donors above the age of 75 years. The presented data indicate that the extrapolation of data from a middle age group does not necessarily predict platelet function in apparently healthy subjects of old age. It emphasizes the need for respective studies to improve our understanding of thrombotic processes in elderly humans.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-199006} (DOI). Kuhnla, A.; Reinthaler, M.; Braune, S.; Maier, A.; Pindur, G.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation in apparently healthy subjects in relation to age. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2019. vol. 71, no. 4, 425-435. DOI: 10.3233/CH-199006}}
@misc{lamby_effect_of_2019, 
author={Lamby, P.,Krueger-Genge, A.,Franke, F.P.,Mrowietz, C.,Falter, J.,Graf, S.,Schellenberg, E.L.,Jung, F.,Prantl, L.},
title={Effect of iodinated contrast media on the oxygen tension in the renal cortico-medullary region of pigs},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-199009},
abstract = {Repeated injections of iodinated contrast media (CM) can lead to a deterioration of the renal blood flow, can redistribute blood from the renal cortex to other parts of the kidney and can cause small decreases of the blood flow in cortical capillaries, a significant reduction in blood flow in peritubular capillaries and a significant reduction in blood flow in the vasa recta. Therefore, a study in pigs was designed, to show whether the repeated injection of CM boli, alone, can cause a reduction of oxygenation in the cortico-medullar renal tissue – the region with the highest oxygen demand in the kidney - of pigs.,While the mean pO2-value had only decreased by 0.3 mmHg from 29.9±4.3 mmHg to 29.6±4.3 mmHg (p = 0.8799) after the tenth Iodixanol bolus, it decreased by 5.9 mmHg from 34.0±4.3 mmHg to 28.1±4.3 mmHg after the tenth Iopromide bolus (p = 0.044). This revealed a remarkable difference in the influence of these CM on the oxygen partial pressure in the kidney.,Repeated applications of CM had a significant influence on the renal oxygen partial pressure. In line with earlier studies showing a redistribution of blood from the cortex to other renal areas, this study revealed that Iodixanol – in contrast to Iopromide - induced no changes in the pO2 in the cortico-medullar region which confirms that Iodixanol did not hinder the flow of blood through the renal micro-vessels. These results are in favor of a hypothesis from Brezis that a microcirculatory disorder might be the basis for the development of CI-AKI.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-199009} (DOI). Lamby, P.; Krueger-Genge, A.; Franke, F.; Mrowietz, C.; Falter, J.; Graf, S.; Schellenberg, E.; Jung, F.; Prantl, L.: Effect of iodinated contrast media on the oxygen tension in the renal cortico-medullary region of pigs. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2019. vol. 73, no. 1, 261-270. DOI: 10.3233/CH-199009}}
@misc{neumann_ballasted_flocs_2019, 
author={Neumann, A.,Hass, H.C.,Moebius, J.,Naderipour, C.},
title={Ballasted Flocs Capture Pelagic Primary Production and Alter the Local Sediment Characteristics in the Coastal German Bight (North Sea)},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9080344},
abstract = {Suspended, organic matter, especially in the form of adhesive extracellular polymers (EPS), tends to form flocs, which may also incorporate suspended lithogenic particles in coastal environments. With an increased settling velocity, these ballasted flocs form in a narrow zone along the coast and potentially represent a major source of pelagic primary production for the benthic community. We sought support for this hypothesis by examining our measurements of the mud content, porosity, permeability, pigment content, and specific respiration rate of sediment from the German Bight (North Sea) for signs that the pelagic zone of ballasted floc formation is affecting the local sediment characteristics. Based on a simple bottom-shear stress model and by employing empirical correlations of sediment characteristics we were able to find strong indications that this is actually the case. Our results demonstrate how ballasted flocs contribute to the benthic pelagic coupling in a high turbulence environment.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9080344} (DOI). Neumann, A.; Hass, H.; Moebius, J.; Naderipour, C.: Ballasted Flocs Capture Pelagic Primary Production and Alter the Local Sediment Characteristics in the Coastal German Bight (North Sea). Geosciences. 2019. vol. 9, no. 8, 344. DOI: 10.3390/geosciences9080344}}
@misc{braune_in_vitro_2019, 
author={Braune, S.,Latour, R.,Reinthaler, M.,Landmesser, U.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={In Vitro Thrombogenicity Testing of Biomaterials},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201900527},
abstract = {The short‐ and long‐term thrombogenicity of implant materials is still unpredictable, which is a significant challenge for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. A knowledge‐based approach for implementing biofunctions in materials requires a detailed understanding of the medical device in the biological system. In particular, the interplay between material and blood components/cells as well as standardized and commonly acknowledged in vitro test methods allowing a reproducible categorization of the material thrombogenicity requires further attention. Here, the status of in vitro thrombogenicity testing methods for biomaterials is reviewed, particularly taking in view the preparation of test materials and references, the selection and characterization of donors and blood samples, the prerequisites for reproducible approaches and applied test systems. Recent joint approaches in finding common standards for a reproducible testing are summarized and perspectives for a more disease oriented in vitro thrombogenicity testing are discussed.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201900527} (DOI). Braune, S.; Latour, R.; Reinthaler, M.; Landmesser, U.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: In Vitro Thrombogenicity Testing of Biomaterials. Advanced Healthcare Materials. 2019. vol. 8, no. 21, 1900527. DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900527}}
@misc{tim_analysis_of_2019, 
author={Tim, N.,Zorita, E.,Emeis, K.,Schwarzkopf, F.,Biastoch, A.,Hünicke, B.},
title={Analysis of the position and strength of westerlies and trades with implications for Agulhas leakage and South Benguela upwelling},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-847-2019},
abstract = {The westerlies and trade winds over the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean are important drivers of the regional oceanography around southern Africa, including features such as the Agulhas Current, the Agulhas leakage, and the Benguela upwelling. Agulhas leakage constitutes a fraction of warm and saline water transport from the Indian Ocean into the South Atlantic. The leakage is stronger during intensified westerlies. Here, we analyze the wind stress of different observational and modeled atmospheric data sets (covering the last 2 millennia, the recent decades, and the 21st century) with regard to the intensity and position of the southeasterly trades and the westerlies. The analysis reveals that variations of both wind systems go hand in hand and that a poleward shift of the westerlies and trades and an intensification of westerlies took place during the recent decades. Furthermore, upwelling in South Benguela is slightly intensified when trades are shifted poleward. Projections for strength and position of the westerlies in the 21st century depend on assumed CO2 emissions and on their effect relative to the ozone forcing. In the strongest emission scenario (RCP8.5) the simulations show a further southward displacement, whereas in the weakest emission scenario (RCP2.6) a northward shift is modeled, possibly due to the effect of ozone recovery dominating the effect of anthropogenic greenhouse forcing. We conclude that the Agulhas leakage has intensified during the last decades and is projected to increase if greenhouse gas emissions are not reduced. This will have a small impact on Benguela upwelling strength and may also have consequences for water mass characteristics in the upwelling region. An increased contribution of Agulhas water to the upwelling water masses will import more preformed nutrients and oxygen into the upwelling region.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-847-2019} (DOI). Tim, N.; Zorita, E.; Emeis, K.; Schwarzkopf, F.; Biastoch, A.; Hünicke, B.: Analysis of the position and strength of westerlies and trades with implications for Agulhas leakage and South Benguela upwelling. Earth System Dynamics. 2019. vol. 10, no. 4, 847-858. DOI: 10.5194/esd-10-847-2019}}
@misc{harms_nutrient_distribution_2019, 
author={Harms, N.,Lahajnar, N.,Gaye, B.,Rixen, T.,Dähnke, K.,Ankele, M.,Schwarz-Schampera, U.,Emeis, K.},
title={Nutrient distribution and nitrogen and oxygen isotopic compositionof nitrate in water masses of the subtropical southern Indian Ocean},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2715-2019},
abstract = {The Indian Ocean subtropical gyre (IOSG) is one of five extensive subtropical gyres in the world's ocean. In contrast to those of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the IOSG has been sparsely studied. We investigate the water mass distributions based on temperature, salinity and oxygen data, and the concentrations of water column nutrients and the stable isotope composition of nitrate, using water samples collected between ∼30∘ S and the Equator during two expeditions: MSM 59/2 in 2016 and SO 259 in 2017. Our results are the first from this oceanic region and provide new information on nitrogen sources and transformation processes. We identify the thick layer of nutrient-depleted surface waters of the oligotrophic IOSG with nitrate (NO−3) and phosphate (PO3−4) concentrations of < 3 and < 0.3 µmol kg−1, respectively (< 300 m; σ < 26.4 kg−1 m−3). Increased nutrient concentrations towards the Equator represent the northern limb of the gyre, which is characterized by typical strong horizontal gradients of the outcropping nutriclines. The influx of the Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) from the Southern Ocean injects oxygen-saturated waters with preformed nutrients, indicated by the increased N and O isotope composition of nitrate (δ15N > 7 ‰; δ18O > 4 ‰) at 400–500 m (26.6–26.7 kg−1 m−3), into the subtropical thermocline. These values reflect partial N assimilation in the Southern Ocean. Moreover, in the northern study area, a residue of nitrate affected by denitrification in the Arabian Sea is imported into intermediate and deep water masses (> 27.0 kg−1 m−3) of the gyre, indicated by an N deficit (N* ∼−1 to −4 µmol kg−1) and by elevated isotopic ratios of nitrate (δ15N > 7 ‰; δ18O > 3 ‰). Remineralization of partially assimilated organic matter, produced in the subantarctic, leads to a decoupling of N and O isotopes in nitrate and results in a relatively low Δ(15–18) value of < 3 ‰ within the SAMW. In contrast, remineralization of 15N-enriched organic matter from the Arabian Sea indicates higher Δ(15–18) values of > 4 ‰ within the Red Sea–Persian Gulf Intermediate Water (RSPGIW). Thus, the subtropical southern Indian Ocean is supplied by preformed nitrate from the lateral influx of water masses from regions exhibiting distinctly different N-cycle processes documented in the dual isotope composition of nitrate. Additionally, a significant contribution of N2 fixation between 20.36 and 23.91∘ S is inferred from reduced δ15N–NO−3 values towards surface waters (upward decrease of δ15N ∼2.4 ‰), N* values of > 2 µmol kg−1 and a relatively low Δ(15–18) value of < 3 ‰. A mass and isotope budget implies that at least 32 %–34 % of the nitrate in the upper ocean between 20.36 and 23.91∘ S is provided from newly fixed nitrogen, whereas N2 fixation appears to be limited by iron or temperature south of 26∘ S.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2715-2019} (DOI). Harms, N.; Lahajnar, N.; Gaye, B.; Rixen, T.; Dähnke, K.; Ankele, M.; Schwarz-Schampera, U.; Emeis, K.: Nutrient distribution and nitrogen and oxygen isotopic compositionof nitrate in water masses of the subtropical southern Indian Ocean. Biogeosciences. 2019. vol. 16, no. 13, 2715-2732. DOI: 10.5194/bg-16-2715-2019}}
@misc{vandam_net_heterotrophy_2019, 
author={Van Dam, B.,Lopes, C.,Osburn, C.,Fourqurean, J.},
title={Net heterotrophy and carbonate dissolution in two subtropical seagrass meadows},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4411-2019},
abstract = {The net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of two seagrass meadows within one of the largest seagrass ecosystems in the world, Florida Bay, was assessed using direct measurements over consecutive diel cycles during a short study in the fall of 2018. We report significant differences between NEP determined by dissolved inorganic carbon (NEPDIC) and by dissolved oxygen (NEPDO), likely driven by differences in air–water gas exchange and contrasting responses to variations in light intensity. We also acknowledge the impact of advective exchange on metabolic calculations of NEP and net ecosystem calcification (NEC) using the “open-water” approach and attempt to quantify this effect. In this first direct determination of NEPDIC in seagrass, we found that both seagrass ecosystems were net heterotrophic, on average, despite large differences in seagrass net above-ground primary productivity. NEC was also negative, indicating that both sites were net dissolving carbonate minerals. We suggest that a combination of carbonate dissolution and respiration in sediments exceeded seagrass primary production and calcification, supporting our negative NEP and NEC measurements. However, given the limited spatial (two sites) and temporal (8 d) extent of this study, our results may not be representative of Florida Bay as a whole and may be season-specific. The results of this study highlight the need for better temporal resolution, accurate carbonate chemistry accounting, and an improved understanding of physical mixing processes in future seagrass metabolism studies.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4411-2019} (DOI). Van Dam, B.; Lopes, C.; Osburn, C.; Fourqurean, J.: Net heterotrophy and carbonate dissolution in two subtropical seagrass meadows. Biogeosciences. 2019. vol. 16, no. 22, 4411-4428. DOI: 10.5194/bg-16-4411-2019}}
@misc{cui_molecular_characterization_2019, 
author={Cui, M.,Li, C.,Chen, Y.,Zhang, F.,Li, J.,Jiang, B.,Mo, Y.,Yan, C.,Zheng, M.,Xie, Z.,Zhang, G.,Zheng, J.},
title={Molecular characterization of polar organic aerosol constituents in off-road engine emissions using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS): implications for source apportionment},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13945-2019},
abstract = {The molecular compositions of polar organic compounds (POCs) in particles emitted from various vessels and excavators were characterized using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), and possible molecular structures of POCs were proposed. POCs were extracted with purified water and sorted by elemental composition into three groups: CHO, CHON, and S-containing compounds (CHONS and CHOS). The results show the following. (i) CHO (accounting for 49% of total POCs in terms of peak response) was the most abundant group for all tested off-road engines, followed by CHON (33 %) and CHOS (35 %) for diesel and HFO (heavy-fuel-oil)-fueled off-road engines. (ii) The abundance and structure of the CHON group in water extracts were different in terms of engine type and load. The relative peak response of CHON was the highest for excavator emissions in working mode, compared to the idling and moving modes. Furthermore, dinitrophenol and methyl dinitrophenol were potentially the most abundant emission species for high-rated speed excavators, while nitronaphthol and methyl nitronaphthol were more important for low-rated speed vessels. (iii) The composition and structure of the S-containing compounds were directly influenced by fuel oil characteristics (sulfur content and aromatic ring), with more condensed aromatic rings in the S-containing compounds proposed in HFO-fueled vessel emissions. More abundant aliphatic chains were inferred in diesel equipment emissions. Overall, higher fractions of condensed hydrocarbons and aromatic rings in POCs emitted from vessels using HFO cause strong optical absorption capacity. Different structures in POCs could provide a direction for qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds as tracers to distinguish these emissions from diesel or HFO-fueled off-road engines.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13945-2019} (DOI). Cui, M.; Li, C.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, F.; Li, J.; Jiang, B.; Mo, Y.; Yan, C.; Zheng, M.; Xie, Z.; Zhang, G.; Zheng, J.: Molecular characterization of polar organic aerosol constituents in off-road engine emissions using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS): implications for source apportionment. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2019. vol. 19, no. 22, 13945-13956. DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-13945-2019}}
@misc{sanders_cold_adapted_2019, 
author={Sanders, T.,Fiencke, C.,Hüpeden, J.,Pfeiffer, E.M.,Spieck, E.},
title={Cold Adapted Nitrosospira sp.: A Potential Crucial Contributor of Ammonia Oxidation in Cryosols of Permafrost-Affected Landscapes in Northeast Siberia},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120699},
abstract = {Permafrost-affected landscape soils are rich in organic matter and contain a high fraction of organic nitrogen, but much of this organic matter remains inaccessible due to nitrogen limitation. Microbial nitrification is a key process in the nitrogen cycle, controlling the availability of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) such as ammonium and nitrate. In this study, we investigate the microbial diversity of canonical nitrifiers and their potential nitrifying activity in the active layer of different Arctic cryosols in the Lena River Delta in North-East Siberia. These cryosols are located on Samoylov Island, which has two geomorphological landscapes with mineral soils in the modern floodplain and organic-rich soils in the low-centered polygonal tundra of the Holocene river terrace. Microcosm incubations show that the highest potential ammonia oxidation rates are found in low organic soils, and the rates depend on organic matter content and quality, vegetation cover, and water content. As shown by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, nitrifiers represented 0.6% to 6.2% of the total microbial community. More than 50% of the nitrifiers belonged to the genus Nitrosospira. Based on PCR amoA analysis, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were found in nearly all soil types, whereas ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) were only detected in low-organic soils. In cultivation-based approaches, mainly Nitrosospira-like AOB were enriched and characterized as psychrotolerant, with temperature optima slightly above 20 °C. This study suggests a ubiquitous distribution of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (bacteria and archaea) in permafrost-affected landscapes of Siberia with cold-adapted AOB, especially of the genus Nitrosospira, as potentially crucial ammonia oxidizers in the cryosols.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120699} (DOI). Sanders, T.; Fiencke, C.; Hüpeden, J.; Pfeiffer, E.; Spieck, E.: Cold Adapted Nitrosospira sp.: A Potential Crucial Contributor of Ammonia Oxidation in Cryosols of Permafrost-Affected Landscapes in Northeast Siberia. Microorganisms. 2019. vol. 7, no. 12, 699. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120699}}
@misc{tchaikovsky_analysis_of_2019, 
author={Tchaikovsky, A.,Häusler, H.,Kralik, M.,Zitek, A.,Irrgeher, J.,Prohaska, T.},
title={Analysis of n(87Sr)/n(86Sr), δ88Sr/86SrSRM987 and elemental pattern to characterise groundwater and recharge of saline ponds in a clastic aquifer in East Austria},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2019.1577832},
abstract = {Elemental and isotopic pattern of n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) and δ88Sr/86SrSRM987 were used to characterise groundwater and recharge of saline ponds in a clastic aquifer in East Austria. Therefore, shallow, artesian and thermal groundwaters of the investigated aquifer along with rainfall and rivers were analysed using (MC) ICP-MS. The n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) ratio and elemental pattern changed with aquifer depth as a result of progressing bedrock leaching and dissolution with increasing groundwater residence time. The n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) ratio of shallow groundwater below saline ponds of 0.71019 ± 0.00044 was significantly different from thermal groundwater of 0.71205 ± 0.00035 (U, k = 2). In contrast to previous theories, this result suggested no recharge of saline ponds by upwelling paleo-seawater. Isotope pattern deconvolution revealed that rainfall accounted to about 60% of the n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) ratio of shallow groundwater below saline ponds. The δ88Sr/86SrSRM987 values of groundwater decreased from about 0.25 ‰ in most shallow, to predominantly negative values of about –0.24 ‰ in artesian groundwater. This result indicated leaching and dissolution of weathered minerals. In turn, the δ88Sr/86SrSRM987 of deep thermal groundwater showed positive values of about 0.12 ‰, which suggested removal of 86Sr from solution by carbonate precipitation. These results highlight the potential of δ88Sr/86SrSRM987 signature as an additional geochemical tracer.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2019.1577832} (DOI). Tchaikovsky, A.; Häusler, H.; Kralik, M.; Zitek, A.; Irrgeher, J.; Prohaska, T.: Analysis of n(87Sr)/n(86Sr), δ88Sr/86SrSRM987 and elemental pattern to characterise groundwater and recharge of saline ponds in a clastic aquifer in East Austria. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies. 2019. vol. 55, no. 2, 179-198. DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2019.1577832}}
@misc{bento_dynamics_of_2019, 
author={Bento, C.,van der Hoeven, S.,Yang, X.,Riksen, M.,Mol, H.,Ritsema, C.,Geissen, V.},
title={Dynamics of glyphosate and AMPA in the soil surface layer of glyphosate-resistant crop cultivations in the loess Pampas of Argentina},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.046},
abstract = {This study investigates the dynamics of glyphosate and AMPA in the soil surface layer of two fields growing glyphosate-resistant crops in the loess Pampas of Córdoba Province, Argentina. Glyphosate decay and AMPA formation/decay were studied after a single application, using decay kinetic models. Furthermore, glyphosate and AMPA concentrations were investigated in runoff to evaluate their off-site risk. During a 2.5-month study, cultivations of glyphosate-resistant soybean and maize received an application of 1.0 and 0.81 kg a.e. ha−1, respectively, of Roundup UltraMax©. Topsoil samples (0–1, 1–2 cm) were collected weekly (including before application) and analysed for glyphosate, AMPA and soil moisture (SM) contents. Runoff was collected from runoff plots (3 m2) and weirs after 2 erosive rainfall events, and analysed for glyphosate and AMPA contents (water, eroded-sediment). Under both cultivations, background residues in soil before application were 0.27–0.42 mg kg−1 for glyphosate and 1.3–1.7 mg kg−1 for AMPA. In the soybean area, the single-first-order (SFO) model performed best for glyphosate decay. In the maize area, the bi-phasic Hockey-Stick (HS) model performed best for glyphosate decay, due to an abrupt change in SM regimes after high rainfall. Glyphosate half-life and DT90 were 6.0 and 19.8 days, respectively, in the soybean area, and 11.1 and 15.4 days, respectively, in the maize area. In the soybean area, 24% of the glyphosate was degraded to AMPA. In the maize area, it was only 5%. AMPA half-life and DT90 were 54.7 and 182 days, respectively, in the soybean area, and 71.0 and 236 days, respectively, in the maize area. Glyphosate and AMPA contents were 1.1–17.5 times higher in water-eroded sediment than in soil. We conclude that AMPA persists and may accumulate in soil, whereas both glyphosate and AMPA are prone to off-site transport with water erosion, representing a contamination risk for surface waters and adjacent fields.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.046} (DOI). Bento, C.; van der Hoeven, S.; Yang, X.; Riksen, M.; Mol, H.; Ritsema, C.; Geissen, V.: Dynamics of glyphosate and AMPA in the soil surface layer of glyphosate-resistant crop cultivations in the loess Pampas of Argentina. Environmental Pollution. 2019. vol. 244, 323-331. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.046}}
@misc{rixen_the_monsoon_2019, 
author={Rixen, T.,Gaye, B.,Emeis, K.},
title={The monsoon, carbon fluxes, and the organic carbon pump in the northern Indian Ocean},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.03.001},
abstract = {Time series sediment trap experiments were carried out at fifteen sites in the northern Indian Ocean between 1986 and 2007. The data on particle flux rates and composition are analyzed in combination with satellite-derived estimates of primary production and results of surface ocean studies during the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study in the Arabian Sea (JGOFS-Indik). The data highlight the influence of the monsoon on the transport of organic carbon into the deep sea and the associated functioning of the organic carbon pump.,The results illustrate the well-known concept of export production, which is driven by inputs of nutrients from the aphotic zone and external reservoirs (the atmosphere and the land) into the euphotic zone. The monsoon drives the organic carbon export through its impact on the physical nutrient supply mechanisms, such as upwelling, vertical mixing, and river discharges. Eolian dust and especially riverine supply of lithogenic matter increase organic carbon fluxes by accelerating the transport of organic matter into the deep sea. Nevertheless, it is preferentially respired in the sub-thermocline and the resulting trapping of remineralized nutrients at this water-depth enforces the influence of upwelling and vertical mixing on the organic carbon fluxes which in the northern Indian Ocean are among the highest worldwide.,Model experiments and measured organic carbon burial rates indicate that a weakening of the summer monsoon strength hardly affected the long-term annual average organic carbon export flux into the deep sea during the last approximately 7000 years. In addition to the summer and winter monsoon strength, which are assumed to be inversely related to each other, monsoon-driven physical impacts on the nutrient trapping efficiency seem to have kept organic carbon fluxes at a high level. A feedback mechanism caused by negative impacts of oxygen concentrations on the respiration and thus nutrient trapping efficiency apparently prevents the development of anoxia to the point where sulfate reduction occurs and sets an upper limit to organic carbon fluxes. Whether changes in the phytoplankton community structure observed in recent decades indicate that this self-regulating system is becoming unstable is open to question.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.03.001} (DOI). Rixen, T.; Gaye, B.; Emeis, K.: The monsoon, carbon fluxes, and the organic carbon pump in the northern Indian Ocean. Progress in Oceanography. 2019. vol. 175, 24-39. DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2019.03.001}}
@misc{rixen_the_ballast_2019, 
author={Rixen, T.,Gaye, B.,Emeis, K.,Ramaswamy, V.},
title={The ballast effect of lithogenic matter and its influences on the carbon fluxes in the Indian Ocean},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-485-2019},
abstract = {Data obtained from long-term sediment trap experiments in the Indian Ocean in conjunction with satellite observations illustrate the influence of primary production and the ballast effect on organic carbon flux into the deep sea. They suggest that primary production is the main control on the spatial variability of organic carbon fluxes at most of our study sites in the Indian Ocean, except at sites influenced by river discharges. At these sites the spatial variability of organic carbon flux is influenced by lithogenic matter content. To quantify the impact of lithogenic matter on the organic carbon flux, the densities of the main ballast minerals, their flux rates and seawater properties were used to calculate sinking speeds of material intercepted by sediment traps. Sinking speeds in combination with satellite-derived export production rates allowed us to compute organic carbon fluxes. Flux calculations imply that lithogenic matter ballast increases organic carbon fluxes at all sampling sites in the Indian Ocean by enhancing sinking speeds and reducing the time of organic matter respiration in the water column. We calculated that lithogenic matter content in aggregates and pellets enhances organic carbon flux rates on average by 45 % and by up to 62 % at trap locations in the river-influenced regions of the Indian Ocean. Such a strong lithogenic matter ballast effect explains the fact that organic carbon fluxes are higher in the low-productive southern Java Sea compared to the high-productive western Arabian Sea. It also implies that land use changes and the associated enhanced transport of lithogenic matter from land into the ocean may significantly affect the CO2 uptake of the organic carbon pump in the receiving ocean areas.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-485-2019} (DOI). Rixen, T.; Gaye, B.; Emeis, K.; Ramaswamy, V.: The ballast effect of lithogenic matter and its influences on the carbon fluxes in the Indian Ocean. Biogeosciences. 2019. vol. 16, no. 2, 485-503. DOI: 10.5194/bg-16-485-2019}}
@misc{horwitz_highfrequency_variability_2019, 
author={Horwitz, R.,Hay, A.,Burt, W.,Cheel, R.,Salisbury, J.,Thomas, H.},
title={High-frequency variability of CO2 in Grand Passage, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-605-2019},
abstract = {Assessing changes in the marine carbon cycle arising from anthropogenic CO2 emissions requires a detailed understanding of the carbonate system's natural variability. Coastal ecosystems vary over short spatial and temporal scales, so their dynamics are not well described by long-term and broad regional averages. A year-long time series of pCO2, temperature, salinity, and currents is used to quantify the high-frequency variability of the carbonate system at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia. The seasonal cycle of pCO2 is modulated by a diel cycle that is larger in summer than in winter and a tidal contribution that is primarily M2, with amplitude roughly half that of the diel cycle throughout the year. The interaction between tidal currents and carbonate system variables leads to lateral transport by tidal pumping, which moves alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) out of the bay, opposite to the mean flow in the region, and constitutes a new feature of how this strongly tidal region connects to the larger Gulf of Maine and northwest Atlantic carbon system. These results suggest that tidal pumping could substantially modulate the coastal ocean's response to global ocean acidification in any region with large tides and spatial variation in biological activity, requiring that high-frequency variability be accounted for in assessments of carbon budgets of coastal regions.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-605-2019} (DOI). Horwitz, R.; Hay, A.; Burt, W.; Cheel, R.; Salisbury, J.; Thomas, H.: High-frequency variability of CO2 in Grand Passage, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia. Biogeosciences. 2019. vol. 16, no. 2, 605-616. DOI: 10.5194/bg-16-605-2019}}
@misc{custodio_carbonaceous_components_2019, 
author={Custodio, D.,Alves, C.,Jomolca, Y.,de Castro Vasconcellos, P.},
title={Carbonaceous components and major ions in PM10 from the Amazonian Basin},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.08.011},
abstract = {Air pollution mainly resulting from deforestation and agricultural activities has become one of the major concerns in the Amazonian Basin. A detailed analysis of the PM10 chemical composition is critical for devising pollution control measures and improving climate models. In this study, daily 24-h filter samples were collected and analyzed in different sites of the Amazon Basin between 2008 and 2016 (over 200 samples). The six sampling sites were classified into two groups, one in South Amazonia, a region with strong influence of land occupation, and another in a remote forest region to the North. The high mean concentrations of PM10 and the occurrences of extreme events at the Southern site denote air pollution episodes. High correlations between the temporal trends of PM10 and primary species linked to soil re-suspension and biomass burning highlight the contribution of these sources of air pollution in the region. Significant differences between PM10 in the South and North regions were observed, for which levels of 72.6 ± 66.5 μg m−3 and 8.9 ± 4.2 μg m−3, respectively. The average concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in the aerosol were 5.81 ± 4.18 μg m−3, 2.43 ± 1.65 μg m−3 and 5.17 ± 5.54 μg m−3, 0.51 ± 0.41 μg m−3, respectively, for the Southern and Northern Amazonia sampling sites. The aerosol was largely composed of inorganic species in Southern Amazonia, whose carbonaceous matter accounted for 16% of the gravimetrically measured PM10. However, in the forest region, the contribution of carbonaceous species, mainly OC, accounted for >90% and remained more constant throughout the seasons. Na+ was the dominant water soluble ion in samples from the Southern region, followed by SO4−2, NO3−, Ca2+ and K+. High levels of carbonate (CC) were also observed for these samples. For the Northern region, SO4−2 was the dominant soluble ion, followed by K+ and NH4+. Some of these species exhibited a clear seasonal trend during the study period. This study provides a better understanding of the current state of air pollution in diversified Amazon basin sites.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.08.011} (DOI). Custodio, D.; Alves, C.; Jomolca, Y.; de Castro Vasconcellos, P.: Carbonaceous components and major ions in PM10 from the Amazonian Basin. Atmospheric Research. 2019. vol. 215, 75-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.08.011}}
@misc{mellon_foraminifera_trace_2019, 
author={Mellon, S.,Kienast, M.,Algar, C.,Menocal, P.,Kienast, S.,Marchitto, T.,Moros, M.,Thomas, H.},
title={Foraminifera Trace Anthropogenic CO2 in the NW Atlantic by 1950},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084965},
abstract = {The Northwest Atlantic is a region of major climate change over the twentieth century, affected by the weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. To assess whether the ability of this region to absorb anthropogenic CO2 has been impacted by this change, we present the region's first long‐term carbon isotope (δ13C) time series of fossil foraminifera spanning the past 4,000 years. These records reveal an unprecedented negative δ13C excursion driven by anthropogenic CO2 penetration into the surface ocean, the “Suess effect” signal. This signal (amplitude −0.45‰) emerges in 1950 CE ± 15 with a decrease rate of 0.009 ± 0.001‰/yr. This marine signal is ~30% of the atmospheric Suess effect and emerges over a century later. Based on current estimates of the ratio of δ13CDIC change to dissolved inorganic carbon change and limited constraints on surface ocean residence times, we calculate a mean anthropogenic CO2 uptake rate of 0.6 ± 0.2 μmol/(kg yr) from 1950 to 2005.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084965} (DOI). Mellon, S.; Kienast, M.; Algar, C.; Menocal, P.; Kienast, S.; Marchitto, T.; Moros, M.; Thomas, H.: Foraminifera Trace Anthropogenic CO2 in the NW Atlantic by 1950. Geophysical Research Letters. 2019. vol. 46, no. 24, 14683-14691. DOI: 10.1029/2019GL084965}}
@misc{omar_trends_of_2019, 
author={Omar, A.,Thomas, H.,Olsen, A.,Becker, M.,Skjelvan, I.,Reverdin, G.},
title={Trends of Ocean Acidification and pCO2 in the Northern North Sea, 2003–2015},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004992},
abstract = {For continental shelf regions, the long‐term trend in sea surface carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure (pCO2) and rates of ocean acidification are not accurately known. Here, we investigate the decadal trend of observed wintertime pCO2 as well as computed wintertime pH and aragonite saturation state (Ωar) in the northern North Sea, using the first decade long monthly underway data from a voluntary observing ship covering the period 2004–2015. We also evaluate how seawater CO2 chemistry, in response to physical and biological processes, drives variations in the above parameters on seasonal and interannual timescales.,In the northern North Sea, pCO2, pH, and Ωar are subject to strong seasonal variations with mean wintertime values of 375 ± 11 μatm, 8.17 ± 0.01, and 1.96 ± 0.05. Dissolved inorganic carbon is found to be the primary driver of both seasonal and interannual changes while total alkalinity and sea surface temperature have secondary effects that reduce the changes produced by dissolved inorganic carbon. Average interannual variations during winter are around 3%, 0.1%, and 2% for pCO2, pH, and Ωar, respectively and slightly larger in the eastern part of the study area (Skagerrak region) than in the western part (North Atlantic Water region). Statistically significant long‐term trends were found only in the North Atlantic Water region with mean annual rates of 2.39 ± 0.58 μatm/year, −0.0024 ± 0.001 year‐1, and −0.010 ± 0.003 year‐1 for pCO2, pH, and Ωar, respectively. The drivers of the observed trends as well as reasons for the lack of statistically significant trends in the Skagerrak region are discussed.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004992} (DOI). Omar, A.; Thomas, H.; Olsen, A.; Becker, M.; Skjelvan, I.; Reverdin, G.: Trends of Ocean Acidification and pCO2 in the Northern North Sea, 2003–2015. Journal of Geophysical Research : Biogeosciences. 2019. vol. 124, no. 10, 3088-3103. DOI: 10.1029/2018JG004992}}
@misc{wrede_macrofaunal_irrigation_2019, 
author={Wrede, A.,Andresen, H.,Asmus, R.,Wiltshire, K.,Brey, T.},
title={Macrofaunal irrigation traits enhance predictability of nutrient fluxes across the sediment-water interface},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13165},
abstract = {This study shows that macrofaunal irrigation traits constitute a valuable complement to sediment reworking traits in estimating macrofaunal impact on nutrient fluxes across the sediment-water interface. We correlated density, biomass, community bioturbation potential (BPc, an index based on reworking traits, body mass and density) and community irrigation potential (IPc, an index based on irrigation traits, body mass and density) with nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, silicate and phosphate flux data under different environmental conditions. Generalized linear models performed best with a combination of environmental conditions and irrigation trait-based indices. This was not only a direct effect of the irrigation traits, but also of the scaling factor 0.75 employed in IPc to infer metabolic activity from body mass. Accordingly, predictive models of nutrient flux across the sediment-water interface will profit greatly from incorporating macrofaunal irrigation behaviour by means of trait-based indices.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13165} (DOI). Wrede, A.; Andresen, H.; Asmus, R.; Wiltshire, K.; Brey, T.: Macrofaunal irrigation traits enhance predictability of nutrient fluxes across the sediment-water interface. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2019. vol. 672, 27-42. DOI: 10.3354/meps13165}}
@misc{raudsepp_shipborne_nutrient_2019, 
author={Raudsepp, U.,Maljutenko, I.,Kouts, M.,Granhag, L.,Wilewska-Bien, M.,Hasselöv, I.,Eriksson, M.,Johansson, L.,Jalkanen, J.,Karl, M.,Matthias, V.,Moldanova, J.},
title={Shipborne nutrient dynamics and impact on the eutrophication in the Baltic Sea},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.264},
abstract = {The Baltic Sea is a severely eutrophicated sea-area where intense shipping as an additional nutrient source is a potential contributor to changes in the ecosystem. The impact of the two most important shipborne nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, on the overall nutrient-phytoplankton-oxygen dynamics in the Baltic Sea was determined by using the coupled physical and biogeochemical model system General Estuarine Transport Model–Ecological Regional Ocean Model (GETM-ERGOM) in a cascade with the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) and the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. We compared two nutrient scenarios in the Baltic Sea: with (SHIP) and without nutrient input from ships (NOSHIP). The model uses the combined nutrient input from shipping-related waste streams and atmospheric depositions originating from the ship emission and calculates the effect of excess nutrients on the overall biogeochemical cycle, primary production, detritus formation and nutrient flows. The shipping contribution is about 0.3% of the total phosphorus and 1.25–3.3% of the total nitrogen input to the Baltic Sea, but their impact to the different biogeochemical variables is up to 10%. Excess nitrogen entering the N-limited system of the Baltic Sea slightly alters certain pathways: cyanobacteria growth is compromised due to extra nitrogen available for other functional groups while the biomass of diatoms and especially flagellates increases due to the excess of the limiting nutrient. In terms of the Baltic Sea ecosystem functioning, continuous input of ship-borne nitrogen is compensated by steady decrease of nitrogen fixation and increase of denitrification, which results in stationary level of total nitrogen content in the water. Ship-borne phosphorus input results in a decrease of phosphate content in the water and increase of phosphorus binding to sediments. Oxygen content in the water decreases, but reaches stationary state eventually.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.264} (DOI). Raudsepp, U.; Maljutenko, I.; Kouts, M.; Granhag, L.; Wilewska-Bien, M.; Hasselöv, I.; Eriksson, M.; Johansson, L.; Jalkanen, J.; Karl, M.; Matthias, V.; Moldanova, J.: Shipborne nutrient dynamics and impact on the eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. Science of the Total Environment. 2019. vol. 671, 189-207. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.264}}
@misc{karl_impact_of_2019, 
author={Karl, M.,Bieser, J.,Geyer, B.,Matthias, V.,Jalkanen, J.-P.,Johansson, L.,Fridell, E.},
title={Impact of a nitrogen emission control area (NECA) on the future air quality and nitrogen deposition to seawater in the Baltic Sea region},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1721-2019},
abstract = {Air pollution due to shipping is a serious concern for coastal regions in Europe. Shipping emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in air over the Baltic Sea are of similar magnitude (330 kt yr−1) as the combined land-based NOx emissions from Finland and Sweden in all emission sectors. Deposition of nitrogen compounds originating from shipping activities contribute to eutrophication of the Baltic Sea and coastal areas in the Baltic Sea region. For the North Sea and the Baltic Sea a nitrogen emission control area (NECA) will become effective in 2021; in accordance with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) target of reducing NOx emissions from ships. Future scenarios for 2040 were designed to study the effect of enforced and planned regulation of ship emissions and the fuel efficiency development on air quality and nitrogen deposition. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was used to simulate the current and future air quality situation. The meteorological fields, the emissions from ship traffic and the emissions from land-based sources were considered at a grid resolution of 4×4 km2 for the Baltic Sea region in nested CMAQ simulations. Model simulations for the present-day (2012) air quality show that shipping emissions are the major contributor to atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations over the Baltic Sea. In the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, with the introduction of the NECA, NOx emissions from ship traffic in the Baltic Sea are reduced by about 80 % in 2040. An approximate linear relationship was found between ship emissions of NOx and the simulated levels of annual average NO2 over the Baltic Sea in the year 2040, when following different future shipping scenarios. The burden of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over the Baltic Sea region is predicted to decrease by 35 %–37 % between 2012 and 2040. The reduction in PM2.5 is larger over sea, where it drops by 50 %–60 % along the main shipping routes, and is smaller over the coastal areas. The introduction of NECA is critical for reducing ship emissions of NOx to levels that are low enough to sustainably dampen ozone (O3) production in the Baltic Sea region. A second important effect of the NECA over the Baltic Sea region is the reduction in secondary formation of particulate nitrate. This lowers the ship-related PM2.5 by 72 % in 2040 compared to the present day, while it is reduced by only 48 % without implementation of the NECA. The effect of a lower fuel efficiency development on the absolute ship contribution of air pollutants is limited. Still, the annual mean ship contributions in 2040 to NO2, sulfur dioxide and PM2.5 and daily maximum O3 are significantly higher if a slower fuel efficiency development is assumed. Nitrogen deposition to the seawater of the Baltic Sea decreases on average by 40 %–44 % between 2012 and 2040 in the simulations. The effect of the NECA on nitrogen deposition is most significant in the western part of the Baltic Sea. It will be important to closely monitor compliance of individual ships with the enforced and planned emission regulations.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1721-2019} (DOI). Karl, M.; Bieser, J.; Geyer, B.; Matthias, V.; Jalkanen, J.; Johansson, L.; Fridell, E.: Impact of a nitrogen emission control area (NECA) on the future air quality and nitrogen deposition to seawater in the Baltic Sea region. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2019. vol. 19, no. 3, 1721-1752. DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-1721-2019}}
@misc{tchaikovsky_chemometric_tools_2019, 
author={Tchaikovsky, A.,Zitek, A.,Irrgeher, J.,Opper, C.,Scheiber, R.,Moder, K.,Congiu, L.,Prohaska, T.},
title={Chemometric tools for determining site-specific elemental and strontium isotopic fingerprints in raw and salted sturgeon caviar},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-019-03363-4},
abstract = {This study presents a chemometric protocol for the determination of site-specific elemental and strontium isotopic fingerprints in sturgeon caviar. The elemental and strontium isotopic composition of water, fish feed, salt, raw (i.e., unsalted) and salted sturgeon caviar samples from six fish farms in Europe and Iran was determined by (multi-collector) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ((MC) ICP–MS). Multiple linear regression revealed six site-specific markers absorbed from water into sturgeon caviar (n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) isotope ratio and content of Na, Mn, Cu, Mo, Fe/Ca). Salting changed the chemical composition of four (n(87Sr)/n(86Sr), Na, Mn, Fe/Ca) of the six site-specific markers significantly. Washing of salted caviar could not fully remove the influence of salt on the affected site-specific markers. Therefore, a novel mathematical procedure based on mass balance calculations was developed for determining the n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) isotope ratio absorbed from water into sturgeon caviar. The resulting variable is an estimate for the environmental strontium isotopic signal and independent of the production process. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the combination of the mathematically determined n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) isotope ratio of water in sturgeon caviar and two site-specific markers, which were not affected by salting (Cu, Mo), allowed differentiating salted caviar samples from six fish farms into five distinct clusters. The proposed combination of statistical and mathematical tools provides the basis for origin determination of salted sturgeon caviar using site-specific elemental and strontium isotopic fingerprints, even in cases where the initial environmental signature was altered by the production process.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-019-03363-4} (DOI). Tchaikovsky, A.; Zitek, A.; Irrgeher, J.; Opper, C.; Scheiber, R.; Moder, K.; Congiu, L.; Prohaska, T.: Chemometric tools for determining site-specific elemental and strontium isotopic fingerprints in raw and salted sturgeon caviar. European Food Research & Technology. 2019. vol. 245, no. 11, 2515-2528. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03363-4}}
@misc{burdanowitz_holocene_monsoon_2019, 
author={Burdanowitz, N.,Gaye, B.,Hilbig, L.,Lahajnar, N.,Lückge, A.,Rixen, T.,Emeis, K.-C.},
title={Holocene monsoon and sea level-related changes of sedimentation in the northeastern Arabian Sea},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.03.003},
abstract = {The Indian Monsoon and the westerlies strongly influence the sedimentation in the northeastern Arabian Sea by impacting rainfall and erosion on land and on biogeochemical processes in the ocean. To disentangle the terrestrial and oceanic processes, we analysed mineralogical and bulk geochemical components of a Holocene sediment core offshore Pakistan. Endmember modelling of grain sizes and principal component analyses (PCA) of major and trace elements identify the origin of sediments and their dominant mode of transport. Sedimentation processes during the early Holocene (10.8–8.2 ka BP) were influenced by the post-glacial sea level rise and orbitally forced strengthening of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and westerlies. This led to a shift from rather terrestrial-dominated towards a marine-dominated sedimentation, whereas the fluvial source shifted from the Makran rivers to the Hab River near Karachi. During the mid-Holocene (8.2–4.2 ka BP) a combination of weakening ISM and southward displacement of the ITCZ enhanced the influence of the westerlies, together decreasing river discharges and enhancing aeolian input (probably from the Sistan Basin region). This trend continued during the last ca. 4 ka when the increasing aridification of the Hab River catchment further increased the aeolian inputs. Solar and lunar driven short-term variations as well as Bond events known from the North Atlantic Ocean superpose these trends. They lead to a pronounced increase of fluvial inputs between 8.6–8.4 ka BP and at ca. 3 ka BP as well as to dry events around 4.2 ka and 1.2–1 ka BP. Our study highlights the increasing influence of the westerlies on the sedimentation processes in the northeastern Arabian Sea towards the late Holocene.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.03.003} (DOI). Burdanowitz, N.; Gaye, B.; Hilbig, L.; Lahajnar, N.; Lückge, A.; Rixen, T.; Emeis, K.: Holocene monsoon and sea level-related changes of sedimentation in the northeastern Arabian Sea. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 2019. vol. 166, 6-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.03.003}}
@misc{zhang_emission_factors_2019, 
author={Zhang, F.,Chen, Y.,Cui, M.,Feng, Y.,Yang, X.,Chen, J.,Zhang, Y.,Gao, H.,Tian, C.,Matthias, V.,Liu, H.},
title={Emission factors and environmental implication of organic pollutants in PM emitted from various vessels in China},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.006},
abstract = {Organic pollutants from ship exhaust have significant health and air quality impact in coastal areas; their profiles are also in urgent need. Studies on organic pollutants from ships are still rare, especially in China. Therefore, 21 PAHs and 29 n-alkanes in PM emitted from 15 ships with different types and fuels under different operating modes in China were tested in this study. The results showed that: (1) Identified organic matters accounted for 0.15%–23.3% of PM. Fuel-based emission factors (EFs) for ∑16PAHs ranged from 0.095 to 5.80 mg (kg fuel)−1, with low-engine-power fishing boats and heavy fuel oil (HFO) training ship had higher values compared with light diesel vessels. EFs for ∑n-alkanes ranged from 5.22 to 1589 mg (kg fuel)−1, with low-engine-power fishing boats had higher values compared with other vessels. (2) The dominant PAHs were medium molecular weight components of Pyr, Flua, Phe, and Chr. N-alkanes from C15 to C33 accounted for more than 97% of the total n-alkanes. (3) Ratios of typical PAHs and n-alkanes parameters in this study showed typical diagnostic characteristics of oil combustion source. Profiles and diagnostic characteristics of PAHs together with n-alkanes could provide a more precise source apportionment result in the future. (4) Besides, PAHs in PM emitted from ships inferred non-ignorable health influence.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.006} (DOI). Zhang, F.; Chen, Y.; Cui, M.; Feng, Y.; Yang, X.; Chen, J.; Zhang, Y.; Gao, H.; Tian, C.; Matthias, V.; Liu, H.: Emission factors and environmental implication of organic pollutants in PM emitted from various vessels in China. Atmospheric Environment. 2019. vol. 200, 302-311. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.006}}
@misc{kowalski_corrigendum_to_2019, 
author={Kowalski, N.,Dellwig, O.,Beck, M.,Gräwe, U.,Neubert, N.,Nägler, T.F.,Badewien, T.H.,Brumsack, H.-J.,van Beusekom, J.E.E.,Böttcher, M.E.},
title={Corrigendum to ‘‘Pelagic molybdenum concentration anomalies and the impact of sediment resuspension on the molybdenum budget in two tidal systems of the North Sea” [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 119 (2013) 198–211]},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.07.023},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.07.023} (DOI). Kowalski, N.; Dellwig, O.; Beck, M.; Gräwe, U.; Neubert, N.; Nägler, T.; Badewien, T.; Brumsack, H.; van Beusekom, J.; Böttcher, M.: Corrigendum to ‘‘Pelagic molybdenum concentration anomalies and the impact of sediment resuspension on the molybdenum budget in two tidal systems of the North Sea” [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 119 (2013) 198–211]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2019. vol. 262, 243-244. DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2019.07.023}}
@misc{sanders_hot_spots_2018, 
author={Sanders, T.,Schoel, A.,Daehnke, K.},
title={Hot spots of nitrification in the Elbe Estuary and their impact on nitrate regeneration},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0264-8},
abstract = {Estuaries act as an organic matter and nutrient filter in the transition between the land, rivers and the ocean. In the past, high nutrient and organic carbon load and low oxygen concentration made the Elbe River estuary (NW Europe) a sink for dissolved inorganic nitrogen. A recent reduction in loads and subsequent recovery of the estuary changed its biogeochemical function, so that nitrate is no longer removed on its transition towards the coastal North Sea. Nowadays in the estuary, nitrification appears to be a significant nitrate source. To quantify nitrification and determine actively nitrifying regions in the estuary, we measured the concentrations of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, the dual stable isotopes of nitrate and net nitrification rates in the estuary on five cruises from August 2012 to August 2013. The nitrate concentration increased markedly downstream of the port of Hamburg in summer and spring, accompanied by a decrease of nitrate isotope values that was clearest in summer exactly at the location where nitrate concentration started to increase. Ammonium and nitrite peaked in the Hamburg port region (up to 18 and 8 μmol L−1, respectively), and nitrification rates in this region were up to 7 μmol L−1 day−1. Our data show that coupled re-mineralization and nitrification are significant internal nitrate sources that almost double the estuary’s summer nitrate concentration. Furthermore, we find that the port of Hamburg is a hot spot of nitrification, whereas the maximum turbidity zone (MTZ) only plays a subordinate role in turnover of nitrate.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0264-8} (DOI). Sanders, T.; Schoel, A.; Daehnke, K.: Hot spots of nitrification in the Elbe Estuary and their impact on nitrate regeneration. Estuaries and Coasts. 2018. vol. 41, no. 1, 128-138. DOI: 10.1007/s12237-017-0264-8}}
@misc{hess_anthropogenic_nitrogen_2018, 
author={Hess, C.,Niemeyer, T.,Fichtner, A.,Jansen, K.,Kunz, M.,Maneke, M.,Wehrden, H.v.,Quante, M.,Walmsley, D.,Oheimb, G.v.,Haerdtle, W.},
title={Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition alters growth responses of European beech (Fagus sylvativa L.) to climate change},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.024},
abstract = {Global change affects the functioning of forest ecosystems and the services they provide, but little is known about the interactive effects of co-occurring global change drivers on important functions such as tree growth and vitality. In the present study we quantified the interactive (i.e. synergistic or antagonistic) effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and climatic variables (temperature, precipitation) on tree growth (in terms of tree-ring width, TRW), taking forest ecosystems with European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) as an example. We hypothesised that (i) N deposition and climatic variables can evoke non-additive responses of the radial increment of beech trees, and (ii) N loads have the potential to strengthen the trees' sensitivity to climate change. In young stands, we found a synergistic positive effect of N deposition and annual mean temperature on TRW, possibly linked to the alleviation of an N shortage in young stands. In mature stands, however, high N deposition significantly increased the trees’ sensitivity to increasing annual mean temperatures (antagonistic effect on TRW), possibly due to increased fine root dieback, decreasing mycorrhizal colonization or shifts in biomass allocation patterns (aboveground vs. belowground). Accordingly, N deposition and climatic variables caused both synergistic and antagonistic effects on the radial increment of beech trees, depending on tree age and stand characteristics. Hence, the nature of interactions could mediate the long-term effects of global change drivers (including N deposition) on forest carbon sequestration. In conclusion, our findings illustrate that interaction processes between climatic variables and N deposition are complex and have the potential to impair growth and performance of European beech. This in turn emphasises the importance of multiple-factor studies to foster an integrated understanding and models aiming at improved projections of tree growth responses to co-occurring drivers of global change.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.024} (DOI). Hess, C.; Niemeyer, T.; Fichtner, A.; Jansen, K.; Kunz, M.; Maneke, M.; Wehrden, H.; Quante, M.; Walmsley, D.; Oheimb, G.; Haerdtle, W.: Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition alters growth responses of European beech (Fagus sylvativa L.) to climate change. Environmental Pollution. 2018. vol. 233, 92-98. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.024}}
@misc{he_dislocation_dipoleinduced_2018, 
author={He, Y.,Liu, Z.,Zhou, G.,Wang, H.,Bai, C.,Rodney, D.,Appel, F.,Xu, D.,Yang, R.},
title={Dislocation dipole-induced strengthening in intermetallic TiAl},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.09.010},
abstract = {Narrow dislocation dipoles in intermetallic TiAl are systematically investigated by atomic-scale simulations and electron microscopy. The formation energy of narrow dipolar configurations and the activation energy during their evolution are unraveled. We show that faulted dipoles can be stable over experimental timescales, in full agreement with high-resolution observations. Such stable atomic-scale structures provide a strengthening effect significantly larger than the elastic prediction, which deeply influences plasticity in TiAl.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.09.010} (DOI). He, Y.; Liu, Z.; Zhou, G.; Wang, H.; Bai, C.; Rodney, D.; Appel, F.; Xu, D.; Yang, R.: Dislocation dipole-induced strengthening in intermetallic TiAl. Scripta Materialia. 2018. vol. 143, 98-102. DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.09.010}}
@misc{grote_the_potential_2018, 
author={Grote, M.,Bernem, C.van,Boehme, B.,Callies, U.,Calvez, I.,Christie, B.,Colcomb, K.,Damian, H.-P.,Farke, H.,Graebsch, C.,Hunt, A.,Hoefer, T.,Knaack, J.,Kraus, U.,Le Floch, S.,Le Lann, G.,Leuchs, H.,Nagel, A.,Nies, H.,Nordhausen, W.,Rauterberg, J.,Reichenbach, D.,Scheiffarth, G.,Schwichtenberg, F.,Theobald, N.,Voß, J.,Wahrendorf, D.-S.},
title={The potential for dispersant use as a maritime oil spill response measure in German waters},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.050},
abstract = {In case of an oil spill, dispersant application represents a response option, which enhances the natural dispersion of oil and thus reduces coating of seabirds and coastal areas. However, as oil is transferred to the water phase, a trade-off of potential harmful effects shifted to other compartments must be performed. This paper summarizes the results of a workshop on the current knowledge on risks and benefits of the use of dispersants with respect to specific conditions encountered at the German sea areas. The German North Sea coast is a sensitive ecosystem characterised by tidal flats, barrier islands and salt marshes. Many prerequisites for a potential integration of dispersants as spill response option are available in Germany, including sensitivity maps and tools for drift modelling of dispersed and undispersed oil. However, open scientific questions remain concerning the persistence of dispersed oil trapped in the sediments and potential health effects.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.050} (DOI). Grote, M.; Bernem, C.; Boehme, B.; Callies, U.; Calvez, I.; Christie, B.; Colcomb, K.; Damian, H.; Farke, H.; Graebsch, C.; Hunt, A.; Hoefer, T.; Knaack, J.; Kraus, U.; Le Floch, S.; Le Lann, G.; Leuchs, H.; Nagel, A.; Nies, H.; Nordhausen, W.; Rauterberg, J.; Reichenbach, D.; Scheiffarth, G.; Schwichtenberg, F.; Theobald, N.; Voß, J.; Wahrendorf, D.: The potential for dispersant use as a maritime oil spill response measure in German waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2018. vol. 129, no. 2, 623-632. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.050}}
@misc{lange_governance_barriers_2018, 
author={Lange, M.,O´Hagan, A.M.,Devoy, R.R.N.,Le Tissier, M.,Cummins, V.},
title={Governance barriers to sustainable energy transitions – Assessing Ireland's capacity towards marine energy futures},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.11.020},
abstract = {Marine energies (ME), including offshore hydcrocarbons along with marine renewable energies (MRE), such as offshore wind, wave and tidal energy, are increasingly important in the future energy mix of many nations. We observe that ME governance is complex, as development offshore involves engagement and may often result in conflict.,This paper examines the Irish case, where offshore gas and oil remain relatively undeveloped, and yet have provoked extensive controversy. Moreover, Ireland exhibits very ambitious plans for MRE developments. Against a background, where ME development seems to have stalled, the objective of the paper is to analyse the Irish governance setup and its capacity to deliver ME and whether the current system is equipped to enable transition to MREs. Current governance systems lack efficacy in terms of policy integration and enforcement, government oversight, and public trust due to past failures. Although, management approaches have been developed to address some of the barriers, domains such as policy/regulation, industry development and public engagement are disconnected.,Results presented may not simply be generalised, as each country context is different. An analysis of examples with similar issues must focus on studying the context of the governance setup and balances of power across domains.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.11.020} (DOI). Lange, M.; O´Hagan, A.; Devoy, R.; Le Tissier, M.; Cummins, V.: Governance barriers to sustainable energy transitions – Assessing Ireland's capacity towards marine energy futures. Energy Policy. 2018. vol. 113, 623-632. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2017.11.020}}
@misc{apel_environmental_occurrence_2018, 
author={Apel, C.,Tang, J.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.051},
abstract = {Organic UV stabilizers and UV filters are applied to industrial materials and cosmetics worldwide. In plastics they prevent photo-induced degradation, while in cosmetics they protect human skin against harmful effects of UV radiation. This study reports on the occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the surface sediment of the Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas for the first time. In total, 16 out of 21 analyzed substances were positively detected. Concentrations ranged from sub-ng/g dw to low ng/g dw. The highest concentration of 25 ng/g dw was found for octocrylene (OC) in the Laizhou Bay. In the study area, characteristic composition profiles could be identified. In Korea Bay, the dominating substances were OC and ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS). All other analytes were below their method quantification limit (MQL). Around the Shandong Peninsula, highest concentrations of benzotriazole derivatives were observed in this study with octrizole (UV-329) as the predominant compound, reaching concentrations of 6.09 ng/g dw. The distribution pattern of UV-329 and bumetrizole (UV-326) were related (Pearson correlation coefficient r > 0.98, p « 0.01 around the Shandong Peninsula), indicating an identical input pathway and similar environmental behavior.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.051} (DOI). Apel, C.; Tang, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas. Environmental Pollution. 2018. vol. 235, 85-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.051}}
@misc{ritz_openchannel_measurement_2018, 
author={Ritz, S.,Daehnke, K.,Fischer, H.},
title={Open-channel measurement of denitrification in a large lowland river},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-017-0560-1},
abstract = {Denitrification is considered to be the most important pathway removing nitrogen from terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. However, field studies that quantify this process under in situ conditions are sparse, especially in large rivers. Here, we measured N2, the end product of denitrification, directly in the water column of a large 8th order lowland river (Elbe, Germany) using N2/Ar ratios measured by Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry (MIMS). Denitrification was calculated according to the open-channel two-station approach based on Lagrangian sampling along a 580 km long, mostly free flowing river section. Gas exchange was computed by several empirical equations to bound uncertainty in air–water exchange and the resulting fluxes were used to estimate ranges in N2-production. In summer 2011 and spring 2012, we found slight but distinct N2 super saturations in the river water averaging 2.8 and 3.5 µM, respectively. Denitrification rates averaged 18 and 13 mg N m− 2 h− 1 for summer 2011 and spring 2012, respectively. On an annual cycle this corresponds to a nitrogen removal of 10,000 t N year− 1 that is 10% of the total N inputs along the studied river section. These results show that large rivers can remove large amounts of nitrogen during downstream transport and demonstrate that the open-channel N2 method provides a valuable tool to study in situ denitrification not only in small, but also in large rivers.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-017-0560-1} (DOI). Ritz, S.; Daehnke, K.; Fischer, H.: Open-channel measurement of denitrification in a large lowland river. Aquatic Sciences / Research Across Boundaries. 2018. vol. 80, 11. DOI: 10.1007/s00027-017-0560-1}}
@misc{bockelmann_mapping_mud_2018, 
author={Bockelmann, F.-D.,Puls, W.,Kleeberg, U.,Mueller, D.,Emeis, K.-C.},
title={Mapping mud content and median grain-size of North Sea sediments – A geostatistical approach},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.11.003},
abstract = {Sediment grain size is well known for its influence on biogeophysical processes and hence, grain size parameter maps, important elements in an integrated ecological modelling strategy. In this study, a large database was compiled from legacy data on grain size parameters and distributions in North Sea surface sediments. The database was analysed by means of non-linear regression to enable a consistent quantification of various grain size parameters. In a second step, multivariate geostatistics (kriging) were employed to predict the spatial distribution of percentage mud content and median grain size in the North Sea with a resolution of 1 × 1 nautical miles. The results show that incorporation of secondary information in the interpolation led to a physically more realistic representation of large-scale patterns compared to deterministic approaches. An evaluation of map confidence, however, suggests only minor differences in the quality obtained by different kriging techniques. It appears that the data density and distribution are not an issue when it comes to performance. Instead, insufficient metadata constrain the assessment and harmonisation of data sets and introduce uncertainty into the predictions.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.11.003} (DOI). Bockelmann, F.; Puls, W.; Kleeberg, U.; Mueller, D.; Emeis, K.: Mapping mud content and median grain-size of North Sea sediments – A geostatistical approach. Marine Geology. 2018. vol. 397, 60-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2017.11.003}}
@misc{matthias_modeling_emissions_2018, 
author={Matthias, V.,Arndt, J.A.,Aulinger, A.,Bieser, J.,Gon, H.D.van der,Kranenburg, R.,Kuenen, J.,Neumann, D.,Pouliot, G.,Quante, M.},
title={Modeling emissions for three-dimensional atmospheric chemistry transport models},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2018.1424057},
abstract = {Poor air quality is still a threat for human health in many parts of the world. In order to assess measures for emission reductions and improved air quality, three-dimensional atmospheric chemistry transport modeling systems are used in numerous research institutions and public authorities. These models need accurate emission data in appropriate spatial and temporal resolution as input. This paper reviews the most widely used emission inventories on global and regional scale and looks into the methods used to make the inventory data model ready. Shortcomings of using standard temporal profiles for each emission sector are discussed and new methods to improve the spatio-temporal distribution of the emissions are presented. These methods are often neither top-down nor bottom-up approaches but can be seen as hybrid methods that use detailed information about the emission process to derive spatially varying temporal emission profiles. These profiles are subsequently used to distribute bulk emissions like national totals on appropriate grids. The wide area of natural emissions is also summarized and the calculation methods are described. Almost all types of natural emissions depend on meteorological information, which is why they are highly variable in time and space and frequently calculated within the chemistry transport models themselves. The paper closes with an outlook for new ways to improve model ready emission data, for example by using external databases about road traffic flow or satellite data to determine actual land use or leaf area. In a world where emission patterns change rapidly, it seems appropriate to use new types of statistical and observational data to create detailed emission data sets and keep emission inventories up-to-date.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2018.1424057} (DOI). Matthias, V.; Arndt, J.; Aulinger, A.; Bieser, J.; Gon, H.; Kranenburg, R.; Kuenen, J.; Neumann, D.; Pouliot, G.; Quante, M.: Modeling emissions for three-dimensional atmospheric chemistry transport models. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 2018. vol. 68, no. 8, 763-800. DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1424057}}
@misc{brase_anthropogenic_changes_2018, 
author={Brase, L.,Sanders, T.,Daehnke, K.},
title={Anthropogenic changes of nitrogen loads in a small river: external nutrient sources vs. internal turnover processes},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2018.1428580},
abstract = {Anthropogenic nutrient inputs increase the N-load in many aquatic systems, leading to eutrophication and potential changes of biological N-retention capacity. In this study, nitrate inputs in a small river were investigated along a gradient of anthropogenic influence. We aimed to determine changes in nitrate load and isotope signatures in the water column and to identify the anthropogenic influence on biological nitrogen assimilation and nitrification or denitrification in sediments. In seasonal sampling campaigns, we analysed dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations, and stable isotopes of nitrate. To differentiate rates of nitrate production and consumption in the pristine vs. agricultural river section, intact sediment cores were incubated with 15N-labelled nitrate. δ15N values of nitrate in the pristine river section were low, reflecting natural sources, but, as expected, increased with nitrate concentration in all seasons along the gradient. In general, nitrate retention and consumption were higher in the anthropogenically impacted than in the pristine river section, and nitrate consumption exceeded production. In addition to our measurements, modelled results also show that even in a small river, the anthropogenically enhanced consumption capacity is overwhelmed by surplus N-inputs, and nitrate consumption cannot increase in turn with external loads.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2018.1428580} (DOI). Brase, L.; Sanders, T.; Daehnke, K.: Anthropogenic changes of nitrogen loads in a small river: external nutrient sources vs. internal turnover processes. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies. 2018. vol. 54, no. 2, 168-184. DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2018.1428580}}
@misc{lange_governance_challenges_2018, 
author={Lange, M.,Page, G.,Cummins, V.},
title={Governance challenges of marine renewable energy developments in the U.S. – Creating the enabling conditions for successful project development},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.01.008},
abstract = {Increasingly, marine renewable energy developments are viewed as an opportunity to meet climate change obligations, with the added benefit of powering the economy and the creation of jobs. Technical, economic and engineering challenges co-exist with governance challenges in the development of large-scale marine renewable energy projects. This paper addresses the question, if the prerequisites for sustainable project development are evident in selected case studies. It also asks what lessons can be learned from current practice in the context of energy governance at the local level. The authors argue that these lessons can be central enablers to support decision makers in future programmes, to better understand how to build the enabling conditions for programme implementation towards renewable energy at higher spatial scales of governance, importantly the national level. The study builds on a multiple stakeholder approach involving interviews and group discussions with key individuals from industry, government and civil society in emerging pilot programmes along the East Coast of the United States (U.S.). New policy windows were opening at the time of the analysis and ambitious development was underway by a range of actors who are driving progress in the sector and positioning the area to become a major provider of blue energy.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.01.008} (DOI). Lange, M.; Page, G.; Cummins, V.: Governance challenges of marine renewable energy developments in the U.S. – Creating the enabling conditions for successful project development. Marine Policy. 2018. vol. 90, 37-46. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2018.01.008}}
@misc{zhong_occurrences_and_2018, 
author={Zhong, M.,Wu, H.,Mi, W.,Li, F.,Ji, C.,Ebinghaus, R.,Tang, J.,Xie, Z.},
title={Occurrences and distribution characteristics of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in the sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.272},
abstract = {Concentrations and distribution characteristics of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in surface sediment samples were analyzed and discussed for the first time in the open Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS). Three halogenated OPEs [tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), and tris-(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP)] and five non-halogenated OPEs [tri-isobutyl phosphate (TiBP), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tripentyl phosphate (TPeP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and tris-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP)] were detected in this region. The concentrations of eight OPEs in total (Σ8OPEs) ranged from 83 to 4552 pg g− 1 dry weight (dw). The halogenated OPEs showed higher abundances than the non-halogenated ones did, with TCEP, TCPP, and TEHP the main compounds. Generally, concentrations of OPEs in the BS were higher than those in the YS. Riverine input (mainly the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW)) and deposition effect in the mud areas might have influenced the spatial distributions of OPEs. Correlation between OPE concentrations and total organic carbon (TOC) indicated TOC was an effective indicator for the distribution of OPEs. Inventory analysis of OPEs implied that sea sediment might not be the major reservoir of these compounds.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.272} (DOI). Zhong, M.; Wu, H.; Mi, W.; Li, F.; Ji, C.; Ebinghaus, R.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.: Occurrences and distribution characteristics of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in the sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China. Science of the Total Environment. 2018. vol. 615, 1305-1311. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.272}}
@misc{neumann_the_bivalve_2018, 
author={Neumann, A.,Flohr, A.},
title={The bivalve Lembulus bicuspidatus may enhance denitrification in shelf sediment at the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2018.1437774},
abstract = {We collected living individuals of the bivalve Lembulus bicuspidatus, which shows an unusual preference for the oxygen-deficient habitat found at the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone of the southeastern Atlantic. With a series of incubation experiments with 15N-labelled nitrate as a tracer in combination with membrane-inlet mass spectrometry, we studied the potential contribution of L. bicuspidatus to nitrate reduction in the upper sediment layer. Our preliminary results suggest that L. bicuspidatus enhances nitrate reduction if the oxygen concentration is sufficiently low. The Lembulus-mediated nitrate reduction rate is then similar to the rate of microbial nitrate reduction in the surrounding sediment.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2018.1437774} (DOI). Neumann, A.; Flohr, A.: The bivalve Lembulus bicuspidatus may enhance denitrification in shelf sediment at the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone. African Journal of Marine Science. 2018. vol. 40, no. 1, 91-96. DOI: 10.2989/1814232X.2018.1437774}}
@misc{meyer_revisiting_the_2018, 
author={Meyer, M.,Paetsch, J.,Geyer, B.,Thomas, H.},
title={Revisiting the Estimate of the North Sea Air-Sea Flux of CO2 in 2001/2002: The Dominant Role of Different Wind Data Products},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JG004281},
abstract = {For the North Sea, a semi‐enclosed shelf sea in the north‐eastern North Atlantic, the seasonal and annual CO2 air‐sea fluxes (ASF) had been estimated for 2001 and 2002 in earlier work. The underlying observations, ∆pCO2, salinity and temperature had been combined with 6‐hourly wind data derived from ERA40 reanalysis. In order to assess the impact of different wind data products on the computation of CO2 air‐sea fluxes, we compared ERA40 wind data with coastDat data derived from the non‐hydrostatic regional climate model COSMO‐CLM. From the four observational months September, November, February, and May all but the May‐data show higher wind speeds for coastDat than for ERA40, especially off the Norwegian, UK and continental coasts. Largest differences occur in the northern off‐shore areas. The comparison with observed wind data supports this feature generally: At Helgoland, an island in the German Bight, and at the Belgium pile “Westhinder” the ERA40 data underestimate both, the coastDat data and the observations. Wind observations for two Norwegian North Sea platforms were available: At the northern station “Troll” off the Norwegian coast the coastDat data overestimate the observations in winter. At “Ekofisk” in the central North Sea the ERA40 data fit the observations well while the coastDat data slightly overestimate the observational data in all months but in May. The corresponding CO2 ASF estimates show strongest deviations off the Norwegian coast. Using different bulk formulas for determining the net annual ASF resulted in differences due to different wind products of up to 34%.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JG004281} (DOI). Meyer, M.; Paetsch, J.; Geyer, B.; Thomas, H.: Revisiting the Estimate of the North Sea Air-Sea Flux of CO2 in 2001/2002: The Dominant Role of Different Wind Data Products. Journal of Geophysical Research : Biogeosciences. 2018. vol. 123, no. 5, 1511-1525. DOI: 10.1029/2017JG004281}}
@misc{agha_the_effect_2018, 
author={Agha, N.A.,Liu, Z.,Feyerabend, F.,Willumeit-Römer, R.,Gasharova, B.,Heidrich, S.,Mihailova, B.},
title={The effect of osteoblasts on the surface oxidation processes of biodegradable Mg and Mg-Ag alloys studied by synchrotron IR microspectroscopy},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.001},
abstract = {High-resolution analytical methods, including synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy combined with wavelength-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy were applied to study the structure and chemical composition of the oxidized layer of pure and Ag-alloyed Mg exposed to cell culture media without and with osteoblasts. Comparative analysis has been done on pure Mg immersed in two different cell culture media: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) and Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI), whereas Mg-xAg binary alloys (x = 2, 4, 6, 8 wt%) were studied after immersion in DMEM. It is shown that the physicochemical formation of degradation products as well as the activity of the biological component is influenced by the addition of silver. It could be demonstrated that the presence of Ag in the Mg alloy enhances the chemical reaction between Mg and C to form amorphous and/or crystalline MgCO3 on account of CaCO3. As a consequence, the further available P and Ca react easily to form Mg-poor amorphous calcium phosphate phases. Osteoblasts actively adjusted these phases towards hydroxyapatite-like phases.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.001} (DOI). Agha, N.; Liu, Z.; Feyerabend, F.; Willumeit-Römer, R.; Gasharova, B.; Heidrich, S.; Mihailova, B.: The effect of osteoblasts on the surface oxidation processes of biodegradable Mg and Mg-Ag alloys studied by synchrotron IR microspectroscopy. Materials Science and Engineering  C. 2018. vol. 91, 659-668. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.001}}
@misc{jiskra_a_vegetation_2018, 
author={Jiskra, M.,Sonke, J.E.,Obrist, D.,Bieser, J.,Ebinghaus, R.,Myhre, C.L.,Pfaffhuber, K.A.,Waengberg, I.,Kylloenen, K.,Worthy, D.,Martin, L.G.,Labuschagne, C.,Mkololo, T.,Ramonet, M.,Magand, O.,Dommergue, A.},
title={A vegetation control on seasonal variations in global atmospheric mercury concentrations},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0078-8},
abstract = {Anthropogenic mercury emissions are transported through the atmosphere as gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) before they are deposited to Earth’s surface. Strong seasonality in atmospheric Hg(0) concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere has been explained by two factors: anthropogenic Hg(0) emissions are thought to peak in winter due to higher energy consumption, and atmospheric oxidation rates of Hg(0) are faster in summer. Oxidation-driven Hg(0) seasonality should be equally pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere, which is inconsistent with observations of constant year-round Hg(0) levels. Here, we assess the role of Hg(0) uptake by vegetation as an alternative mechanism for driving Hg(0) seasonality. We find that at terrestrial sites in the Northern Hemisphere, Hg(0) co-varies with CO2, which is known to exhibit a minimum in summer when CO2 is assimilated by vegetation. The amplitude of seasonal oscillations in the atmospheric Hg(0) concentration increases with latitude and is larger at inland terrestrial sites than coastal sites. Using satellite data, we find that the photosynthetic activity of vegetation correlates with Hg(0) levels at individual sites and across continents. We suggest that terrestrial vegetation acts as a global Hg(0) pump, which can contribute to seasonal variations of atmospheric Hg(0), and that decreasing Hg(0) levels in the Northern Hemisphere over the past 20 years can be partly attributed to increased terrestrial net primary production.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0078-8} (DOI). Jiskra, M.; Sonke, J.; Obrist, D.; Bieser, J.; Ebinghaus, R.; Myhre, C.; Pfaffhuber, K.; Waengberg, I.; Kylloenen, K.; Worthy, D.; Martin, L.; Labuschagne, C.; Mkololo, T.; Ramonet, M.; Magand, O.; Dommergue, A.: A vegetation control on seasonal variations in global atmospheric mercury concentrations. Nature Geoscience. 2018. vol. 11, 244-250. DOI: 10.1038/s41561-018-0078-8}}
@misc{zhang_occurrences_of_2018, 
author={Zhang, H.,Zhou, Q.,Xie, Z.,Zhou, Y.,Tu, C.,Fu, C.,Mi, W.,Ebinghaus, R.,Christie, P.,Luo, Y.},
title={Occurrences of organophosphorus esters and phthalates in the microplastics from the coastal beaches in north China},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.163},
abstract = {Chemical pollution in the microplastics has been concerned worldwide as pollutants might potentially transfer from the environment to living organisms via plastics. Here, we investigate organophosphorus esters (OPEs) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in the beached microplastics collected from 28 coastal beaches of the Bohai and Yellow Sea in north China. The analyzed microplastics included polyethylene (PE) pellets and fragments, polypropylene (PP) flakes and fragments and polystyrene (PS) foams. The tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP), tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the three predominant compounds found overall. The maximum Σ4 OPEs concentration was 84,595.9 ng g− 1, almost three orders of magnitude higher than the maximum Σ9 PAEs concentration. The PP flakes and PS foams contained the highest concentrations of the additives in contrast to the PE pellets which contained the lowest. The high concentration level of carcinogenic chlorinated OPEs and DEHP with endocrine disrupting effects implied the suggested potential hazards to coastal organisms. Spatial differences and compositional variation of the additives among the different microplastics suggests different origins and residence times in the coastal environment. This indicates that the characteristics of chemical additives might be a useful approach when tracing sources of microplastics in the environment.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.163} (DOI). Zhang, H.; Zhou, Q.; Xie, Z.; Zhou, Y.; Tu, C.; Fu, C.; Mi, W.; Ebinghaus, R.; Christie, P.; Luo, Y.: Occurrences of organophosphorus esters and phthalates in the microplastics from the coastal beaches in north China. Science of the Total Environment. 2018. vol. 616-617, 1505-1512. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.163}}
@misc{bookhagen_ressourcenverbrauch_im_2018, 
author={Bookhagen, B.,Dorner, U.,Damm, S.,bergholtz, J.,Opper, C.,Irrgeher, J.,Prohaska, T.,Koeberl, C.},
title={Ressourcenverbrauch im Fokus - Zum Rohstoffbedarf von Smartphones und deren Recyclingfaehigkeit liegen neue Daten vor},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Die Diskussion über Themen wie „Rohstoffe aus Konfliktregionen“ und „nachhaltiger Bergbau“ hat dazu geführt, dass die Hersteller von Geräten der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) verstärkt mögliche sozioökonomische und ökologische Aspekte des Rohstoffabbaus und der Produktionsstufen berücksichtigen müssen. Auch die mediale Berichterstattung über entsprechende negative Auswirkungen der Produktion entlang der Lieferketten (etwa Amnesty-Bericht zu Kobalt,2016 [1]; „Blood in the Mobile“, 2010 [6]) befördert dieses Umdenken seit einigen Jahren. Als eine Folge der öffentlichen Aufmerksamkeit fordern Konsumenten und Organisationen ein verantwortungsvolles unternehmerisches Handeln, das Konzepte wie „Corporate Social Responsibility“ und „Producer Responsibility“ umsetzt. In den globalen Wertschöpfungsketten ist jedoch immer schwerer nachvollziehbar, woher die Rohstoffe stammen und wie sich die Konsumgüter im Einzelnen zusammensetzen.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Bookhagen, B.; Dorner, U.; Damm, S.; bergholtz, J.; Opper, C.; Irrgeher, J.; Prohaska, T.; Koeberl, C.: Ressourcenverbrauch im Fokus - Zum Rohstoffbedarf von Smartphones und deren Recyclingfaehigkeit liegen neue Daten vor. ReSource – Abfall, Rohstoff, Energie. 2018. vol. 31, no. 2, 30-36.}}
@misc{sanders_the_distribution_2018, 
author={Sanders, T.,Laanbroek, H.J.},
title={The distribution of sediment and water column nitrification potential in the hyper-turbid Ems estuary},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-018-0584-1},
abstract = {Estuaries, being transition zones between land and ocean, act as sink or source of nitrate and thus influence the conditions in adjacent coastal waters. Hence, nitrification, which is the process oxidizing ammonium via nitrite to nitrate and simultaneously consuming oxygen, is important in estuaries. The process has been studied in sediment and water column of many estuaries, but seldom in both estuarine compartments at the same time. In August 2014, we collected water and sediment samples during a sampling trip along the salinity gradient of the hyper-turbid Ems estuary, which ends up in the North Sea. We conducted nitrification incubations in microcosms to determine nitrification potentials and we measured a suite of abiotic factors like oxygen saturation, salinity, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). Two approaches were used, one isotope dilution method for net (NNP) and gross (GNP) nitrification potentials and one method with substrate addition for substrate induced nitrification potentials (SNP). The long-term incubation set-ups of several days include inseparably nitrification-coupled processes like remineralization and nitrate consumption, as well as cell growth, and hence they do not represent in-situ rates of nitrification. DNA was also isolated and used for quantitative PCR of the archaeal and bacterial amoA genes, which encode for the ammonia-oxidizing enzyme ammonia monooxygenase (AMO). Nitrification varied over the salinity gradient of the estuary. GNP in water and sediments decreased with increasing salinity. No NNP could be measured in the sediments of the oligohaline part of the estuary, while SNP was four-fold higher than GNP in this part of the estuary. Generally, the gene abundance of the amoA gene was higher in the oligohaline/mesohaline area than in the polyhaline area, and archaea dominated the ammonia-oxidizing communities in all samples. The local similarity in partitioning of archaeal and bacterial amoA genes over the water column and sediment at each sampling station along the estuarine gradient implied a link between the archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers in both compartments, which is likely due to resuspension of sediment particles in the water column of this hyper-turbid estuary.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-018-0584-1} (DOI). Sanders, T.; Laanbroek, H.: The distribution of sediment and water column nitrification potential in the hyper-turbid Ems estuary. Aquatic Sciences / Research Across Boundaries. 2018. vol. 80, 33. DOI: 10.1007/s00027-018-0584-1}}
@misc{apel_environmental_occurrence_2018, 
author={Apel, C.,Joerss, H.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Environmental occurrence and hazard of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of European North and Baltic Seas},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.105},
abstract = {UV absorbing compounds are of emerging concern due to their large production volumes, their persistence or pseudo-persistence, and their potential adverse effects. This is the first study investigating the environmental occurrence and potential hazard of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the North and Baltic Sea surface sediments, including the connecting Skagerrak and Kattegat straits. In total, nineteen substances were identified over the entire study area, including the rarely studied compounds ethylhexyl triazone (EHT) and bisoctrizole (UV-360). Octocrylene (OC) was the predominant compound in this study with regard to detection frequency (79%) and concentrations (up to 9.7 ng/g dw). OC accounted for more than 65% of UV stabilizer contamination in the German Bight. The triazine derivative EHT was quantified in the Rhine-Meuse-Delta and the German Bight in concentrations up to 2.0 ng/g dw. In the Baltic Sea, benzotriazole UV stabilizers accounted for 60% of the contamination, with UV-360 as the main substance. The estimated environmental hazard quotients indicated a negligible impact on benthic and sediment-dwelling organisms in the North and Baltic Seas. Region-specific contamination pattern and riverine influences were revealed. The results suggest that both direct and indirect sources contribute to the UV stabilizer and UV filter contamination in the study area.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.105} (DOI). Apel, C.; Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Environmental occurrence and hazard of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of European North and Baltic Seas. Chemosphere. 2018. vol. 212, 254-261. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.105}}
@misc{arndt_implementation_of_2018, 
author={Arndt, J.A.,Aulinger, A.,Matthias, V.},
title={Implementation of different big-leaf canopy reduction functions in the Biogenic Emission Inventory System (BEIS) and their impact on concentrations of oxidized nitrogen species in northern Europe},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.07.035},
abstract = {Canopy reduction describes NO2 flux reduction at leaf stomata. We implemented the big-leaf reduction approaches of Wang et al. (1998) and Yienger and Levy (1995) in the Biogenic Emission Inventory System (BEIS) and compared them with the BEIS standard approach. The different reduction functions lead to a reduction of 17 Gg N or 27 Gg N respectively of nitrogen emission in comparison to the standard approach which reduces the nitrogen flux by about 1 Gg N in the three summer months of 2012. These are significant differences to the standard approach. The concentration reduction of oxidized reactive nitrogen in the model area shows also a significant reduction. While concentration reduction in central europe is low, in more rural regions of Europe, concentration changes are considerably higher. The calculated concentrations of NO2 show a significant improvement of the model performance when compared to EMEP observations in central Europe. This study favors the implementation and use of canopy reduction factors, especially the parameterization of Wang et al. (1998), for regional and global emission models for reasons of model physical correctness and improved model results.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.07.035} (DOI). Arndt, J.; Aulinger, A.; Matthias, V.: Implementation of different big-leaf canopy reduction functions in the Biogenic Emission Inventory System (BEIS) and their impact on concentrations of oxidized nitrogen species in northern Europe. Atmospheric Environment. 2018. vol. 191, 302-311. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.07.035}}
@misc{petersen_ferrybox_data_2018, 
author={Petersen, W.,Reinke, S.,Breitbach, G.,Petschatnikov, M.,Wehde, H.,Thomas, H.},
title={FerryBox Data in the North Sea from 2002 to 2005},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1729-2018},
abstract = {From 2002 to 2005 a FerryBox system was installed aboard two different ferries travelling between Cuxhaven (GE) and Harwich (UK) on a daily basis. The FerryBox system is an automated flow-through monitoring system for measuring oceanographic and biogeochemical parameters installed on ships of opportunity. The variables were recorded in a time interval of 10–20 seconds corresponding to a spatial resolution of about 100 m. The dataset provides the parameters water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a fluorescence. There is a longer data gap between November 2002 and August 2003 in the time series due to a change of the vessel in October 2002. The data are available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.883824 and as part of the COSYNA data portal CODM at http://codm.hzg.de/codm or doi:10.17616/R3K02T.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1729-2018} (DOI). Petersen, W.; Reinke, S.; Breitbach, G.; Petschatnikov, M.; Wehde, H.; Thomas, H.: FerryBox Data in the North Sea from 2002 to 2005. Earth System Science Data. 2018. vol. 10, no. 3, 1729-1734. DOI: 10.5194/essd-10-1729-2018}}
@misc{cormier_the_sciencepolicy_2018, 
author={Cormier, R.,Stelzenmueller, V.,Creed, I.F.,Igras, J.,Rambo, H.,Callies, U.,Johnson, L.B.},
title={The science-policy interface of risk-based freshwater and marine management systems: From concepts to practical tools},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.053},
abstract = {Maintaining the current state of ecosystem services from freshwater and marine ecosystems around the world is at risk. Cumulative effects of multiple human pressures on ecosystem components and functions are indicative of residual pressures that “fall through” the cracks of current industry sector management practices. Without an understanding of the level of residual pressures generated by these measures, we are unlikely to reconcile the root causes of ecosystem effects to improve these management practices to reduce their residual pressures. In this paper, we present a new modelling framework that combines a qualitative and quantitative assessments of the effectiveness of the measures used in the daily operations of industry sectors to predict their residual pressure that is delivered to the ecosystem. The predicted residual pressure can subsequently be used as an input variable for ecosystem models. We combine the Bow-tie analysis of the measures with a Bayesian belief network to quantify the effectiveness of the measures and predict the residual pressures.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.053} (DOI). Cormier, R.; Stelzenmueller, V.; Creed, I.; Igras, J.; Rambo, H.; Callies, U.; Johnson, L.: The science-policy interface of risk-based freshwater and marine management systems: From concepts to practical tools. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018. vol. 226, 340-346. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.053}}
@misc{felthaus_adipose_tissuederived_2018, 
author={Felthaus, O.,Schoen, T.,Schiltz, D.,Aung, T.,Kuehlmann, B.,Jung, F.,Anker, A.,Klein, S.,Prantl, L.},
title={Adipose tissue-derived stem cells from affected and unaffected areas in patients with multiple symmetric lipomatosis show differential regulation of mTOR pathway genes},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189107},
abstract = {BACKGROUND:,Multiple symmetric lipomatosis is a rare disease characterized by the excessive growth of uncapsulated masses of adipose tissue. Although the etiology has yet to be elucidated, a connection to brown adipose tissue has been proposed recently. The mTOR pathway which is found to be regulated in lipomatous tissue as well as associated with brown adipose tissue can be inhibited by a compound called rapamycin.,METHODS:,We isolated adipose tissue derived stem cells from both affected and unaffected tissue and treated these cells with different concentrations of rapamycin.,RESULTS:,The differences in both proliferation and differentiation between adipose tissue derived stem cells (ASCs) from lipomatous and normal tissue decreased after mTOR pathway inhibition. In some patients regulation of mTOR genes was opposed in the ASCs from the two different tissues.,CONCLUSIONS:,Treatment with rapamycin might be a novel therapeutical approach for patients suffering from multiple symmetric lipomatosis.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189107} (DOI). Felthaus, O.; Schoen, T.; Schiltz, D.; Aung, T.; Kuehlmann, B.; Jung, F.; Anker, A.; Klein, S.; Prantl, L.: Adipose tissue-derived stem cells from affected and unaffected areas in patients with multiple symmetric lipomatosis show differential regulation of mTOR pathway genes. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2018. vol. 69, no. 1-2, 141-151. DOI: 10.3233/CH-189107}}
@misc{hiebl_albumin_solder_2018, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Ascher, L.,Luetzow, K.,Kratz, K.,Gruber, C.,Mrowietz, C.,Nehring, M.E.,Lendlein, A.,Franke, R.-P.,Jung, F.},
title={Albumin solder covalently bound to a polymer membrane: New approach to improve binding strength in laser tissue soldering in-vitro},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189108},
abstract = {Laser tissue soldering (LTS) based on indocyanine green (ICG)-mediated heat-denaturation of proteins might be a promising alternative technique for micro-suturing, but up to now the problem of too weak shear strength of the solder welds in comparison to sutures is not solved. Earlier reports gave promising results showing that solder supported by carrier materials can enhance the cohesive strength of the liquid solder. In these studies, the solder was applied to the carriers by dip coating. Higher reliability of the connection between the solder and the carrier material is expected when the solder is bound covalently to the carrier material. In the present study a poly(ether imide) (PEI) membrane served as carrier material and ICG-supplemented albumin as solder substrate. The latter was covalently coupled to the carrier membrane under physiological conditions to prevent structural protein changes. As laser source a diode continuous-wave laser emitting at 808 nm with intensities between 250 mW and 1500 mW was utilized. The albumin functionalized carrier membrane was placed onto the tunica media of explanted pig thoracic aortae forming an overlapping area of approximately 0.5×0.5 cm2. All tests were performed in a dry state to prevent laser light absorption by water. Infrared spectroscopy, spectro-photometrical determination of the secondary and primary amine groups after acid orange II staining, contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy proved the successful functionalization of the PEI membrane with albumin. A laser power of 450 mW LTS could generate a membrane-blood vessel connection which was characterized by a shear strength of 0.08±0.002 MPa, corresponding to 15% of the tensile strength of the native blood vessel. Theoretically, an overlapping zone of 4.1 mm around the entire circumference of the blood vessel could have provided shear strength of the PEI membrane-blood vessel compound identical to the tensile strength of the native blood vessel. These in-vitro results confirmed the beneficial effects of solder reinforcement by carrier membranes, and suggest LTS with covalently bound solders on PEI substrates for further studies in animal models.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189108} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Ascher, L.; Luetzow, K.; Kratz, K.; Gruber, C.; Mrowietz, C.; Nehring, M.; Lendlein, A.; Franke, R.; Jung, F.: Albumin solder covalently bound to a polymer membrane: New approach to improve binding strength in laser tissue soldering in-vitro. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2018. vol. 69, no. 1-2, 317-326. DOI: 10.3233/CH-189108}}
@misc{kruegergenge_comparison_of_2018, 
author={Krueger-Genge, A.,Schulz, C.,Kratz, K.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Comparison of two substrate materials used as negative control in endothelialization studies: Glass versus polymeric tissue culture plate},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189904},
abstract = {The endothelialization of synthetic surfaces applied as cardiovascular implant materials is an important issue to ensure the anti-thrombotic quality of a biomaterial. However, the rapid and constant development of a functionally-confluent endothelial cell monolayer is challenging. In order to investigate the compatibility of potential implant materials with endothelial cells several in vitro studies are performed. Here, glass and tissue culture plates (TCP) are often used as reference materials for in vitro pre-testing. However, a direct comparison of both substrates is lacking.,Therefore, a comparison of study results is difficult, since results are often related to various reference materials. In this study, the endothelialization of glass and TCP was investigated in terms of adherence, morphology, integrity, viability and function using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).,On both substrates an almost functionally confluent HUVEC monolayer was developed after nine days of cell seeding with clearly visible cell rims, decreased stress fiber formation and a pronounced marginal filament band. The viability of HUVEC was comparable for both substrates nine days after cell seeding with only a few dead cells. According to that, the cell membrane integrity as well as the metabolic activity showed no differences between TCP and glass. However, a significant difference was observed for the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8. The concentration of both cytokines, which are associated with migratory activity, was increased in the supernatant of HUVEC seeded on TCP. This result matches well with the slightly increased number of adherent HUVEC on TCP.,In conclusion, these findings indicate that both reference materials are almost comparable and can be used equivalently as control materials in in vitro endothelialization studies.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189904} (DOI). Krueger-Genge, A.; Schulz, C.; Kratz, K.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Comparison of two substrate materials used as negative control in endothelialization studies: Glass versus polymeric tissue culture plate. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2018. vol. 69, no. 3, 437-445. DOI: 10.3233/CH-189904}}
@misc{kruegergenge_evidence_for_2018, 
author={Krueger-Genge, A.,Steinbrecht, S.,Kuepper, J.-H.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Evidence for cytostatic effect of cyclophosphamide on human vein endothelial cells in cancer therapy: Preliminary in vitro results},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189125},
abstract = {In cancer therapy, a number of drugs with different mechanisms of action are in clinical use, which act directly after administration without metabolism, while others only become active in the metabolites produced in the liver. Such drugs/metabolites – especially when administered parenterally – interact in high concentrations with the endothelium. Whether this induces adverse responses of the endothelial cells (EC) is barely studied for many medicaments.,This pilot in vitro study revealed that the addition of cyclophosphamide (CPA) to the culture medium (5 or 10 mM, respectively) showed a clear influence on EC compared to non-treated EC: The number of adherent human vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) decreased by the addition of CPA in a concentration-dependent manner compared to the untreated control, whereby the vitality of adherent cells was not affected. In addition, concomitant with activation of the adherent HUVEC, increased migratory activity occurred.,These results are in agreement with clinical events like thromboses in patients in compromised condition under therapy with CPA, as the detachment of EC might induce responses of circulating platelets leading to the adherence and aggregation with the risk of the formation of thrombi. Whether CPA acts directly or via toxic metabolites on EC will be examined in more detail in following studies.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189125} (DOI). Krueger-Genge, A.; Steinbrecht, S.; Kuepper, J.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Evidence for cytostatic effect of cyclophosphamide on human vein endothelial cells in cancer therapy: Preliminary in vitro results. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2018. vol. 69, no. 1-2, 267-276. DOI: 10.3233/CH-189125}}
@misc{gori_obituary_in_2018, 
author={Gori, T.,Jung, F.},
title={Obituary: In memory of Prof. Dr. Sandro Forconi},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/-189902},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/-189902} (DOI). Gori, T.; Jung, F.: Obituary: In memory of Prof. Dr. Sandro Forconi. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2018. vol. 68, no. 4, 331-332. DOI: 10.3233/-189902}}
@misc{kruegergenge_influence_of_2018, 
author={Krueger-Genge, A.,Braune, S.,Walter, M.,Krengel, M.,Kratz, K.,Kuepper, J.-H.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Influence of different surface treatments of poly(Eta-butyl acrylate) networks on fibroblasts adhesion, morphology and viability},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189130},
abstract = {BACKGROUND:,Physical and chemical characteristics of implant materials determine the fate of long-term cardiovascular devices. However, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms occurring in the material-tissue interphase. In a previous study, soft covalently crosslinked poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks (cPnBA) were introduced as sterilizable, non-toxic and immuno-compatible biomaterials with mechanical properties adjustable to blood vessels. Here we study the influence of different surface treatments in particular oxygen plasma modification and fibrinogen deposition as well as a combinatorial approach on the adhesion and viability of fibroblasts.,MATERIAL AND METHODS:,Two types of cPnBA networks with Young’s moduli of 0.19±0.01 MPa (cPnBA04) and 1.02±0.01 MPa (cPnBA73) were synthesized and post-modified using oxygen plasma treatment (OPT) or fibrinogen coating (FIB) or a combination of both (OPT+FIB). The water contact angles of the differently post-treated cPnBAs were studied to monitor changes in the wettability of the polymer surfaces. Because of the key role of vascular fibroblasts in regeneration processes around implant materials, here we selected L929 fibroblasts as model cell type to explore morphology, viability, metabolic activity, cell membrane integrity as well as characteristics of the focal adhesions and cell cytoskeleton on the cPnBA surfaces.,RESULTS:,Compared to non-treated cPnBAs the advancing water-contact angles were found to be reduced after all surface modifications (p < 0.05, each), while lowest values were observed after the combined surface treatment (OPT+FIB). The latter differed significantly from the single OPT and FIB. The number of adherent fibroblasts and their adherence behavior differed on both pristine cPnBA networks. The fibroblast density on cPnBA04 was 743±434 cells·mm-2, was about 6.5 times higher than on cPnBA73 with 115±73 cells·mm-2. On cPnBA04 about 20% of the cells were visible as very small, round and buckled cells while all other cells were in a migrating status. On cPnBA73, nearly 50% of fibroblasts were visible as very small, round and buckled cells. The surface functionalization either using oxygen plasma treatment or fibrinogen coating led to a significant increase of adherent fibroblasts, particularly the combination of both techniques, for both cPnBA networks. It is noteworthy to mention that the fibrinogen coating overruled the characteristics of the pristine surfaces; here, the fibroblast densities after seeding were identical for both cPnBA networks. Thus, the binding rather depended on the fibrinogen coating than on the substrate characteristics anymore. While the integrity of the fibroblasts membrane was comparable for both polymers, the MTS tests showed a decreased metabolic activity of the fibroblasts on cPnBA.,CONCLUSION:,The applied surface treatments of cPnBA successfully improved the adhesion of viable fibroblasts. Under resting conditions as well as after shearing the highest fibroblast densities were found on surfaces with combined post-treatment.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189130} (DOI). Krueger-Genge, A.; Braune, S.; Walter, M.; Krengel, M.; Kratz, K.; Kuepper, J.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Influence of different surface treatments of poly(Eta-butyl acrylate) networks on fibroblasts adhesion, morphology and viability. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2018. vol. 69, no. 1-2, 305-316. DOI: 10.3233/CH-189130}}
@misc{alhindwan_the_predictive_2018, 
author={Al-Hindwan, H.S.A.,Landmesser, U.,Staehli, B.,Alushi, B.,Curio, J.,Neumann, T.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.,Jacobs, S.,Reinthaler, M.},
title={The predictive value of a modified Carpentier classification in patients with coincidental mitral regurgitation undergoing TAVI for severe aortic valve stenosis},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189906},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION:,Concomitant mitral-regurgitation (MR) is frequently observed in patients undergoing trans-catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The predictive value of MR etiology remains to be elucidated.,METHODS:,600 patients with coincidental MR (≥moderate) undergoing TAVI were categorized according to a modified Carpentier classification [Groups: no/mild MR, n = 477; left atrial (LA) functional MR, n = 18; MR due to left ventricular dilatation, n = 29; degenerative MR, n = 50; MR with restricted leaflet motion n = 26]. MR improvement and patient outcome was compared among the groups in a retrospective analysis.,RESULTS:,MR regression was most pronounced in patients with restricted leaflet motion after 6 months, although a significant improvement was observed in all subgroups. MR relief was predominantly observed within the first 30 days after TAVI. Only patients with restricted leaflet motion experienced further improvement thereafter.,In the entire cohort a total of 15 strokes (2.5%) during the first 30 days after TAVI were observed, with the highest incidence in the LA functional cohort (3 events, 17%; p = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, organic etiology was associated with an increased 1-year mortality.,In conclusion, despite significant MR regression in all MR groups, some individuals may require additional mitralvalve repair after TAVI. According to our data the timing of these procedures should be based on the underlying MR etiology. The Carpentier classification in patients with coincidental MR undergoing TAVI for severe AS may also have prognostic implications as we found an increased incidence of strokes in our LA functional cohort and a worse mortality rates in organic MR.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189906} (DOI). Al-Hindwan, H.; Landmesser, U.; Staehli, B.; Alushi, B.; Curio, J.; Neumann, T.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.; Jacobs, S.; Reinthaler, M.: The predictive value of a modified Carpentier classification in patients with coincidental mitral regurgitation undergoing TAVI for severe aortic valve stenosis. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2018. vol. 70, no. 1, 15-25. DOI: 10.3233/CH-189906}}
@misc{jung_obituary_in_2018, 
author={Jung, F.,Franke, F.-P.},
title={Obituary: In memory of Prof. Dr. Holger Schmid-Schoenbein},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189900},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189900} (DOI). Jung, F.; Franke, F.: Obituary: In memory of Prof. Dr. Holger Schmid-Schoenbein. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2018. vol. 68, no. 1, 1-3. DOI: 10.3233/CH-189900}}
@misc{reinthaler_revival_of_2018, 
author={Reinthaler, M.,Ozga, A.-K.,Sinning, D.,Curio, J.,Al-Hindwan, H.S.,Baeckemo-Johansson, J.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.,Rauch, G.,Landmesser, U.},
title={Revival of transcatheter PFO closure: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials - impact of shunt size and age},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2018.03.025},
abstract = {Background,Transcatheter foramen ovale closure (TPC) has emerged as a potential treatment option for patients with cryptogenic strokes and persistent foramen ovale (PFO). However, previous randomized controlled trials could hardly demonstrate any benefit compared to medical treatment (Med-Tx). Recently new data have become available which may change current practice of transcatheter PFO closure.,Methods,A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing TPC and Med-Tx based on all available multicentric randomized controlled trials was performed. The primary outcome of interest was the recurrence of stroke in both groups.,Results,Five studies met the inclusion criteria with 1829 patients in the TPC and 1622 in the Med-Tx group. The median follow-up was 4 years. In the intention-to-treat analysis we found a statistically significant relative risk reduction in recurrence of strokes in the TPC group compared to the Med-Tx group (pooled hazard ratio (HR): 0.32; 95% CI: 0.13–0.8; P = .018). Excluding one study due to potential publication bias resulted in a pooled HR of 0.48 (95% CI: 0.25–0.91, P = .024). Patients younger than 45 years of age (pooled HR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.16–0.75; P = .007) and those with moderate to severe shunt (pooled HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.14–0.55; P < .001) were more likely to benefit from closure.,Conclusion,According to our meta-analysis TPC plus antiplatelets was superior in terms of stroke prevention when compared to Med-Tx. Furthermore, patients with moderate to severe shunts and those younger than 45 years of age were found to benefit most from TPC.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2018.03.025} (DOI). Reinthaler, M.; Ozga, A.; Sinning, D.; Curio, J.; Al-Hindwan, H.; Baeckemo-Johansson, J.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.; Rauch, G.; Landmesser, U.: Revival of transcatheter PFO closure: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials - impact of shunt size and age. American Heart Journal. 2018. vol. 201, 95-102. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2018.03.025}}
@misc{tim_the_impact_2018, 
author={Tim, N.,Zorita, E.,Schwarzkopf, F.U.,Ruehs, S.,Emeis, K.-C.,Biastoch, A.},
title={The impact of Agulhas leakage on the central water masses in the Benguela upwelling system from a high-resolution ocean simulation},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014218},
abstract = {We analyze the contribution of the Agulhas Current on the central water masses of the Benguela upwelling system (BUS) over the last decades in a high‐resolution ocean simulation driven by atmospheric reanalysis. The BUS is an eastern boundary upwelling system where upwelling of cold nutrient‐rich water favors biomass growth. The two distinct subregions, North and South Benguela, differ in nutrient and oxygen properties of the upwelling water mass. Our analysis indicates that the contribution of Agulhas water to the upwelling is very strong in both subregions. Although the water masses feeding the upwelling have a common origin, their pathways are distinct in both regions. Whereas for the central waters of South Benguela the path is rather direct from where it is formed, the central waters of North Benguela takes a longer route through the equatorial current system. Not only the travel time from the Agulhas Current to the BUS is longer but the central water mass is twice as old for the northern part when compared to the southern. Our analysis traces the pathways, history and origin of the central water masses feeding upwelling in the BUS and emphasizes the direct impact of the Agulhas Current on the upwelling region. The variability of that link between the Indian Ocean and the South Atlantic is likely to change the nutrient and oxygen content, as well as temperature and salinity of the water masses in the upwelling region.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014218} (DOI). Tim, N.; Zorita, E.; Schwarzkopf, F.; Ruehs, S.; Emeis, K.; Biastoch, A.: The impact of Agulhas leakage on the central water masses in the Benguela upwelling system from a high-resolution ocean simulation. Journal of Geophysical Research : Oceans. 2018. vol. 123, no. 12, 9416-9428. DOI: 10.1029/2018JC014218}}
@misc{bookhagen_development_of_2018, 
author={Bookhagen, B.,Obermaier, W.,Opper, C.,Koeberl, C.,Hofmann, T.,Prohaska, T.,Irrgeher, J.},
title={Development of a versatile analytical protocol for the comprehensive determination of the elemental composition of smartphone compartments on the example of printed circuit boards},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ay01192c},
abstract = {A versatile approach to determining the elemental content of more than 50 elements in different components of electronic devices on the example of smartphones was developed. The analytical protocol is based on accurate disassembly of smartphones, a single processing microwave-assisted acid digestion followed by ICP-OES and ICP-MS measurements. Method optimization and validation were performed using the certified reference material ERM®-EZ505 electronic scrap. Combined uncertainties revealed measurement uncertainty and sample heterogeneity as main contributors. The contents of up to 57 elements could be quantified in the certified reference material ERM®-EZ505 electronic scrap. The results of the certified elements Au, Be, Cu, In, Ni, Pd, and Pt overlapped within their uncertainties with the certified range and revealed recoveries of 100% ± 16%. Only Ag shows incomplete recoveries (75% ± 35%). The validated method was applied to all metal-containing components of selected smartphones, excluding batteries. The contents of up to 57 elements could be quantified and are presented exemplarily for printed circuit boards, which represent the most complex components in the investigated smartphones and thus limit the capability of the method. The ten most abundant elements in decreasing order are Cu, Fe, Si, Ni, Sn, Zn, Ba, Al, Cr, Ti, which comprise approx. 80% of the weight of the printed circuit boards. The method allows for the determination of metal content in various parts of modern smartphones, providing the basis for the estimation and prediction of future metal usage and thus the comprehensive investigation of recycling and circular economy aspects.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ay01192c} (DOI). Bookhagen, B.; Obermaier, W.; Opper, C.; Koeberl, C.; Hofmann, T.; Prohaska, T.; Irrgeher, J.: Development of a versatile analytical protocol for the comprehensive determination of the elemental composition of smartphone compartments on the example of printed circuit boards. Analytical Methods. 2018. vol. 10, no. 31, 3864-3871. DOI: 10.1039/c8ay01192c}}
@misc{bradley_advancing_integrated_2018, 
author={Bradley, C.,Bowes, M.J.,Brils, J.,Friedrich, J.,Gault, J.,Groom, S.,Hein, T.,Heininger, P.,Michalopoulos, P.,Panin, N.,Schultz, M.,Stanica, A.,Andrei, I.,Tyler, A.,Umgiesser, G.},
title={Advancing integrated research on European river–sea systems: the DANUBIUS-RI project},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1399107},
abstract = {Research at the interface between terrestrial, riverine, estuarine and marine environments is frequently constrained by significant disciplinary and geographical boundaries. This article outlines an international initiative, DANUBIUS-RI, which aims to address these problems by facilitating biogeochemical monitoring and interdisciplinary research on river–sea systems. The scope of the project spans the environmental, social and economic sciences and was accepted into the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures roadmap in 2016. When operational, DANUBIUS-RI will offer researchers access to interdisciplinary expertise, facilities and European river–sea systems, providing a comprehensive platform for multidisciplinary research and training.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1399107} (DOI). Bradley, C.; Bowes, M.; Brils, J.; Friedrich, J.; Gault, J.; Groom, S.; Hein, T.; Heininger, P.; Michalopoulos, P.; Panin, N.; Schultz, M.; Stanica, A.; Andrei, I.; Tyler, A.; Umgiesser, G.: Advancing integrated research on European river–sea systems: the DANUBIUS-RI project. International Journal of Water Resources Development. 2018. vol. 34, no. 6, 888-899. DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2017.1399107}}
@misc{rocamarti_distribution_of_2018, 
author={Roca-Marti, M.,Puigcorbe, V.,Friedrich, J.,Loeff, M.R.van der,Rabe, B.,Korhonen, M.,Camara-Mor, P.,Garcia-Orellana, J.,Masque, P.},
title={Distribution of 210Pb and 210Po in the Arctic water column during the 2007 sea-ice minimum: Particle export in the ice-covered basins},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2018.09.011},
abstract = {210Pb and 210Po are naturally occurring radionuclides that are commonly used as a proxy for particle and carbon export. In this study, the distribution of the 210Po/210Pb pair was investigated in the water column of the Barents, Kara and Laptev Seas and the Nansen, Amundsen and Makarov Basins in order to understand the particle dynamics in the Arctic Ocean during the 2007 sea-ice minimum (August–September). Minimum activities of total 210Pb and 210Po were found in the upper and lower haloclines (approx. 60–130 m), which are partly attributed to particle scavenging over the shelves, boundary current transport and subsequent advection of the water with low 210Pb and 210Po activities into the central Arctic. Widespread and substantial (> 50%) deficits of 210Po with respect to 210Pb were detected from surface waters to 200 m on the shelves, but also in the basins. This was particularly important in the Makarov Basin where, despite very low chlorophyll-a levels, estimates of annual new primary production were three times higher than in the Eurasian Basin. In the Nansen, Amundsen and Makarov Basins, estimates of annual new primary production correlated with the deficits of 210Po in the upper 200 m of the water column, suggesting that in situ production and subsequent export of biogenic material were the mechanisms that controlled the removal of 210Po in the central Arctic. Unlike 210Po, 234Th deficits measured during the same expedition were found to be very small and not significant below 25 m in the basins (Cai et al., 2010), which indicates, given the shorter half-life of 234Th, that particle export fluxes in the central Arctic would have been higher before July–August in 2007 than later in the season.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2018.09.011} (DOI). Roca-Marti, M.; Puigcorbe, V.; Friedrich, J.; Loeff, M.; Rabe, B.; Korhonen, M.; Camara-Mor, P.; Garcia-Orellana, J.; Masque, P.: Distribution of 210Pb and 210Po in the Arctic water column during the 2007 sea-ice minimum: Particle export in the ice-covered basins. Deep-Sea Research  Part I. 2018. vol. 142, 94-106. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2018.09.011}}
@misc{gaye_glacialinterglacial_changes_2018, 
author={Gaye, B.,Boell, A.,Segschneider, J.,Burdanowitz, N.,Emeis, K.-C.,Ramaswamy, V.,Lahajnar, N.,Lueckge, A.,Rixen, T.},
title={Glacial–interglacial changes and Holocene variations in Arabian Sea denitrification},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-507-2018},
abstract = {At present, the Arabian Sea has a permanent oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) at water depths between about 100 and 1200 m. Active denitrification in the upper part of the OMZ is recorded by enhanced δ15N values in the sediments. Sediment cores show a δ15N increase during the middle and late Holocene, which is contrary to the trend in the other two regions of water column denitrification in the eastern tropical North and South Pacific. We calculated composite sea surface temperature (SST) and δ15N ratios in time slices of 1000 years of the last 25 kyr to better understand the reasons for the establishment of the Arabian Sea OMZ and its response to changes in the Asian monsoon system. Low δ15N values of 4–7 ‰ during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and stadials (Younger Dryas and Heinrich events) suggest that denitrification was inactive or weak during Pleistocene cold phases, while warm interstadials (ISs) had elevated δ15N. Fast changes in upwelling intensities and OMZ ventilation from the Antarctic were responsible for these strong millennial-scale variations during the glacial. During the entire Holocene δ15N values > 6 ‰ indicate a relatively stable OMZ with enhanced denitrification. The OMZ develops parallel to the strengthening of the SW monsoon and monsoonal upwelling after the LGM. Despite the relatively stable climatic conditions of the Holocene, the δ15N records show regionally different trends in the Arabian Sea. In the upwelling areas in the western part of the basin, δ15N values are lower during the mid-Holocene (4.2–8.2 ka BP) compared to the late Holocene (< 4.2 ka BP) due to stronger ventilation of the OMZ during the period of the most intense southwest monsoonal upwelling. In contrast, δ15N values in the northern and eastern Arabian Sea rose during the last 8 kyr. The displacement of the core of the OMZ from the region of maximum productivity in the western Arabian Sea to its present position in the northeast was established during the middle and late Holocene. This was probably caused by (i) reduced ventilation due to a longer residence time of OMZ waters and (ii) augmented by rising oxygen consumption due to enhanced northeast-monsoon-driven biological productivity. This concurs with the results of the Kiel Climate Model, which show an increase in OMZ volume during the last 9 kyr related to the increasing age of the OMZ water mass.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-507-2018} (DOI). Gaye, B.; Boell, A.; Segschneider, J.; Burdanowitz, N.; Emeis, K.; Ramaswamy, V.; Lahajnar, N.; Lueckge, A.; Rixen, T.: Glacial–interglacial changes and Holocene variations in Arabian Sea denitrification. Biogeosciences. 2018. vol. 15, 507-527. DOI: 10.5194/bg-15-507-2018}}
@misc{li_spatial_distribution_2018, 
author={Li, J.,Tang, J.,Mi, W.,Tian, C.,Emeis, K.,Ebinghaus, R.,Xie, Z.},
title={Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Organophosphate Esters in Air above the Bohai and Yellow Seas; China},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03807},
abstract = {Nine organophosphate esters (OPEs) were investigated in air samples collected over the Bohai and Yellow Seas (East Asia) during a research cruise between June 28 and July 13, 2016. These same OPEs were quantified at a research site (North Huangcheng Island, NHI) in the middle of the Bohai Strait from May 16, 2015, to March 21, 2016. The median total OPE (ΣOPE) concentration over the Bohai and Yellow Seas was 280 pg/m3. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) (TCPP) was the most abundant OPE, followed by tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TiBP), and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP). Particle-bound OPEs accounted for 51 ± 21% of the total OPEs. On NHI, the median ΣOPE concentration was 210 pg/m3, and the average particle-bound fraction was 82 ± 17%. For samples collected on NHI, significant negative linear correlations were found between the gaseous OPEs and 1/T (T: temperature (K)) (except TDCP, TPeP, and TCP). Among the 79 investigated samples, significant correlations between the measured OPE gas/particle partitioning coefficients (Kp,m) and subcooled liquid pressure (PL◦) (p < 0.05) were found for only 14 samples, suggesting that OPEs have low potential to achieve equilibrium or ascribe to the artificial sampling. The annual dry deposition input of OPEs into the Bohai and Yellow Seas is estimated to be 12 tons/year.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03807} (DOI). Li, J.; Tang, J.; Mi, W.; Tian, C.; Emeis, K.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.: Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Organophosphate Esters in Air above the Bohai and Yellow Seas; China. Environmental Science and Technology. 2018. vol. 52, no. 1, 89-97. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03807}}
@misc{zhen_from_headwaters_2018, 
author={Zhen, X.,Tang, J.,Liu, L.,Wang, X.,Li, Y.,Xie, Z.},
title={From headwaters to estuary: Distribution and fate of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in a river basin near the largest HFR manufacturing base in China},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.091},
abstract = {With the gradual phasing out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), market demands for alternative halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) are increasing. The Laizhou Bay area is the biggest manufacturing base for brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in China, and the Xiaoqing River is the largest and most heavily contaminated river in this region. Water and sediment samples were collected from the headwaters to the estuary of the Xiaoqing River to investigate the distribution and fate of HFRs [i.e., PBDEs, alternative brominated flame retardants (aBFRs) and dechlorane plus (DPs). In the water samples, DPs was the most abundant flame retardant (median: 11.7 ng/L), followed by decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) (5.92 ng/L). In the sediment samples, DBDPE was the predominant flame retardant (39.5 ng/g dw), followed by decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) (2.81 ng/g dw). The levels of DBDPE exceeded those of BDE 209 in most samples, indicating the overwhelming replacement of BDE 209 by DBDPE in this area. In the river section of this study, point source and atmospheric deposition followed by land runoff were the major factors influencing the distribution of HFRs, whereas in the estuary, riverine discharge, the estuarine maximum turbidity zone (MTZ), and hydrodynamic parameters played more important roles. Manufacturing is a significant source of contamination of the Xiaoqing River basin through atmospheric deposition and wastewater discharge.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.091} (DOI). Zhen, X.; Tang, J.; Liu, L.; Wang, X.; Li, Y.; Xie, Z.: From headwaters to estuary: Distribution and fate of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in a river basin near the largest HFR manufacturing base in China. Science of the Total Environment. 2018. vol. 621, 1370-1377. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.091}}
@misc{emeis_biogeochemical_processes_2018, 
author={Emeis, K.,Eggert, A.,Flohr, A.,Lahajnar, N.,Nausch, G.,Neumann, A.,Rixen, T.,Schmidt, A.,Van der Plas, A.,Wasmund, N.},
title={Biogeochemical processes and turnover rates in the Northern Benguela Upwelling System},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.10.001},
abstract = {Biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nutrients, and oxygen transmit mean states, trends and variations of the physical realm in coastal upwelling systems to their food webs and determine their role in regional budgets of greenhouse gases. This contribution focuses on biogeochemical processes in the northern Benguela Upwelling System (NBUS), where low oxygen levels in upwelling source water are a major influence on carbon and nutrient cycles. Based on measurements during numerous expeditions and results of 3-D regional ecosystem modeling (project GENUS; Geochemistry and Ecology of the Namibian Upwelling System) we here examine source water character, effects of low oxygen conditions on nutrient masses and ratios, and of diazotrophic N2-fixation on productivity of the system and its transition to the adjacent eastern South Atlantic. In available observations, the effects of denitrification in water and sediment and phosphate release from sediments are minor influences on nitrate:phosphate ratios of the system, and excess phosphate in aged upwelling water is inherited from upwelling source water. Contrary to expectation and model results, the low N:P ratios do not trigger diazotrophic N2-fixation in the fringes of the upwelling system, possibly due to a lack of seeding populations of Trichodesmium. We also examine the flux of carbon from the sea surface to either sediment, the adjacent sub-thermocline ocean, or to regenerated nutrients and CO2. Observed fluxes out of the surface mixed layer are significantly below modeled fluxes, and suggest that regeneration of nutrients and CO2 is unusually intense in the mixed layer. This contributes to very high fluxes of CO2 from the ocean to the regional atmosphere, which is not compensated for by N2-fixation. Based on observations, the NBUS thus is a significant net CO2 source (estimated at 14.8 Tg C a− 1), whereas the CO2 balance is closed by N2-fixation in the model. Methane concentrations were low in surface waters in on-line measurements during 1 expedition, and based on these our estimate for the emission of methane for the entire Benguela system is below 0.2 Tg CH4 a− 1.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.10.001} (DOI). Emeis, K.; Eggert, A.; Flohr, A.; Lahajnar, N.; Nausch, G.; Neumann, A.; Rixen, T.; Schmidt, A.; Van der Plas, A.; Wasmund, N.: Biogeochemical processes and turnover rates in the Northern Benguela Upwelling System. Journal of Marine Systems. 2018. vol. 188, 63-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.10.001}}
@misc{vorrath_spatiotemporal_variation_2018, 
author={Vorrath, M.,Lahajnar, N.,Fischer, G.,Libuku, V.,Schmidt, M.,Emeis, K.},
title={Spatiotemporal variation of vertical particle fluxes and modelled chlorophyll a standing stocks in the Benguela Upwelling System},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.12.002},
abstract = {Marine particle fluxes from high productive coastal upwelling systems return upwelled CO2 and nutrients to the deep ocean and sediments and have a substantial impact on the global carbon cycle. This study examines relations between production regimes on the shelf and over the continental margin of the Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) in the SE Atlantic Ocean. Data of composition and timing of vertical particle flux come from sediment trap time series (deployed intermittently between 1988 and 2014) in the regions Walvis Ridge, Walvis Bay, Luederitz and Orange River. We compare their seasonal variability to modelled patterns of chlorophyll concentrations in a 3-D ecosystem model. Both modelled seasonal chlorophyll a standing stocks and sampled particle flux patterns are highly correspondent with a bimodal seasonal cycle offshore the BUS. The material in the particle flux in offshore traps is dominantly carbonate (40–70%), and flux peaks in offshore particle flux originate from two independent events: in austral autumn thermocline shoaling and vertical mixing are decoupled from coastal upwelling, while fluxes in spring coincide with the upwelling season, indicated by slightly elevated biogenic opal values at some locations. Coastal particle fluxes are characterized by a trimodal pattern and are dominated by biogenic opal (22–35%) and organic matter (30–60%). The distinct seasonality in observed fluxes on the shelf is caused by high variability in production, sinking behaviour, wind stress, and hydrodynamic processes. We speculate that global warming will increase ocean stratification and alter coastal upwelling, so that consequences for primary production and particle flux in the BUS are inevitable.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.12.002} (DOI). Vorrath, M.; Lahajnar, N.; Fischer, G.; Libuku, V.; Schmidt, M.; Emeis, K.: Spatiotemporal variation of vertical particle fluxes and modelled chlorophyll a standing stocks in the Benguela Upwelling System. Journal of Marine Systems. 2018. vol. 180, 59-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.12.002}}
@misc{massei_screening_of_2018, 
author={Massei, R.,Busch, W.,Wolschke, H.,Schinkel, L.,Bitsch, M.,Schulze, T.,Krauss, M.,Brack, W.},
title={Screening of Pesticide and Biocide Patterns As Risk Drivers in Sediments of Major European River Mouths: Ubiquitous or River Basin-Specific Contamination?},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04355},
abstract = {Pesticides and biocides (PaB) are ubiquitously present in aquatic ecosystems due to their widespread application and have been detected in rivers at concentrations that may cause distress to aquatic life. Many of these compounds accumulate in sediments acting as long-term source for aquatic ecosystems. However, data on sediment contamination with current-use PaB in Europe are scarce. Thus, in this study, we elucidated PaB patterns and associated risks in sediments of seven major European rivers focusing on their last stretch as an integrative sink of particles transported by these rivers. Sediments were extracted with pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) using a broad-spectrum method recovering many compound classes with a wide range of physicochemical properties. Altogether 126 compounds were analyzed and 81 of them were detected with LC-HRMS and GC-NCI-MS/MS at least in one of the sediments. The highest number of compounds was detected (59) in River Elbe sediments close to Cuxhaven with outstanding concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 1691 mg/g organic carbon. Multivariate analysis identified a cluster with 3 ubiquitous compounds (cyhalothrin, carbendazim, fenpropimorph) and three clusters of chemicals with higher variability within and between rivers. Risk assessment indicates an acute toxic risk to benthic crustaceans at all investigated sites with the pyrethroids tefluthrin and cyfluthrin together with the fungicide carbendazim as the main drivers. Risks to algae were driven at most sites almost exclusively by photosynthesis inhibitors with estuary-specific herbicide mixtures, while in the rivers Po and Gironde cell division inhibitors played an important role at some sites. Mixtures of specific concern have been defined and suggested for integration in future monitoring programs.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04355} (DOI). Massei, R.; Busch, W.; Wolschke, H.; Schinkel, L.; Bitsch, M.; Schulze, T.; Krauss, M.; Brack, W.: Screening of Pesticide and Biocide Patterns As Risk Drivers in Sediments of Major European River Mouths: Ubiquitous or River Basin-Specific Contamination?. Environmental Science and Technology. 2018. vol. 52, no. 4, 2251-2260. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04355}}
@misc{wolschke_regional_variations_2018, 
author={Wolschke, H.,Sühring, R.,Massai, R.,Tang, J.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Regional variations of organophosphorus flame retardants - Fingerprint of large river basin estuaries/deltas in Europe compared with China},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.061},
abstract = {This study reports the occurrence and distribution of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizer (OPEs) in sediments of eight large river basin estuaries and deltas across Europe. A robust and sensitive OPE analysis method was developed through the application of an in-cell clean-up in an accelerated solvent extraction and the use of an GC-MSMS System for instrumental analyses. OPEs were detected in all sediment samples with sum concentrations of up to 181 ng g−1 dw. A fingerprinting method was used to identify river specific pattern to compare river systems. The estuaries and deltas were chosen to have a conglomerate print of the whole river. The results are showing very similar OPE patterns across Europe with minor differences driven by local industrial input. The European estuary concentrations and patterns were compared with OPEs detected in the Xiaoquing River in China, as an example for a region with other production, usage and legislative regulations. The Chinese fingerprint differed significant from the overall European pattern.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.061} (DOI). Wolschke, H.; Sühring, R.; Massai, R.; Tang, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Regional variations of organophosphorus flame retardants - Fingerprint of large river basin estuaries/deltas in Europe compared with China. Environmental Pollution. 2018. vol. 236, 391-395. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.061}}
@misc{bento_spatial_glyphosate_2018, 
author={Bento, C.,Commelin, M.,Baartman, J.,Yang, X.,Peters, P.,Mol, H.,Ritsema, C.,Geissen, V.},
title={Spatial glyphosate and AMPA redistribution on the soil surface driven by sediment transport processes – A flume experiment},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.003},
abstract = {This study investigates the influence of small-scale sediment transport on glyphosate and AMPA redistribution on the soil surface and on their off-site transport during water erosion events. Both a smooth surface (T1) and a surface with “seeding lines on the contour” (T2) were tested in a rainfall simulation experiment using soil flumes (1 × 0.5 m) with a 5% slope. A dose of 178 mg m−2 of a glyphosate-based formulation (CLINIC®) was applied on the upper 0.2 m of the flumes. Four 15-min rainfall events (RE) with 30-min interval in between and a total rainfall intensity of 30 mm h−1 were applied. Runoff samples were collected after each RE in a collector at the flume outlet. At the end of the four REs, soil and sediment samples were collected in the application area and in four 20 cm-segments downslope of the application area. Samples were collected according to the following visually distinguished soil surface groups: light sedimentation (LS), dark sedimentation (DS), background and aggregates.,Results showed that runoff, suspended sediment and associated glyphosate and AMPA off-site transport were significantly lower in T2 than in T1. Glyphosate and AMPA off-site deposition was higher for T2 than for T1, and their contents on the soil surface decreased with increasing distance from the application area for all soil surface groups and in both treatments. The LS and DS groups presented the highest glyphosate and AMPA contents, but the background group contributed the most to the downslope off-site deposition.,Glyphosate and AMPA off-target particle-bound transport was 9.4% (T1) and 17.8% (T2) of the applied amount, while water-dissolved transport was 2.8% (T1) and 0.5% (T2). Particle size and organic matter influenced the mobility of glyphosate and AMPA to off-target areas. These results indicate that the pollution risk of terrestrial and aquatic environments through runoff and deposition can be considerable.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.003} (DOI). Bento, C.; Commelin, M.; Baartman, J.; Yang, X.; Peters, P.; Mol, H.; Ritsema, C.; Geissen, V.: Spatial glyphosate and AMPA redistribution on the soil surface driven by sediment transport processes – A flume experiment. Environmental Pollution. 2018. vol. 234, 1011-1020. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.003}}
@misc{kerimoglu_a_modelbased_2018, 
author={Kerimoglu, O.,Große, F.,Kreus, M.,van Beusekom, J.},
title={A model-based projection of historical state of a coastal ecosystem: Relevance of phytoplankton stoichiometry},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.215},
abstract = {We employed a coupled physical-biogeochemical modelling framework for the reconstruction of the historic (H), pre-industrial state of a coastal system, the German Bight (southeastern North Sea), and we investigated its differences with the recent, control (C) state of the system. According to our findings: i) average winter concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus (DIN and DIP) concentrations at the surface are ∼70–90% and ∼50–70% lower in the H state than in the C state within the nearshore waters, and differences gradually diminish towards off-shore waters; ii) differences in average growing season chlorophyll a (Chl) concentrations at the surface between the two states are mostly less than 50%; iii) in the off-shore areas, Chl concentrations in the deeper layers are affected less than in the surface layers; iv) reductions in phytoplankton carbon (C) biomass under the H state are weaker than those in Chl, due to the generally lower Chl:C ratios; v) in some areas the differences in growth rates between the two states are negligible, due to the compensation by lower light limitation under the H state, which in turn explains the lower Chl:C ratios; vi) zooplankton biomass, and hence the grazing pressure on phytoplankton is lower under the H state. This trophic decoupling is caused by the low nutritional quality (i.e., low N:C and P:C) of phytoplankton. These results call for increased attention to the relevance of the acclimation capacity and stoichiometric flexibility of phytoplankton for the prediction of their response to environmental change.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.215} (DOI). Kerimoglu, O.; Große, F.; Kreus, M.; van Beusekom, J.: A model-based projection of historical state of a coastal ecosystem: Relevance of phytoplankton stoichiometry. Science of the Total Environment. 2018. vol. 639, 1311-1323. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.215}}
@misc{fromme_occurrence_of_2018, 
author={Fromme, H.,Mi, W.,Lahrz, T.,Kraft, M.,Aschenbrenner, B.,Bruessow, B.,Ebinghaus, R.,Xie, Z.,Fembacher, L.},
title={Occurrence of carbazoles in dust and air samples from different locations in Germany},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.070},
abstract = {9H-carbazole is generated from incomplete combustion of diverse fossil fuels and biomass, in tobacco smoke and from industrial processes, while halogenated carbazoles have natural and anthropogenic sources.,We analyzed 9H-carbazole and 14 halogenated carbazoles in dust samples from 14 schools, 13 daycare centers, and 13 residences, as well as 5 indoor air samples from residences in Munich, Germany. Overall, we present first data of various carbazoles in different indoor environments without visible combustion sources.,The median (95th percentile) values of the halogenated analytes mainly detected in the entire study group were 10.3 ng/g (308 ng/g) for 9H-carbazole, 13.3 ng/g (735 ng/g) for 3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazole, 6.2 ng/g (159 ng/g) for 1,3,6-tribromo-9H-carbazole, and 1.2 ng/g (21.1 ng/g) for 2,7-dibromo-9H-carbazole. For most of the target analytes, the highest concentrations were observed in dust samples from schools, and the lowest were found in residences. In the air samples, all analytes were found only at low levels, with median values of 7.7 pg/m3 for 9H-carbazole and 6.1 pg/m3 for 2,3,6,7-tetrachloro-9H-carbazole.,For 9H-carbazole, “typical” and “high” non-dietary intake of children through dust ingestion using median and 95th percentile values were calculated to be 0.03 ng/kg b.w. and 1.1 ng/kg b.w. daily, respectively.,Due to limited toxicological information and exposure data for other relevant pathways (e.g., dietary intake), the risk assessment is inconclusive. Nevertheless, there are indications that 9H-carbazole has carcinogenic properties and that halogenated carbazoles have dioxin-like toxicities. Therefore, further research is essential.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.070} (DOI). Fromme, H.; Mi, W.; Lahrz, T.; Kraft, M.; Aschenbrenner, B.; Bruessow, B.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.; Fembacher, L.: Occurrence of carbazoles in dust and air samples from different locations in Germany. Science of the Total Environment. 2018. vol. 610 - 611, 412-418. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.070}}
@misc{schlitzer_the_geotraces_2018, 
author={Schlitzer, R.,Anderson, R.F.,Dodas, E.M.,Lohan, M.,Geibert, W.,Tagliabue, A.,Bowie, A.,Jeandel, C.,Maldonado, M.T.,Landing, W.M.,Cockwell, D.,Abadie, C.,Abouchami, W.,Achterberg, E.P.,Agather, A.,Aguliar-Islas, A.,van Aken, H.M.,Andersen, M.,Archer, C.,Auro, M.,de Baar, H.J.,Baars, O.,Baker, A.R.,Bakker, K.,Basak, C.,Baskaran, M.,Bates, N.R.,Bauch, D.,van Beek, P.,Behrens, M.K.,Black, E.,Bluhm, K.,Bopp, L.,Bouman, H.,Bowman, K.,Bown, J.,Boyd, P.,Boye, M.,Boyle, E.A.,Branellec, P.,Bridgestock, L.,Brissebrat, G.,Browning, T.,Bruland, K.W.,Brumsack, H.-J.,Brzezinski, M.,Buck, C.S.,Buck, K.N.,Buesseler, K.,Bull, A.,Butler, E.,Cai, P.,Mor, P.C.,Cardinal, D.,Carlson, C.,Carrasco, G.,Casacuberta, N.,Casciotti, K.L.,Castrillejo, M.,Chamizo, E.,Chance, R.,Charette, M.A.,Chaves, J.E.,Cheng, H.,Chever, F.,Christl, M.,Church, T.M.,Closset, I.,Colman, A.,Conway, T.M.,Cossa, D.,Croot, P.,Cullen, J.T.,Cutter, G.A.,Daniels, C.,Dehairs, F.,Deng, F.,Dieu, H.T.,Duggan, B.,Dulaquais, G.,Dumousseaud, C.,Echegoyen-Sanz, Y.,Edwards, R.L.,Ellwood, M.,Fahrbach, E.,Fitzsimmons, J.N.,Russell Flegal, A.,Fleisher, M.Q.,van de Flierdt, T.,Frank, M.,Friedrich, J.,Fripiat, F.,Fröllje, H.,Galer, S.J.G.,Gamo, T.,Ganeshram, R.S.,Garcia-Orellana, J.,Garcia-Solsona, E.,Gault-Ringold, M.,George, E.,Gerringa, L.J.A.,Gilbert, M.,Godoy, J.M.,Goldstein, S.L.,Gonzalez, S.R.,Grissom, K.,Hammerschmidt, C.,Hartman, A.,Hassler, C.S.,Hathorne, E.C.,Hatta, M.,Hawco, N.,Hayes, C.T.,Heimbürger, L.-E.,Helgoe, J.,Heller, M.,Henderson, G.M.,Henderson, P.B.,van Heuven, S.,Ho, P.,Horner, T.J.,Hsieh, Y.-T.,Huang, K.-F.,Humphreys, M.P.,Isshiki, K.,Jacquot, J.E.,Janssen, D.J.,Jenkins, W.J.,John, S.,Jones, E.M.,Jones, J.L.,Kadko, D.C.,Kayser, R.,Kenna, T.C.,Khondoker, R.,Kim, T.,Kipp, L.,Klar, J.K.,Klunder, M.,Kretschmer, S.,Kumamoto, Y.,Laan, P.,Labatut, M.,Lacan, F.,Lam, P.J.,Lambelet, M.,Lamborg, C.H.,Le Moigne, F.A.C.,Le Roy, E.,Lechtenfeld, O.J.,Lee, J.-M.,Lherminier, P.,Little, S.,López-Lora, M.,Lu, Y.,Masque, P.,Mawji, E.,Mcclain, C.R.,Measures, C.,Mehic, S.,Barraqueta, J.-L.M.,van der Merwe, P.,Middag, R.,Mieruch, S.,Milne, A.,Minami, T.,Moffett, J.W.,Moncoiffe, G.,Moore, W.S.,Morris, P.J.,Morton, P.L.,Nakaguchi, Y.,Nakayama, N.,Niedermiller, J.,Nishioka, J.,Nishiuchi, A.,Noble, A.,Obata, H.,Ober, S.,Ohnemus, D.C.,van Ooijen, J.,O'Sullivan, J.,Owens, S.,Pahnke, K.,Paul, M.,Pavia, F.,Pena, L.D.,Peters, B.,Planchon, F.,Planquette, H.,Pradoux, C.,Puigcorbé, V.,Quay, P.,Queroue, F.,Radic, A.,Rauschenberg, S.,Rehkämper, M.,Rember, R.,Remenyi, T.,Resing, J.A.,Rickli, J.,Rigaud, S.,Rijkenberg, M.J.A.,Rintoul, S.,Robinson, L.F.,Roca-Martí, M.,Rodellas, V.,Roeske, T.,Rolison, J.M.,Rosenberg, M.,Roshan, S.,Rutgers van der Loeff, M.M.,Ryabenko, E.,Saito, M.A.,Salt, L.A.,Sanial, V.,Sarthou, G.,Schallenberg, C.,Schauer, U.,Scher, H.,Schlosser, C.,Schnetger, B.,Scott, P.,Sedwick, P.N.,Semiletov, I.,Shelley, R.,Sherrell, R.M.,Shiller, A.M.,Sigman, D.M.,Singh, S.K.,Slagter, H.A.,Slater, E.,Smethie, W.M.,Snaith, H.,Sohrin, Y.,Sohst, B.,Sonke, J.E.,Speich, S.,Steinfeldt, R.,Stewart, G.,Stichel, T.,Stirling, C.H.,Stutsman, J.,Swarr, G.J.,Swift, J.H.,Thomas, A.,Thorne, K.,Till, C.P.,Till, R.,Townsend, A.T.,Townsend, E.,Tuerena, R.,Twining, B.S.,Vance, D.,Velazquez, S.,Venchiarutti, C.,Villa-Alfageme, M.,Vivancos, S.M.,Voelker, A.H.L.,Wake, B.,Warner, M.J.,Watson, R.,van Weerlee, E.,Weigand, M.A.,Weinstein, Y.,Weiss, D.,Wisotzki, A.,Woodward, E.M.S.,Wu, J.,Wu, Y.,Wuttig, K.,Wyatt, N.,Xiang, Y.,Xie, R.C.,Xue, Z.,Yoshikawa, H.,Zhang, J.,Zhang, P.,Zhao, Y.,Zheng, L.,Zheng, X.-Y.,Zieringer, M.,Zimmer, L.A.,Ziveri, P.,Zunino, P.,Zurbrick, C.},
title={The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.05.040},
abstract = {The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017 (IDP2017) is the second publicly available data product of the international GEOTRACES programme, and contains data measured and quality controlled before the end of 2016. The IDP2017 includes data from the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Southern and Indian oceans, with about twice the data volume of the previous IDP2014. For the first time, the IDP2017 contains data for a large suite of biogeochemical parameters as well as aerosol and rain data characterising atmospheric trace element and isotope (TEI) sources. The TEI data in the IDP2017 are quality controlled by careful assessment of intercalibration results and multi-laboratory data comparisons at crossover stations. The IDP2017 consists of two parts: (1) a compilation of digital data for more than 450 TEIs as well as standard hydrographic parameters, and (2) the eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas providing an on-line atlas that includes more than 590 section plots and 130 animated 3D scenes. The digital data are provided in several formats, including ASCII, Excel spreadsheet, netCDF, and Ocean Data View collection. Users can download the full data packages or make their own custom selections with a new on-line data extraction service. In addition to the actual data values, the IDP2017 also contains data quality flags and 1-σ data error values where available. Quality flags and error values are useful for data filtering and for statistical analysis. Metadata about data originators, analytical methods and original publications related to the data are linked in an easily accessible way. The eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas is the visual representation of the IDP2017 as section plots and rotating 3D scenes. The basin-wide 3D scenes combine data from many cruises and provide quick overviews of large-scale tracer distributions. These 3D scenes provide geographical and bathymetric context that is crucial for the interpretation and assessment of tracer plumes near ocean margins or along ridges. The IDP2017 is the result of a truly international effort involving 326 researchers from 25 countries. This publication provides the critical reference for unpublished data, as well as for studies that make use of a large cross-section of data from the IDP2017.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.05.040} (DOI). Schlitzer, R.; Anderson, R.; Dodas, E.; Lohan, M.; Geibert, W.; Tagliabue, A.; Bowie, A.; Jeandel, C.; Maldonado, M.; Landing, W.; Cockwell, D.; Abadie, C.; Abouchami, W.; Achterberg, E.; Agather, A.; Aguliar-Islas, A.; van Aken, H.; Andersen, M.; Archer, C.; Auro, M.; de Baar, H.; Baars, O.; Baker, A.; Bakker, K.; Basak, C.; Baskaran, M.; Bates, N.; Bauch, D.; van Beek, P.; Behrens, M.; Black, E.; Bluhm, K.; Bopp, L.; Bouman, H.; Bowman, K.; Bown, J.; Boyd, P.; Boye, M.; Boyle, E.; Branellec, P.; Bridgestock, L.; Brissebrat, G.; Browning, T.; Bruland, K.; Brumsack, H.; Brzezinski, M.; Buck, C.; Buck, K.; Buesseler, K.; Bull, A.; Butler, E.; Cai, P.; Mor, P.; Cardinal, D.; Carlson, C.; Carrasco, G.; Casacuberta, N.; Casciotti, K.; Castrillejo, M.; Chamizo, E.; Chance, R.; Charette, M.; Chaves, J.; Cheng, H.; Chever, F.; Christl, M.; Church, T.; Closset, I.; Colman, A.; Conway, T.; Cossa, D.; Croot, P.; Cullen, J.; Cutter, G.; Daniels, C.; Dehairs, F.; Deng, F.; Dieu, H.; Duggan, B.; Dulaquais, G.; Dumousseaud, C.; Echegoyen-Sanz, Y.; Edwards, R.; Ellwood, M.; Fahrbach, E.; Fitzsimmons, J.; Russell Flegal, A.; Fleisher, M.; van de Flierdt, T.; Frank, M.; Friedrich, J.; Fripiat, F.; Fröllje, H.; Galer, S.; Gamo, T.; Ganeshram, R.; Garcia-Orellana, J.; Garcia-Solsona, E.; Gault-Ringold, M.; George, E.; Gerringa, L.; Gilbert, M.; Godoy, J.; Goldstein, S.; Gonzalez, S.; Grissom, K.; Hammerschmidt, C.; Hartman, A.; Hassler, C.; Hathorne, E.; Hatta, M.; Hawco, N.; Hayes, C.; Heimbürger, L.; Helgoe, J.; Heller, M.; Henderson, G.; Henderson, P.; van Heuven, S.; Ho, P.; Horner, T.; Hsieh, Y.; Huang, K.; Humphreys, M.; Isshiki, K.; Jacquot, J.; Janssen, D.; Jenkins, W.; John, S.; Jones, E.; Jones, J.; Kadko, D.; Kayser, R.; Kenna, T.; Khondoker, R.; Kim, T.; Kipp, L.; Klar, J.; Klunder, M.; Kretschmer, S.; Kumamoto, Y.; Laan, P.; Labatut, M.; Lacan, F.; Lam, P.; Lambelet, M.; Lamborg, C.; Le Moigne, F.; Le Roy, E.; Lechtenfeld, O.; Lee, J.; Lherminier, P.; Little, S.; López-Lora, M.; Lu, Y.; Masque, P.; Mawji, E.; Mcclain, C.; Measures, C.; Mehic, S.; Barraqueta, J.; van der Merwe, P.; Middag, R.; Mieruch, S.; Milne, A.; Minami, T.; Moffett, J.; Moncoiffe, G.; Moore, W.; Morris, P.; Morton, P.; Nakaguchi, Y.; Nakayama, N.; Niedermiller, J.; Nishioka, J.; Nishiuchi, A.; Noble, A.; Obata, H.; Ober, S.; Ohnemus, D.; van Ooijen, J.; O'Sullivan, J.; Owens, S.; Pahnke, K.; Paul, M.; Pavia, F.; Pena, L.; Peters, B.; Planchon, F.; Planquette, H.; Pradoux, C.; Puigcorbé, V.; Quay, P.; Queroue, F.; Radic, A.; Rauschenberg, S.; Rehkämper, M.; Rember, R.; Remenyi, T.; Resing, J.; Rickli, J.; Rigaud, S.; Rijkenberg, M.; Rintoul, S.; Robinson, L.; Roca-Martí, M.; Rodellas, V.; Roeske, T.; Rolison, J.; Rosenberg, M.; Roshan, S.; Rutgers van der Loeff, M.; Ryabenko, E.; Saito, M.; Salt, L.; Sanial, V.; Sarthou, G.; Schallenberg, C.; Schauer, U.; Scher, H.; Schlosser, C.; Schnetger, B.; Scott, P.; Sedwick, P.; Semiletov, I.; Shelley, R.; Sherrell, R.; Shiller, A.; Sigman, D.; Singh, S.; Slagter, H.; Slater, E.; Smethie, W.; Snaith, H.; Sohrin, Y.; Sohst, B.; Sonke, J.; Speich, S.; Steinfeldt, R.; Stewart, G.; Stichel, T.; Stirling, C.; Stutsman, J.; Swarr, G.; Swift, J.; Thomas, A.; Thorne, K.; Till, C.; Till, R.; Townsend, A.; Townsend, E.; Tuerena, R.; Twining, B.; Vance, D.; Velazquez, S.; Venchiarutti, C.; Villa-Alfageme, M.; Vivancos, S.; Voelker, A.; Wake, B.; Warner, M.; Watson, R.; van Weerlee, E.; Weigand, M.; Weinstein, Y.; Weiss, D.; Wisotzki, A.; Woodward, E.; Wu, J.; Wu, Y.; Wuttig, K.; Wyatt, N.; Xiang, Y.; Xie, R.; Xue, Z.; Yoshikawa, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, P.; Zhao, Y.; Zheng, L.; Zheng, X.; Zieringer, M.; Zimmer, L.; Ziveri, P.; Zunino, P.; Zurbrick, C.: The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017. Chemical Geology. 2018. vol. 493, 210-223. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.05.040}}
@misc{zhang_realworld_emission_2018, 
author={Zhang, F.,Chen, Y.,Feng, Y.,Shang, Y.,Yang, X.,Gao, H.,Tian, C.,Li, J.,Zhang, G.,Matthias, V.,Xie, Z.},
title={Real-World Emission Factors of Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants from Marine Fishing Boats and Their Total Emissions in China},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04002},
abstract = {Pollutants from fishing boats have generally been neglected worldwide, and there is an acute shortage of measured emission data, especially in China. Therefore, on-board measurements of pollutants emitted from 12 different fishing boats in China (including gill net, angling, and trawler boats) were carried out in this study to investigate emission factors (EFs), characteristics and total emissions. The average EFs for CO2, CO, NOx, PM, and SO2 were 3074 ± 55.9, 50.6 ± 31.7, 54.2 ± 30.7, 9.54 ± 2.24, and 5.94 ± 6.38 g (kg fuel)−1, respectively, which were higher than those from previous studies of fishing boats. When compared to medium-speed and slow-speed engine vessels, high-speed engines on fishing boats had higher CO EFs but lower NOx EFs. Notably, when fishing boats were in low-load conditions, they always had higher EFs of CO, PM, and NO2 compared to other operating modes. The estimated results showed that emissions from motor-powered fishing boats in China in 2012 (232, 379, and 61.8 kt CO, NOx and PM) accounted for 10.7%, 10.9%, and 19.3% of the total CO, NOx and PM emitted from nonroad mobile sources, which means significant contribution of fishing boats to air pollution, especially in southern China areas.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04002} (DOI). Zhang, F.; Chen, Y.; Feng, Y.; Shang, Y.; Yang, X.; Gao, H.; Tian, C.; Li, J.; Zhang, G.; Matthias, V.; Xie, Z.: Real-World Emission Factors of Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants from Marine Fishing Boats and Their Total Emissions in China. Environmental Science and Technology. 2018. vol. 52, no. 8, 4910-4919. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04002}}
@misc{haase_in_vivo_2017, 
author={Haase, T.,Krost, A.,Sauter, T.,Kratz, K.,Peter, J.,Kamann, S.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.,Zohlnhöfer, D.,Rüder, C.},
title={In vivo biocompatibility assessment of poly (ether imide) electrospun scaffolds},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/term.2002},
abstract = {Poly(ether imide) (PEI), which can be chemically functionalized with biologically active ligands, has emerged as a potential biomaterial for medical implants. Electrospun PEI scaffolds have shown advantageous properties, such as enhanced endothelial cell adherence, proliferation and low platelet adhesion in in vitro experiments. In this study, the in vivo behaviour of electrospun PEI scaffolds and PEI films was examined in a murine subcutaneous implantation model. Electrospun PEI scaffolds and films were surgically implanted subcutaneously in the dorsae of mice. The surrounding subcutaneous tissue response was examined via histopathological examination at 7 and 28 days after implantation. No serious adverse events were observed for both types of PEI implants. The presence of macrophages or foreign body giant cells in the vicinity of the implants and the formation of a fibrous capsule indicated a normal foreign body reaction towards PEI films and scaffolds. Capsule thickness and inflammatory infiltration cells significantly decreased for PEI scaffolds during days 7–28 while remaining unchanged for PEI films. The infiltration of cells into the implant was observed for PEI scaffolds 7 days after implantation and remained stable until 28 days of implantation. Additionally some, but not all, PEI scaffold implants induced the formation of functional blood vessels in the vicinity of the implants. Conclusively, this study demonstrates the in vivo biocompatibility of PEI implants, with favourable properties of electrospun PEI scaffolds regarding tissue integration and wound healing.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/term.2002} (DOI). Haase, T.; Krost, A.; Sauter, T.; Kratz, K.; Peter, J.; Kamann, S.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.; Zohlnhöfer, D.; Rüder, C.: In vivo biocompatibility assessment of poly (ether imide) electrospun scaffolds. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. 2017. vol. 11, no. 4, 1034-1044. DOI: 10.1002/term.2002}}
@misc{schwichtenberg_effects_of_2017, 
author={Schwichtenberg, F.,Callies, U.,Groll, N.,Massmann, S.},
title={Effects of chemical dispersants on oil spill drift paths in the German Bight—probabilistic assessment based on numerical ensemble simulations},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-016-0454-6},
abstract = {Oil dispersed in the water column remains sheltered from wind forcing, so that an altered drift path is a key consequence of using chemical dispersants. In this study, ensemble simulations were conducted based on 7 years of simulated atmospheric and marine conditions, evaluating 2,190 hypothetical spills from each of 636 cells of a regular grid covering the inner German Bight (SE North Sea). Each simulation compares two idealized setups assuming either undispersed or fully dispersed oil. Differences are summarized in a spatial map of probabilities that chemical dispersant applications would help prevent oil pollution from entering intertidal coastal areas of the Wadden Sea. High probabilities of success overlap strongly with coastal regions between 10 m and 20 m water depth, where the use of chemical dispersants for oil spill response is a particularly contentious topic. The present study prepares the ground for a more detailed net environmental benefit analysis (NEBA) accounting also for toxic effects.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-016-0454-6} (DOI). Schwichtenberg, F.; Callies, U.; Groll, N.; Massmann, S.: Effects of chemical dispersants on oil spill drift paths in the German Bight—probabilistic assessment based on numerical ensemble simulations. Geo-Marine Letters. 2017. vol. 37, no. 2, 163-170. DOI: 10.1007/s00367-016-0454-6}}
@misc{callies_german_bight_2017, 
author={Callies, U.,Gaslikova, L.,Kapitza, H.,Scharfe, M.},
title={German Bight residual current variability on a daily basis: principal components of multi-decadal barotropic simulations},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-016-0466-2},
abstract = {Time variability of Eulerian residual currents in the German Bight (North Sea) is studied drawing on existing multi-decadal 2D barotropic simulations (1.6 km resolution) for the period Jan. 1958–Aug. 2015. Residual currents are calculated as 25 h means of velocity fields stored every hour. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals that daily variations of these residual currents can be reasonably well represented in terms of only 2–3 degrees of freedom, partly linked to wind directions. The daily data refine monthly data already used in the past. Unlike existing classifications based on subjective assessment, numerical principal components (PCs) provide measures of strength and can directly be incorporated into more comprehensive statistical data analyses. Daily resolution in particular fits the time schedule of data sampled at the German Bight long-term monitoring station at Helgoland Roads. An example demonstrates the use of PCs and corresponding empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) for the interpretation of short-term variations of these local observations. On the other hand, monthly averaging of the daily PCs enables to link up with previous studies on longer timescales.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-016-0466-2} (DOI). Callies, U.; Gaslikova, L.; Kapitza, H.; Scharfe, M.: German Bight residual current variability on a daily basis: principal components of multi-decadal barotropic simulations. Geo-Marine Letters. 2017. vol. 37, no. 2, 151-162. DOI: 10.1007/s00367-016-0466-2}}
@misc{schwichtenberg_residence_times_2017, 
author={Schwichtenberg, F.,Callies, U.,Beusekom, J.E.E.van},
title={Residence times in shallow waters help explain regional differences in Wadden Sea eutrophication},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-016-0482-2},
abstract = {Regional variations in eutrophication levels of tidal basins in the Wadden Sea can be caused by external factors, like organic matter import, and internal factors like the morphology and hydrodynamics of the receiving tidal basin. For instance, benthic nutrients from remineralized organic matter may be more concentrated in shallow basins or diluted in basins with high exchange rates. In addition, the location of a monitoring station may determine which basin-specific water masses are actually observed. In the present paper a hydrodynamic intertidal imprint (IMP) is estimated for ten stations in various tidal basins of the Wadden Sea. The fraction of time water masses spent in intertidal areas prior to observation is calculated by linking the Lagrangian transport module PELETS to already existing hourly reconstructions of currents between 1959 and 2003. Irrespective of water depth, additional calculations of mean residence times (MRT) in the Wadden Sea indicate whether, in the case of low IMP values, water masses originate from coastal areas or tidal channels. Results show distinct regional differences, with highest values in the eastern part of the Dutch sector of the southern Wadden Sea (IMP=77%, MRT=99%) and lowest values in the German/Danish sector of the northern Wadden Sea (IMP=1.1%, MRT=21%). The IMP correlates positively with observed nutrient levels (R2=0.83). Evidently, this residence time-based intertidal signal is pivotal in explaining regional variations in eutrophication levels revealed by long-term comparative data from different monitoring stations.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-016-0482-2} (DOI). Schwichtenberg, F.; Callies, U.; Beusekom, J.: Residence times in shallow waters help explain regional differences in Wadden Sea eutrophication. Geo-Marine Letters. 2017. vol. 37, no. 2, 171-177. DOI: 10.1007/s00367-016-0482-2}}
@misc{vivanco_joint_analysis_2017, 
author={Vivanco, M.G.,Bessagnet, B.,Cuvelier, C.,Theobald, M.R.,Tsyro, S.,Pirovano, G.,Aulinger, A.,Bieser, J.,Calori, G.,Ciarelli, G.,Manders, A.,Mircea, M.,Aksoyoglu, S.,Briganti, G.,Cappelletti, A.,Colette, A.,Couvidat, F.,D`Isidoro, M.,Kranenburg, R.,Meleux, F.,Menut, L.,Pay, M.T.,Rouil, L.,Silibello, C.,Thunis, P.,Ung, A.},
title={Joint analysis of deposition fluxes and atmospheric concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and sulphur compounds predicted by six chemistry transport models in the frame of the EURODELTAIII project},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.042},
abstract = {In the framework of the UNECE Task Force on Measurement and Modelling (TFMM) under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP), the EURODELTAIII project is evaluating how well air quality models are able to reproduce observed pollutant air concentrations and deposition fluxes in Europe. In this paper the sulphur and nitrogen deposition estimates of six state-of-the-art regional models (CAMx, CHIMERE, EMEP MSC-W, LOTOS-EUROS, MINNI and CMAQ) are evaluated and compared for four intensive EMEP measurement periods (25 Feb - 26 Mar 2009; 17 Sep - 15 Oct 2008; 8 Jan – 4 Feb 2007 and 1–30 Jun 2006).,For sulphur, this study shows the importance of including sea salt sulphate emissions for obtaining better model results; CMAQ, the only model considering these emissions in its formulation, was the only model able to reproduce the high measured values of wet deposition of sulphur at coastal sites. MINNI and LOTOS-EUROS underestimate sulphate wet deposition for all periods and have low wet deposition efficiency for sulphur.,For reduced nitrogen, all the models underestimate both wet deposition and total air concentrations (ammonia plus ammonium) in the summer campaign, highlighting a potential lack of emissions (or incoming fluxes) in this period. In the rest of campaigns there is a general underestimation of wet deposition by all models (MINNI and CMAQ with the highest negative bias), with the exception of EMEP, which underestimates the least and even overestimates deposition in two campaigns. This model has higher scavenging deposition efficiency for the aerosol component, which seems to partly explain the different behaviour of the models.,For oxidized nitrogen, CMAQ, CAMx and MINNI predict the lowest wet deposition and the highest total air concentrations (nitric acid plus nitrates). Comparison with observations indicates a general underestimation of wet oxidized nitrogen deposition by these models, as well as an overestimation of total air concentration for all the campaigns, except for the 2006 campaign. This points to a low efficiency in the wet deposition of oxidized nitrogen for these models, especially with regards to the scavenging of nitric acid, which is the main driver of oxidized N deposition for all the models. CHIMERE, LOTOS-EUROS and EMEP agree better with the observations for both wet deposition and air concentration of oxidized nitrogen, although CHIMERE seems to overestimate wet deposition in the summer period. This requires further investigation, as the gas-particle equilibrium seems to be biased towards the gas phase (nitric acid) for this model.,In the case of MINNI, the frequent underestimation of wet deposition combined with an overestimation of atmospheric concentrations for the three pollutants indicates a low efficiency of the wet deposition processes. This can be due to several reasons, such as an underestimation of scavenging ratios, large vertical concentration gradients (resulting in small concentrations at cloud height) or a poor parameterization of clouds.,Large differences between models were also found for the estimates of dry deposition. However, the lack of suitable measurements makes it impossible to assess model performance for this process. These uncertainties should be addressed in future research, since dry deposition contributes significantly to the total deposition for the three deposited species, with values in the same range as wet deposition for most of the models, and with even higher values for some of them, especially for reduced nitrogen.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.042} (DOI). Vivanco, M.; Bessagnet, B.; Cuvelier, C.; Theobald, M.; Tsyro, S.; Pirovano, G.; Aulinger, A.; Bieser, J.; Calori, G.; Ciarelli, G.; Manders, A.; Mircea, M.; Aksoyoglu, S.; Briganti, G.; Cappelletti, A.; Colette, A.; Couvidat, F.; D`Isidoro, M.; Kranenburg, R.; Meleux, F.; Menut, L.; Pay, M.; Rouil, L.; Silibello, C.; Thunis, P.; Ung, A.: Joint analysis of deposition fluxes and atmospheric concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and sulphur compounds predicted by six chemistry transport models in the frame of the EURODELTAIII project. Atmospheric Environment. 2017. vol. 151, 152-175. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.042}}
@misc{schumann_properties_of_2017, 
author={Schumann, U.,Baumann, R.,Baumgardner, D.,Bedka, S.T.,Duda, D.P.,Freudenthaler, V.,Gayet, J.-F.,Heymsfield, A.J.,Minnis, P.,Quante, M.,Raschke, E.,Schlager, H.,Vazquez-Navarro, M.,Voigt, C.,Wang, Z.},
title={Properties of individual contrails: a compilation of observations and some comparisons},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-403-2017},
abstract = {Mean properties of individual contrails are characterized for a wide range of jet aircraft as a function of age during their life cycle from seconds to 11.5 h (7.4–18.7 km altitude, −88 to −31 °C ambient temperature), based on a compilation of about 230 previous in situ and remote sensing measurements. The airborne, satellite, and ground-based observations encompass exhaust contrails from jet aircraft from 1972 onwards, as well as a few older data for propeller aircraft. The contrails are characterized by mean ice particle sizes and concentrations, extinction, ice water content, optical depth, geometrical depth, and contrail width. Integral contrail properties include the cross-section area and total number of ice particles, total ice water content, and total extinction (area integral of extinction) per contrail length. When known, the contrail-causing aircraft and ambient conditions are characterized. The individual datasets are briefly described, including a few new analyses performed for this study, and compiled together to form a contrail library (COLI). The data are compared with results of the Contrail Cirrus Prediction (CoCiP) model. The observations confirm that the number of ice particles in contrails is controlled by the engine exhaust and the formation process in the jet phase, with some particle losses in the wake vortex phase, followed later by weak decreases with time. Contrail cross sections grow more quickly than expected from exhaust dilution. The cross-section-integrated extinction follows an algebraic approximation. The ratio of volume to effective mean radius decreases with time. The ice water content increases with increasing temperature, similar to non-contrail cirrus, while the equivalent relative humidity over ice saturation of the contrail ice mass increases at lower temperatures in the data. Several contrails were observed in warm air above the Schmidt–Appleman threshold temperature. The emission index of ice particles, i.e., the number of ice particles formed in the young contrail per burnt fuel mass, is estimated from the measured concentrations for estimated dilution; maximum values exceed 1015 kg−1. The dependence of the data on the observation methods is discussed. We find no obvious indication for significant contributions from spurious particles resulting from shattering of ice crystals on the microphysical probes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-403-2017} (DOI). Schumann, U.; Baumann, R.; Baumgardner, D.; Bedka, S.; Duda, D.; Freudenthaler, V.; Gayet, J.; Heymsfield, A.; Minnis, P.; Quante, M.; Raschke, E.; Schlager, H.; Vazquez-Navarro, M.; Voigt, C.; Wang, Z.: Properties of individual contrails: a compilation of observations and some comparisons. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017. vol. 17, no. 1, 403-438. DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-403-2017}}
@misc{gencarelli_sensitivity_model_2017, 
author={Gencarelli, C.N.,Bieser, J.,Carbone, F.,De Simone, F.,Hedgecock, I.M.,matthias, V.,Travnikov, O.,Yang, X.,Pirrone, N.},
title={Sensitivity model study of regional mercury dispersion in the atmosphere},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-627-2017},
abstract = {Atmospheric deposition is the most important pathway by which Hg reaches marine ecosystems, where it can be methylated and enter the base of food chain. The deposition, the transport and chemical interactions of atmospheric Hg has been simulated over Europe for the year 2013 in the framework of the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project, performing 14 different model sensitivity tests using two high resolution three-dimensional Chemical Transport Models (CTMs), varying the anthropogenic emissions data sets, atmospheric Br input fields, the Hg oxidation schemes and the modelling domain boundary condition input. Sensitivity simulation results were compared with observations from 28 monitoring sites in Europe, to assess model performance and particularly to analyse the influence of anthropogenic emission speciation and the Hg0(g) atmospheric oxidation mechanism. The contribution of anthropogenic Hg emissions, their speciation and vertical distribution is crucial to the simulated concentration and deposition fields, as is also the choice of Hg0(g) oxidation pathway. The areas most sensitive to changes in Hg emission speciation and the emission vertical distribution are those near major sources, but also the Aegean and the Black Seas, the English Channel, the Skagerrak Strait and the North German coast. Considerable influence was found also evident over the Mediterranean, the North and Baltic Sea, some influence is seen over continental Europe, while this difference is least over the north-western part of the modelling domain, which includes the Norwegian Sea and Iceland. The Br oxidation pathway produces more HgII(g) in the lower model levels, but overall wet deposition is lower in comparison to the simulations which employ an O3/OH oxidation mechanism. The necessity to perform continuous measurements of speciated Hg, to investigate the local impacts of Hg emissions and deposition, as well as interactions dependent on land use and vegetation, forests, peat bogs etc. is highlighted in this study.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-627-2017} (DOI). Gencarelli, C.; Bieser, J.; Carbone, F.; De Simone, F.; Hedgecock, I.; matthias, V.; Travnikov, O.; Yang, X.; Pirrone, N.: Sensitivity model study of regional mercury dispersion in the atmosphere. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017. vol. 17, no. 1, 627-643. DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-627-2017}}
@misc{li_perfluorinated_alkyl_2017, 
author={Li, Y.,Cheng, Y.,Xie, Z.,Zeng, F.},
title={Perfluorinated alkyl substances in serum of the southern Chinese general population and potential impact on thyroid hormones},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43380},
abstract = {In this study, eight perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) and five thyroid hormones (TSH, FT4, FT3, TGAb, and TMAb) were determined in 202 human serum samples of the general population of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces in southern China. Σ8PFASs concentrations ranged from 0.85 to 24.3 ng/mL with a mean value of 4.66 ng/mL. The PFASs composition profiles of human serum samples nearly make no difference at different locations. A significant increase was observed for ∑8PFASs, PFOS, and PFHxS concentrations with age (p < 0.01). Gender-related differences were found; PFOS, PFHxS, PFBS, and PFOA levels were higher in males (p < 0.05), and the mean concentration of ∑8PFASs was 1.5 times greater in males (6.02 ng/mL) than in females (4.15 ng/mL). PFOS and ∑8PFASs were significantly negatively correlated with FT3 and FT4 and positively correlated with TSH while PFPeA and PFHxA were significantly positively correlated with TGAb and TMAb in all the samples. The opposite associations between FT3, TSH and PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS levels in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism group indicate that the PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS enhance the negative feedback mechanisms of the thyroid gland.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43380} (DOI). Li, Y.; Cheng, Y.; Xie, Z.; Zeng, F.: Perfluorinated alkyl substances in serum of the southern Chinese general population and potential impact on thyroid hormones. Scientific Reports. 2017. vol. 7, 43380. DOI: 10.1038/srep43380}}
@misc{ma_organophosphate_ester_2017, 
author={Ma, Y.,Xie, Z.,Lohmann, R.,Mi, W.,Gao, G.},
title={Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Ocean Sediments from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00755},
abstract = {The presence of organophosphate ester (OPE) flame retardants and plasticizers in surface sediment from the North Pacific to Arctic Ocean was observed for the first time during the fourth National Arctic Research Expedition of China in the summer of 2010. The samples were analyzed for three halogenated OPEs [tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), and tris(dichloroisopropyl) phosphate], three alkylated OPEs [triisobutyl phosphate (TiBP), tri-n-butyl phosphate, and tripentyl phosphate], and triphenyl phosphate. Σ7OPEs (total concentration of the observed OPEs) was in the range of 159–4658 pg/g of dry weight. Halogenated OPEs were generally more abundant than the nonhalogenated OPEs; TCEP and TiBP dominated the overall concentrations. Except for that of the Bering Sea, Σ7OPEs values increased with increasing latitudes from Bering Strait to the Central Arctic Ocean, while the contributions of halogenated OPEs (typically TCEP and TCPP) to the total OPE profile also increased from the Bering Strait to the Central Arctic Ocean, indicating they are more likely to be transported to the remote Arctic. The median budget of 52 (range of 17–292) tons for Σ7OPEs in sediment from the Central Arctic Ocean represents only a very small amount of their total production volume, yet the amount of OPEs in Arctic Ocean sediment was significantly larger than the sum of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the sediment, indicating they are equally prone to long-range transport away from source regions. Given the increasing level of production and usage of OPEs as substitutes of PBDEs, OPEs will continue to accumulate in the remote Arctic.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00755} (DOI). Ma, Y.; Xie, Z.; Lohmann, R.; Mi, W.; Gao, G.: Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Ocean Sediments from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean. Environmental Science and Technology. 2017. vol. 51, no. 7, 3809-3815. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00755}}
@misc{zhao_perfluoroalkyl_and_2017, 
author={Zhao, Z.,Tang, J.,Mi, L.,Tian, C.,Zhong, G.,Zhang, G.,Wang, S.,Li, Q.,Ebinghaus, R.,Xie, Z.,Sun, H.},
title={Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the lower atmosphere and surface waters of the Chinese Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and Yangtze River estuary},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.147},
abstract = {Polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), in the forms of neutral polyfluoroalkyl substances in the gas phase of air and ionic perfluoroalkyl substances in the dissolved phase of surface water, were investigated during a sampling campaign in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and Yangtze River estuary in May 2012. In the gas phase, the concentrations of neutral ∑ PFASs were within the range of 76–551 pg/m3. Higher concentrations were observed in the South Yellow Sea. 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) was the predominant compound as it accounted for 92%–95% of neutral ∑ PFASs in all air samples. Air mass backward trajectory analysis indicated that neutral ∑ PFASs came mainly from the coast of the Yellow Sea, including the Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces of China, and the coastal region of South Korea. The fluxes of gas phase dry deposition were simulated for neutral PFASs, and neutral ∑ PFASs fluxes varied from 0.37 to 2.3 pg/m2/s. In the dissolved phase of the surface water, concentrations of ionic ∑ PFASs ranged from 1.6 to 118 ng/L, with the Bohai Sea exhibiting higher concentrations than both the Yellow Sea and the Yangtze River estuary. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the predominant compound accounting for 51%–90% of the ionic ∑ PFAS concentrations. Releases from industrial and domestic activities as well as the semiclosed geographical conditions increased the level of ionic ∑ PFASs in the Bohai Sea. The spatial distributions of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) were different significantly. The Laizhou Bay was the major source region of PFCAs and the Yangtze River estuary was the major source of PFSAs.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.147} (DOI). Zhao, Z.; Tang, J.; Mi, L.; Tian, C.; Zhong, G.; Zhang, G.; Wang, S.; Li, Q.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.; Sun, H.: Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the lower atmosphere and surface waters of the Chinese Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and Yangtze River estuary. Science of the Total Environment. 2017. vol. 599-600, 114-123. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.147}}
@misc{freese_maternal_transfer_2017, 
author={Freese, M.,Suehring, R.,Marohn, L.,Pohlmann, J.-D.,Wolschke, H.,Byer, J.D.,Alaee, M.,Ebinghaus, R.,Hanel, R.},
title={Maternal transfer of dioxin-like compounds in artificially matured European eels},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.096},
abstract = {Several eel species of the genus Anguilla are considered endangered due to a severe decline in recruitment. Up to now, the reasons for this threatening development are not fully understood. The eel's highly specialized biology can lead to explicitly high accumulation of globally distributed organic lipophilic contaminants during its continental life. Because of this and due the particular toxicological sensitivity of early life stages of oviparous organisms towards dioxin-like compounds, it is crucial to improve our understanding concerning toxicokinetics and maternal transfer of organic contaminants in eels.,This study presents analytical data on maternal transfer of dioxin-like (dl) compounds in relevant tissue samples taken from artificially matured and non-matured European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) from German inland waters using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS). Detected concentrations revealed a lipid-driven transfer of targeted compounds from muscle-fat-reserves to gonads and eggs respectively, with no distinct preferences concerning the chlorination degree of targeted compounds. Dl-PCBs were shown to contribute the major share of toxicity equivalents found in analysed eel tissues. Maternal muscle tissue to egg concentration ratios in wet weight–based samples had a mean of 6.95 ± 1.49 in accordance with the differences in total lipid content in the respective body matrices. Dioxins and furans in analysed samples were (from a toxicological point of view) of less relevance. Furthermore it was shown that muscle concentrations in silver eels could be used in future assessments to make conservative predictions for expected egg concentrations in female eels.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.096} (DOI). Freese, M.; Suehring, R.; Marohn, L.; Pohlmann, J.; Wolschke, H.; Byer, J.; Alaee, M.; Ebinghaus, R.; Hanel, R.: Maternal transfer of dioxin-like compounds in artificially matured European eels. Environmental Pollution. 2017. vol. 227, 348-356. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.096}}
@misc{baschek_the_coastal_2017, 
author={Baschek, B.,Schroeder, F.,Brix, H.,Riethmueller, R.,Badewien, T.H.,Breitbach, G.,Bruegge, B.,Colijn, F.,Doerffer, R.,Eschenbach, C.,Friedrich, J.,Fischer, P.,Garthe, S.,Horstmann, J.,Krasemann, H.,Metfies, K.,Ohle, N.,Petersen, W.,Proefrock, D.,Roettgers, R.,Schlueter, M.,Schulz, J.,Schulz-Stellenfleth, J.,Stanev, E.,Winter, C.,Wirtz, K.,Wollschlaeger, J.,Zielinski, O.,Ziemer, F.},
title={The Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas (COSYNA)},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-379-2017},
abstract = {The Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas (COSYNA) was established in order to better understand the complex interdisciplinary processes of northern seas and the Arctic coasts in a changing environment. Particular focus is given to the German Bight in the North Sea as a prime example of a heavily used coastal area, and Svalbard as an example of an Arctic coast that is under strong pressure due to global change.,The COSYNA automated observing and modelling system is designed to monitor real-time conditions and provide short-term forecasts, data, and data products to help assess the impact of anthropogenically induced change. Observations are carried out by combining satellite and radar remote sensing with various in situ platforms. Novel sensors, instruments, and algorithms are developed to further improve the understanding of the interdisciplinary interactions between physics, biogeochemistry, and the ecology of coastal seas. New modelling and data assimilation techniques are used to integrate observations and models in a quasi-operational system providing descriptions and forecasts of key hydrographic variables. Data and data products are publicly available free of charge and in real time. They are used by multiple interest groups in science, agencies, politics, industry, and the public.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-379-2017} (DOI). Baschek, B.; Schroeder, F.; Brix, H.; Riethmueller, R.; Badewien, T.; Breitbach, G.; Bruegge, B.; Colijn, F.; Doerffer, R.; Eschenbach, C.; Friedrich, J.; Fischer, P.; Garthe, S.; Horstmann, J.; Krasemann, H.; Metfies, K.; Ohle, N.; Petersen, W.; Proefrock, D.; Roettgers, R.; Schlueter, M.; Schulz, J.; Schulz-Stellenfleth, J.; Stanev, E.; Winter, C.; Wirtz, K.; Wollschlaeger, J.; Zielinski, O.; Ziemer, F.: The Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas (COSYNA). Ocean Science. 2017. vol. 13, no. 3, 379-410. DOI: 10.5194/os-13-379-2017}}
@misc{liu_influence_of_2017, 
author={Liu, Z.,Schade, R.,Luthringer, B.,Hort, N.,Rothe, H.,Mueller, S.,Liefeith, K.,Willumeit-Roemer, R.,Feyerabend, F.},
title={Influence of the microstructure and silver content on degradation, cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties of magnesium-silver alloys in vitro},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8091265},
abstract = {Implantation is a frequent procedure in orthopedic surgery, particularly in the aging population. However, it possesses the risk of infection and biofilm formation at the surgical site. This can cause unnecessary suffering to patients and burden on the healthcare system. Pure Mg, as a promising metal for biodegradable orthopedic implants, exhibits some antibacterial effects due to the alkaline pH produced during degradation. However, this antibacterial effect may not be sufficient in a dynamic environment, for example, the human body. The aim of this study was to increase the antibacterial properties under harsh and dynamic conditions by alloying silver metal with pure Mg as much as possible. Meanwhile, the Mg-Ag alloys should not show obvious cytotoxicity to human primary osteoblasts. Therefore, we studied the influence of the microstructure and the silver content on the degradation behavior, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of Mg-Ag alloys in vitro. The results indicated that a higher silver content can increase the degradation rate of Mg-Ag alloys. However, the degradation rate could be reduced by eliminating the precipitates in the Mg-Ag alloys via T4 treatment. By controlling the microstructure and increasing the silver content, Mg-Ag alloys obtained good antibacterial properties in harsh and dynamic conditions but had almost equivalent cytocompatibility to human primary osteoblasts as pure Mg.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8091265} (DOI). Liu, Z.; Schade, R.; Luthringer, B.; Hort, N.; Rothe, H.; Mueller, S.; Liefeith, K.; Willumeit-Roemer, R.; Feyerabend, F.: Influence of the microstructure and silver content on degradation, cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties of magnesium-silver alloys in vitro. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2017. 8091265. DOI: 10.1155/2017/8091265}}
@misc{ma_polycyclic_aromatic_2017, 
author={Ma, Y.,Halsall, C.J.,Xie, Z.,Koetke, D.,Mi, W.,Ebinghaus, R.,Gao, G.},
title={Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ocean sediments from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.087},
abstract = {Eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in surficial sediments along a marine transect from the North Pacific into the Arctic Ocean. The highest average Σ18PAHs concentrations were observed along the continental slope of the Canada Basin in the Arctic (68.3 ± 8.5 ng g−1 dw), followed by sediments in the Chukchi Sea shelf (49.7 ± 21.2 ng g−1 dw) and Bering Sea (39.5 ± 11.3 ng g−1 dw), while the Bering Strait (16.8 ± 7.1 ng g−1 dw) and Central Arctic Ocean sediments (13.1 ± 9.6 ng g−1 dw) had relatively lower average concentrations. The use of principal components analysis with multiple linear regression (PCA/MLR) indicated that on average oil related or petrogenic sources contributed ∼42% of the measured PAHs in the sediments and marked by higher concentrations of two methylnaphthalenes over the non-alkylated parent PAH, naphthalene. Wood and coal combustion contributed ∼32%, and high temperature pyrogenic sources contributing ∼26%. Petrogenic sources, such as oil seeps, allochthonous coal and coastally eroded material such as terrigenous sediments particularly affected the Chukchi Sea shelf and slope of the Canada Basin, while biomass and coal combustion sources appeared to have greater influence in the central Arctic Ocean, possibly due to the effects of episodic summertime forest fires.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.087} (DOI). Ma, Y.; Halsall, C.; Xie, Z.; Koetke, D.; Mi, W.; Ebinghaus, R.; Gao, G.: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ocean sediments from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean. Environmental Pollution. 2017. vol. 227, 498-504. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.087}}
@misc{brase_high_resolution_2017, 
author={Brase, L.,Bange, H.W.,Lendt, R.,Sanders, T.,Daehnke, K.},
title={High Resolution Measurements of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) in the Elbe Estuary},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00162},
abstract = {Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the most important greenhouse gases and a major sink for stratospheric ozone. Estuaries are sites of intense biological production and N2O emissions. We aimed to identify hot spots of N2O production and potential pathways contributing to N2O concentrations in the surface water of the tidal Elbe estuary. During two research cruises in April and June 2015, surface water N2O concentrations were measured along the salinity gradient of the Elbe estuary by using a laser-based on-line analyzer coupled to an equilibrator. Based on these high-resolution N2O profiles, N2O saturations, and fluxes across the surface water/atmosphere interface were calculated. Additional measurements of DIN concentrations, oxygen concentration, and salinity were performed. Highest N2O concentrations were determined in the Hamburg port region reaching maximum values of 32.3 nM in April 2015 and 52.2 nM in June 2015. These results identify the Hamburg port region as a significant hot spot of N2O production, where linear correlations of AOU-N2Oxs indicate nitrification as an important contributor to N2O production in the freshwater part. However, in the region with lowest oxygen saturation, sediment denitrification obviously affected water column N2O saturation. The average N2O saturation over the entire estuary was 201% (SD: ±94%), with an average estuarine N2O flux density of 48 μmol m−2 d−1 and an overall emission of 0.18 Gg N2O y−1. In comparison to previous studies, our data indicate that N2O production pathways over the whole estuarine freshwater part have changed from predominant denitrification in the 1980s toward significant production from nitrification in the present estuary. Despite a significant reduction in N2O saturation compared to the 1980s, N2O concentrations nowadays remain on a high level, comparable to the mid-90s, although a steady decrease of DIN inputs occurred over the last decades. Hence, the Elbe estuary still remains an important source of N2O to the atmosphere.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00162} (DOI). Brase, L.; Bange, H.; Lendt, R.; Sanders, T.; Daehnke, K.: High Resolution Measurements of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) in the Elbe Estuary. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2017. vol. 4, 162. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00162}}
@misc{paetsch_an_evaluation_2017, 
author={Paetsch, J.,Burchard, H.,Dieterich, C.,Graewe, U.,Groeger, M.,Mathis, M.,Kapitza, H.,Bersch, M.,Moll, A.,Pohlmann, T.,Su, J.,Ho-Hagemann, H.T.M.,Schulz, A.,Elizalde, A.,Eden, C.},
title={An evaluation of the North Sea circulation in global and regional models relevant for ecosystem simulations},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.06.005},
abstract = {Simulations of the North Sea circulation by the global ocean model MPI-OM and the regional ocean models GETM, HAMSOM, NEMO, TRIM are compared against each other and with observational data for the period 1998–2009. The aim of the study is to evaluate the quality of the simulations in particular with respect to their suitability to drive biogeochemical shelf sea models. Our results demonstrate the benefit of the global model to avoid the specification of lateral open boundary conditions. Due to its stretched grid configuration, which provides a higher grid resolution at the Northwest European Shelf, the global model is able to reproduce the large-scale features, such as the water mass distribution and the thermal stratification in the central and northern North Sea, qualitatively similar to the regional models. The simulation of temperature and salinity near the coast however, shows large biases in almost all models because of the coarse meteorological forcing and too coarse vertical resolutions. The simulation of the Baltic Sea exchange and the spread of freshwater along the Norwegian coast proved difficult for all models except GETM, which reproduces impacts of the Baltic Sea outflow reasonably well.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.06.005} (DOI). Paetsch, J.; Burchard, H.; Dieterich, C.; Graewe, U.; Groeger, M.; Mathis, M.; Kapitza, H.; Bersch, M.; Moll, A.; Pohlmann, T.; Su, J.; Ho-Hagemann, H.; Schulz, A.; Elizalde, A.; Eden, C.: An evaluation of the North Sea circulation in global and regional models relevant for ecosystem simulations. Ocean Modelling. 2017. vol. 116, 70-95. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.06.005}}
@misc{neumann_empirical_model_2017, 
author={Neumann, A.,Moebius, J.,Hass, H.C.,Puls, W.,Friedrich, J.},
title={Empirical model to estimate permeability of surface sediments in the German Bight (North Sea)},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2016.12.002},
abstract = {As the determinant of solute and particle fluxes through sediments, quantifying sediment permeability is vital step in understanding of the exchange phenomena between the water column and sediment as permeability determines the mode and intensity of solute and particle fluxes. Reliable estimates of sediment permeability are therefore a constraint on the accurate implementation of benthic biogeochemical models. This is particularly true for the North Sea, as field data are scarce and available grain-size-based models fail to represent the full range of sediment types. In this study, we combine measurements of sediment permeability and grain size analysis with a generic permeability model to establish a high-resolution permeability map of the sediment in the German Bight (North Sea). Our results show a good agreement between model-based prediction and measurements of permeability, even for a wide range of permeability values.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2016.12.002} (DOI). Neumann, A.; Moebius, J.; Hass, H.; Puls, W.; Friedrich, J.: Empirical model to estimate permeability of surface sediments in the German Bight (North Sea). Journal of Sea Research. 2017. vol. 127, 36-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2016.12.002}}
@misc{neumann_nitrate_consumption_2017, 
author={Neumann, A.,Beusekom, J.E.E.van,Holtappels, M.,Emeis, K.-C.},
title={Nitrate consumption in sediments of the German Bight (North Sea)},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2017.06.012},
abstract = {Denitrification on continental margins and in coastal sediments is a major sink of reactive N in the present nitrogen cycle and a major ecosystem service of eutrophied coastal waters. We analyzed the nitrate removal in surface sediments of the Elbe estuary, Wadden Sea, and adjacent German Bight (SE North Sea) during two seasons (spring and summer) along a eutrophication gradient ranging from a high riverine nitrate concentrations at the Elbe Estuary to offshore areas with low nitrate concentrations. The gradient encompassed the full range of sediment types and organic carbon concentrations of the southern North Sea. Based on nitrate penetration depth and concentration gradient in the porewater we estimated benthic nitrate consumption rates assuming either diffusive transport in cohesive sediments or advective transport in permeable sediments. For the latter we derived a mechanistic model of porewater flow. During the peak nitrate discharge of the river Elbe in March, the highest rates of diffusive nitrate uptake were observed in muddy sediments (up to 2.8 mmol m− 2 d− 1). The highest advective uptake rate in that period was observed in permeable sediment and was tenfold higher (up to 32 mmol m− 2 d− 1). The intensity of both diffusive and advective nitrate consumption dropped with the nitrate availability and thus decreased from the Elbe estuary towards offshore stations, and were further decreased during late summer (minimum nitrate discharge) compared to late winter (maximum nitrate discharge). In summary, our rate measurements indicate that the permeable sediment accounts for up to 90% of the total benthic reactive nitrogen consumption in the study area due to the high efficiency of advective nitrate transport into permeable sediment. Extrapolating the averaged nitrate consumption of different sediment classes to the areas of Elbe Estuary, Wadden Sea and eastern German Bight amounts to an N-loss of 3.1 ∗ 106 mol N d− 1 from impermeable, diffusion-controlled sediment, and 5.2 ∗ 107 mol N d− 1 from permeable sediment with porewater advection.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2017.06.012} (DOI). Neumann, A.; Beusekom, J.; Holtappels, M.; Emeis, K.: Nitrate consumption in sediments of the German Bight (North Sea). Journal of Sea Research. 2017. vol. 127, 26-35. DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2017.06.012}}
@misc{vetere_quantitative_and_2017, 
author={Vetere, A.,Proefrock, D.,Schrader, W.},
title={Quantitative and qualitative analysis of three classes of sulfur compounds in crude oil},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201703205},
abstract = {Due to environmental hazards arising from sulfur containing combustion products, strong legal regulations exist to reduce the sulfur content of transportation fuels down to a few ppm. With the ongoing depletion of low-sulfur crude oil reservoirs, increased technological efforts are needed for crude oil refining to meet these requirements. The desulfurization step is a critical part of the refining process but partly suffers from recalcitrance of certain species against sulfur removal and the inability to quantitatively understand the behaviour of individual classes during the process. Here a new and simple approach for the parallel quantification of three different classes of sulfur species present in crude oils using LC-separation and an online detection and quantification by ICP-MS is shown. This new and simple approach will help to estimate the amount of recalcitrant species and thus to allow a better optimization of desulfurization conditions during fuel production.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201703205} (DOI). Vetere, A.; Proefrock, D.; Schrader, W.: Quantitative and qualitative analysis of three classes of sulfur compounds in crude oil. Angewandte Chemie - International Edition. 2017. vol. 56, no. 36, 10933-10937. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703205}}
@misc{floeter_pelagic_effects_2017, 
author={Floeter, J.,Beusekom, J.E.E.van,Auch, D.,Callies, U.,Carpenter, J.,Dudeck, T.,Eberle, S.,Eckhardt, A.,Gloe, D.,Haenselmann, K.,Hufnagl, M.,Janssen, S.,Lenhart, H.,Moeller, K.O.,North, R.P.,Pohlmann, T.,Riethmueller, R.,Schulz, S.,Spreizenbarth, S.,Temming, A.,Walter, B.,Zielinski, O.,Moellmann, C.},
title={Pelagic effects of offshore wind farm foundations in the stratified North Sea},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2017.07.003},
abstract = {A recent increase in the construction of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) has initiated numerous environmental impact assessments and monitoring programs. These focus on sea mammals, seabirds, benthos or demersal fish, but generally ignore any potential effects OWFs may have on the pelagic ecosystem. The only work on the latter has been through modelling analyses, which predict localised impacts like enhanced vertical mixing leading to a decrease in seasonal stratification, as well as shelf-wide changes of tidal amplitudes. Here we provide for the first-time empirical bio-physical data from an OWF. The data were obtained by towing a remotely operated vehicle (TRIAXUS ROTV) through two non-operating OWFs in the summer stratified North Sea. The undulating TRIAXUS transects provided high-resolution CTD data accompanied by oxygen and chlorophyll-a measurements. We provide empirical indication that vertical mixing is increased within the OWFs, leading to a doming of the thermocline and a subsequent transport of nutrients into the surface mixed layer (SML). Nutrients were taken up rapidly because underwater photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) enabled net primary production in the entire water column, especially within submesoscale chlorophyll-a pillars that were observed at regular intervals within the OWF regions. Video Plankton Recorder (VPR) images revealed distinct meroplankton distribution patterns in a copepod-dominated plankton community. Hydroacoustic records did not show any OWF effects on the distribution of pelagic fish. The results of a pre-OWF survey show however, that it is difficult to fully separate the anthropogenic impacts from the natural variability.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2017.07.003} (DOI). Floeter, J.; Beusekom, J.; Auch, D.; Callies, U.; Carpenter, J.; Dudeck, T.; Eberle, S.; Eckhardt, A.; Gloe, D.; Haenselmann, K.; Hufnagl, M.; Janssen, S.; Lenhart, H.; Moeller, K.; North, R.; Pohlmann, T.; Riethmueller, R.; Schulz, S.; Spreizenbarth, S.; Temming, A.; Walter, B.; Zielinski, O.; Moellmann, C.: Pelagic effects of offshore wind farm foundations in the stratified North Sea. Progress in Oceanography. 2017. vol. 156, 154-173. DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2017.07.003}}
@misc{kraemer_abrupt_emergence_2017, 
author={Kraemer, K.,Holler, P.,Herbst, G.,Bratek, A.,Ahmerkamp, S.,Neumann, A.,Bartholomae, A.,Beusekom, J.E.E.van,Holtappels, M.,Winter, C.},
title={Abrupt emergence of a large pockmark field in the German Bight, southeastern North Sea},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05536-1},
abstract = {A series of multibeam bathymetry surveys revealed the emergence of a large pockmark field in the southeastern North Sea. Covering an area of around 915 km2, up to 1,200 pockmarks per square kilometer have been identified. The time of emergence can be confined to 3 months in autumn 2015, suggesting a very dynamic genesis. The gas source and the trigger for the simultaneous outbreak remain speculative. Subseafloor structures and high methane concentrations of up to 30 μmol/l in sediment pore water samples suggest a source of shallow biogenic methane from the decomposition of postglacial deposits in a paleo river valley. Storm waves are suggested as the final trigger for the eruption of the gas. Due to the shallow water depths and energetic conditions at the presumed time of eruption, a large fraction of the released gas must have been emitted to the atmosphere. Conservative estimates amount to 5 kt of methane, equivalent to 67% of the annual release from the entire North Sea. These observations most probably describe a reoccurring phenomenon in shallow shelf seas, which may have been overlooked before because of the transient nature of shallow water bedforms and technology limitations of high resolution bathymetric mapping.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05536-1} (DOI). Kraemer, K.; Holler, P.; Herbst, G.; Bratek, A.; Ahmerkamp, S.; Neumann, A.; Bartholomae, A.; Beusekom, J.; Holtappels, M.; Winter, C.: Abrupt emergence of a large pockmark field in the German Bight, southeastern North Sea. Scientific Reports. 2017. vol. 7, 5150. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05536-1}}
@misc{klopfleisch_the_pathology_2017, 
author={Klopfleisch, R.,Jung, F.},
title={The pathology of the foreign body reaction against biomaterials},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.35958},
abstract = {The healing process after implantation of biomaterials involves the interaction of many contributing factors. Besides their in vivo functionality, biomaterials also require characteristics that allow their integration into the designated tissue without eliciting an overshooting foreign body reaction (FBR). The targeted design of biomaterials with these features, thus, needs understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the FBR. Much effort has been put into research on the interaction of engineered materials and the host tissue. This elucidated many aspects of the five FBR phases, that is protein adsorption, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, foreign body giant cell formation, and fibrous capsule formation. However, in practice, it is still difficult to predict the response against a newly designed biomaterial purely based on the knowledge of its physical–chemical surface features. This insufficient knowledge leads to a high number of factors potentially influencing the FBR, which have to be analyzed in complex animal experiments including appropriate data-based sample sizes. This review is focused on the current knowledge on the general mechanisms of the FBR against biomaterials and the influence of biomaterial surface topography and chemical and physical features on the quality and quantity of the reaction.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.35958} (DOI). Klopfleisch, R.; Jung, F.: The pathology of the foreign body reaction against biomaterials. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research  A. 2017. vol. 105, no. 3, 927-940. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35958}}
@misc{shin_incremental_diagnostic_2017, 
author={Shin, E.-S.,Lam, Y.-Y.,Her, A.-Y.,Brachmann, J.,Jung, F.,Park, J.-W.},
title={Incremental diagnostic value of combined quantitative and qualitative parameters of magnetocardiography to detect coronary artery disease},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.165},
abstract = {Background/objectives,Magnetocardiography (MCG) has been proposed as a non-invasive and functional technique with high accuracy for diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. This study sought to investigate the incremental diagnostic value of combined quantitative and qualitative parameters of MCG to detect coronary artery disease (CAD).,Methods,Ninety six patients with suspected CAD who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in the analysis to test the diagnostic accuracy of 2 MCG parameters (a quantitative parameter of the percent change of ST-segment fluctuation score and a qualitative parameter of non-dipole phenomenon).,Results,The best cut-off value for the percent change of ST-segment fluctuation score was − 51.0%. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 78.1, 73.9, 82.0, 79.1, and 77.4, in the percent change of ST-segment fluctuation score and 86.5, 84.8, 88.0, 86.7, and 86.3 in non-dipole phenomenon. The area under the curve of receiver-operating characteristics was 0.79 for the percent change of ST-segment fluctuation score and 0.86 for non-dipole phenomenon (p < 0.001). However, the incorporation of non-dipole phenomenon into a model with the percent change of ST-segment fluctuation score significantly improved C-statistics, indicating the enhancement of diagnostic performance in the detection of significant CAD (0.790 to 0.930; p < 0.001).,Conclusions,Qualitative assessment of non-dipole phenomenon has a better diagnostic value than the quantitative parameter of percent change of ST-segment fluctuation score in the detection of significant CAD. Furthermore, this study found that the incorporation of non-dipole phenomenon into the percent change of ST-segment fluctuation score significantly improved the diagnostic performance of CAD detection.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.165} (DOI). Shin, E.; Lam, Y.; Her, A.; Brachmann, J.; Jung, F.; Park, J.: Incremental diagnostic value of combined quantitative and qualitative parameters of magnetocardiography to detect coronary artery disease. International Journal of Cardiology. 2017. vol. 228, 948-952. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.165}}
@misc{braune_evaluation_of_2017, 
author={Braune, S.,Sperling, C.,Maitz, M.F.,Steinseifer, U.,Clauser, J.,Hiebl, B.,Krajewski, S.,Wendel, H.P.,Jung, F.},
title={Evaluation of platelet adhesion and activation on polymers: Round-robin study to assess inter-center variability},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.053},
abstract = {The regulatory agencies provide recommendations rather than protocols or standard operation procedures for the hemocompatibility evaluation of novel materials e.g. for cardiovascular applications. Thus, there is a lack of specifications with regard to test setups and procedures. As a consequence, laboratories worldwide perform in vitro assays under substantially different test conditions, so that inter-laboratory and inter-study comparisons are impossible. Here, we report about a prospective, randomized and double-blind multicenter trial which demonstrates that standardization of in vitro test protocols allows a reproducible assessment of platelet adhesion and activation from fresh human platelet rich plasma as possible indicators of the thrombogenicity of cardiovascular implants. Standardization of the reported static in vitro setup resulted in a laboratory independent scoring of the following materials: poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(tetrafluoro ethylene) (PTFE). The results of this in vitro study provide evidence that inter-laboratory and inter-study comparisons can be achieved for the evaluation of the adhesion and activation of platelets on blood-contacting biomaterials by stringent standardization of test protocols.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.053} (DOI). Braune, S.; Sperling, C.; Maitz, M.; Steinseifer, U.; Clauser, J.; Hiebl, B.; Krajewski, S.; Wendel, H.; Jung, F.: Evaluation of platelet adhesion and activation on polymers: Round-robin study to assess inter-center variability. Colloids and Surfaces  B. 2017. vol. 158, 416-422. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.053}}
@misc{braune_comment_on_2017, 
author={Braune, S.,Latour, R.A.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Comment on: “Hemocompatibility of Superhemophobic Titania Surfaces”},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201700294},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201700294} (DOI). Braune, S.; Latour, R.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Comment on: “Hemocompatibility of Superhemophobic Titania Surfaces”. Advanced Healthcare Materials. 2017. vol. 6, no. 17, 1700294. DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700294}}
@misc{reviakine_stirred_shaken_2017, 
author={Reviakine, I.,Jung, F.,Braune, S.,Brash, J.L.,Latour, R.,Gorbet, M.,Oeveren, W.van},
title={Stirred, shaken, or stagnant: What goes on at the blood-biomaterial interface},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2016.07.003},
abstract = {There is a widely recognized need to improve the performance of vascular implants and external medical devices that come into contact with blood by reducing adverse reactions they cause, such as thrombosis and inflammation. These reactions lead to major adverse cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes. Currently, they are managed therapeutically. This need remains unmet by the biomaterials research community. Recognized stagnation of the blood–biomaterial interface research translates into waning interest from clinicians, funding agencies, and practitioners of adjacent fields. The purpose of this contribution is to stir things up. It follows the 2014 BloodSurf meeting (74th International IUVSTA Workshop on Blood–Biomaterial Interactions), offers reflections on the situation in the field, and a three-pronged strategy integrating different perspectives on the biological mechanisms underlying blood–biomaterial interactions. The success of this strategy depends on reengaging clinicians and on the renewed cooperation of the funding agencies to support long-term efforts.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2016.07.003} (DOI). Reviakine, I.; Jung, F.; Braune, S.; Brash, J.; Latour, R.; Gorbet, M.; Oeveren, W.: Stirred, shaken, or stagnant: What goes on at the blood-biomaterial interface. Blood Reviews. 2017. vol. 31, no. 1, 11-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.07.003}}
@misc{blocki_response_of_2017, 
author={Blocki, A.,Loewenberg, C.,Jiang, Y.,Kratz, K.,Neffe, A.T.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Response of encapsulated cells to a gelatin matrix with varied bulk and microenvironmental elastic properties},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.3947},
abstract = {Gelatin-based hydrogels offer various biochemical cues that support encapsulated cells and are therefore suitable as cell delivery vehicles in regenerative medicine. However, besides the biochemical signals, biomechanical cues are crucial to ensure an optimal support of encapsulated cells. Hence, we aimed to correlate the cellular response of encapsulated cells to macroscopic and microscopic elastic properties of glycidylmethacrylate (GMA)-functionalized gelatin-based hydrogels. To ensure that different observations in cellular behavior could be attributed to differences in elastic properties, an identical concentration as well as degree of functionalization of biopolymers was utilized to form covalently crosslinked hydrogels. Elastic properties were merely altered by varying the average gelatin-chain length. Hydrogels exhibited an increased degree of swelling and a decreased bulk elastic modulus G′ with prolonged autoclaving of the starting solution. This was accompanied by an increase of hydrogel mesh size and thus by a reduction of crosslinking density. Tougher hydrogels retained the largest amount of cells; however, they also interfered with cell viability. Softer gels contained a lower cell density, but supported cell elongation and viability. Observed differences could be partially attributed to differences in bulk properties, as high crosslinking densities interfere with diffusion and cell spreading and thus can impede cell viability. Interestingly, a microscopic elastic modulus in the range of native soft tissue supported cell viability and elongation best while ensuring a good cell entrapment. In conclusion, gelatin-based hydrogels providing a soft tissue-like microenvironment represent adequate cell delivery vehicles for tissue engineering approaches.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.3947} (DOI). Blocki, A.; Loewenberg, C.; Jiang, Y.; Kratz, K.; Neffe, A.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Response of encapsulated cells to a gelatin matrix with varied bulk and microenvironmental elastic properties. Polymers for Advanced Technologies. 2017. vol. 28, no. 10, 1245-1251. DOI: 10.1002/pat.3947}}
@misc{hauser_human_endothelial_2017, 
author={Hauser, S.,Jung, F.,Pietzsch, J.},
title={Human Endothelial Cell Models in Biomaterial Research},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.09.007},
abstract = {Endothelial cell (EC) models have evolved as important tools in biomaterial research due to ubiquitously occurring interactions between implanted materials and the endothelium. However, screening the available literature has revealed a gap between material scientists and physiologists in terms of their understanding of these biomaterial–endothelium interactions and their relative importance. Consequently, EC models are often applied in nonphysiological experimental setups, or too extensive conclusions are drawn from their results. The question arises whether this might be one reason why, among the many potential biomaterials, only a few have found their way into the clinic. In this review, we provide an overview of established EC models and possible selection criteria to enable researchers to determine the most reliable and relevant EC model to use.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.09.007} (DOI). Hauser, S.; Jung, F.; Pietzsch, J.: Human Endothelial Cell Models in Biomaterial Research. Trends in Biotechnology. 2017. vol. 35, no. 3, 265-277. DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.09.007}}
@misc{ahmerkamp_regulation_of_2017, 
author={Ahmerkamp, S.,Winter, C.,Kraemer, K.,de Beer, D.,Janssen, F.,Friedrich, J.,Kuypers, M.M.M.,Holtappels, M.},
title={Regulation of benthic oxygen fluxes in permeable sediments of the coastal ocean},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10544},
abstract = {Large areas of the oceanic shelf are composed of sandy sediments through which reactive solutes are transported via porewater advection fueling active microbial communities. The advective oxygen transport in permeable sands of the North Sea was investigated under in situ conditions using a new benthic observatory to assess the dynamic interaction of hydrodynamics, sediment morphodynamics, and oxygen penetration depth. During 16 deployments, concurrent measurement of current velocity, sediment topography, and porewater oxygen concentration were carried out. In all cases the oxyclines were found at depths of 1–6 cm, correlating with the topography of stationary and migrating bedforms (ripples). Different conditions in terms of bottom water currents and bedform migration led to fluctuating oxygen penetration depths and, hence, highly variable redox conditions in up to 2.5 cm thick layers beneath the surface. Volumetric oxygen consumption rates of surface sediments were measured on board in flow-through reactors. Bedform migration was found to reduce consumption rates by up to , presumably caused by the washout of organic carbon that is otherwise trapped in the pore space of the sediment. Based on the observations we found oxygen penetration depths to be largely controlled by oxygen consumption rates, grain size, and current velocity. These controlling variables are summarized by an adapted Damköhler number which allows for prediction of oxygen penetretion depths based on a simple scaling law. By integrating the oxygen consumption rates over the oxygen penetration depth, oxygen fluxes of 8–34 mmol m−2 d−1 were estimated.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10544} (DOI). Ahmerkamp, S.; Winter, C.; Kraemer, K.; de Beer, D.; Janssen, F.; Friedrich, J.; Kuypers, M.; Holtappels, M.: Regulation of benthic oxygen fluxes in permeable sediments of the coastal ocean. Limnology and Oceanography. 2017. vol. 62, no. 5, 1935-1954. DOI: 10.1002/lno.10544}}
@misc{tchaikovsky_isotope_pattern_2017, 
author={Tchaikovsky, A.,Irrgeher, J.,Zitek, A.,Prohaska, T.},
title={Isotope pattern deconvolution of different sources of stable strontium isotopes in natural systems},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/C7JA00251C},
abstract = {Isotope pattern deconvolution (IPD) was used to determine the contribution of different Sr sources to the Sr isotopic composition of natural samples on the example of sturgeon caviar and otoliths. For this purpose, the Sr isotopic composition of raw and salted sturgeon caviar, otoliths as well as water, fish feed and salt (representing the assumed main contributors to the final isotopic composition of strontium in caviar) were analyzed using MC ICP-MS. The molar fractions and their uncertainties were determined using multiple-linear regression modeling and linear algebra calculations. The optimized approach was applied to caviar and otolith samples of different origin. The Sr isotopic composition of raw caviar and otoliths was formed to 79.8 ± 4.3 % by water and 20.2 ± 4.3 % by fish feed (1 SD, n=5, between sites variation). Deconvolution was possible even when the isotopic difference of the n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) between sources was less than 0.1 %. The influence of salting to the isotopic compostion of processed caviar accounted up to almost 80 % for samples treated with salt containing high concentrations of Sr. The developed methodology provides the basis for the accurate origin determination of samples by n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) isotopic-amount ratios, in cases, where the initial natural signature is modified by known additives.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/C7JA00251C} (DOI). Tchaikovsky, A.; Irrgeher, J.; Zitek, A.; Prohaska, T.: Isotope pattern deconvolution of different sources of stable strontium isotopes in natural systems. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 2017. vol. 32, no. 11, 2300-2307. DOI: 10.1039/C7JA00251C}}
@misc{draxler_the_potential_2017, 
author={Draxler, J.,Martinelli, E.,Weinberg, A.M.,Zitek, A.,Irrgeher, J.,Meischel, M.,Stanzl-Tschegg, S.E.,Mingler, B.,Prohaska, T.},
title={The potential of isotopically enriched magnesium to study bone implant degradation in vivo},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.054},
abstract = {This pilot study highlights the substantial potential of using isotopically enriched (non-radioactive) metals to study the fate of biodegradable metal implants. It was possible to show that magnesium (Mg) release can be observed by combining isotopic mass spectrometry and isotopic pattern deconvolution for data reduction, even at low amounts of Mg released a from slowly degrading 26Mg enriched (>99%) Mg metal. Following implantation into rats, structural in vivo changes were monitored by μCT. Results showed that the applied Mg had an average degradation rate of 16 ± 5 μm year−1, which corresponds with the degradation rate of pure Mg. Bone and tissue extraction was performed 4, 24, and 52 weeks after implantation. Bone cross sections were analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the lateral 26Mg distribution. The 26Mg/24Mg ratios in digested tissue and excretion samples were analyzed by multi collector ICP-MS. Isotope pattern deconvolution in combination with ICP-MS enabled detection of Mg pin material in amounts as low as 200 ppm in bone tissues and 20 ppm in tissues up to two fold increased Mg levels with a contribution of pin-derived Mg of up to 75% (4 weeks) and 30% (24 weeks) were found adjacent to the implant. After complete degradation, no visual bone disturbance or residual pin-Mg could be detected in cortical bone. In organs, increased Δ26Mg/24Mg values up to 16‰ were determined compared to control samples. Increased Δ26Mg/24Mg values were detected in serum samples at a constant total Mg level. In contrast to urine, feces did not show a shift in the 26Mg/24Mg ratios. This investigation showed that the organism is capable of handling excess Mg well and that bones fully recover after degradation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.054} (DOI). Draxler, J.; Martinelli, E.; Weinberg, A.; Zitek, A.; Irrgeher, J.; Meischel, M.; Stanzl-Tschegg, S.; Mingler, B.; Prohaska, T.: The potential of isotopically enriched magnesium to study bone implant degradation in vivo. Acta Biomaterialia. 2017. vol. 51, 526-536. DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.054}}
@misc{callies_surface_drifters_2017, 
author={Callies, U.,Groll, N.,Horstmann, J.,Kapitza, H.,Klein, H.,Massmann, S.,Schwichtenberg, F.},
title={Surface drifters in the German Bight: model validation considering windage and Stokes drift},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-799-2017},
abstract = {Six surface drifters (drogued at about 1 m depth) deployed in the inner German Bight (North Sea) were tracked for between 9 and 54 days. Corresponding simulations were conducted offline based on surface currents from two independent models (BSHcmod and TRIM). Inclusion of a direct wind drag (0.6 % of 10 m wind) was needed for successful simulations based on BSHcmod currents archived for a 5 m depth surface layer. Adding 50 % of surface Stokes drift simulated with a third-generation wave model (WAM) was tested as an alternative approach. Results resembled each other during most of the time. Successful simulations based on TRIM surface currents (1 m depth) suggest that both approaches were mainly needed to compensate insufficient vertical resolution of hydrodynamic currents.,The study suggests that the main sources of simulation errors were inaccurate Eulerian currents and lacking representation of sub-grid-scale processes. Substantial model errors often occurred under low wind conditions. A lower limit of predictability (about 3–5 km day−1) was estimated from two drifters that were initially spaced 20 km apart but converged quickly and diverged again after having stayed at a distance of 2 km or less for about 10 days. In most cases, errors in simulated 25 h drifter displacements were of similar order of magnitude.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-799-2017} (DOI). Callies, U.; Groll, N.; Horstmann, J.; Kapitza, H.; Klein, H.; Massmann, S.; Schwichtenberg, F.: Surface drifters in the German Bight: model validation considering windage and Stokes drift. Ocean Science. 2017. vol. 13, no. 5, 799-827. DOI: 10.5194/os-13-799-2017}}
@misc{kruegergenge_effects_of_2017, 
author={Krueger-Genge, A.,Hiebl, B.,Franke, R.P.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Effects of Tacrolimus or Sirolimus on the adhesion of vascular wall cells: Controlled in-vitro comparison study},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-179211},
abstract = {In drug eluting stents the cytostatic drugs Sirolimus or Tacrolimus are used to inhibit blood vessel restenosis by limiting the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. However, the cytostatic activity of both drugs was shown to be not cell specific and could also affect the stent endothelialisation, respectively. Currently, only limited in vitro data are available about the impact of Sirolimus and Tacrolimus on endothelial cell proliferation over a broad concentration range. To answer this question the following study was performed.,Commercially obtained HUVEC were expanded with DMEM cell culture medium (GIBCO, Germany) supplemented with 5 vol% fetal calf serum on non-coated regular polystyrene-based 24-multiwell plates. For drug testings 2×104 cells/cm2 were seeded and grown for 24 h until 30–40% of the multiwell surfaces were covered and then exposed to Sirolimus (1.0×10–11–1.0×10–5 mol/l) or Tacrolimus (2.0×10–8–6.2×10–5 mol/l), both dissolved in DMSO. 12, 24 and 48 h after adding the drugs cell numbers per area were quantified by counting the cells in six wells with four fields of view per well, representing 0.6 mm2, using a confocal laser microscope.,After 48 h of cell growth in the drug-free cell culture medium, the HUVEC number increased from 2.0×104 to 3.55×104 cells/cm2 (mean cell doubling time: 53.6 h, n = 6). At lower concentrations (≤2.0×10–6 mol/l) Tacrolimus reduced the number of adherent HUVEC significantly less than Sirolimus (p < 0.05). However, at higher concentrations (≥2.07×10–5 mol/l) the effect of Tacrolimus on the number of adherent endothelial cells was significantly greater than that of Sirolimus (p < 0.05). At the highest concentration applied (6.22×10–5 mol/l), Tacrolimus induced detachment of all HUVECs within 12 h after drug application. The number of adherent HUVEC decreased only slightly (about 9%) after Sirolimus application at the highest concentration (1.09×10–5 mol/l).,These data show that in a non-flow model the cytostatic drug Tacrolimus reduced the number of adherent endothelial cells less than Sirolimus, as long as the drug concentration did not surpass 10–6 mol/l. At the limits of solubility, Sirolimus (1×10–5 mol/l) reduced the number of adherent endothelial cells less than Tacrolimus (6×10–5 mol/l), which induced detachment of endothelial cells.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-179211} (DOI). Krueger-Genge, A.; Hiebl, B.; Franke, R.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Effects of Tacrolimus or Sirolimus on the adhesion of vascular wall cells: Controlled in-vitro comparison study. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2017. vol. 67, no. 3-4, 309-318. DOI: 10.3233/CH-179211}}
@misc{blocki_engineering_of_2017, 
author={Blocki, A.,Loeper, F.,Chirico, N.,Neffe, A.T.,Jung, F.,Stamm, C.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Engineering of cell-laden gelatin-based microcapsules for cell delivery and immobilization in regenerative therapies},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-179206},
abstract = {Cell-based therapies often face the challenge of low cell retention and viability upon transplantation. Hence, biomaterials, which can immobilize transplanted cells, while at the same time support cell viability, are essential for successful clinical application. Noteworthy, biomaterials in the micrometer range such as microcapsules have the advantage of a minimally invasive introduction into tissue.,Hence, we established an approach to generate gelatin-based cell carriers in the form of microspherical hydrogels. Fibroblasts were microencapsulated in glycidylmethacrylate (GMA)-functionalized gelatin by photopolymerization. While the degree of GMA-functionalization was kept constant, the hydrogel cross-linking density was adjusted by varying the time of irradiation, or the average gelatin-chain length.,Stable microcapsules could be achieved with 10 wt% GMA-gelatin solutions for all irradiation periods tested (0.5 –2 min). Evaluation of cell viability revealed that microgels with the same weight content of biopolymer but with decreased cross-linking densities and thus decreasing storage, and E moduli resulted in best cell support. Noteworthy, encapsulated cells partially migrated out of the microcapsules and attached to the spherical surface.,10 wt% GMA-gelatin-based hydrogels with E moduli properties comparable to the native cellular niche proved to be a promising biomaterial suitable for the production of cell-laden microcapsules and shall be evaluated further for biomedical application.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-179206} (DOI). Blocki, A.; Loeper, F.; Chirico, N.; Neffe, A.; Jung, F.; Stamm, C.; Lendlein, A.: Engineering of cell-laden gelatin-based microcapsules for cell delivery and immobilization in regenerative therapies. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2017. vol. 67, no. 3-4, 251-259. DOI: 10.3233/CH-179206}}
@misc{mrowietz_reference_range_2017, 
author={Mrowietz, C.,Franke, F.P.,Pindur, G.,Wolf, U.,Jung, F.},
title={Reference range and variability of Laser-Doppler-Fluxmetry},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-179215},
abstract = {The Laser Doppler technique, a noninvasive method to estimate skin blood flow (LDF), is frequently used in research and clinical routine [1]. Here, the measurements were carried out with a new Laser Doppler system, the DOPsystem, which allows to measure frequency spectra in four different frequency windows according to the velocities in venules (low velocity), capillaries (low to medium velocities), and in arteries (with high and very high velocities). However, the diagnostic reliability or the effectiveness of the LDF has not yet been evaluated sufficiently, which is indispensable, where medical diagnostics and therapy controls are concerned. For a valid interpretation of LDF values of individual patients, the knowledge of the reference range and the variability of the measured parameters is required.,In four successive studies the reference range (62 apparently healthy subjects), the circadian variability (8 subjects), the variability from day-to-day (6 subjects) and over one year with monthly measurements (6 subjects) were evaluated.,With the knowledge of the reference range, microcirculatory disorders can now be diagnosed with the DOP method used. Following a standard measurement procedure there was no dependence of the measured data on the day or season of measurement.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-179215} (DOI). Mrowietz, C.; Franke, F.; Pindur, G.; Wolf, U.; Jung, F.: Reference range and variability of Laser-Doppler-Fluxmetry. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2017. vol. 67, no. 3-4, 347-353. DOI: 10.3233/CH-179215}}
@misc{lamby_influence_of_2017, 
author={Lamby, P.,Prantl, L.Krueger-Genge, A.,Franke, R.P.,Jung, E.M.,Jung, F.},
title={Influence of Ultrasound Microbubbles on kidney oxygen tension},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-179201},
abstract = {Ultrasound contrast agents (USCA) allows the dynamic detection of blood flow of both the macro and microvasculature. An obvious prerequisite for USCAs is the unhindered passage of clinically relevant dose levels through the microcirculation especially of the lungue, where they have to pass capillaries with diameters of around 4 μm. While smaller microbubbles rapidly passed through the microcirculation along with the red blood cells, larger microbubbles, however, were observed to coalesce and interrupt the blood flow. Whether this might influence the tissue oxygen tension is unclear up to now.,To examine this question a bolus of 2.4 ml SonoVue™ was injected into the suprarenal aorta at a flow rate of 10 ml/s (a dosage usually applied in the clinic). The pO2 in the outer medulla of the kidney was continuously measured using a flexible pO2 microcatheter. In addition, the SonoVue™ injection and its passage through the renal vasculature were documented by the CEUS technology to assess whether the microbubbles passed the kidney.,The study revealed that SonoVue™ induced no changes of the mean oxygen partial pressure in the outer medulla which confirms that these microbubbles on their way through the medullar capillaries did not hinder the co-flow of blood through the renal microvessels in a big animal model with a renal morphology and function comparable to human kidneys. These results demonstrate that the CEUS diagnostic itself did not influence the system to be examined which is a most important prerequisite for any diagnostic method.,With the introduction of ultrasound contrast agents (USCA), diagnostic ultrasound has entered a new era that allows the dynamic detection of blood flow of both the macro and microvasculature [1]. USCAs are shell-coated gas-filled microbubbles that are administered to the systemic circulation. As there is a great difference in echogenicity between the gas in the microbubbles and the soft tissue of the body such microbubbles are used to image the vasculature as well as the blood flow in veins, arteries and also microvessels [2]. An obvious prerequisite for USCAs is the free, unhindered passage of clinically relevant dose levels through the microcirculation. So, microbubbles have to be able to pass capillaries with diameters of around 4 μm [3]. The mean diameter of the microbubbles of SonoVue™ (Bracco, Konstanz, Germany) was described to be 2.5 μm, and more than 90% of the bubbles are smaller than 8 μm [4]. Bigger bubbles traversing the capillary bed would have to deform and adapt their shape to the diameter of the capillaries. Feinstein et al. showed that the smaller microbubbles rapidly passed through the microcirculation along with the red blood cells. Larger microbubbles, however, were observed to coalesce and interrupt the blood flow (subsequently they collapse or shrink [5]). Up to now it is unclear, whether such USCA-induced drop of blood flow might impair the oxygen tension (pO2) in kidneys [6, 7]. The decisive question is, whether the rate of flow disturbance induced by the injection of SonoVue™ could become so relevant as to influence and limit the oxygen supply to the surrounding kidney tissue.,To examine whether an injection of SonoVue™ might influence the pO2 in the tissue of the downstream microcirculation, a bolus of 2.4 ml was injected into the suprarenal aorta at a flow rate of 10 ml/s (a dosage usually applied in the clinic [8]. It was immediately followed by 10 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution. The pO2 in the outer medulla of the kidney was continuously measured using a flexible pO2 microcather [9]. SonoVue™ injection and its passage through the renal vasculature were documented by the CEUS technology to assess whether the microbubbles passed the kidney [9].,The Bavarian Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved the study protocol for the experiments performed in this study (AZ.: 54-2532.1-31/13).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-179201} (DOI). Lamby, P.; Prantl, L.; Franke, R.; Jung, E.; Jung, F.: Influence of Ultrasound Microbubbles on kidney oxygen tension. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2017. vol. 67, no. 3-4, 211-214. DOI: 10.3233/CH-179201}}
@misc{hufnagl_variation_that_2017, 
author={Hufnagl, M.,Payne, M.,Lacroix, G.,Bolle, L.J.,Daewel, U.,Dickey-Collas, M.,Gerkema, T.,Huret, M.,Janssen, F.,Kreus, M.,Paetsch, J.,Pohlmann, T.,Ruardij, P.,Schrum, C.,Skogen, M.D.,Tiessen, M.C.H.,Petitgas, P.,Beek, J.K.L.van,Veer, H.W.van der,Callies, U.},
title={Variation that can be expected when using particle tracking models in connectivity studies},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2017.04.009},
abstract = {Hydrodynamic Ocean Circulation Models and Lagrangian particle tracking models are valuable tools e.g. in coastal ecology to identify the connectivity between offshore spawning and coastal nursery areas of commercially important fish, for risk assessment and more for defining or evaluating marine protected areas. Most studies are based on only one model and do not provide levels of uncertainty. Here this uncertainty was addressed by applying a suite of 11 North Sea models to test what variability can be expected concerning connectivity. Different notional test cases were calculated related to three important and well-studied North Sea fish species: herring (Clupea harengus), and the flatfishes sole (Solea solea) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). For sole and plaice we determined which fraction of particles released in the respective spawning areas would reach a coastal marine protected area. For herring we determined the fraction located in a wind park after a predefined time span. As temperature is more and more a focus especially in biological and global change studies, furthermore inter-model variability in temperatures experienced by the virtual particles was determined. The main focus was on the transport variability originating from the physical models and thus biological behavior was not included. Depending on the scenario, median experienced temperatures differed by 3 °C between years. The range between the different models in one year was comparable to this temperature range observed between modelled years. Connectivity between flatfish spawning areas and the coastal protected area was highly dependent on the release location and spawning time. No particles released in the English Channel in the sole scenario reached the protected area while up to 20% of the particles released in the plaice scenario did. Interannual trends in transport directions and connectivity rates were comparable between models but absolute values displayed high variations. Most models showed systematic biases during all years in comparison to the ensemble median, indicating that in general interannual variation was represented but absolute values varied. In conclusion: variability between models is generally high and management decisions or scientific analysis using absolute values from only one single model might be biased and results or conclusions drawn from such studies need to be treated with caution. We further concluded that more true validation data for particle modelling are required.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2017.04.009} (DOI). Hufnagl, M.; Payne, M.; Lacroix, G.; Bolle, L.; Daewel, U.; Dickey-Collas, M.; Gerkema, T.; Huret, M.; Janssen, F.; Kreus, M.; Paetsch, J.; Pohlmann, T.; Ruardij, P.; Schrum, C.; Skogen, M.; Tiessen, M.; Petitgas, P.; Beek, J.; Veer, H.; Callies, U.: Variation that can be expected when using particle tracking models in connectivity studies. Journal of Sea Research. 2017. vol. 127, 133-149. DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2017.04.009}}
@misc{ballini_health_costs_2017, 
author={Ballini, F.,Oelcer, A.I.,Brandt, J.,Neumann, D.},
title={Health costs and economic impact of wind assisted ship propulsion},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.09.014},
abstract = {World seaborne transportation is crucial for world trade and global economic growth. Shipping has been increasing since 2009, including oil & gas, dry bulk and container freight, and is very likely to continue this trend in the near future. However, international shipping also produces 2.7% of the world's total CO2 emissions, and globally, air pollutants emitted from international shipping are increasing due to the rise in trade. It is a well-established fact that Greenhouse Gasses (GHGs) cause climate change and that air pollutants trigger a range of health issues for humans. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework, this paper will focus on a general assessment of the health-related externality of air pollution emitted from wind-assisted hybrid ship propulsion within two different emission reduction scenarios. The paper will further analyse the emission impact from both individual scenarios. A Chemical Transport Model (CTM) is used to estimate the realistic concentration of relevant air pollutants, and the Economic Valuation of Air-pollution Model (EVA) is applied to assessing the health-related economic externalities of air pollution.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.09.014} (DOI). Ballini, F.; Oelcer, A.; Brandt, J.; Neumann, D.: Health costs and economic impact of wind assisted ship propulsion. Ocean Engineering. 2017. vol. 146, 477-485. DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.09.014}}
@misc{jacob_oxidation_kinetics_2017, 
author={Jacob, J.,Nowka, B.,Merten, V.,Sanders, T.,Spieck, E.,Daehnke, K.},
title={Oxidation kinetics and inverse isotope effect of marine nitrite-oxidizing isolates},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01859},
abstract = {Nitrification, the step-wise oxidation of ammonium to nitrite and nitrate, is important in the marine environment, because it produces nitrate, the most abundant marine dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) component and N-source for phytoplankton and microbes. This study focuses on the second step of nitrification, which is carried out by a distinct group of organisms, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The growth of NOB is characterized by nitrite oxidation kinetics, which we investigate for four pure cultures of marine NOB (Nitrospina watsonii 347, Nitrospira Ecomares 2.1, Nitrococcus mobilis 231, and Nitrobacter sp. 311). We further compare the kinetics to those of non-marine species, because substrate concentrations in marine environments are comparatively low, which likely influences kinetics and highlights the importance of this study. We also determine the isotope effect during nitrite oxidation of a pure culture of Nitrospina (Nitrospina watsonii 347), belonging to one of the most abundant marine NOB genera, and for a Nitrospira strain (Nitrospira Ecomares 2.1). The enzyme kinetic of nitrite oxidation, described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics, of four marine genera are rather narrow and fall in the low end of Km values reported so far, which span over three orders of magnitude between 9 to >1000 µM NO2-. Nitrospina has the lowest half-saturation constant Km (19 µM NO2-), followed by Nitrobacter (28 µM NO2-), Nitrospira (Km of 54 µM NO2-), and Nitrococcus (120 µM NO2-). The isotope effect during nitrite oxidation by Nitrospira watsonii 347 and Nitrospina Ecomares 2.1 is 10.2±0.9‰ and 9.7±0.8‰, respectively. This confirms the inverse isotope effect of NOB described previously; however, it is at the lower end of reported isotope effects. We speculate that differences in isotope effects reflect distinct NXR orientation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01859} (DOI). Jacob, J.; Nowka, B.; Merten, V.; Sanders, T.; Spieck, E.; Daehnke, K.: Oxidation kinetics and inverse isotope effect of marine nitrite-oxidizing isolates. Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 2017. vol. 80, no. 3, 289-300. DOI: 10.3354/ame01859}}
@misc{wang_folate_receptor_2017, 
author={Wang, W.,Li, W.,Wang, J.,Hu, Q.,Balk, M.,Bieback, K.,Stamm, C.,Jung, F.,Tang, G.,Lendlein, A.,Ma, N.},
title={Folate receptor mediated genetic modification of human mesenchymal stem cells via folic acid-polyethylenimine-grafted poly(N-3-hydroxypropyl)aspartamide},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-179209},
abstract = {Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are targeted as vehicles for cell mediated gene therapy. Here we report on a macromolecular carrier, which was designed aiming at successful targeted gene delivery into MSCs through the mediation of folate receptor and reduced cytotoxicity compared to established cationic polymer vector – polyethylenimine with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 25,000 Dalton (PEI25K). The carrier PHPA-PEI1800-FA was synthesized in a two-step procedure. PHPA-PEI1800 was prepared by grafting polyethylenimine with a Mw of 1800 Dalton (PEI1800) onto the α,β-poly(N-3-hydroxypropyl)-D,L-aspartamide (PHPA) backbone. PHPA-PEI1800-FA was obtained by chemically conjugating folic acid onto PHPA-PEI1800. The grafting degree of PEI1800 was 3.9±0.2% in relation to the CH groups of PHPA and the molar ratio of folic acid conjugated to PEI1800 (χFA) was 1.8±0.1 as calculated by NMR spectroscopy. The copolymers were biodegradable and exhibited lower cytotoxicity than PEI25K. Compared to PHPA-PEI1800, PHPA-PEI1800-FA led to a significantly higher transfection efficiency in human MSCs, which could be attributed to the mediation of folate receptor during the transfection process as confirmed by folic acid competition assay. Both marker gene (GFP) and therapeutic gene (VEGF) were delivered into human MSCs from multi-donors using PHPA-PEI1800-FA. The percentage of GFP+ MSCs showed an average value of 2.85±1.60% but a large variation for different samples. The VEGF expression level of the PHPA-PEI1800-FA transfected cells was significantly higher than that of either untransfected or naked DNA transfected cells. Conclusively, PHPA-PEI1800-FA is a suitable vector to deliver genes into human MSCs through the interaction with folate receptor.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-179209} (DOI). Wang, W.; Li, W.; Wang, J.; Hu, Q.; Balk, M.; Bieback, K.; Stamm, C.; Jung, F.; Tang, G.; Lendlein, A.; Ma, N.: Folate receptor mediated genetic modification of human mesenchymal stem cells via folic acid-polyethylenimine-grafted poly(N-3-hydroxypropyl)aspartamide. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2017. vol. 67, no. 3-4, 279-295. DOI: 10.3233/CH-179209}}
@misc{li_modulation_of_2017, 
author={Li, Z.,Xu, X.,Wang, W.,Kratz, K.,Sun, X.,Zou, J.,Deng, Z.,Jung, F.,Gossen, M.,Ma, N.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Modulation of the mesenchymal stem cell migration capacity via preconditioning with topographic microstructure},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-179208},
abstract = {Controlling mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) behavior is necessary to fully exploit their therapeutic potential. Various approaches are employed to effectively influence the migration capacity of MSCs. Here, topographic microstructures with different microscale roughness were created on polystyrene (PS) culture vessel surfaces as a feasible physical preconditioning strategy to modulate MSC migration. By analyzing trajectories of cells migrating after reseeding, we demonstrated that the mobilization velocity of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) could be promoted by and persisted after brief preconditioning with the appropriate microtopography. Moreover, the elevated activation levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in hADSCs were also observed during and after the preconditioning process. These findings underline the potential enhancement of in vivo therapeutic efficacy in regenerative medicine via transplantation of topographic microstructure preconditioned stem cells.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-179208} (DOI). Li, Z.; Xu, X.; Wang, W.; Kratz, K.; Sun, X.; Zou, J.; Deng, Z.; Jung, F.; Gossen, M.; Ma, N.; Lendlein, A.: Modulation of the mesenchymal stem cell migration capacity via preconditioning with topographic microstructure. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2017. vol. 67, no. 3-4, 267-278. DOI: 10.3233/CH-179208}}
@misc{stervbo_age_dependent_2017, 
author={Stervbo, U.,Pohlmann, D.,Baron, U.,Bozzetti, C.,Juerchott, K.,Maelzer, J.N.,Nienen, M.,Olek, S.,roch, T.,Schulz, A.R.,Warth, S.,Neumann, A.,Thiel, A.,Gruetzkau, A.,Babel, N.},
title={Age dependent differences in the kinetics of GammaDelta T cells after influenza vaccination},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181161},
abstract = {Immunosenescence is a hallmark of the aging immune system and is considered the main cause of a reduced vaccine efficacy in the elderly. Although γδ T cells can become activated by recombinant influenza hemagglutinin, their age-related immunocompetence during a virus-induced immune response has so far not been investigated. In this study we evaluate the kinetics of γδ T cells after vaccination with the trivalent 2011/2012 northern hemisphere seasonal influenza vaccine. We applied multi-parametric flow cytometry to a cohort of 21 young (19–30 years) and 23 elderly (53–67 years) healthy individuals. Activated and proliferating γδ T cells, as identified by CD38 and Ki67 expression, were quantified on the days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21. We observed a significantly lower number of activated and proliferating γδ T cells at baseline and following vaccination in elderly as compared to young individuals. The kinetics changes of activated γδ T cells were much stronger in the young, while corresponding changes in the elderly occurred slower. In addition, we observed an association between day 21 HAI titers of influenza A and the frequencies of Ki67+ γδ T cells at day 7 in the young. In conclusion, aging induces alterations of the γδ T cell response that might have negative implications for vaccination efficacy.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181161} (DOI). Stervbo, U.; Pohlmann, D.; Baron, U.; Bozzetti, C.; Juerchott, K.; Maelzer, J.; Nienen, M.; Olek, S.; roch, T.; Schulz, A.; Warth, S.; Neumann, A.; Thiel, A.; Gruetzkau, A.; Babel, N.: Age dependent differences in the kinetics of GammaDelta T cells after influenza vaccination. PLoS One. 2017. vol. 12, no. 7, e0181161. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181161}}
@misc{retzmann_a_fully_2017, 
author={Retzmann, A.,Zimmermann, T.,Proefrock, D.,Prohaska, T.,Irrgeher, J.},
title={A fully automated simultaneous single-stage separation of Sr, Pb, and Nd using DGA Resin for the isotopic analysis of marine sediments},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0468-6},
abstract = {A novel, fast and reliable sample preparation procedure for the simultaneous separation of Sr, Pb, and Nd has been developed for subsequent isotope ratio analysis of sediment digests. The method applying a fully automated, low-pressure chromatographic system separates all three analytes in a single-stage extraction step using self-packed columns filled with DGA Resin. The fully automated set-up allows the unattended processing of three isotopic systems from one sediment digest every 2 h, offering high sample throughput of up to 12 samples per day and reducing substantially laboratory manpower as compared to conventional manual methods. The developed separation method was validated using the marine sediment GBW-07313 as matrix-matched certified reference material and combines quantitative recoveries (>90% for Sr, >93% for Pb, and >91% for Nd) with low procedural blank levels following the sample separation (0.07 μg L-1 Sr, 0.03 μg L-1 Pb, and 0.57 μg L-1 Nd). The average δ values for Sr, Pb, and Nd of the separated reference standards were within the certified ranges (δ (87Sr/86Sr)NIST SRM 987 of -0.05(28) ‰, δ(208Pb/206Pb)NIST SRM 981 of -0.21(14) ‰, and δ(143Nd/144Nd)JNdi-1 of 0.00(7) ‰). The DGA Resin proved to be reusable for the separation of >10 sediment digests with no significant carry-over or memory effects, as well as no significant on-column fractionation of Sr, Pb, and Nd isotope ratios. Additional spike experiments of NIST SRM 987 with Pb, NIST SRM 981 with Sr, and JNdi-1 with Ce revealed no significant impact on the measured isotopic ratios, caused by potential small analyte peak overlaps during the separation of Sr and Pb, as well as Ce and Nd.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0468-6} (DOI). Retzmann, A.; Zimmermann, T.; Proefrock, D.; Prohaska, T.; Irrgeher, J.: A fully automated simultaneous single-stage separation of Sr, Pb, and Nd using DGA Resin for the isotopic analysis of marine sediments. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2017. vol. 409, no. 23, 5463-5480. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0468-6}}
@misc{lamby_effect_of_2017, 
author={Lamby, P.,Jung, F.,Graf, S.,Schellenberg, L.,Falter, J.,Platz-da-Silva, N.,Schreml, S.,Prantl, L.,Franke, R.P.,Jung, E.M.},
title={Effect of iodinated contrast media on renal perfusion: A randomized comparison study in pigs using quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13253-y},
abstract = {The administration of iodinated contrast media (CM) can cause microcirculatory disorder leading to acute renal dysfunction. In a prospective, randomized investigation two CM (Iodixanol vs Iopromide) were compared in 16 pigs. Each animal received 10 intra-aortal injections (5 ml Iodixanol or 4.32 ml Iopromide). Microcirculation was assessed using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) directly on the kidney surface using time-to-peak (TTP) and blood-volume-analysis. Macroscopic observations were documented. Post mortem residual CM distribution in the kidneys was detected using X-ray. TTP was significantly prolonged over the descending vasa recta of the Iopromide group. This coincided with a visible marble-like pattern on the kidney surface occurring in 30 out of 80 Iopromide-injections but in 4 out of 80 Iodixanol-injections (p = 0.007). The blood volume over the entire kidney did not change after Iodixanol-application, but decreased by about 6.1% after Iopromide-application. The regional blood volume in the renal cortex showed a tendency to decrease by about 13.5% (p = 0.094) after Iodixanol-application, and clearly decreased by about 31.7% (p = 0.022) after Iopromide-application. The study revealed a consistent influence of repeated injections of two different CM on the kidney perfusion using three different imaging methods (CEUS analysis, macroscopic observation and X-ray analysis).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13253-y} (DOI). Lamby, P.; Jung, F.; Graf, S.; Schellenberg, L.; Falter, J.; Platz-da-Silva, N.; Schreml, S.; Prantl, L.; Franke, R.; Jung, E.: Effect of iodinated contrast media on renal perfusion: A randomized comparison study in pigs using quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Scientific Reports. 2017. vol. 7, 13125. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13253-y}}
@misc{dutschke_optimisation_of_2017, 
author={Dutschke, F.,Irrgeher, J.,Proefrock, D.},
title={Optimisation of an extraction/leaching procedure for the characterisation and quantification of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in aquatic environments using SdFFF-ICP-MS and SEM-EDX analyses},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ay00635g},
abstract = {The quantitative recovery of nanoparticles from environmental samples represents a critical step during the implementation of routine analytical monitoring methods for the reliable quantitative determination of nanomaterials released into aquatic environments at the expected low concentration levels. In this work, several approaches based on different extraction agents have been evaluated with respect to their suitability for the recovery of TiO2 nanomaterials from fresh sediment samples. Centrifugal-field-flow-fractionation (SdFFF) hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) has been applied to separate the extracted nanoparticles as well as to overcome the known interference problem related to their Ti-specific detection when using ICP-based techniques. SdFFF-ICP-MS/MS method validation included in particular parameters such as particle recovery or stability of the particle size-distribution. Spike recoveries from the optimized colloidal extraction procedure of up to 95 ± 11% have been achieved. In a case study conducted from 2015 to 2016, the developed method was applied to monitor the release of nano-sized TiO2 materials into a lake environment that is frequently used for recreational activities such as swimming and surfing. The investigated sediment samples show a significant increase of the Ti concentration from 26.2 ± 2.7 mg kg−1 in June 2015 to 40.2 ± 4.6 mg kg−1 in December 2016 originating from TiO2 particles.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ay00635g} (DOI). Dutschke, F.; Irrgeher, J.; Proefrock, D.: Optimisation of an extraction/leaching procedure for the characterisation and quantification of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in aquatic environments using SdFFF-ICP-MS and SEM-EDX analyses. Analytical Methods. 2017. vol. 9, no. 24, 3626-3635. DOI: 10.1039/c7ay00635g}}
@misc{wang_functional_nanoparticles_2017, 
author={Wang, W.,Deng, Z.,Xu, X.,Li, Z.,Jung, F.,Ma, N.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Functional Nanoparticles and their Interactions with Mesenchymal Stem Cells},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170622110654},
abstract = {Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become one of the most important cell sources for regenerative medicine. However, some mechanisms of MSC-based therapy are still not fully understood. The clinical outcome may be restricted by some MSC-related obstacles such as the low survival rate, differentiation into undesired lineages and malignant transformation. In recent years, with the emergence of nanotechnology, various types of multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) have been designed, prepared and explored for bio-related applications. There is high potential of NPs in biomedical applications, attributed to the high capacity of cellular internalization in MSCs and their multiple functionalities. They can be used either as labeling agent to track MSCs for mechanism study or as gene/drug delivery carriers to regulate the cellular behavior and functions of MSCs. However, the application of NPs may be accompanied by some undesirable effects, as some NPs can induce cell death, inhibit cell proliferation or influence the differentiation of MSCs. Aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between NPs and MSCs, recent progress in the design and preparation of multifunctional NPs is summarized in this review, mechanisms of cellular internalization of the NPs are discussed, the main applications of multifunctional NPs in MSCs are highlighted and overview about cellular response of MSCs to different NPs is given. Future studies aiming on design and development of NPs with multifunctionality may open a new field of applying nanotechnology in stem cell-based therapy.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170622110654} (DOI). Wang, W.; Deng, Z.; Xu, X.; Li, Z.; Jung, F.; Ma, N.; Lendlein, A.: Functional Nanoparticles and their Interactions with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2017. vol. 23, no. 26, 3814-3832. DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170622110654}}
@misc{cox_tune_in_2017, 
author={Cox, T.,van Beusekom, J.,Soetaert, K.},
title={Tune in on 11.57 µHz and listen to primary production},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5271-2017},
abstract = {In this paper we present an elegant approach to reconstruct slowly varying gross primary production (GPP) as a function of time, based on O2 time series. The approach, called complex demodulation, is based on a direct analogy with amplitude-modulated (AM) radio signals. The O2 concentrations oscillating at the diel frequency (or 11.57 µHz) can be seen as a "carrier wave", while the time variation in the amplitude of this carrier wave is related to the time-varying GPP. The relation follows from an analysis in the frequency domain of the governing equations of O2 dynamics. After the theoretical derivation, we assess the performance of the approach by applying it to three artificial O2 time series, generated with models representative of a well-mixed vertical water column, a river and an estuary. These models are forced with hourly observed incident irradiance, resulting in a variability of GPP on scales from hours to months. The dynamic build-up of algal biomass further increases the seasonality. Complex demodulation allows for reconstruction, with great precision, of time-varying GPP of the vertical water column and the river model. Surprisingly, it is possible to derive daily averaged GPP – complex demodulation thus reconstructs the amplitude of every single diel cycle. Also, in estuaries time-varying GPP can be reconstructed to a great extent. But there, the influence of the tides prevent achieving the same temporal resolution. In particular, the combination of horizontal O2 gradients with quasi-diurnal harmonics in the tides interferes with the complex demodulation procedure and introduces spurious amplitude variation that can not be attributed to GPP. We demonstrate that these spurious effects also occur in real-world time series (Hörnum Tief, Germany). The spurious effects due to K1 and P1 quasi-diurnals can not be distinguished from GPP. However, the spurious fluctuations introduced by O1 and Q1 can be removed to a large extent by increasing the averaging time to 15 days. As such, we demonstrate that a good estimate of the running 15-day average of GPP can be obtained in tidal systems. Apart from the direct merits of estimating GPP from O2 time series, the analysis in the frequency domain enhances our insights into O2 dynamics in tidal systems in general, and into the performance of O2 methods to estimate GPP in particular.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5271-2017} (DOI). Cox, T.; van Beusekom, J.; Soetaert, K.: Tune in on 11.57 µHz and listen to primary production. Biogeosciences. 2017. vol. 14, no. 22, 5271-5280. DOI: 10.5194/bg-14-5271-2017}}
@misc{kunz_high_frequency_2017, 
author={Kunz, V.,Hensley, R.,Brase, L.,Borchardt, D.,Rode, M.},
title={High frequency measurements of reach scale nitrogen uptake in a fourth order river with contrasting hydromorphology and variable water chemistry (Weiße Elster, Germany)},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019355},
abstract = {River networks exhibit a globally important capacity to retain and process nitrogen. However direct measurement of in‐stream removal in higher order streams and rivers has been extremely limited. The recent advent of automated sensors has allowed high frequency measurements, and the development of new passive methods of quantifying nitrogen uptake which are scalable across river size. Here we extend these methods to higher order streams with anthropogenically elevated nitrogen levels, substantial tributaries, complex input signals, and multiple N species. We use a combination of two station time‐series and longitudinal profiling of nitrate to assess differences in nitrogen processing dynamics in a natural versus a channelized impounded reach with WWTP effluent impacted water chemistry. Our results suggest that net mass removal rates of nitrate were markedly higher in the unmodified reach. Additionally, seasonal variations in temperature and insolation affected the relative contribution of assimilatory versus dissimilatory uptake processes, with the latter exhibiting a stronger positive dependence on temperature. From a methodological perspective, we demonstrate that a mass balance approach based on high frequency data can be useful in deriving quantitative uptake estimates, even under dynamic inputs and lateral tributary inflow. However, uncertainty in diffuse groundwater inputs and more importantly the effects of alternative nitrogen species, in this case ammonium, pose considerable challenges to this method.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019355} (DOI). Kunz, V.; Hensley, R.; Brase, L.; Borchardt, D.; Rode, M.: High frequency measurements of reach scale nitrogen uptake in a fourth order river with contrasting hydromorphology and variable water chemistry (Weiße Elster, Germany). Water Resources Research. 2017. vol. 53, no. 1, 328-343. DOI: 10.1002/2016WR019355}}
@misc{li_spatial_distribution_2017, 
author={Li, J.,Tang, J.,Mi, W.,Tian, C.,Emeis, K.,Ebinghaus, R.,Xie, Z.},
title={Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Organophosphate Esters in Air above the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03807},
abstract = {Nine organophosphate esters (OPEs) were investigated in air samples collected over the Bohai and Yellow Seas (East Asia) during a research cruise between June 28 and July 13, 2016. These same OPEs were quantified at a research site (North Huangcheng Island, NHI) in the middle of the Bohai Strait from May 16, 2015, to March 21, 2016. The median total OPE (ΣOPE) concentration over the Bohai and Yellow Seas was 280 pg/m3. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) (TCPP) was the most abundant OPE, followed by tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TiBP), and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP). Particle-bound OPEs accounted for 51 ± 21% of the total OPEs. On NHI, the median ΣOPE concentration was 210 pg/m3, and the average particle-bound fraction was 82 ± 17%. For samples collected on NHI, significant negative linear correlations were found between the gaseous OPEs and 1/T (T: temperature (K)) (except TDCP, TPeP, and TCP). Among the 79 investigated samples, significant correlations between the measured OPE gas/particle partitioning coefficients (Kp,m) and subcooled liquid pressure (PL◦) (p < 0.05) were found for only 14 samples, suggesting that OPEs have low potential to achieve equilibrium or ascribe to the artificial sampling. The annual dry deposition input of OPEs into the Bohai and Yellow Seas is estimated to be 12 tons/year.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03807} (DOI). Li, J.; Tang, J.; Mi, W.; Tian, C.; Emeis, K.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.: Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Organophosphate Esters in Air above the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China. Environmental Science and Technology. 2017. vol. 52, no. 1, 89-97. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03807}}
@misc{neumann_fullcoverage_spatial_2017, 
author={Neumann, H.,Diekmann, R.,Emeis, K.-C.,Kleeberg, U.,Moll, A.,Kröncke, I.},
title={Full-coverage spatial distribution of epibenthic communities in the south-eastern North Sea in relation to habitat characteristics and fishing effort},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.07.010},
abstract = {Full-coverage spatial data of occurrence and a detailed description of habitat requirements of epibenthic communities are needed in many conservation and management contexts. In the North Sea the focus has so far been on small benthic infauna, whereas structure and ecosystem functions of larger epifaunal communities have been largely ignored. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of epibenthic community structure in the south-eastern North Sea, including a detailed inventory of species, diversity and spatially contiguous distribution of communities. Data from nearly 400 stations were compiled for the study, enabling us to describe epibenthic community structure at unprecedented spatial resolution. Eight distinct epibenthic communities were found in the south-eastern North Sea by using multivariate analysis. Distribution modelling with eight environmental variables (bottom temperature and salinity, temperature differences between summer and winter, mud content of sediments, maximum bottom shear stress, stratification, water depth and annual primary production) and one human pressure (fishing effort) was used to extrapolate probable spatial distributions and to identify associated habitat characteristics of the communities in the south-eastern North Sea. Three large epibenthic communities “Coast”, “Oysterground” and “Tail End” reflect a gradual habitat change from the coast towards offshore regions, expressed in gradients of bottom salinity, seasonal temperature differences and stratification as the dominant environmental factors. Five smaller communities (“Amrum Bank”, “Frisian Front”, “Deeps”, “Dogger Bank” and “Dogger Slope”) outline specific habitats in the south-eastern North Sea. The “Dogger Slope” community has not been recognized before, but has a predicted spatial extent of 7118 km2. Due to the high occurrence of long-lived, sessile species such as sponges this community is very sensitive to demersal fishing.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.07.010} (DOI). Neumann, H.; Diekmann, R.; Emeis, K.; Kleeberg, U.; Moll, A.; Kröncke, I.: Full-coverage spatial distribution of epibenthic communities in the south-eastern North Sea in relation to habitat characteristics and fishing effort. Marine Environmental Research. 2017. vol. 130, 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.07.010}}
@misc{li_organophosphate_esters_2017, 
author={Li, J.,Xie, Z.,Mi, W.,Lai, S.,Tian, C.,Emeis, K.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Organophosphate Esters in Air, Snow, and Seawater in the North Atlantic and the Arctic},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01289},
abstract = {The concentrations of eight organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been investigated in air, snow and seawater samples collected during the cruise of ARK-XXVIII/2 from sixth June to third July 2014 across the North Atlantic and the Arctic. The sum of gaseous and particle concentrations (ΣOPE) ranged from 35 to 343 pg/m3. The three chlorinated OPEs accounted for 88 ± 5% of the ΣOPE. The most abundant OPE was tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), with concentrations ranging from 30 to 227 pg/m3, followed by three major OPEs, such as tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP, 0.8 to 82 pg/m3), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP, 2 to 19 pg/m3), and tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TiBP, 0.3 to 14 pg/m3). The ΣOPE concentrations in snow and seawater ranged from 4356 to 10561 pg/L and from 348 to 8396 pg/L, respectively. The atmospheric particle-bound dry depositions of TCEP ranged from 2 to 12 ng/m2/day. The air–seawater gas exchange fluxes were dominated by net volatilization from seawater to air for TCEP (mean, 146 ± 239 ng/m2/day), TCPP (mean, 1670 ± 3031 ng/m2/day), TiBP (mean, 537 ± 581 ng/m2/day) and TnBP (mean, 230 ± 254 ng/m2/day). This study highlighted that OPEs are subject to long-range transport via both air and seawater from the European continent and seas to the North Atlantic and the Arctic.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01289} (DOI). Li, J.; Xie, Z.; Mi, W.; Lai, S.; Tian, C.; Emeis, K.; Ebinghaus, R.: Organophosphate Esters in Air, Snow, and Seawater in the North Atlantic and the Arctic. Environmental Science and Technology. 2017. vol. 51, no. 12, 6887-6896. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01289}}
@misc{yao_per_and_2017, 
author={Yao, Y.,Chang, S.,Zhao, Y.,Tang, J.,Sun, H.,Xie, Z.},
title={Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the urban, industrial, and background atmosphere of Northeastern China coast around the Bohai Sea: Occurrence, partitioning, and seasonal variation},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.023},
abstract = {Air samples were collected using high-volume samplers at two coastal towns on the Bohai Sea in China, 320 km apart, and at a background site (North Huangcheng Island) in the Bohai Sea, 50 km from the coast. A suite of neutral and ionic per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) was investigated. Urban activity was related to high levels of neutral PFASs at Tianjin while perfluorooctanoic carboxylic acid (PFOA) was dominant in the atmosphere at Weifang, possibly due to industrial sources. Polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters (diPAPs) occurred in the particle phase only, with a total concentration range of 0.02–6.72 pg m−3. The dominant homologue was 6:2 diPAP. PFASs profiles at NHI suggested direct atmospheric transport of neutral and ionic PFASs from source regions. Temperature-dependent partitioning of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) was observed in winter, when total concentrations and particle-phase fractions of FTOHs were significantly higher as compared to those in summer. Correlation analyses suggested more active gas-phase degradation of FTOHs in summer and likely heterogeneous degradation in both seasons. Overall, it is necessary to account for ionic PFASs in both gas and particle phases and particulate matter was important for atmospheric transport and for determining the fate of PFASs, especially in areas close to a source region.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.023} (DOI). Yao, Y.; Chang, S.; Zhao, Y.; Tang, J.; Sun, H.; Xie, Z.: Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the urban, industrial, and background atmosphere of Northeastern China coast around the Bohai Sea: Occurrence, partitioning, and seasonal variation. Atmospheric Environment. 2017. vol. 167, 150-158. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.023}}
@misc{song_proteins_and_2017, 
author={Song, T.,Wang, S.,Zhang, Y.,Song, J.,Liu, F.,Fu, P.,Shiraiwa, M.,Xie, Z.,Yue, D.,Zhong, L.,Zheng, J.,Lai, S.},
title={Proteins and Amino Acids in Fine Particulate Matter in Rural Guangzhou, Southern China: Seasonal Cycles, Sources, and Atmospheric Processes},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00987},
abstract = {Water-soluble proteinaceous matter including proteins and free amino acids (FAAs) as well as some other chemical components was analyzed in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples collected over a period of one year in rural Guangzhou. Annual averaged protein and total FAAs concentrations were 0.79 ± 0.47 μg m–3 and 0.13 ± 0.05 μg m–3, accounting for 1.9 ± 0.7% and 0.3 ± 0.1% of PM2.5, respectively. Among FAAs, glycine was the most abundant species (19.9%), followed by valine (18.5%), methionine (16.1%), and phenylalanine (13.5%). Both proteins and FAAs exhibited distinct seasonal variations with higher concentrations in autumn and winter than those in spring and summer. Correlation analysis suggests that aerosol proteinaceous matter was mainly derived from intensive agricultural activities, biomass burning, and fugitive dust/soil resuspension. Significant correlations between proteins/FAAs and atmospheric oxidant (O3) indicate that proteins/FAAs may be involved in O3 related atmospheric processes. Our observation confirms that ambient FAAs could be degraded from proteins under the influence of O3, and the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactions were estimated for FAAs and glycine. This finding provides a possible pathway for the production of aerosol FAAs in the atmosphere, which will improve the current understanding on atmospheric processes of proteinaceous matter.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00987} (DOI). Song, T.; Wang, S.; Zhang, Y.; Song, J.; Liu, F.; Fu, P.; Shiraiwa, M.; Xie, Z.; Yue, D.; Zhong, L.; Zheng, J.; Lai, S.: Proteins and Amino Acids in Fine Particulate Matter in Rural Guangzhou, Southern China: Seasonal Cycles, Sources, and Atmospheric Processes. Environmental Science and Technology. 2017. vol. 51, no. 12, 6773-6781. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00987}}
@misc{sprovieri_fiveyear_records_2017, 
author={Sprovieri, F.,Pirrone, N.,Bencardino, M.,D'Amore, F.,Angot, H.,Barbante, C.,Brunke, E.-G.,Arcega-Cabrera, F.,Cairns, W.,Comero, S.,Del Carmen Diéguez, M.,Dommergue, A.,Ebinghaus, R.,Bin Feng, X.,Fu, X.,Elizabeth Garcia, P.,Manfred Gawlik, B.,Hageström, U.,Hansson, K.,Horvat, M.,Kotnik, J.,Labuschagne, C.,Magand, O.,Martin, L.,Mashyanov, N.,Mkololo, T.,Munthe, J.,Obolkin, V.,Ramirez Islas, M.,Sena, F.,Somerset, V.,Spandow, P.,Vardè, M.,Walters, C.,Wängberg, I.,Weigelt, A.,Yang, X.,Zhang, H.},
title={Five-year records of mercury wet deposition flux at GMOS sites in the Northern and Southern hemispheres},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2689-2017},
abstract = {The atmospheric deposition of mercury (Hg) occurs via several mechanisms, including dry and wet scavenging by precipitation events. In an effort to understand the atmospheric cycling and seasonal depositional characteristics of Hg, wet deposition samples were collected for approximately 5 years at 17 selected GMOS monitoring sites located in the Northern and Southern hemispheres in the framework of the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project. Total mercury (THg) exhibited annual and seasonal patterns in Hg wet deposition samples. Interannual differences in total wet deposition are mostly linked with precipitation volume, with the greatest deposition flux occurring in the wettest years. This data set provides a new insight into baseline concentrations of THg concentrations in precipitation worldwide, particularly in regions such as the Southern Hemisphere and tropical areas where wet deposition as well as atmospheric Hg species were not investigated before, opening the way for future and additional simultaneous measurements across the GMOS network as well as new findings in future modeling studies.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2689-2017} (DOI). Sprovieri, F.; Pirrone, N.; Bencardino, M.; D'Amore, F.; Angot, H.; Barbante, C.; Brunke, E.; Arcega-Cabrera, F.; Cairns, W.; Comero, S.; Del Carmen Diéguez, M.; Dommergue, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Bin Feng, X.; Fu, X.; Elizabeth Garcia, P.; Manfred Gawlik, B.; Hageström, U.; Hansson, K.; Horvat, M.; Kotnik, J.; Labuschagne, C.; Magand, O.; Martin, L.; Mashyanov, N.; Mkololo, T.; Munthe, J.; Obolkin, V.; Ramirez Islas, M.; Sena, F.; Somerset, V.; Spandow, P.; Vardè, M.; Walters, C.; Wängberg, I.; Weigelt, A.; Yang, X.; Zhang, H.: Five-year records of mercury wet deposition flux at GMOS sites in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017. vol. 17, no. 4, 2689-2708. DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-2689-2017}}
@misc{martin_trend_of_2017, 
author={Martin, L.,Labuschagne, C.,Brunke, E.,Weigelt, A.,Ebinghaus, R.,Slemr, F.},
title={Trend of atmospheric mercury concentrations at Cape Point for 1995–2004 and since 2007},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2393-2017},
abstract = {Long-term measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations at Cape Point, South Africa, reveal a downward trend between September 1995 and December 2005 and an upward one from March 2007 until June 2015, implying a change in trend sign between 2004 and 2007. The trend change is qualitatively consistent with the trend changes in GEM concentrations observed at Mace Head, Ireland, and in mercury wet deposition over North America, suggesting a change in worldwide mercury emissions.,Seasonally resolved trends suggest a modulation of the overall trend by regional processes. The trends in absolute terms (downward in 1995–2004 and upward in 2007–2015) are highest in austral spring (SON), coinciding with the peak in emissions from biomass burning in South America and southern Africa. The influence of trends in biomass burning is further supported by a biennial variation in GEM concentration found here and an El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signature in GEM concentrations reported recently.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2393-2017} (DOI). Martin, L.; Labuschagne, C.; Brunke, E.; Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Slemr, F.: Trend of atmospheric mercury concentrations at Cape Point for 1995–2004 and since 2007. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017. vol. 17, no. 3, 2393-2399. DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-2393-2017}}
@misc{braune_adhesion_and_2016, 
author={Braune, S.,Gross, M.,Walter, M.,Zhou, S.,Dietze, S.,Rutschow, S.,Lendlein, A.,Tschoepe, C.,Jung, F.},
title={Adhesion and activation of platelets from subjects with coronary artery disease and apparently healthy individuals on biomaterials},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.33366},
abstract = {On the basis of the clinical studies in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) presenting an increased percentage of activated platelets, we hypothesized that hemocompatibility testing utilizing platelets from healthy individuals may result in an underestimation of the materials' thrombogenicity. Therefore, we investigated the interaction of polymer-based biomaterials with platelets from CAD patients in comparison to platelets from apparently healthy individuals. In vitro static thrombogenicity tests revealed that adherent platelet densities and total platelet covered areas were significantly increased for the low (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) and medium (Collagen) thrombogenic surfaces in the CAD group compared to the healthy subjects group. The area per single platelet—indicating the spreading and activation of the platelets—was markedly increased on PDMS treated with PRP from CAD subjects. This could not be observed for collagen or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). For the latter material, platelet adhesion and surface coverage did not differ between the two groups. Irrespective of the substrate, the variability of these parameters was increased for CAD patients compared to healthy subjects. This indicates a higher reactivity of platelets from CAD patients compared to the healthy individuals. Our results revealed, for the first time, that utilizing platelets from apparently healthy donors bears the risk of underestimating the thrombogenicity of polymer-based biomaterials.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.33366} (DOI). Braune, S.; Gross, M.; Walter, M.; Zhou, S.; Dietze, S.; Rutschow, S.; Lendlein, A.; Tschoepe, C.; Jung, F.: Adhesion and activation of platelets from subjects with coronary artery disease and apparently healthy individuals on biomaterials. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research  B. 2016. vol. 104, no. 1, 210-217. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33366}}
@misc{suehring_distribution_of_2016, 
author={Suehring, R.,Busch, F.,Fricke, N.,Koetke, D.,Wolschke, H.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Distribution of brominated flame retardants and dechloranes between sediments and benthic fish — A comparison of a freshwater and marine habitat},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.085},
abstract = {A total of 53 halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) were analysed in sediments, European eels and dabs from both freshwater and marine sampling stations in the German Bight and the river Elbe.,Classic HFRs, such as polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), were the highest concentrated HFRs in eels as well as in most dabs (apart from 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane (TBCO)). In sediments, on the other hand, alternate BFRs and especially dechloranes dominated the contamination pattern. Dabs were still found to be statistically representative for the contamination patterns and relative magnitude in sediments from their respective habitats. Contamination patterns in eels seemed to be more driven by the contamination situation in the food chain or historical contamination of their habitat.,Unsuspectedly the alternate flame retardant TBCO was found in comparably high concentrations (up to 12 ng g− 1 ww) in dabs from two sampling stations as well as in sediments from these stations (up to 1.2 ng g− 1 dw). It could not be detected in any other analysed fish or sediment samples, indicating a localised contamination source in the area.,This study provides information on HFR contamination patterns and behaviour in both marine and freshwater sediments and their potential role as contamination source for benthic fish.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.085} (DOI). Suehring, R.; Busch, F.; Fricke, N.; Koetke, D.; Wolschke, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Distribution of brominated flame retardants and dechloranes between sediments and benthic fish — A comparison of a freshwater and marine habitat. Science of the Total Environment. 2016. vol. 542, 578-585. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.085}}
@misc{jung_thrombogenicity_and_2016, 
author={Jung, F.,Braune, S.},
title={Thrombogenicity and hemocompatibility of biomaterials},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4938557},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4938557} (DOI). Jung, F.; Braune, S.: Thrombogenicity and hemocompatibility of biomaterials. Biointerphases. 2016. vol. 11, no. 2, 029601. DOI: 10.1116/1.4938557}}
@misc{daehnke_isotope_fractionation_2016, 
author={Daehnke, K.,Thamdrup, B.},
title={Isotope fractionation and isotope decoupling during anammox and denitrification in marine sediments},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10237},
abstract = {To evaluate the relation of isotope fractionation during sedimentary nitrate reduction with sediment reactivity, we measured nitrate and nitrite reduction rates and corresponding isotope changes in marine sediments in the Skagerrak. Our sampling sites encompassed a gradient of reactivity, oxygen consumption, and manganese concentration. Anammox was the main N2-production pathway at the deepest site. For this site, we calculated the intrinsic isotope effect of nitrite consumption by anammox in marine sediments, and found that it is ∼ −20‰, in accordance with culture studies. Denitrification was dominant at shallower sites, which confirms previous studies from whole core incubations. The N-isotope effect of denitrification, 15ε, ranged from −12‰ to −16‰. Oxygen isotopes of nitrate were more variable, and the ratio of 18ε/15ε, was highly variable in all sediments we investigated. At all stations, the oxygen isotope effect was (partly or entirely) decoupled from the nitrogen isotope effect. In denitrification-dominated sediments, this decoupling of oxygen and nitrogen isotopes appeared to be driven by nitrite reoxidation in anoxic sediment incubations, either due to enzymatic reversibility of the respiratory nitrate reductase Nar, or to reversibility on the community level. In anammox-dominated sediments, this effect was also evident in N-isotope changes, likely due to net nitrate production and isotope exchange that is promoted by anammox. These findings suggest that the ratio of 18ε/15ε in marine environments is more flexible than previously assumed, because enzymatic or community-driven isotope exchange can alter both N and O isotopes, deviating from standard Rayleigh-type fractionation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10237} (DOI). Daehnke, K.; Thamdrup, B.: Isotope fractionation and isotope decoupling during anammox and denitrification in marine sediments. Limnology and Oceanography. 2016. vol. 61, no. 2, 610-624. DOI: 10.1002/lno.10237}}
@misc{aulinger_the_impact_2016, 
author={Aulinger, A.,Matthias, V.,Zeretzke, M.,Bieser, J.,Quante, M.,Backes, A.},
title={The impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the greater North Sea region – Part 1: Current emissions and concentrations},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-739-2016},
abstract = {The North Sea is one of the areas with the highest ship traffic densities worldwide. At any time, about 3000 ships are sailing its waterways. Previous scientific publications have shown that ships contribute significantly to atmospheric concentrations of NOx, particulate matter and ozone. Especially in the case of particulate matter and ozone, this influence can even be seen in regions far away from the main shipping routes. In order to quantify the effects of North Sea shipping on air quality in its bordering states, it is essential to determine the emissions from shipping as accurately as possible. Within Interreg IVb project Clean North Sea Shipping (CNSS), a bottom-up approach was developed and used to thoroughly compile such an emission inventory for 2011 that served as the base year for the current emission situation. The innovative aspect of this approach was to use load-dependent functions to calculate emissions from the ships' current activities instead of averaged emission factors for the entire range of the engine loads. These functions were applied to ship activities that were derived from hourly records of Automatic Identification System signals together with a database containing the engine characteristics of the vessels that traveled the North Sea in 2011. The emission model yielded ship emissions among others of NOx and SO2 at high temporal and spatial resolution that were subsequently used in a chemistry transport model in order to simulate the impact of the emissions on pollutant concentration levels. The total emissions of nitrogen reached 540 Gg and those of sulfur oxides 123 Gg within the North Sea – including the adjacent western part of the Baltic Sea until 5° W. This was about twice as much of those of a medium-sized industrialized European state like the Netherlands. The relative contribution of ships to, for example, NO2 concentration levels ashore close to the sea can reach up to 25 % in summer and 15 % in winter. Some hundred kilometers away from the sea, the contribution was about 6 % in summer and 4 % in winter. The relative contribution of the secondary pollutant NO3− was found to reach 20 % in summer and 6 % in winter even far from the shore.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-739-2016} (DOI). Aulinger, A.; Matthias, V.; Zeretzke, M.; Bieser, J.; Quante, M.; Backes, A.: The impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the greater North Sea region – Part 1: Current emissions and concentrations. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. vol. 16, no. 2, 739-758. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-739-2016}}
@misc{matthias_the_impact_2016, 
author={Matthias, V.,Aulinger, A.,Backes, A.,Bieser, J.,Geyer, B.,Quante, M.,Zeretzke, M.},
title={The impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the greater North Sea region – Part 2: Scenarios for 2030},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-759-2016},
abstract = {Scenarios for future shipping emissions in the North Sea have been developed in the framework of the Clean North Sea Shipping project. The effects of changing NOx and SO2 emissions were investigated with the CMAQ chemistry transport model for the year 2030 in the North Sea area. It has been found that, compared to today, the contribution of shipping to the NO2 and O3 concentrations will increase due to the expected enhanced traffic by more than 20 and 5 %, respectively, by 2030 if no regulation for further emission reductions is implemented in the North Sea area. PM2.5 will decrease slightly because the sulfur contents in ship fuels will be reduced as international regulations foresee. The effects differ largely between regions, seasons and date of the implementation of stricter regulations for NOx emissions from newly built ships.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-759-2016} (DOI). Matthias, V.; Aulinger, A.; Backes, A.; Bieser, J.; Geyer, B.; Quante, M.; Zeretzke, M.: The impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the greater North Sea region – Part 2: Scenarios for 2030. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. vol. 16, no. 2, 759-776. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-759-2016}}
@misc{backes_ammonia_emissions_2016, 
author={Backes, A.,Aulinger, A.,Bieser, J.,Matthias, V.,Quante, M.},
title={Ammonia emissions in Europe, Part I: Development of a dynamical ammonia emission inventory},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.01.041},
abstract = {Nitrogen input from agricultural ammonia emissions into the environment causes numerous environmental and health problems. The purpose of this study is to present and evaluate an improved ammonia emission inventory based on a dynamical temporal parameterization suitable to compare and assess ammonia abatement strategies. The setup of the dynamical time profile (DTP) consists of individual temporal profiles for ammonia emissions, calculated for each model grid cell, depending on temperature, crop type, fertilizer and manure application, as well as on local legislation. It is based on the method of Skjøth et al., 2004 and Gyldenkærne et al., 2005. The method has been modified to cover the study area and to improve the performance of the emission model. To compare the results of the dynamical approach with the results of the static time profile (STP) the ammonia emission parameterizations have been implemented in the SMOKE for Europe emission model. Furthermore, the influence on secondary aerosol formation in the North Sea region and possible changes triggered through the use of a modified temporal distribution of ammonia emissions were analysed with the CMAQ chemistry transport model. The results were evaluated with observations of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP). The correlation coefficient of NH3 improved significantly for 12 out of 16 EMEP measurement stations and an improvement in predicting the Normalized Mean Error can be seen for particulate NH4+ and NO3-. The prediction of the 95th percentile of the daily average concentrations has improved for NH3, NH4+ and NO3-. The NH3 concentration modelled with the STP is 157% higher in winter, and about 22% lower in early summer than the one modelled with the new DTP. Consequently, the influence of the DTP on the formation of secondary aerosols is particularly noticeable in winter, when the PM2.5 concentration is 25% lower in comparison to the use of STP for temporal disaggregation. Besides, the formation of particulate SO42- is not influenced by the use of the DTP.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.01.041} (DOI). Backes, A.; Aulinger, A.; Bieser, J.; Matthias, V.; Quante, M.: Ammonia emissions in Europe, Part I: Development of a dynamical ammonia emission inventory. Atmospheric Environment. 2016. vol. 131, 55-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.01.041}}
@misc{backes_ammonia_emissions_2016, 
author={Backes, A.M.,Aulinger, A.,Bieser, J.,Matthias, V.,Quante, M.},
title={Ammonia emissions in Europe, part II: How ammonia emission abatement strategies affect secondary aerosols},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.039},
abstract = {In central Europe, ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate make up a large fraction of fine particles which pose a threat to human health. Most studies on air pollution through particulate matter investigate the influence of emission reductions of sulphur- and nitrogen oxides on aerosol concentration. Here, we focus on the influence of ammonia (NH3) emissions. Emission scenarios have been created on the basis of the improved ammonia emission parameterization implemented in the SMOKE for Europe and CMAQ model systems described in part I of this study. This includes emissions based on future European legislation (the National Emission Ceilings) as well as a dynamic evaluation of the influence of different agricultural sectors (e.g. animal husbandry) on particle formation. The study compares the concentrations of NH3, View the MathML sourceNH4+, NO3 -, sulphur compounds and the total concentration of particles in winter and summer for a political-, technical- and behavioural scenario. It was found that a reduction of ammonia emissions by 50% lead to a 24% reduction of the total PM2.5 concentrations in northwest Europe. The observed reduction was mainly driven by reduced formation of ammonium nitrate. Moreover, emission reductions during winter had a larger impact than during the rest of the year. This leads to the conclusion that a reduction of the ammonia emissions from the agricultural sector related to animal husbandry could be more efficient than the reduction from other sectors due to its larger share in winter ammonia emissions.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.039} (DOI). Backes, A.; Aulinger, A.; Bieser, J.; Matthias, V.; Quante, M.: Ammonia emissions in Europe, part II: How ammonia emission abatement strategies affect secondary aerosols. Atmospheric Environment. 2016. vol. 126, 153-161. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.039}}
@misc{freese_a_question_2016, 
author={Freese, M.,Suehring, R.,Pohlmann, J.-D.,Wolschke, H.,Magath, V.,Ebinghaus, R.,Hanel, R.},
title={A question of origin: dioxin-like PCBs and their relevance in stock management of European eels},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-015-1565-y},
abstract = {The stock of European Eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) has reached an all-time low in 2011. Spawner quality of mature eels in terms of health status and fitness is considered one of the key elements for successful migration and reproduction. Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (dl-PCBs) are known persistent organic pollutants potentially affecting the reproductive capability and health status of eels throughout their entire lifetime. In this study, muscle tissue samples of 192 European eels of all continental life stages from 6 different water bodies and 13 sampling sites were analyzed for contamination with lipophilic dl-PCBs to investigate the potential relevance of the respective habitat in light of eel stock management. Results of this study reveal habitat-dependent and life history stage-related accumulation of targeted PCBs. Sum concentrations of targeted PCBs differed significantly between life stages and inter-habitat variability in dl-PCB levels and -profiles was observed. Among all investigated life stages, migrant silver eels were found to be the most suitable life history stage to represent their particular water system due to habitat dwell-time and their terminal contamination status. With reference to a possible negative impact of dl-PCBs on health and the reproductive capability of eels, it was hypothesized that those growing up in less polluted habitats have a better chance to produce healthy offspring than those growing up in highly polluted habitats. We suggest that the contamination status of water systems is fundamental for the life cycle of eels and needs to be considered in stock management and restocking programs.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-015-1565-y} (DOI). Freese, M.; Suehring, R.; Pohlmann, J.; Wolschke, H.; Magath, V.; Ebinghaus, R.; Hanel, R.: A question of origin: dioxin-like PCBs and their relevance in stock management of European eels. Ecotoxicology. 2016. vol. 25, no. 1, 41-55. DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1565-y}}
@misc{booij_passive_sampling_2016, 
author={Booij, K.,Robinson, C.D.,Burgess, R.M.,Mayer, P.,Roberts, C.A.,Ahrens, L.,Allan, I.J.,Brant, J.,Jones, L.,Kraus, U.R.,Larsen, M.M.,Lepom, P.,Petersen, J.,Proefrock, D.,Roose, P.,Schaefer, S.,Smedes, F.,Tixier, C.,Vorkamp, K.,Whitehouse, P.},
title={Passive Sampling in Regulatory Chemical Monitoring of Nonpolar Organic Compounds in the Aquatic Environment},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b04050},
abstract = {We reviewed compliance monitoring requirements in the European Union, the United States, and the Oslo-Paris Convention for the protection of the marine environment of the North-East Atlantic, and evaluated if these are met by passive sampling methods for nonpolar compounds. The strengths and shortcomings of passive sampling are assessed for water, sediments, and biota. Passive water sampling is a suitable technique for measuring concentrations of freely dissolved compounds. This method yields results that are incompatible with the EU’s quality standard definition in terms of total concentrations in water, but this definition has little scientific basis. Insufficient quality control is a present weakness of passive sampling in water. Laboratory performance studies and the development of standardized methods are needed to improve data quality and to encourage the use of passive sampling by commercial laboratories and monitoring agencies. Successful prediction of bioaccumulation based on passive sampling is well documented for organisms at the lower trophic levels, but requires more research for higher levels. Despite the existence of several knowledge gaps, passive sampling presently is the best available technology for chemical monitoring of nonpolar organic compounds. Key issues to be addressed by scientists and environmental managers are outlined.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b04050} (DOI). Booij, K.; Robinson, C.; Burgess, R.; Mayer, P.; Roberts, C.; Ahrens, L.; Allan, I.; Brant, J.; Jones, L.; Kraus, U.; Larsen, M.; Lepom, P.; Petersen, J.; Proefrock, D.; Roose, P.; Schaefer, S.; Smedes, F.; Tixier, C.; Vorkamp, K.; Whitehouse, P.: Passive Sampling in Regulatory Chemical Monitoring of Nonpolar Organic Compounds in the Aquatic Environment. Environmental Science and Technology. 2016. vol. 50, no. 1, 3-17. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04050}}
@misc{braune_effect_of_2016, 
author={Braune, S.,Froehlich, G.M.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Effect of temperature on platelet adherence},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-152028},
abstract = {BACKGROUND:,Thrombogenicity is one of the main parameters tested in vitro to evaluate the hemocompatibility of artificial surfaces. While the influence of the temperature on platelet aggregation has been addressed by several studies, the temperature influence on the adherence of platelets to body foreign surfaces as an important aspect of biomedical device handling has not yet been explored. Therefore, we analyzed the influence of two typically applied incubation-temperatures (22°C and 37°C) on the adhesion of platelets to biomaterials.,MATERIAL AND METHODS:,Thrombogenicity of three different polymers - medical grade poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) - were studied in an in vitro static test. Platelet adhesion was studied with stringently characterized blood from apparently healthy subjects. Collection of whole blood and preparation of platelet rich plasma (PRP) was carried out at room temperature (22°C). PRP was incubated with the polymers either at 22°C or 37°C. Surface adherent platelets were fixed, fluorescently labelled and assessed by an image-based approach.,RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:,Differences in the density of adherent platelets after incubation at 22°C and 37°C occurred on PDMS and PET. Similar levels of adherent platelets were observed on the very thrombogenic PTFE. The covered surface areas per single platelet were analyzed to measure the state of platelet activation and revealed no differences between the two incubation temperatures for any of the analyzed polymers. Irrespective of the observed differences between the low and medium thrombogenic PDMS and PET and the higher variability at 22°C, the thrombogenicity of the three investigated polymers was evaluated being comparable at both incubation temperatures.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-152028} (DOI). Braune, S.; Froehlich, G.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Effect of temperature on platelet adherence. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2016. vol. 61, no. 4, 681-688. DOI: 10.3233/CH-152028}}
@misc{chen_quantitative_determination_2016, 
author={Chen, W.-L.,Xie, Z.,Wolschke, H.,Gandrass, J.,Koetke, D.,Winkelmann, M.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Quantitative determination of ultra-trace carbazoles in sediments in the coastal environment},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.051},
abstract = {Carbazole and some of its derivatives may possess dioxin-like toxicity and could be persistent in the environment, but information on their distribution and environmental fate is limited. This study developed and validated an ultra-trace targeted-analysis method for the determination of carbazole, 1,2-benzocarbazole, and 13 halogenated carbazoles in sediments from the river, coast, and North Sea. An 8-g sediment sample was extracted using accelerated solvent extraction combined with in-cell cleanup and analyzed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was sensitive and reliable with method detection limits ranging from 4.54 to 52.9 pg/g, and most of the quantification biases and relative standard deviations were <20 and <15%, respectively. Carbazole and 1,2-benzocarbazole were the predominant substances in the sediments (median 565 and 369 pg/g, respectively) followed by 3,6-dichlorocarbazole (median 196 pg/g). The detection frequencies of carbazole, benzo-, 3-chloro-, and 3,6-dichlorocarbazole were >75%, while those of 3,6-dibromo-, 1-bromo-3,6-dichloro-, and 1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichlorocarbazole were approximately 50%. Brominated carbazoles occurred more frequently in marine than river-influenced sediments, which could indicate halogenation after discharge into the river. This is the first study regarding these substances in coastal environments without apparent contamination history. The ubiquity and bioaccumulative potential of these substances needs to be considered.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.051} (DOI). Chen, W.; Xie, Z.; Wolschke, H.; Gandrass, J.; Koetke, D.; Winkelmann, M.; Ebinghaus, R.: Quantitative determination of ultra-trace carbazoles in sediments in the coastal environment. Chemosphere. 2016. vol. 150, 586-595. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.051}}
@misc{neumann_sensitivity_of_2016, 
author={Neumann, D.,Matthias, V.,Bieser, J.,Aulinger, A.,Quante, M.},
title={Sensitivity of modeled atmospheric nitrogen species and nitrogen deposition to variations in sea salt emissions in the North Sea and Baltic Sea regions},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2921-2016},
abstract = {Coarse sea salt particles are emitted ubiquitously from the ocean surface by wave-breaking and bubble-bursting processes. These particles impact the atmospheric chemistry by affecting the condensation of gas-phase species and, thus, indirectly the nucleation of new fine particles, particularly in regions with significant air pollution. In this study, atmospheric particle concentrations are modeled for the North Sea and Baltic Sea regions in northwestern Europe using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system and are compared to European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) measurement data. The sea salt emission module is extended by a salinity-dependent scaling of the sea salt emissions because the salinity in large parts of the Baltic Sea is very low, which leads to considerably lower sea salt mass emissions compared to other oceanic regions. The resulting improvement in predicted sea salt concentrations is assessed. The contribution of surf zone emissions is considered separately. Additionally, the impacts of sea salt particles on atmospheric nitrate and ammonium concentrations and on nitrogen deposition are evaluated.,The comparisons with observational data show that sea salt concentrations are commonly overestimated at coastal stations and partly underestimated farther inland. The introduced salinity scaling improves the predicted Baltic Sea sea salt concentrations considerably. The dates of measured peak concentrations are appropriately reproduced by the model. The impact of surf zone emissions is negligible in both seas. Nevertheless, they might be relevant because surf zone emissions were cut at an upper threshold in this study. Deactivating sea salt leads to minor increases in NH3 +  NH4+ and HNO3 +  NO3− and a decrease in NO3− concentrations. However, the overall effect on NH3 +  NH4+ and HNO3 +  NO3− concentrations is smaller than the deviation from the measurements. Nitrogen wet deposition is underestimated by the model at most stations. In coastal regions, the total nitrogen deposition (wet and dry) is considerably affected by sea salt particles. Approximately 3–7 % of atmospheric nitrogen deposition into the North Sea is caused by sea salt particles. The contribution is lower in the Baltic Sea region.,The stations in the EMEP network provide a solid basis for model evaluation and validation. However, for a more detailed analysis of the impact of sea salt particles on atmospheric nitrogen species, size-resolved measurements of Na+, NH4+, and NO3− are needed.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2921-2016} (DOI). Neumann, D.; Matthias, V.; Bieser, J.; Aulinger, A.; Quante, M.: Sensitivity of modeled atmospheric nitrogen species and nitrogen deposition to variations in sea salt emissions in the North Sea and Baltic Sea regions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. vol. 16, no. 5, 2921-2942. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-2921-2016}}
@misc{lucas_shortterm_dynamics_2016, 
author={Lucas, J.,Koester, I.,Wichels, A.,Niggemann, J.,Dittmer, T.,Callies, U.,Wiltshire, K.H.,Gerdts, G.},
title={Short-Term Dynamics of North Sea Bacterioplankton-Dissolved Organic Matter Coherence on Molecular Level},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00321},
abstract = {Remineralization and transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by marine microbes shape the DOM composition and thus, have large impact on global carbon and nutrient cycling. However, information on bacterioplankton-DOM interactions on a molecular level is limited. We examined the variation of bacterial community composition (BCC) at Helgoland Roads (North Sea) in relation to variation of molecular DOM composition and various environmental parameters on short-time scales. Surface water samples were taken daily over a period of 20 days. Bacterial community and molecular DOM composition were assessed via 16S rRNA gene tag sequencing and ultrahigh resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), respectively. Environmental conditions were driven by a coastal water influx during the first half of the sampling period and the onset of a summer phytoplankton bloom toward the end of the sampling period. These phenomena led to a distinct grouping of bacterial communities and DOM composition which was particularly influenced by total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) concentration, temperature, and salinity, as revealed by distance-based linear regression analyses. Bacterioplankton-DOM interaction was demonstrated in strong correlations between specific bacterial taxa and particular DOM molecules, thus, suggesting potential specialization on particular substrates. We propose that a combination of high resolution techniques, as used in this study, may provide substantial information on substrate generalists and specialists and thus, contribute to prediction of BCC variation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00321} (DOI). Lucas, J.; Koester, I.; Wichels, A.; Niggemann, J.; Dittmer, T.; Callies, U.; Wiltshire, K.; Gerdts, G.: Short-Term Dynamics of North Sea Bacterioplankton-Dissolved Organic Matter Coherence on Molecular Level. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2016. vol. 7, 321. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00321}}
@misc{meija_atomic_weights_2016, 
author={Meija, J.,Coplen, T.B.,Berglund, M.,Brand, W.A.,De Bieve, P.,Gröning, M.,Holden, N.E.,Irrgeher, J.,Loss, R.D.,Walczyk, T.,Prohaska, T.},
title={Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0305},
abstract = {The biennial review of atomic-weight determinations and other cognate data has resulted in changes for the standard atomic weights of 19 elements. The standard atomic weights of four elements have been revised based on recent determinations of isotopic abundances in natural terrestrial materials:,cadmium to 112.414(4) from 112.411(8),,molybdenum to 95.95(1) from 95.96(2),,selenium to 78.971(8) from 78.96(3), and,thorium to 232.0377(4) from 232.038 06(2).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0305} (DOI). Meija, J.; Coplen, T.; Berglund, M.; Brand, W.; De Bieve, P.; Gröning, M.; Holden, N.; Irrgeher, J.; Loss, R.; Walczyk, T.; Prohaska, T.: Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016. vol. 88, no. 3, 265-291. DOI: 10.1515/pac-2015-0305}}
@misc{meija_isotopic_compositions_2016, 
author={Meija, J.,Coplen, T.B.,Berglund, M.,Brand, W.A.,De Bieve, P.,Gröning, M.,Holden, N.E.,Irrgeher, J.,Loss, R.D.,Walczyk, T.,Prohaska, T.},
title={Isotopic compositions of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0503},
abstract = {The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (ciaaw.org) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (iupac.org) has revised the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements (TICE). The update involved a critical evaluation of the recent published literature. The new TICE 2013 includes evaluated data from the “best measurement” of the isotopic abundances in a single sample, along with a set of representative isotopic abundances and uncertainties that accommodate known variations in normal terrestrial materials.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0503} (DOI). Meija, J.; Coplen, T.; Berglund, M.; Brand, W.; De Bieve, P.; Gröning, M.; Holden, N.; Irrgeher, J.; Loss, R.; Walczyk, T.; Prohaska, T.: Isotopic compositions of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016. vol. 88, no. 3, 293-306. DOI: 10.1515/pac-2015-0503}}
@misc{karl_modelling_and_2016, 
author={Karl, M.,Kukkonen, J.,Keuken, M.P.,Luetzenkirchen, S.,Pirjola, L.,Hussein, T.},
title={Modelling and measurements of urban aerosol processes on the neighborhood scale in Rotterdam, Oslo and Helsinki},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4817-2016},
abstract = {This study evaluates the influence of aerosol processes on the particle number (PN) concentrations in three,major European cities on the temporal scale of 1 h, i.e., on the,neighborhood and city scales. We have used selected measured data of particle size distributions from previous campaigns  in  the  cities  of  Helsinki,  Oslo  and  Rotterdam.  The,aerosol  transformation  processes  were  evaluated  using  the aerosol dynamics model MAFOR, combined with a simplified treatment of roadside and urban atmospheric dispersion. We have compared the model predictions of particle number,size distributions with the measured data, and conducted sensitivity analyses regarding the influence of various model input variables. We also present a simplified parameterization for aerosol processes, which is based on the more complex aerosol process computations; this simple model can easily be  implemented  to  both  Gaussian  and  Eulerian  urban  dis-,persion models. Aerosol processes considered in this study were  (i)  the  coagulation  of  particles,  (ii)  the  condensation and evaporation of two organic vapors, and (iii) dry deposi-,tion. The chemical transformation of gas-phase compounds was not taken into account. By choosing concentrations and particle size distributions at roadside as starting point of the computations, nucleation of gas-phase vapors from the exhaust  has  been  regarded  as  post  tail-pipe  emission,  avoid-,ing  the  need  to  include  nucleation  in  the  process  analysis.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4817-2016} (DOI). Karl, M.; Kukkonen, J.; Keuken, M.; Luetzenkirchen, S.; Pirjola, L.; Hussein, T.: Modelling and measurements of urban aerosol processes on the neighborhood scale in Rotterdam, Oslo and Helsinki. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. vol. 16, no. 8, 4817-4835. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-4817-2016}}
@misc{sotoalvaredo_initial_results_2016, 
author={Soto-Alvaredo, J.,Dutschke, F.,Bettmer, J.,Montes-Bayon, M.,Proefrock, D.,Prange, A.},
title={Initial results on the coupling of sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF) to inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) for the detection and characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/C6JA00079G},
abstract = {Manufactured TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are nowadays widely present in products accessible to the mass market like paints, cosmetics or sunscreens. Despite the great increase in the use of these nanoparticles, up to now their potential effects to the environment and biological systems have not been sufficiently studied. Reliable analytical methods are therefore required for a better characterization of these emerging materials. We suggest the hyphenation of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), with a separation technique like sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF) to obtain information related to size and state of agglomeration of the investigated nanoparticles. In this work, initial experiments related to the on-line coupling of SdFFF with inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) have been conducted allowing the detection and separation of TiO2 NPs. The application of the ICP-MS/MS technology using the NH3 mass shift mode allowed the removal of the different molecular and isobaric interferences that complicate the reliable detection and quantification of Ti. Under optimised conditions, the achievable instrumental detection limits in matrix solutions were below 10 ng·L-1of Ti. The separation parameters of the SdFFF system were optimized using two commercially available model TiO2 NPs (nominal sizes: 21 and 50 nm). These materials were characterised concerning hydrodynamic sizes and state of aggregation using also a multiangle light scattering analysis detector (MALS). Transmission electron microscopy technique (TEM) was also applied to confirm the sizes and the shapes of the TiO2 NPs as well as the presence of aggregates. To demonstrate the applicability of the combination of SdFFF and ICP-MS/MS for the detection of TiO2 NPs at trace levels as well as to gain information about their hydrodynamic size and agglomeration state, the optimized method has been applied to the analysis of real water samples from a local lake in Germany.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/C6JA00079G} (DOI). Soto-Alvaredo, J.; Dutschke, F.; Bettmer, J.; Montes-Bayon, M.; Proefrock, D.; Prange, A.: Initial results on the coupling of sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF) to inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) for the detection and characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 2016. vol. 31, no. 7, 1549-1555. DOI: 10.1039/C6JA00079G}}
@misc{brunke_mercury_in_2016, 
author={Brunke, E.-G.,Walters, C.,Mkololo, T.,Martin, L.,Labuschagne, C.,Silwana, B.,Slemr, F.,Weigelt, A.,Ebinghaus, R.,Somerset, V.},
title={Mercury in the atmosphere and in rainwater at Cape Point, South Africa},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.059},
abstract = {Mercury measurements were concurrently made in air (Gaseous Elemental Mercury, i.e. GEM) as well as in precipitation samples (Total mercury, i.e. TotHg) over a seven year period (2007–2013) at Cape Point, South Africa, during the rainy seasons (May–October). Eighty-five rain events, almost exclusively associated with cold fronts, have been identified of which 75% reached the Cape Point observatory directly across the Atlantic Ocean from the south, while 19% moved in to the measuring site via the Cape Town metropolitan region. In statistic terms the GEM, TotHg, CO and 222Rn levels within the urban-marine events do not differ from those seen in the marine rain episodes. Over the 2007–2013 period, the May till Oct averages for GEM ranged from 0.913 ng m−3 to 1.108 ng m−3, while TotHg concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 52.5 ng L−1 (overall average: 9.91 ng L−1). A positive correlation (R2 = 0.49, n = 7) has been found between the average annual (May till October) GEM concentrations in air and TotHg concentration in rainwater suggesting a close relationship between the two species. The wetter years are normally associated with higher GEM and TotHg levels. Both GEM and TotHg annual means correlate positively with total annual (May till October) rain depths. If one or two outlier years are removed from the data set, the R2 values increase from 0.23 to 0.10 for GEM and TotHg to 0.97 (n = 5) and 0.89 (n = 5), respectively. The relationship between annual mean GEM and annual precipitation depth also holds for the period 1996–2004 (R2 = 0.6, n = 8) when GEM was measured manually (low resolution data). A positive correlation was also seen between annual average GEM concentrations and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Index (SOI), for the 1996–2004 period (R2 = 0.7, n = 8). For the 2007–2013 periods this relationship was also positive but less pronounced. The relationship between annual precipitation depth and annual SOI suggests that the inter-annual variations of GEM (Hg0) concentration might be caused by large-scale meteorological processes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.059} (DOI). Brunke, E.; Walters, C.; Mkololo, T.; Martin, L.; Labuschagne, C.; Silwana, B.; Slemr, F.; Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Somerset, V.: Mercury in the atmosphere and in rainwater at Cape Point, South Africa. Atmospheric Environment. 2016. vol. 125, 24-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.059}}
@misc{slemr_el_ninosouthern_2016, 
author={Slemr, F.,Brenninkmeijer, C.A.,Rauthe-Schoech, A.,Weigelt, A.,Ebinghaus, R.,Brunke, E.-G.,Martin, L.,Spain, T.G.,O´Doherty, S.},
title={El Nino–Southern Oscillation influence on tropospheric mercury concentrations},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067949},
abstract = {The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects the tropospheric concentrations of many trace gases. Here we investigate the ENSO influence on mercury concentrations measured in the upper troposphere during Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrumented Container flights and at ground at Cape Point, South Africa, and Mace Head, Ireland. Mercury concentrations cross-correlate with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) with a lag of 8 ± 2 months. Highest mercury concentrations are always found at the most negative SOI values, i.e., 8 months after El Niño, and the amplitude of the interannual variations fluctuates between ~5 and 18%. The time lag is similar to that of CO whose interannual variations are driven largely by emissions from biomass burning (BB). The amplitude of the interannual variability of tropospheric mercury concentrations is consistent with the estimated variations in mercury emissions from BB. We thus conclude that BB is a major factor driving the interannual variation of tropospheric mercury concentrations.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067949} (DOI). Slemr, F.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Rauthe-Schoech, A.; Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Brunke, E.; Martin, L.; Spain, T.; O´Doherty, S.: El Nino–Southern Oscillation influence on tropospheric mercury concentrations. Geophysical Research Letters. 2016. vol. 43, no. 4, 1766-1771. DOI: 10.1002/2016GL067949}}
@misc{weigelt_tropospheric_mercury_2016, 
author={Weigelt, A.,Ebinghaus, R.,Pirrone, N.,Bieser, J.,Boedewadt, J.,Esposito, G.,Slemr, F.,Velthoven, P.F.J.van,Zahn, A.,Ziereis, H.},
title={Tropospheric mercury vertical profiles between 500 and 10 000 m in central Europe},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4135-2016},
abstract = {The knowledge of the vertical distribution of atmospheric mercury (Hg) plays an important role in determining the transport and cycling of mercury. However, measurements of the vertical distribution are rare, because airborne measurements are expensive and labour intensive. Consequently, only a few vertical Hg profile measurements have been reported since the 1970s. Besides the Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) observations, the latest vertical profile over Europe was measured in 1996. Within the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project, four vertical profiles were taken on board research aircraft (CASA-212) in August 2013 in background air over different locations in Slovenia and Germany. Each vertical profile consists of at least seven 5 min horizontal flight sections from 500 m above ground to 3000 m a.s.l. Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and total gaseous mercury (TGM) were measured with Tekran 2537X and Tekran 2537B analysers. In addition to the mercury measurements, SO2, CO, O3, NO, and NO2, basic meteorological parameters (pressure, temperature, relative humidity) have been measured. Additional ground-based mercury measurements at the GMOS master site in Waldhof, Germany and measurements onboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft were used to extend the profile to the ground and upper troposphere respectively.,No vertical gradient was found inside the well-mixed boundary layer (variation of less than 0.1 ng m−3) at different sites, with GEM varying from location to location between 1.4 and 1.6 ng m−3 (standard temperature and pressure, STP: T  =  273.15 K, p  =  1013.25 hPa). At all locations GEM dropped to 1.3 ng m−3 (STP) when entering the free troposphere and remained constant at higher altitudes. The combination of the vertical profile, measured on 21 August 2013 over Leipzig, Germany, with the CARIBIC measurements during ascent and descent to Frankfurt Airport, Germany, taken at approximately the same time, provide a unique central European vertical profile from inside the boundary layer (550 m a.s.l) to the upper free troposphere (10 500 m a.s.l.) and show a fairly constant free-tropospheric TGM concentration of 1.3 ng m−3 (STP).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4135-2016} (DOI). Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Pirrone, N.; Bieser, J.; Boedewadt, J.; Esposito, G.; Slemr, F.; Velthoven, P.; Zahn, A.; Ziereis, H.: Tropospheric mercury vertical profiles between 500 and 10 000 m in central Europe. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. vol. 16, no. 6, 4135-4146. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-4135-2016}}
@misc{weigelt_first_time_2016, 
author={Weigelt, R.,Lippert, H.,Borges, L.M.S.,Appelqvist, C.,Karsten, U.,Bastorp, R.},
title={First time DNA barcoding of the common shipworm Teredo navalis Linnaeus 1758 (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Teredinidae): Molecular-taxonomic investigation and identification of a widespread wood-borer},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2015.11.008},
abstract = {The common shipworm Teredo navalis is one of the most widespread marine wood-boring bivalves of the world and probably one of the most wood destructive and cost-incurring marine invertebrates. First reports on T. navalis for Europe date back to 1731 for the North Sea (The Netherlands) and to 1835 for the Baltic Sea (Germany). It is still unclear, however, where this species originates from. Therefore, T. navalis is considered cryptogenic for European waters, including the Baltic Sea.,In this study, 181 specimens of Teredinidae from six different sampling areas all over Europe and North America were molecular-taxonomically investigated using several molecular markers, two nuclear (18S/28S) as well as one mitochondrial marker (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, hereafter COI). For the COI gene amplification, a new specific primer pair (Ter fw II/Ter rev I) for T. navalis was developed, which allowed sequencing of a 675 bp COI gene fragment for the first time. For amplifying the COI gene fragment of other examined teredinids than T. navalis, a third primer (Ter fw III) was designed. These three new primers are valuable tools to identify teredinid species with the DNA barcoding approach.,Classification of T. navalis into the system of wood-boring bivalves using a combined 18S/28S dataset showed no differentiation between specimens from Europe and the North American East Coast. The results of the COI dataset analyses showed high haplotype diversity in combination with a low nucleotide diversity and a star-shaped network with a predominant haplotype occurring in all investigated regions. Moreover, no indications have been found on a sibling species in the Baltic Sea. The data indicate a recent population expansion for the examined sampling sites whereas the origin of the assumed worldwide distributed species T. navalis remains open.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2015.11.008} (DOI). Weigelt, R.; Lippert, H.; Borges, L.; Appelqvist, C.; Karsten, U.; Bastorp, R.: First time DNA barcoding of the common shipworm Teredo navalis Linnaeus 1758 (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Teredinidae): Molecular-taxonomic investigation and identification of a widespread wood-borer. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2016. vol. 475, 154-162. DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2015.11.008}}
@misc{lai_neutral_polyfluoroalkyl_2016, 
author={Lai, S.,Song, J.,Song, T.,Huang, Z.,Zhang, Y.,Zhao, Y.,Liu, G.,Zheng, J.,Mi, W.,Tang, J.,Zou, S.,Ebinghaus, R.,Xie, Z.},
title={Neutral polyfluoroalkyl substances in the atmosphere over the northern South China Sea},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.047},
abstract = {Neutral Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the atmosphere were measured during a cruise campaign over the northern South China Sea (SCS) from September to October 2013. Four groups of PFASs, i.e., fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), fluorotelomer acrylates (FTAs), fluorooctane sulfonamides (FOSAs) and fluorooctane sulfonamidoethanols (FASEs), were detected in gas samples. FTOHs was the predominant PFAS group, accounting for 95.2–99.3% of total PFASs (ΣPFASs), while the other PFASs accounted for a small fraction of ΣPFASs. The concentrations of ΣPFASs ranged from 18.0 to 109.9 pg m−3 with an average of 54.5 pg m−3. The concentrations are comparable to those reported in other marine atmosphere. Higher concentrations of ΣPFASs were observed in the continental-influenced samples than those in other samples, pointing to the substantial contribution of anthropogenic sources. Long-range transport is suggested to be a major pathway for introducing gaseous PFASs into the atmosphere over the northern SCS. In order to further understand the fate of gaseous PFASs during transport, the atmospheric decay of neutral PFASs under the influence of reaction with OH radicals and atmospheric physical processes were estimated. Concentrations of 8:2 FTOH, 6:2 FTOH and MeFBSE from selected source region to the atmosphere over the SCS after long-range transport were predicted and compared with the observed concentrations. It suggests that the reaction with OH radicals may play an important role in the atmospheric decay of PFAS during long-range transport, especially for shorted-lived species. Moreover, the influence of atmospheric physical processes on the decay of PFAS should be further considered.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.047} (DOI). Lai, S.; Song, J.; Song, T.; Huang, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Liu, G.; Zheng, J.; Mi, W.; Tang, J.; Zou, S.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.: Neutral polyfluoroalkyl substances in the atmosphere over the northern South China Sea. Environmental Pollution. 2016. vol. 214, 449-455. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.047}}
@misc{zhen_polybrominated_diphenyl_2016, 
author={Zhen, X.,Tang, J.,Xie, Z.,Wang, R.,Huang, G.,Zheng, Q.,Zhang, K.,Sun, Y.,Tian, C.,Pan, X.,Li, J.,Zhang, G.},
title={Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative brominated flame retardants (aBFRs) in sediments from four bays of the Yellow Sea, North China},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.042},
abstract = {The distribution characteristics and potential sources of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative brominated flame retardants (aBFRs) were investigated in 54 surface sediment samples from four bays (Taozi Bay, Sishili Bay, Dalian Bay, and Jiaozhou Bay) of North China's Yellow Sea. Of the 54 samples studied, 51 were collected from within the four bays and 3 were from rivers emptying into Jiaozhou Bay. Decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) was the predominant flame retardant found, and concentration ranged from 0.16 to 39.7 ng g−1 dw and 1.13–49.9 ng g−1 dw in coastal and riverine sediments, respectively; these levels were followed by those of BDE 209, and its concentrations ranged from n.d. to 10.2 ng g−1 dw and 0.05–7.82 ng g−1 dw in coastal and riverine sediments, respectively. The levels of DBDPE exceeded those of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) in most of the samples in the study region, whereas the ratio of DBDPE/BDE 209 varied among the four bays. This is indicative of different usage patterns of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and also different hydrodynamic conditions among these bay areas. The spatial distribution and composition profile analysis indicated that BFRs in Jiaozhou Bay and Dalian Bay were mainly from local sources, whereas transport from Laizhou Bay by coastal currents was the major source of BFRs in Taozi Bay and Sishili Bay. Both the ∑PBDEs and ∑aBFRs (sum of pentabromotoluene (PBT), 2,3-diphenylpropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), and hexabromobenzene (HBB)) were at low concentrations in all the sediments. This is probably attributable to a combination of factors such as low regional usage of these products, atmospheric deposition patterns, coastal currents transportation patterns, and degradation processes for higher BDE congeners. This paper is the first study that has investigated the levels of DBDPE in the coastal sediments of China's Yellow Sea.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.042} (DOI). Zhen, X.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Wang, R.; Huang, G.; Zheng, Q.; Zhang, K.; Sun, Y.; Tian, C.; Pan, X.; Li, J.; Zhang, G.: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative brominated flame retardants (aBFRs) in sediments from four bays of the Yellow Sea, North China. Environmental Pollution. 2016. vol. 213, 386-394. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.042}}
@misc{wolschke_atmospheric_occurrence_2016, 
author={Wolschke, H.,Suehring, R.,Mi, W.,Moeller, A.,Xie, Z.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Atmospheric occurrence and fate of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizer at the German coast},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.04.028},
abstract = {This study reports the occurrence and distribution of organophosphor esters (OPEs), used as flame retardants and plasticizer, in the marine atmosphere of the German Coast. From August 2011 to October 2012, 58 high volume air samples (gas/particle phase separately) were collected at the German North Sea coast town Büsum. With the use of a GC-MS/MS System for instrumental analysis, detection limits for OPEs in air samples could be significantly improved compared to the previously used single GC-MS method. The concentration (gas + particle phase) of total OPEs was on average 5 pg/m3, with eight of the nine investigated compounds detectable in over 50% of the samples. A focus of this investigation concerned the partioning of OPEs between the particle and the gas phase. The observed partitioning of OPEs in this study was distinguished from previous studies. While previous studies reported OPEs exclusively in the particle phase, a significant part of the sum OPE concentration (55%) was detected in the gas phase. The contribution of the gas phase even reached up to as high as 88% for individual compounds such as tri-iso-butyl phosphate.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.04.028} (DOI). Wolschke, H.; Suehring, R.; Mi, W.; Moeller, A.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Atmospheric occurrence and fate of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizer at the German coast. Atmospheric Environment. 2016. vol. 137, 1-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.04.028}}
@misc{suehring_distribution_of_2016, 
author={Suehring, R.,Wolschke, H.,Diamond, M.L.,Jantunen, L.M.,Scheringer, M.},
title={Distribution of organophosphate esters between the gas and particle phase – model predictions vs. measured data},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00199},
abstract = {Gas-particle partitioning is one of the key factors that affects the environmental fate of semi volatile organic chemicals. Many organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been reported to primarily partition to particles in the atmosphere. However, because of the wide range of their physicochemical properties, it is unlikely that OPEs are mainly in the particle phase “as a class”. We compared gas-particle partitioning predictions for 32 OPEs made by the commonly used OECD POV and LRTP Screening Tool (“the Tool”) with the partitioning models of Junge-Pankow (J-P) and Harner-Bidleman (H-B), as well as recently measured data on OPE gas-particle partitioning. The results indicate that half of the tested OPEs partition into the gas phase. Partitioning into the gas phase seems to be determined by an octanol-air partition coefficient (log KOA) < 10 and a subcooled liquid vapour pressure (log PL) > –5, as well as the total suspended particle concentration (TSP) in the sampling area. The uncertainty of the physicochemical property data of the OPEs did not change this estimate. Furthermore, the predictions by the Tool, J-P- and H-B-models agreed with recently measured OPE gas-particle partitioning.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00199} (DOI). Suehring, R.; Wolschke, H.; Diamond, M.; Jantunen, L.; Scheringer, M.: Distribution of organophosphate esters between the gas and particle phase – model predictions vs. measured data. Environmental Science and Technology. 2016. vol. 50, no. 13, 6644-6651. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00199}}
@misc{callini_nanostructured_materials_2016, 
author={Callini, E.,Aguey-Zinsou, K.-F.,Ahuja, R.,Ares, J.R.,Bals, S.,Biliskov, N.,Chakraborty, S.,Charalambopoulou, G.,Chaudhary, A,-L.,Cuevas, F.,Dam, B.,de Jongh, P.,Dornheim, M.,Filinchuk, Y.,Grbovic Novakovic, J.,Hirscher, M.,Jensen, T.R.,Jensen, P.B.,Novakovic, N.,Lai, Q.,Leardini, F.,Gattia, D.M.,Pasquini, L.,Steriotis, T.,Turner, S.,Vegge, T.,Zuettel, A.,Montone, A.},
title={Nanostructured materials for solid-state hydrogen storage: A review of the achievement of COST Action MP1103},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.04.025},
abstract = {In the framework of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action MP1103 Nanostructured Materials for Solid-State Hydrogen Storage were synthesized, characterized and modeled. This Action dealt with the state of the art of energy storage and set up a competitive and coordinated network capable to define new and unexplored ways for Solid State Hydrogen Storage by innovative and interdisciplinary research within the European Research Area. An important number of new compounds have been synthesized: metal hydrides, complex hydrides, metal halide ammines and amidoboranes. Tuning the structure from bulk to thin film, nanoparticles and nanoconfined composites improved the hydrogen sorption properties and opened the perspective to new technological applications. Direct imaging of the hydrogenation reactions and in situ measurements under operando conditions have been carried out in these studies. Computational screening methods allowed the prediction of suitable compounds for hydrogen storage and the modeling of the hydrogen sorption reactions on mono-, bi-, and three-dimensional systems. This manuscript presents a review of the main achievements of this Action.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.04.025} (DOI). Callini, E.; Aguey-Zinsou, K.; Ahuja, R.; Ares, J.; Bals, S.; Biliskov, N.; Chakraborty, S.; Charalambopoulou, G.; Chaudhary, A.; Cuevas, F.; Dam, B.; de Jongh, P.; Dornheim, M.; Filinchuk, Y.; Grbovic Novakovic, J.; Hirscher, M.; Jensen, T.; Jensen, P.; Novakovic, N.; Lai, Q.; Leardini, F.; Gattia, D.; Pasquini, L.; Steriotis, T.; Turner, S.; Vegge, T.; Zuettel, A.; Montone, A.: Nanostructured materials for solid-state hydrogen storage: A review of the achievement of COST Action MP1103. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2016. vol. 41, no. 32, 14404-14428. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.04.025}}
@misc{zitek_applications_of_2016, 
author={Zitek, A.,Irrgeher, J.,Prohaska, T.},
title={Applications of isotopes in analytical ecogeochemistry},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-9037-z},
abstract = {Analytical ecogeochemistry is an emerging transdisciplinary field of science dealing with the development and application of analytical methods for the advanced and reliable measurement of compounds, elements and isotopes at trace levels in abiotic and biological media. The aim is to answer fundamental questions in different research fields, such as ecology, biology, ecosystem research and environmental science as well as climatology and geology. Evidently, a link to other disciplines can be established as well. Therefore, analytical ecogeochemistry conceptually ties analytical chemistry to the holistic view of the The Total Human Ecosystem according to Naveh [1] (Fig. 1). That is why its research objects also include the human sphere with its technologies and products, environmental effects created and the environmental services needed.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-9037-z} (DOI). Zitek, A.; Irrgeher, J.; Prohaska, T.: Applications of isotopes in analytical ecogeochemistry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2016. vol. 408, no. 2, 341-343. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9037-z}}
@misc{slemr_atmospheric_mercury_2016, 
author={Slemr, F.,Weigelt, A.,Ebinghaus, R.,Kock, H.H.,Boedewadt, J.,Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M.,Rauthe-Schoech, A.,Weber, S.,Hermann, M.,Zahn, A.,Martinsson, B.},
title={Atmospheric mercury measurements onboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2291-2016},
abstract = {Goal of the project CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrumented Container) is to carry out regular and detailed observations of atmospheric composition (particles and gases) at cruising altitudes of passenger aircraft, i.e. at 9–12 km. Mercury has been measured since May 2005 by a modified Tekran instrument (Tekran Model 2537 A analyser, Tekran Inc., Toronto, Canada) during monthly intercontinental flights between Europe and South and North America, Africa, and Asia. Here we describe the instrument modifications, the post-flight processing of the raw instrument signal, and the fractionation experiments.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2291-2016} (DOI). Slemr, F.; Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H.; Boedewadt, J.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Rauthe-Schoech, A.; Weber, S.; Hermann, M.; Zahn, A.; Martinsson, B.: Atmospheric mercury measurements onboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2016. vol. 9, no. 5, 2291-2302. DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-2291-2016}}
@misc{tim_the_importance_2016, 
author={Tim, N.,Zorita, E.,Huenicke, B.,Yi, X.,Emeis, K.-C.},
title={The importance of external climate forcing for the variability and trends of coastal upwelling in past and future climate},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-807-2016},
abstract = {The eastern boundary upwelling systems, located in the subtropics at the eastern boundary of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and mainly driven by the trade winds, are the major coastal upwelling regions. Previous studies have suggested that the intensity of upwelling in these areas in the past centuries may have been influenced by the external radiative forcing, for instance by changes in solar irradiance, and it will also be influenced in the future by the increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases. Here, we analyse the impact of the external climate forcing on these upwelling systems in ensembles of simulations of two Earth system models. The ensembles contain three simulations for each period covering the past millennium (900–1849) and the 20th century (1850–2005). One of these Earth system models additionally includes the near future (2006–2100). Using a set of simulations, differing only in their initial conditions, enables us to test whether the observed variability and trends are driven by the external radiative forcing. Our analysis shows that the variability of the simulated upwelling is largely not affected by the external forcing and that, generally, there are no significant trends in the periods covering the past and future. Only in future simulations with the strongest increase of greenhouse gas concentrations the upwelling trends are significant and appear in all members of the ensemble.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-807-2016} (DOI). Tim, N.; Zorita, E.; Huenicke, B.; Yi, X.; Emeis, K.: The importance of external climate forcing for the variability and trends of coastal upwelling in past and future climate. Ocean Science. 2016. vol. 12, no. 3, 807-823. DOI: 10.5194/os-12-807-2016}}
@misc{callies_regions_where_2016, 
author={Callies, U.,Schwichtenberg, F.},
title={Regions where the application of dispersants can be expected to be beneficial - an assessment based on drift modelling},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {The use of hydrodynamic models for predicting oil slick movements and effects of weathering processes is nowadays an essential component of any contingency planning. When the use of dispersants is an option, hydrodynamic modelling can also support corresponding decision making.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Callies, U.; Schwichtenberg, F.: Regions where the application of dispersants can be expected to be beneficial - an assessment based on drift modelling. BfR-Wissenschaft. 2016. no. 2, 31-35.}}
@misc{hiebl_influence_of_2016, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Scharnagl, N.,Kaessmeyer, S.,Gemeinhardt, O.,Gemeinhardt, I.,Niehues, S.M.,Peters, S.,Jung, F.},
title={Influence of the blood exposure time in dynamic hemocompatibility testing on coagulation and C5a activation},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/JCB-15014},
abstract = {Within the hemocompatibility testing portfolio of medical devices a range of dynamic models were established in recent years. In contrast to the static hemocompatibility testing method the dynamic models allow considering the impact of hemorheological and hemodynamic blood characteristics on the hemocompatibility of medical devices. Unfortunately the EN DIN ISO 10993-4 for the biological evaluation of medical devices for interaction with blood gives no hints towards the period of time during which the medical devices should be exposed to the blood in these tests. To examine whether different exposure times impact the comparability of hemocompatibility test results low density polyethylene (LD-PE) tubes and nitinol stents were tested exemplarily in a closed loop model for changes of the fibrinogen content, the prothrombin time, the thrombin time, and the C5a activity after 30 and 90 min exposure to the blood. Low density polyethylene was used as negative control because it is one of the European reference materials for hemocompatibility testing. After 90 min blood exposure to the LD-PE tubing and the nitinol stents the prothrombin time was significantly longer and the fibrinogen content significantly lower (p < 0.05) than after 30 min. In contrast the thrombin time and the C5a were comparable after 30 and 90 min blood exposure time. These results might recommend to an initial 30 min exposure time, which is followed by a 90 min exposure time in cases of unclear results.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/JCB-15014} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Scharnagl, N.; Kaessmeyer, S.; Gemeinhardt, O.; Gemeinhardt, I.; Niehues, S.; Peters, S.; Jung, F.: Influence of the blood exposure time in dynamic hemocompatibility testing on coagulation and C5a activation. Journal of Cellular Biotechnology. 2016. vol. 1, no. 2, 145-150. DOI: 10.3233/JCB-15014}}
@misc{breitbach_accessing_diverse_2016, 
author={Breitbach, G.,Krasemann, H.,Behr, D.,Beringer, S.,Lange, U.,Vo, N.,Schroeder, F.},
title={Accessing Diverse Data Comprehensively – CODM the COSYNA Data Portal},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-909-2016},
abstract = {The coastal observation system COSYNA aims to describe the physical and biogeochemical state of a regional coastal system. The COSYNA data management is the link between observations, model results and data usage. The challenge for the COSYNA data management CODM1 COSYNA Data and Metadata, http://codm.hzg.de/codm or doi:10.17616/R3K02T is the integration of diverse data sources in terms of parameters, dimensionality and observation methods to gain a comprehensive view of the observations. This is achieved by describing the data using metadata in a generic way and by making all gathered data available for different analyses and visualisations in an interrelated way, independent of data dimensionality. Different parameter names for the same observed property are mapped to the corresponding CF2 climate and forecast standard name leading to standardised and comparable metadata. These metadata together with standardised web services are the base for the data portal. The URLs of these web services are also stored within the metadata as direct data access URLs, e.g. a map such as a GetMap request.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-909-2016} (DOI). Breitbach, G.; Krasemann, H.; Behr, D.; Beringer, S.; Lange, U.; Vo, N.; Schroeder, F.: Accessing Diverse Data Comprehensively – CODM the COSYNA Data Portal. Ocean Science. 2016. vol. 12, no. 4, 909-923. DOI: 10.5194/os-12-909-2016}}
@misc{jahnke_incident_monitoring_2016, 
author={Jahnke, B.,Niemeyer, B.},
title={Incident Monitoring of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid in Natural Waters – Experimental Set-up and Validation},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.12},
abstract = {A measuring system based on sequential injection analysis (SIA) for the detection of the herbicide glyphosate and its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in natural waters is presented. The system is automated to enable an unattended monitoring of the analytes. Due to its compact manifold it can easily be integrated into existing observing systems,or could be used on board of research vessels. Here we show the experimental setup and the results of the system’s performance during experimental periods of 20 hours in the laboratory as well as in an observing station situated at the Elbe,river in Hamburg, Germany. An incident with elevated glyphosate and AMPA concentrations was simulated by injecting spiked river water samples. The results show a good stability of the system over the experimental period.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.12} (DOI). Jahnke, B.; Niemeyer, B.: Incident Monitoring of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid in Natural Waters – Experimental Set-up and Validation. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis. 2016. vol. 4, no. 3, 75-81. DOI: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.12}}
@misc{neumann_a_comparison_2016, 
author={Neumann, D.,Matthias, V.,Bieser, J.,Aulinger, A.,Quante, M.},
title={A comparison of sea salt emission parameterizations in northwestern Europe using a chemistry transport model setup},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9905-2016},
abstract = {Atmospheric sea salt particles affect chemical and physical processes in the atmosphere. These particles provide surface area for condensation and reaction of nitrogen, sulfur, and organic species and are a vehicle for the transport of these species. Additionally, HCl is released from sea salt. Hence, sea salt has a relevant impact on air quality, particularly in coastal regions with high anthropogenic emissions, such as the North Sea region. Therefore, the integration of sea salt emissions in modeling studies in these regions is necessary. However, it was found that sea salt concentrations are not represented with the necessary accuracy in some situations.,In this study, three sea salt emission parameterizations depending on different combinations of wind speed, salinity, sea surface temperature, and wave data were implemented and compared: GO03 (Gong, 2003), SP13 (Spada et al., 2013), and OV14 (Ovadnevaite et al., 2014). The aim was to identify the parameterization that most accurately predicts the sea salt mass concentrations at different distances to the source regions. For this purpose, modeled particle sodium concentrations, sodium wet deposition, and aerosol optical depth were evaluated against measurements of these parameters. Each 2-month period in winter and summer 2008 were considered for this purpose. The shortness of these periods limits generalizability of the conclusions on other years.,While the GO03 emissions yielded overestimations in the PM10 concentrations at coastal stations and underestimations of those at inland stations, OV14 emissions conversely led to underestimations at coastal stations and overestimations at inland stations. Because of the differently shaped particle size distributions of the GO03 and OV14 emission cases, the deposition velocity of the coarse particles differed between both cases which yielded this distinct behavior at inland and coastal stations. The PM10 concentrations produced by the SP13 emissions generally overestimated the measured concentrations. The sodium wet deposition was generally underestimated by the model simulations but the SP13 cases yielded the least underestimations. Because the model tends to underestimate wet deposition, this result needs to be considered critically. Measurements of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) were underestimated by all model cases in the summer and partly in winter. None of the model cases clearly improved the modeled AODs. Overall, GO03 and OV14 produced the most accurate results, but both parameterizations revealed weaknesses in some situations.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9905-2016} (DOI). Neumann, D.; Matthias, V.; Bieser, J.; Aulinger, A.; Quante, M.: A comparison of sea salt emission parameterizations in northwestern Europe using a chemistry transport model setup. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. vol. 16, no. 15, 9905-9933. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-9905-2016}}
@misc{apel_vorkommen_und_2016, 
author={Apel, C.,Wolschke, H.,Massei, R.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Vorkommen und Verteilung organischer UV-Stabilisatoren und UV-Filter in Sedimenten europaeischer Flussmuendungen},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Die  aktuelle  Belastungssituation  von  Mündungssedimenten,großer europäischer Flüsse mit den UV-Stabilisatoren UV 320,,UV  326,  UV  327  und  den  UV-Filtern  Ethylhexylmethoxycin-,namat  (EHMC)  und  Octocrylen  (OC)  wurde  in  dieser  Studie,untersucht.  Die  höchsten  Konzentrationen  wurden  in  den,Mündungen  der  industriell  geprägten  Flüsse  Schelde  und,Rhein nachgewiesen. Mit 16,7 ng/g dw (Trockengewicht) wies,der UV-Filter OC in einer Probe des Rhein-Deltas die höchste,in dieser Studie gemessene Konzentration auf. OC und UV 326,konnten  in  allen  Flussmündungen  detektiert  werden.  UV  320,hingegen  konnte  lediglich  in  drei  Proben  nachgewiesen  wer-,den; eine Quantifizierung war aufgrund der geringen Mengen,jedoch nicht möglich.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Apel, C.; Wolschke, H.; Massei, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Vorkommen und Verteilung organischer UV-Stabilisatoren und UV-Filter in Sedimenten europaeischer Flussmuendungen. Mitteilungen der Fachgruppe Umweltchemie und Oekotoxikologie. 2016. vol. 22, no. 3, 63-66.}}
@misc{hermann_an_optical_2016, 
author={Hermann, M.,Weigelt, A.,Assmann, D.,Pfeifer, S.,Mueller, T.,Conrath, T.,Voigtlaender, J.,Heintzenberg, J.,Wiedensohler, A.,Martinsson, B.G.,Deshler, T.,Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M.,Zahn, A.},
title={An optical particle size spectrometer for aircraft-borne measurements in IAGOS-CARIBIC},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2179-2016},
abstract = {The particle number size distribution is an important parameter to characterize the atmospheric aerosol and its influence on the Earth's climate. Here we describe a new optical particle size spectrometer (OPSS) for measurements of the accumulation mode particle number size distribution in the tropopause region on board a passenger aircraft (IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory: In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System – Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container). A modified KS93 particle sensor from RION Co., Ltd., together with a new airflow system and a dedicated data acquisition system, is the key component of the CARIBIC OPSS. The instrument records individual particle pulse signal curves in the particle size range 130–1110 nm diameter (for a particle refractive index of 1.47-i0.006) together with a time stamp and thus allows the post-flight choice of the time resolution and the size distribution bin width. The CARIBIC OPSS has a 50 % particle detection diameter of 152 nm and a maximum asymptotic counting efficiency of 98 %. The instrument's measurement performance shows no pressure dependency and no particle coincidence for free tropospheric conditions. The size response function of the CARIBIC OPSS was obtained by a polystyrene latex calibration in combination with model calculations. Particle number size distributions measured with the new OPSS in the lowermost stratosphere agreed within a factor of 2 in concentration with balloon-borne measurements over western North America. Since June 2010 the CARIBIC OPSS is deployed once per month in the IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2179-2016} (DOI). Hermann, M.; Weigelt, A.; Assmann, D.; Pfeifer, S.; Mueller, T.; Conrath, T.; Voigtlaender, J.; Heintzenberg, J.; Wiedensohler, A.; Martinsson, B.; Deshler, T.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Zahn, A.: An optical particle size spectrometer for aircraft-borne measurements in IAGOS-CARIBIC. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2016. vol. 9, no. 5, 2179-2194. DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-2179-2016}}
@misc{kirchgeorg_seasonal_accumulation_2016, 
author={Kirchgeorg, T.,Dreyer, A.,Gabrielli, P.,Gabrieli, J.,Thompson, L.G.,Barbante, C.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Seasonal accumulation of persistent organic pollutants on a high altitude glacier in the Eastern Alps},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.004},
abstract = {The seasonal accumulations of perfluorinated substances (PFAS), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were measured in a 10 m shallow firn core from a high altitude glacier at Mt. Ortles (Italy, 3830 m above sea level) in South Tyrol in the Italian Eastern Alps. The most abundant persistent organic pollutants of each group were perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (for PFASs); BDE 47, BDE 99, BDE 209 (for PBDEs) and phenanthrene (PHE), fluoranthene (FLA) and pyrene (PYR) (for PAHs). All compounds show different extents of seasonality, with higher accumulation during summer time compared to winter. This seasonal difference mainly reflects meteorological conditions with a low and stable atmospheric boundary layer in winter and strong convective activity in summer, transformation processes during the transport of chemicals and/or post-depositional alterations. Change in the composition of the water-soluble PFCAs demonstrates the influence of meltwater percolation through the firn layers.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.004} (DOI). Kirchgeorg, T.; Dreyer, A.; Gabrielli, P.; Gabrieli, J.; Thompson, L.; Barbante, C.; Ebinghaus, R.: Seasonal accumulation of persistent organic pollutants on a high altitude glacier in the Eastern Alps. Environmental Pollution. 2016. vol. 218, 804-812. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.004}}
@misc{prohaska_simultaneous_multielement_2016, 
author={Prohaska, T.,Irrgeher, J.,Zitek, A.},
title={Simultaneous multi-element and isotope ratio imaging of fish otoliths by laser ablation split stream ICP-MS/MC ICP-MS},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/C6JA00087H},
abstract = {The simultaneous retrieval of spatially resolved information on the elemental content and isotope ratios from the same sampling spot (e.g. in incrementally grown biological material) still represents an analytical challenge. In order to assess multi-elemental (Sr/Ca; Mg/Ca; Ba/Ca; Na/Ca) and isotopic (87Sr/86Sr) data simultaneously on a fish otolith surface, a laser ablation (LA) system was coupled simultaneously to a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC ICP-MS) and a quadrupole (single collector) ICP-MS via an aerosol split. In addition, a membrane desolvation nebulizer was used for introducing liquid standards in-line to the MC ICP-MS system. The recorded time resolved data of different data density (number of data points/time unit were by a factor of 4 higher using MC ICP-MS) were spatially referenced to the picture using ArcGIS® software. This allowed for the creation of elemental and isotopic images and the combination of data of different spatial resolution. Finally, regions of similar chemical composition were retrieved by cluster analysis. The method was applied to analyze an otolith of a lenok (Brachymystax lenok) caught in the river Eg (northern Mongolia) to assess habitat use and migration in a river system, where only little is known about the migrations of native fish. The combined statistical evaluations of the data showed that the Sr/Ca elemental and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios assessed in the otolith were the main discriminators of three clearly different zones on the otolith, indicating habitat shifts. Split-stream LA-ICP-MS/MC ICP-MS proved to be a compelling approach to gain elemental and isotopic data simultaneously from the same sampling spots on solid samples with a minimum loss of information.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/C6JA00087H} (DOI). Prohaska, T.; Irrgeher, J.; Zitek, A.: Simultaneous multi-element and isotope ratio imaging of fish otoliths by laser ablation split stream ICP-MS/MC ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 2016. vol. 31, no. 8, 1612-1621. DOI: 10.1039/C6JA00087H}}
@misc{carpenter_potential_impacts_2016, 
author={Carpenter, J.R.,Merckelbach, L.,Callies, U.,Clark, S.,Gaslikova, L.,Baschek, B.},
title={Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on North Sea Stratification},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160830},
abstract = {Advances in offshore wind farm (OWF) technology have recently led to their construction in coastal waters that are deep enough to be seasonally stratified. As tidal currents move past the OWF foundation structures they generate a turbulent wake that will contribute to a mixing of the stratified water column. In this study we show that the mixing generated in this way may have a significant impact on the large-scale stratification of the German Bight region of the North Sea. This region is chosen as the focus of this study since the planning of OWFs is particularly widespread. Using a combination of idealised modelling and in situ measurements, we provide order-of-magnitude estimates of two important time scales that are key to understanding the impacts of OWFs: (i) a mixing time scale, describing how long a complete mixing of the stratification takes, and (ii) an advective time scale, quantifying for how long a water parcel is expected to undergo enhanced wind farm mixing. The results are especially sensitive to both the drag coefficient and type of foundation structure, as well as the evolution of the pycnocline under enhanced mixing conditions—both of which are not well known. With these limitations in mind, the results show that OWFs could impact the large-scale stratification, but only when they occupy extensive shelf regions. They are expected to have very little impact on large-scale stratification at the current capacity in the North Sea, but the impact could be significant in future large-scale development scenarios.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160830} (DOI). Carpenter, J.; Merckelbach, L.; Callies, U.; Clark, S.; Gaslikova, L.; Baschek, B.: Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on North Sea Stratification. PLoS One. 2016. vol. 11, no. 8, 0160830. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160830}}
@misc{swart_potential_reference_2016, 
author={Swart, C.,Gantois, F.,Petrov, P.,Entwisle, J.,Goenaga_Infante, H.,Nousiainen, M.,Bilsel, M.,Binici, B.,Gonzalez-Gago, A.,Proefrock, D.,Goeren, A.C.},
title={Potential reference measurement procedures for PBDE in surface water at levels required by the EU Water Frame Directive},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.066},
abstract = {Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE), used as flame retardants, are named as priority substances in the Directive 2000/60/EC of the European parliament and of the council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. An annual average environmental quality standard (EQS) for inland surface waters of 0.0005 µg/L (0.0002 µg/L for other surface waters) for PBDE congeners involved in the technical penta-PBDE mixtures containing PBDE with five bromine atoms has been established. The directives focus especially on the congeners PBDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154 contained in the penta-PBDE mixture. Up to now, no reference measurement procedures have been established reaching the limits of quantification (LOQs) and the associated uncertainties as defined in the directives with results traceable to the SI. Within a recent European project on metrology, different approaches for the traceable quantification of PBDE, based on liquid/liquid or solid phase extraction followed by the detection with gas chromatography coupled to either inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, were investigated and the related LOQs and expanded uncertainties of the results were compared. A complete uncertainty budget for each method was estimated according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). All presented analytical procedures can serve as reference measurement procedures regarding the LOQs and their associated expanded uncertainties for monitoring the six priority PBDEs named above. LOQs as low as 0.026 ng/kg with an associated expanded uncertainty of 0.002 ng/kg could be achieved.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.066} (DOI). Swart, C.; Gantois, F.; Petrov, P.; Entwisle, J.; Goenaga_Infante, H.; Nousiainen, M.; Bilsel, M.; Binici, B.; Gonzalez-Gago, A.; Proefrock, D.; Goeren, A.: Potential reference measurement procedures for PBDE in surface water at levels required by the EU Water Frame Directive. Talanta. 2016. vol. 152, 251-258. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.066}}
@misc{heydebreck_emissions_of_2016, 
author={Heydebreck, F.,Tang, J.,Xie, Z.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Emissions of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in a Textile Manufacturing Plant in China and Their Relevance for Workers’ Exposure},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03213},
abstract = {The manufacturing of high-performance fabrics requires numerous chemical treatment steps that involve the use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to protect apparel against water, stain, and oil penetration. However, air and wastewater emissions of PFASs generated during this manufacturing are a potential threat to both factory workers and the environment. We investigated the occurrence and distribution of PFASs in wastewater, air, airborne particles, and settled dust in a textile manufacturing plant in China. PFOA and PFDA or their precursor compounds 8:2 FTOH and 10:2 FTOH were the dominant compounds in all environmental media tested, revealing that long-chain PFASs were preferably used for the manufacturing of functional garments. Besides, PFASs were detected along the textile manufacturing chain, indicating that they were used as durable water repellents and as surfactants in, for example, coating agents. The workers’ exposure to FTOHs via air inhalation was up to 5 orders of magnitude higher than the background exposure of the general western population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study providing information regarding the emission of PFASs during the manufacturing of textiles via various environmental media.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03213} (DOI). Heydebreck, F.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Emissions of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in a Textile Manufacturing Plant in China and Their Relevance for Workers’ Exposure. Environmental Science and Technology. 2016. vol. 50, no. 19, 10386-10396. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03213}}
@misc{jacob_nitrite_consumption_2016, 
author={Jacob, J.,Sanders, T.,Daehnke, K.},
title={Nitrite consumption and associated isotope changes during a river flood event},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5649-2016},
abstract = {In oceans, estuaries, and rivers, nitrification is an important nitrate source, and stable isotopes of nitrate are often used to investigate recycling processes (e.g. remineralisation, nitrification) in the water column. Nitrification is a two-step process, where ammonia is oxidised via nitrite to nitrate. Nitrite usually does not accumulate in natural environments, which makes it difficult to study the single isotope effect of ammonia oxidation or nitrite oxidation in natural systems.,However, during an exceptional flood in the Elbe River in June 2013, we found a unique co-occurrence of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate in the water column, returning towards normal summer conditions within 1 week. Over the course of the flood, we analysed the evolution of δ15N–NH4+ and δ15N–NO2− in the Elbe River. In concert with changes in suspended particulate matter (SPM) and δ15N SPM, as well as nitrate concentration, δ15N–NO3− and δ18O–NO3−, we calculated apparent isotope effects during net nitrite and nitrate consumption.,During the flood event, > 97 % of total reactive nitrogen was nitrate, which was leached from the catchment area and appeared to be subject to assimilation. Ammonium and nitrite concentrations increased to 3.4 and 4.4 µmol L−1, respectively, likely due to remineralisation, nitrification, and denitrification in the water column. δ15N–NH4+ values increased up to 12 ‰, and δ15N–NO2− ranged from −8.0 to −14.2 ‰. Based on this, we calculated an apparent isotope effect 15ε of −10.0 ± 0.1 ‰ during net nitrite consumption, as well as an isotope effect 15ε of −4.0 ± 0.1 ‰ and 18ε of −5.3 ± 0.1 ‰ during net nitrate consumption. On the basis of the observed nitrite isotope changes, we evaluated different nitrite uptake processes in a simple box model. We found that a regime of combined riparian denitrification and 22 to 36 % nitrification fits best with measured data for the nitrite concentration decrease and isotope increase.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5649-2016} (DOI). Jacob, J.; Sanders, T.; Daehnke, K.: Nitrite consumption and associated isotope changes during a river flood event. Biogeosciences. 2016. vol. 13, no. 19, 5649-5659. DOI: 10.5194/bg-13-5649-2016}}
@misc{irrgeher_87sr86sr_isotope_2016, 
author={Irrgeher, J.,Galler, P.,Prohaska, T.},
title={87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio measurements by laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Reconsidering matrix interferences in bioapatites and biogenic carbonates},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2016.09.008},
abstract = {This study is dedicated to the systematic investigation of the effect of interferences on Sr isotopic analyses in biological apatite and carbonate matrices using laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC ICP-MS). Trends towards higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios for LA-MC ICP-MS compared to solution-nebulization based MC ICP-MS when analysing bioapatite matrices (e.g. human teeth) and lower ratios in case of calcium carbonates (e.g. fish ear stones) were observed. This effect can be related to the presence of significant matrix-related interferences such as molecular ions (e.g. (40Ca-31P-16O)+, (40Ar-31P-16O)+, (42Ca-44Ca)+, (46Ca40Ar)+) as well as in many cases concomitant atomic ions (e.g. 87Rb+, 174Hf2 +). Direct 87Sr/86Sr ratio measurements in Ca-rich samples are conducted without the possibility of prior sample separation, which can be accomplished routinely for solution-based analysis. The presence of Ca-Ar and Ca-Ca molecular ion interferences in the mass range of Sr isotopes is shown using the mass resolving capabilities of a single collector inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometer operated in medium mass resolution when analysing bioapatites and calcium carbonate samples.,The major focus was set on analysing human tooth samples, fish hard parts and geological carbonates. Potential sources of interferences were identified and corrected for. The combined corrections of interferences and adequate instrumental isotopic fractionation correction procedures lead to accurate data even though increased uncertainties have to be taken into account. The results are discussed along with approaches presented in literature for data correction in laser ablation analysis.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2016.09.008} (DOI). Irrgeher, J.; Galler, P.; Prohaska, T.: 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio measurements by laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Reconsidering matrix interferences in bioapatites and biogenic carbonates. Spectrochimica Acta  B. 2016. vol. 125, 31-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2016.09.008}}
@misc{bessagnet_presentation_of_2016, 
author={Bessagnet, B.,Pirovano, G.,Mircea, M.,Cuvelier, C.,Aulinger, A.,Calori, G.,Ciarelli, G.,Manders, A.,Stern, R.,Tsyro, S.,Garcia Vivanco, M.,Thunis, P.,Pay, M.-T.,Colette, A.,Couvidat, F.,Meleux, F.,Rouil, L.,Ung, A.,Aksoyoglu, S.,Baldasano, J.M.,Bieser, J.,Briganti, G.,Cappelletti, A.,D`Isidoro, M.,Finardi, S.,Kranenburg, R.,Silibello, C.,Carnevale, C.,Aas, W.,Dupont, J.-C.,Fagerli, H.,Gonzales,L.,Menut, L.,Prevot, A.S.H.,Roberts, P.,White, L.},
title={Presentation of the EURODELTA III intercomparison exercise – evaluation of the chemistry transport models' performance on criteria pollutants and joint analysis with meteorology},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12667-2016},
abstract = {The EURODELTA III exercise has facilitated a comprehensive intercomparison and evaluation of chemistry transport model performances. Participating models performed calculations for four 1-month periods in different seasons in the years 2006 to 2009, allowing the influence of different meteorological conditions on model performances to be evaluated. The exercise was performed with strict requirements for the input data, with few exceptions. As a consequence, most of differences in the outputs will be attributed to the differences in model formulations of chemical and physical processes. The models were evaluated mainly for background rural stations in Europe. The performance was assessed in terms of bias, root mean square error and correlation with respect to the concentrations of air pollutants (NO2, O3, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5), as well as key meteorological variables. Though most of meteorological parameters were prescribed, some variables like the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height and the vertical diffusion coefficient were derived in the model preprocessors and can partly explain the spread in model results. In general, the daytime PBL height is underestimated by all models. The largest variability of predicted PBL is observed over the ocean and seas. For ozone, this study shows the importance of proper boundary conditions for accurate model calculations and then on the regime of the gas and particle chemistry. The models show similar and quite good performance for nitrogen dioxide, whereas they struggle to accurately reproduce measured sulfur dioxide concentrations (for which the agreement with observations is the poorest). In general, the models provide a close-to-observations map of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) concentrations over Europe rather with correlations in the range 0.4–0.7 and a systematic underestimation reaching −10 µg m−3 for PM10. The highest concentrations are much more underestimated, particularly in wintertime. Further evaluation of the mean diurnal cycles of PM reveals a general model tendency to overestimate the effect of the PBL height rise on PM levels in the morning, while the intensity of afternoon chemistry leads formation of secondary species to be underestimated. This results in larger modelled PM diurnal variations than the observations for all seasons. The models tend to be too sensitive to the daily variation of the PBL. All in all, in most cases model performances are more influenced by the model setup than the season. The good representation of temporal evolution of wind speed is the most responsible for models' skillfulness in reproducing the daily variability of pollutant concentrations (e.g. the development of peak episodes), while the reconstruction of the PBL diurnal cycle seems to play a larger role in driving the corresponding pollutant diurnal cycle and hence determines the presence of systematic positive and negative biases detectable on daily basis.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12667-2016} (DOI). Bessagnet, B.; Pirovano, G.; Mircea, M.; Cuvelier, C.; Aulinger, A.; Calori, G.; Ciarelli, G.; Manders, A.; Stern, R.; Tsyro, S.; Garcia Vivanco, M.; Thunis, P.; Pay, M.; Colette, A.; Couvidat, F.; Meleux, F.; Rouil, L.; Ung, A.; Aksoyoglu, S.; Baldasano, J.; Bieser, J.; Briganti, G.; Cappelletti, A.; D`Isidoro, M.; Finardi, S.; Kranenburg, R.; Silibello, C.; Carnevale, C.; Aas, W.; Dupont, J.; Fagerli, H.; Gonzales, L.; Menut, L.; Prevot, A.; Roberts, P.; White, L.: Presentation of the EURODELTA III intercomparison exercise – evaluation of the chemistry transport models' performance on criteria pollutants and joint analysis with meteorology. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. vol. 16, no. 19, 12667-12701. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-12667-2016}}
@misc{efstathiou_evaluation_of_2016, 
author={Efstathiou, C.I.,Matejovicova, J.,Bieser, J.,Lammel, G.},
title={Evaluation of gas-particle partitioning in a regional air quality model for organic pollutants},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15327-2016},
abstract = {Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are of considerable concern due to their well-recognised toxicity and their potential to bioaccumulate and engage in long-range transport. These compounds are semi-volatile and therefore partition between vapour and condensed phases in the atmosphere, while both phases can undergo chemical reactions. This work describes the extension of the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modelling system to POPs with a focus on establishing an adaptable framework that accounts for gaseous chemistry, heterogeneous reactions, and gas-particle partitioning (GPP). The effect of GPP is assessed by implementing a set of independent parameterisations within the CMAQ aerosol module, including the Junge-Pankow (JP) adsorption model, the Harner-Bidleman (HB) organic matter (OM) absorption model, and the dual Dachs-Eisenreich (DE) black carbon (BC) adsorption and OM absorption model. Use of these descriptors in a modified version of CMAQ for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), results in different fate and transport patterns as demonstrated by regional scale simulations performed for a European domain during 2006. The dual DE model predicted 24.1 % higher average domain concentrations compared to the HB model, which was in turn predicting 119.2 % higher levels compared to the baseline JP model. Evaluation against measurements from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) reveal the capability of the more extensive DE model to better capture the ambient levels and seasonal behaviour of BaP. It is found that the heterogeneous reaction of BaP with O3 may decrease its atmospheric lifetime by 25.2 % (domain and annual average) and near-ground concentrations by 18.8 %. Marginally better model performance was found for one of the six EMEP stations (Košetice) when heterogeneous BaP reactivity was included. Further analysis shows that for the rest of the EMEP locations the model continues to underestimate BaP levels, an observation that can be attributed to low emission estimates for such remote areas. These findings suggest that, when modelling the fate and transport of organic pollutants on large spatiotemporal scales, the selection and parameterisation of GPP can be as important as degradation (reactivity).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15327-2016} (DOI). Efstathiou, C.; Matejovicova, J.; Bieser, J.; Lammel, G.: Evaluation of gas-particle partitioning in a regional air quality model for organic pollutants. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. vol. 16, no. 23, 15327-15345. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-15327-2016}}
@misc{weigelt_mercury_emissions_2016, 
author={Weigelt, A.,Slemr, F.,Ebinghaus, R.,Pirrone, N.,Bieser, J.,Boedewadt, J.,Esposito, G.,Velthoven, P.F.J.van},
title={Mercury emissions of a coal fired power plant in Germany},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13653-2016},
abstract = {Hg/SO2,  Hg/CO,  NOx/SO2 emission  ratios (ERs) in  the  plume  of  coal  fired  power  plant (CFPP)Lippendorf near   Leipzig   in   Germany   were   determined   within   the   European Tropospheric  Mercury  Experiment  (ETMEP)  aircraft  campaign  in  August  2013.  GOM fraction  of  mercury  emissions  was  also  assessed.,Measured  Hg/SO2 and  Hg/CO  ERs  were within  the  measurement  uncertainties consistent  with  the  ratios  calculated  from  annual,emissions  in  2013  reported  by,the CFPP  operator,  the  NOx/SO2,ER  was  somewhat  lower.,GOM  fraction  of  total  mercury  emissions,  estimated  by  three  independent  methods,  was,~10%  with  an  upper  limit  of  ~25%. This  result  is  consistent  with  findings  by  others  and,suggests  that  GOM  fractions  of  ~40%  of CFPP  mercury  emissions  in current emission inventories are overestimated.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13653-2016} (DOI). Weigelt, A.; Slemr, F.; Ebinghaus, R.; Pirrone, N.; Bieser, J.; Boedewadt, J.; Esposito, G.; Velthoven, P.: Mercury emissions of a coal fired power plant in Germany. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. vol. 16, no. 21, 13653-13668. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-13653-2016}}
@misc{crivello_review_of_2016, 
author={Crivello, J.-C.,Dam, B.,Denys, R.V.,Dornheim, M.,Grant, D.M.,Huot, J.,jensen, T.R.,de jongh, P.,Latroche, M.,Milanese, C.,Milcius, D.,Walker, G.S.,Webb, C.J.,Zlotea, C.,Yartys, V.A.},
title={Review of magnesium hydride-based materials: development and optimisation},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-9602-0},
abstract = {Magnesium hydride has been studied extensively for applications as a hydrogen storage material owing to the favourable cost and high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities. However, its high enthalpy of decomposition necessitates high working temperatures for hydrogen desorption while the slow rates for some processes such as hydrogen diffusion through the bulk create challenges for large-scale implementation. The present paper reviews fundamentals of the Mg–H system and looks at the recent advances in the optimisation of magnesium hydride as a hydrogen storage material through the use of catalytic additives, incorporation of defects and an understanding of the rate-limiting processes during absorption and desorption.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-9602-0} (DOI). Crivello, J.; Dam, B.; Denys, R.; Dornheim, M.; Grant, D.; Huot, J.; jensen, T.; de jongh, P.; Latroche, M.; Milanese, C.; Milcius, D.; Walker, G.; Webb, C.; Zlotea, C.; Yartys, V.: Review of magnesium hydride-based materials: development and optimisation. Applied Physics  A. 2016. vol. 122, no. 2, 97. DOI: 10.1007/s00339-016-9602-0}}
@misc{nagel_effects_of_2016, 
author={Nagel, B.,Gaye, B.,Lahajnar, N.,Struck, U.,Emeis, K.-C.},
title={Effects of current regimes and oxygenation on particulate matter preservation on the Namibian shelf: Insights from amino acid biogeochemistry},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2016.09.001},
abstract = {Many reconstructions of past biogeochemical states rely on proxies such as δ15N that in turn are affected by the preservation state of organic matter. N-turnover processes in the upwelling system on the Namibian shelf are difficult to reconstruct because lateral particle advection and differential degradation under oxic to anoxic conditions complicate particle tracing in suspended matter and surface sediments as well as the interpretation of sedimentary δ15N records. We analysed the amino acid composition of suspended matter, sinking particles, phytoplankton biomass and surface sediments in order to investigate the degradation pathway of organic matter from the sea surface to the surface sediment. A principal component analysis carried out with the amino acid data set results in a triangular-shaped model. Two branches evolve from phytoplankton biomass on the apex: The suspended matter branch is characterized by relatively enhanced contents of Glu, Ser and Leu, whereas the non-protein amino acids and Lys mark the sinking particle and sediment branch. The results suggest that both pools have taken different diagenetic pathways and that there is only limited exchange between them. The preservation state of organic matter in surface sediments within the oxygen minimum zone is generally better than on the oxic outer shelf, where organic matter preservation depends on water depth.,A vertical increase in δ15N ratios from phytoplankton biomass to the surface sediment by ~ 2.5‰ is attributed to early diagenetic degradation in the water column and at the water/sediment interface. The δ15N ratios of sediments are mainly controlled by the N-isotope signature of nitrate on the outer shelf and upper continental slope. Nutrient-enriched deep water ascends at the shelf breaks due to the influence of internal waves and tides or curl-driven shelf break upwelling. The δ15N of upwelling nitrate at the shelf breaks is ~ 3‰ lower than that of nitrate from the inner shelf. This difference in nitrate sources is expressed in a band of decreasing δ15N ratios of surface sediments at the shelf breaks. The hydrodynamic upwelling regime at the shelf breaks flushes significant amounts of suspended matter from the mesopelagic ocean across the shelf break as indicated by amino acid monomer patterns of suspended matter.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2016.09.001} (DOI). Nagel, B.; Gaye, B.; Lahajnar, N.; Struck, U.; Emeis, K.: Effects of current regimes and oxygenation on particulate matter preservation on the Namibian shelf: Insights from amino acid biogeochemistry. Marine Chemistry. 2016. vol. 186, 121-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2016.09.001}}
@misc{irrgeher_application_of_2016, 
author={Irrgeher, J.,Prohaska, T.},
title={Application of non-traditional stable isotopes in analytical ecogeochemistry assessed by MC ICP-MS - A critical review},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-9025-3},
abstract = {Analytical ecogeochemistry is an evolving scientific field dedicated to the development of analytical methods and tools and their application to ecological questions. Traditional stable isotopic systems have been widely explored and have undergone continuous development during the last century. The variations of the isotopic composition of light elements (H, O, N, C, and S) have provided the foundation of stable isotope analysis followed by the analysis of traditional geochemical isotope tracers (e.g., Pb, Sr, Nd, Hf). Questions in a considerable diversity of scientific fields have been addressed, many of which can be assigned to the field of ecogeochemistry. Over the past 15 years, other stable isotopes (e.g., Li, Zn, Cu, Cl) have emerged gradually as novel tools for the investigation of scientific topics that arise in ecosystem research and have enabled novel discoveries and explorations. These systems are often referred to as non-traditional isotopes. The small isotopic differences of interest that are increasingly being addressed for a growing number of isotopic systems represent a challenge to the analytical scientist and push the limits of today’s instruments constantly. This underlines the importance of a metrologically sound concept of analytical protocols and procedures and a solid foundation of data processing strategies and uncertainty considerations before these small isotopic variations can be interpreted in the context of applied ecosystem research. This review focuses on the development of isotope research in ecogeochemistry, the requirements for successful detection of small isotopic shifts, and highlights the most recent and innovative applications in the field.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-9025-3} (DOI). Irrgeher, J.; Prohaska, T.: Application of non-traditional stable isotopes in analytical ecogeochemistry assessed by MC ICP-MS - A critical review. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2016. vol. 408, no. 2, 369-385. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9025-3}}
@misc{hanousek_the_performance_2016, 
author={Hanousek, O.,Brunner, M.,Proefrock, D.,Irrgeher, J.,Prohaska, T.},
title={The performance of single and multi-collector ICP-MS instruments for fast and reliable 34S/32S isotope ratio measurements},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/C6AY02177H},
abstract = {The performance and validation characteristics of different single collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers based on different technical principles (ICP-SFMS, ICP-QMS in reaction and collision modes, and ICP-MS/MS) were evaluated in comparison to the performance of MC ICP-MS for fast and reliable S isotope ratio measurements. The validation included the determination of LOD, BEC, measurement repeatability, within-lab reproducibility and deviation from certified values as well as a study on instrumental isotopic fractionation (IIF) and the calculation of the combined standard measurement uncertainty. Different approaches of correction for IIF applying external intra-elemental IIF correction (aka standard-sample bracketing) using certified S reference materials and internal inter-elemental IIF (aka internal standardization) correction using Si isotope ratios in MC ICP-MS are explained and compared. The resulting combined standard uncertainties of examined ICP-QMS systems were not better than 0.3–0.5% (uc,rel), which is in general insufficient to differentiate natural S isotope variations. Although the performance of the single collector ICP-SFMS is better (single measurement uc,rel = 0.08%), the measurement reproducibility (>0.2%) is the major limit of this system and leaves room for improvement. MC ICP-MS operated in the edge mass resolution mode, applying bracketing for correction of IIF, provided isotope ratio values with the highest quality (relative combined measurement uncertainty: 0.02%; deviation from the certified value: <0.002%).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/C6AY02177H} (DOI). Hanousek, O.; Brunner, M.; Proefrock, D.; Irrgeher, J.; Prohaska, T.: The performance of single and multi-collector ICP-MS instruments for fast and reliable 34S/32S isotope ratio measurements. Analytical Methods. 2016. vol. 8, no. 42, 7661-7672. DOI: 10.1039/C6AY02177H}}
@misc{kruegergenge_shear_resistance_2016, 
author={Krueger-Genge, A.,Jung, F.,Fuhrmann, R.,Franke, R.-P.},
title={Shear resistance of endothelial cells in a pathological environment},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168111},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Endothelial cells (EC) in vivo are strongly influenced by changes of the milieu exterieur. Under pathological conditions EC can become activated e.g. in hypoxic areas or during sepsis. In general, the endothelialization of implant materials is evaluated in vitro under physiological conditions. Though, in patients who receive implant materials pathological conditions are often present. An open question is therefore, how ECs seeded on a body foreign substrate behave in a pathologic microenvironment. In this in vitro study a microenvironment was created mimicking the conditions present in septic patients. To simulate this situation in vitro, serum of patients with septic shock was added to the culture medium of EC cultured on glass. The samples were sheared in a cone-plate rheometer (shear rate of 6 dyn/cm2) with subsequent analysis of the morphology, the microfilament organization and the shear resistance and compared to control cultures of EC without shock serum supplementation. Aim of the study was to investigate whether this in vitro model provides information about the functionality of an EC monolayer on a body foreign surface under pathological conditions.,RESULTS: Septic conditions induced severe changes of the morphology of the adherent cells: there was a strong induction of stress fibers. In addition, lots of cells or cell groups were detached visible as denuded areas in the EC monolayer. After shear stress exposure only 28.7% of EC seeded in cell medium supplemented with serum of septic patients remained adherent (control cells: 96.8%).,CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that the microenvironment is of extreme importance for the behavior of EC and that in vivo pathologies can be simulated in vitro. This opens the possibility to evaluate new implant materials under physiological but more important also under certain pathological conditions - simulating the implant size and the disease of the host.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168111} (DOI). Krueger-Genge, A.; Jung, F.; Fuhrmann, R.; Franke, R.: Shear resistance of endothelial cells in a pathological environment. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2016. vol. 64, no. 3, 383-389. DOI: 10.3233/CH-168111}}
@misc{mandlik_prefabrication_and_2016, 
author={Mandlik, V.,Kehrer, A.,Jiga, L.,Hoinoiu, B.,Ionac, M.,Jung, F.,Staudenmaier, R.,Prantl, L.},
title={Prefabrication and free transfer of a Tissue Engineered Composite Flap – An experimental model in the rat},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/C-168120},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The technique of flap-prefabrication has been successfully established in tissue engineering: missing intrinsic vascularisation of engineered tissue can be generated in vivo by microsurgical vesselloop construction. It is possible to move engineered tissue into a defect with microsurgery. In the literature, the combination of engineered tissue covered with skin is not widely reported.,OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study was to establish a model to investigate scaffold prefabrication with full thickness skin graft coverage with subsequent free tissue transfer.,METHODS: 8 Wistar rats were operated in 2 separate steps: 1) after creating an arteriovenous loop with the femoral vessels, a porous scaffold was placed on the loop and covered with an inguinally based skin flap. A control was implanted without loop into the contralateral groin. 2) 6 weeks later the prefabricated composite flaps were microsurgically transferred to the cervical region. Skin-island monitoring was performed with Laser Doppler-scanner after the transfer.,RESULTS: Continuous loss of the skin islands was observed within 72 hours. Complications included wound-dehiscence, thrombosis and death from anaesthesia; in spite of consistent loop viability.,CONCLUSION: Evaluation showed that modifications are necessary to maintain the skin-island cove.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/C-168120} (DOI). Mandlik, V.; Kehrer, A.; Jiga, L.; Hoinoiu, B.; Ionac, M.; Jung, F.; Staudenmaier, R.; Prantl, L.: Prefabrication and free transfer of a Tissue Engineered Composite Flap – An experimental model in the rat. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2016. vol. 64, no. 3, 319-331. DOI: 10.3233/C-168120}}
@misc{lamby_effect_of_2016, 
author={Lamby, P.,Jung, F.,Falter, J.,Mrowietz, C.,Graf, S.,Schellenberg, L.,Platz Batista da Silva, N.,Prantl, L.,Franke, R.-P.,Jung, E.M.},
title={Effect of radiographic contrast media on renal perfusion – First results},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168110},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intra-arterial administration of radiographic contrast media (CM) is discussed to impair renal perfusion. The pathogenesis of contrast-induced Nephropathy (CIN) is still not clarified.,OBJECTIVE: This trial was performed to prove the effects of two CM with different molecular structure on renal perfusion.,METHODS: A prospective, randomized study on 16 pigs was designed to compare the outcome after application of a low-osmolar iodinated CM (770 mOsm/kg H2O – Group1) and an iso-osmolar iodinated CM (290 mOsm/kg H2o – Group2).,Color Coded Doppler Sonography (LOGIQ E9, GE, Milwaukee, USA) was applied for measuring the Renal Resistive Index (RRI) before and after the first, fifth, and tenth bolus of CM. Statistics was performed using analysis of variance for repeated measurements with the Factor “CM”.,RESULTS: All flow spectra were documented free of artifacts and Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), Enddiastolic Velocity (EDV) and RRI respectively could be calculated. Mean PSV in Group 1 led to a decrease while in Group 2 PSV showed a significant increase after CM (p = 0,042). The course of the mean EDV in both groups deferred accordingly (p = 0,033). Mean RRI over time significantly deferred in both groups (p = 0,001). It showed a biphasic course in Group 2 and a decrease over time in Group 2.,CONCLUSION: While iso-osmolar CM induced an increase of PSV and EDV together with a decrease of RRI, low-osmolar CM could not show this effect or rather led to the opposite.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168110} (DOI). Lamby, P.; Jung, F.; Falter, J.; Mrowietz, C.; Graf, S.; Schellenberg, L.; Platz Batista da Silva, N.; Prantl, L.; Franke, R.; Jung, E.: Effect of radiographic contrast media on renal perfusion – First results. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2016. vol. 64, no. 3, 287-295. DOI: 10.3233/CH-168110}}
@misc{dong_a_highly_2016, 
author={Dong, C.,Liu, Z.,Liu, J.,Wu, C.,Neumann, F.,Wang, H.,Schaefer-Korting, M.,Kleuser, B.,Chang, J.,Li, W.,Ma, N.,Haag, R.},
title={A Highly Photostable Hyperbranched Polyglycerol-Based NIR Fluorescence Nanoplatform for Mitochondria-Specific Cell Imaging},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201600212},
abstract = {Considering the critical role of mitochondria in the life and death of cells, non-invasive long-term tracking of mitochondria has attracted considerable interest. However, a high-performance mitochondria-specific labeling probe with high photostability is still lacking. Herein a highly photostable hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG)-based near-infrared (NIR) quantum dots (QDs) nanoplatform is reported for mitochondria-specific cell imaging. Comprising NIR Zn-Cu-In-S/ZnS QDs as extremely photostable fluorescent labels and alkyl chain (C12)/triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-functionalized hPG derivatives as protective shell, the tailored QDs@hPG-C12/TPP nanoprobe with a hydrodynamic diameter of about 65 nm exhibits NIR fluorescence, excellent biocompatibility, good stability, and mitochondria-targeted ability. Cell uptake experiments demonstrate that QDs@hPG-C12/TPP displays a significantly enhanced uptake in HeLa cells compared to nontargeted QDs@hPG-C12. Further co-localization study indicates that the probe selectively targets mitochondria. Importantly, compared with commercial deep-red mitochondria dyes, QDs@hPG-C12/TPP possesses superior photostability under continuous laser irradiation, indicating great potential for long-term mitochondria labeling and tracking. Moreover, drug-loaded QDs@hPG-C12/TPP display an enhanced tumor cell killing efficacy compared to nontargeted drugs. This work could open the door to the construction of organelle-targeted multifunctional nanoplatforms for precise diagnosis and high-efficient tumor therapy.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201600212} (DOI). Dong, C.; Liu, Z.; Liu, J.; Wu, C.; Neumann, F.; Wang, H.; Schaefer-Korting, M.; Kleuser, B.; Chang, J.; Li, W.; Ma, N.; Haag, R.: A Highly Photostable Hyperbranched Polyglycerol-Based NIR Fluorescence Nanoplatform for Mitochondria-Specific Cell Imaging. Advanced Healthcare Materials. 2016. vol. 5, no. 17, 2214-2226. DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600212}}
@misc{braune_strategy_for_2016, 
author={Braune, S.,Basu, S.,Kratz, K.,Johansson, J.B.,Reinthaler, M.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Strategy for the hemocompatibility testing of microparticles},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168114},
abstract = {Polymer-based microparticles are applied as non-thrombogenic or thrombogenic materials in a wide variety of intra- or extra-corporeal medical devices. As demanded by the regulatory agencies, the hemocompatibility of these blood contacting biomaterials has to be evaluated in vitro to ensure that the particle systems appropriately fulfill the envisioned function without causing undesired events such as thrombosis or inflammation. Currently described in vitro assays for hemocompatibility testing of particles comprise tests with different single cell types (e.g. erythrocytes or leukocytes), varying concentrations/dilutions of the used blood cells or whole blood, which are not standardized.,Here, we report about an in vitro dynamic test system for studying the hemocompatibility of polymeric microparticles utilizing fresh human whole blood from apparently healthy subjects, collected and processed under standardized conditions. Spherical poly(ether imide) microparticles with an average diameter of 140±30 μm were utilized as model systems. Reported as candidate materials for the removal of uremic toxins, these microparticles are anticipated to facilitate optimal flow conditions in a dialyzer with minimal backflow and blood cell damage. Pristine (PEI) and potassium hydroxide (PEI-KOH) functionalized microparticles exhibited similarly nanoporous surfaces (PEI: ØExternal pore = 90±60 nm; PEI-KOH ØExternal pore = 150±130 nm) but varying water wettabilities (PEI: θadv = 112±10° PEI-KOH θadv = 60±2°). The nanoporosity of the microparticle surfaces allows the exchange of toxic solutes from blood towards the interconnective pores in the particle core, while an immigration of the substantially larger blood cells is inhibited.,Sterilized PEI microparticles were incorporated –air-free –in a syringe-based test system and exposed to whole blood for 60 minutes under gentle agitation. Thereafter, thrombi formation on the particles surfaces were analyzed microscopically. In the collected whole blood the non-adherent/circulating single blood cells were quantified via a differentiated complete blood cell count and the activation of platelets (P-Selectin expression, secretion and release), platelet function (PFA100 closure time) as well as thrombin formation (thrombin-antithrombin-complex) was analyzed. Free hemoglobin (HGB) levels were quantified as a measure of hemolysis.,Microscopic evaluation revealed thrombi formation and particle aggregates for all tested microparticles. Reduction of circulating blood cells differed significantly between the particle types. Particularly, platelet and monocyte counts decreased up to 50% compared to the control (syringe filled with whole blood but without microparticles). In accordance, platelet activation, thrombin levels and degrees of hemolysis were clearly elevated in the particle loaded test systems and allowed a differentiation between the particle types. Increased PFA100 closure times (as activating agent a combination of collagen/ADP was used) indicated a similarly reduced ability of platelets to adhere and form stable aggregates independent from the particle type tested. This observation is most probably a consequence of the strong thrombus formation in the test system, which is associated with a reduction of the circulating blood cells.,The reported in vitro dynamic whole blood test system allowed the sensitive analysis of the hemocompatibility of polymer-based microparticles and was successfully validated for porous PEI microparticles with different water wettabilities. Beyond the qualitative and quantitative analysis of cell-material interactions, the test also allowed the functional evaluation of platelets in whole blood.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168114} (DOI). Braune, S.; Basu, S.; Kratz, K.; Johansson, J.; Reinthaler, M.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Strategy for the hemocompatibility testing of microparticles. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2016. vol. 64, no. 3, 345-353. DOI: 10.3233/CH-168114}}
@misc{wilbring_reduced_incidence_2016, 
author={Wilbring, M.,Jung, F.,Weber, C.,Matschke, K.,Knaut, M.},
title={Reduced Incidence of Thromboembolic Events After Surgical Closure of Left Atrial Appendage in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1097/IMI.0000000000000231},
abstract = {Objective: Most of the detected thrombi in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) can be found in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Interventional LAA closure recently proved to be noninferior to warfarin therapy. Whether these results can be fully translated into surgical LAA closure remains unclear. Corresponding data are still lacking. The present observational study evaluated the impact of surgical LAA closure in patients with AF undergoing cardiac surgery on postoperative thromboembolic events.,Methods: A prospective registry enrolled 398 patients with permanent AF undergoing cardiac surgery. Concomitant procedures were isolated surgical ablation (group I, n = 71), isolated LAA closure (group II, n = 44), and combined surgical ablation and LAA closure (group III, n = 196). The control group consisted of 87 patients without concomitant surgical ablation or LAA closure. One-year follow-up was completed in all patients. End points were thromboembolic events and death from any cause.,Results: Clinical baseline characteristics were comparable among the groups. General hospital mortality was 5.5% and likewise differed not significantly. Postoperatively, mean (SD) CHAD2S2-VASc score of 3.5 (1.3) differed not significantly among the groups, indicating comparable thromboembolic risk. Follow-up referred to all hospital survivors (n = 376). Herein, overall incidence of thromboembolic events was 9.8% (n = 37), with an associated mortality of 41.0%. Patients with LAA closure alone or in combination with surgical ablation had a significantly reduced incidence of thromboembolic events (6.6% vs 20.5%, P < 0.01) and consecutively improved survival after 1 year of follow-up (7.0% vs 17.1%, P < 0.01).,Conclusions: Left atrial appendage closure alone or in combination with surgical ablation was associated with a significantly reduced rate of thromboembolic events and consecutively improved survival after 1 year of follow-up.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1097/IMI.0000000000000231} (DOI). Wilbring, M.; Jung, F.; Weber, C.; Matschke, K.; Knaut, M.: Reduced Incidence of Thromboembolic Events After Surgical Closure of Left Atrial Appendage in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Innovations. 2016. vol. 11, no. 1, 24-30. DOI: 10.1097/IMI.0000000000000231}}
@misc{kaessmeyer_organotypic_softtissue_2016, 
author={Kaessmeyer, S.,Sehl, J.,Khiao In, M.,Hiebl, B.,Merle, R.,Jung, F.,Franke, R.P.,Plendl, J.},
title={Organotypic soft-tissue co-cultures: Morphological changes in microvascular endothelial tubes after incubation with iodinated contrast media},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168119},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Clinical complications like thrombosis or anaphylaxis have been described to go along with the intra-venous or intra-arterial injection of iodinated contrast media (CM). It has been suggested that the administration of CM affects rheological parameters and thereby causes reduced blood velocity in microvessels. In vitro studies revealed significant buckling of endothelial cells after exposure to CM reducing the lumen of vessels. The aim of this study was to test the influence of CM on three-dimensional microvascular tubules with open lumina within an organotypic soft-tissue co-culture assay in vitro. This model, which is based on the co-culture of endothelial cells and fibroblasts, allows the analysis and quantitation of different parameters of microvascular endothelial capillary structures.,MATERIAL AND METHODS: Human dermal fibroblasts and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells were co-cultured for 10 days. Fibroblasts were adapted to the endothelial cell medium before co-culture and allowed to proliferate as well as produce extracellular matrix. The co-cultures were exposed to three different CM, i.e., Iomeprol (Imeron 400MCT), Iodixanol (Visipaque 320) or Iohexol (Accupaque 350) for 1.5 minutes or 5.0 minutes, respectively. For this, a mixture of CM and cell culture medium in a ratio of 30% CM by volume was prepared. After fixation in methanol/acetone, the endothelial cells were immunolabeled with the endothelial marker anti-CD31 and the tubular structures were assessed morphometrically.,RESULTS: In the organotypic soft-tissue co-cultures with fibroblasts, the endothelial cells developed three-dimensional capillary-like structures which expanded via sprouting branches. After incubation with the different CM, the numbers of endothelial tubes (p = 0.001) and their lengths (p = 0.003) were significantly lower after the 5 minutes incubation time, when compared to the 1.5 minutes incubation time. The tubular diameters were significantly reduced after 5 minutes (p < 0.001), when compared to the 1.5 minutes incubation duration. Interestingly, Iomeprol and Iodixanol induced an elongation of the tubular branches during incubation duration of 1.5 minutes (p = 0.015). However, after 5 minutes incubation, the tubular branches were drastically shorter in the presence of Iomeprol and Iodixanol than the tubular branches of the control (p = 0.007).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168119} (DOI). Kaessmeyer, S.; Sehl, J.; Khiao In, M.; Hiebl, B.; Merle, R.; Jung, F.; Franke, R.; Plendl, J.: Organotypic soft-tissue co-cultures: Morphological changes in microvascular endothelial tubes after incubation with iodinated contrast media. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2016. vol. 64, no. 3, 391-402. DOI: 10.3233/CH-168119}}
@misc{tzoneva_angiogenic_potential_2016, 
author={Tzoneva, R.,Uzunova, V.,Apostolova, S.,Krueger-Genge, A.,Neffe, A.T.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Angiogenic potential of endothelial and tumor cells seeded on gelatin–based hydrogels in response to electrical stimulations},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168040},
abstract = {Angiogenesis is one of the key processes during development, wound healing and tumor formation. Prerequisite for its existence is the presence of endogenous electrical fields (EFs) generated by active ion transport across polarized epithelia and endothelia, and appearance of the transcellular potentials. During angiogenesis cellular factor as endothelial growth factor (VEGF), synthesis of adhesive proteins and membrane metalloproteinases (MMPs) govern the angiogenic response to different external stimuli as biomaterials interactions and/or exogenous EF. Gelatin-based hydrogels with elasticities comparable to human tissues have shown to influence cell behavior as well as cell attachment, protein synthesis, VEGF and MMP’s production after the application of EF. Gelatin-based matrices with 3 (G10_LNCO3), 5 (G10_LNCO5), and 8 (G10_LNCO8) fold excess of isocyanate groups per mol of amine groups present in gelatin were used. Human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) (Lonza Basel, Switzerland) and highly invasive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells (ATCC®HTB-26TM) were used. For an estimation of the amount of VEGF released from cells a commercially available VEGF ELISA (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germany) kit was used. Fibronectin (FN) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used to analyze the secreted amount of FN by cells seeded on the materials. Secreted MMPs were analyzed by zymography. Gelatin-based hydrogels attracted HUVEC adhesion and diminished the adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells. The applied direct current (DC) EF induced an almost 5–fold increase in VEGF production by HUVEC seeded on gelatin-based hydrogels, while in contrast, the applied EF decreased the production of VEGF by cancer cells. FN synthesis was elevated in HUVEC cells seeded on gelatin-based materials in comparison to FN synthesis by cancer cells. HUVEC seeded on gelatin hydrogels showed an expression mainly of MMP-2. The application of EF increased the production of MMP-2 in HUVEC seeded on gelatin materials. In contrast, for MDA-MB-231 the production of MMPs on gelatin materials was lower compared to control materials. With the application of EF the levels of MMP-9 decreased but MMP-2 expression raised significantly for gelatin materials. Overall, the results showed that studied gelatin materials suppressed attachment of cancerous cells, as well as suppressed their angiogenic potential revealed by decreased VEGF and MMP production. Thus, this study approved gelatin-based hydrogels with proper elasticity characteristics and different degradation behavior as useful matrices for use in vascular tissue regeneration or in restriction of tumor growth after tumor resection.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168040} (DOI). Tzoneva, R.; Uzunova, V.; Apostolova, S.; Krueger-Genge, A.; Neffe, A.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Angiogenic potential of endothelial and tumor cells seeded on gelatin–based hydrogels in response to electrical stimulations. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2016. vol. 64, no. 4, 941-949. DOI: 10.3233/CH-168040}}
@misc{gerk_effect_of_2016, 
author={Gerk, U.,Mrowietz, C.,Sternitzky, R.,Franke, R.P.,Spitzer, S.G.,Jung, F.},
title={Effect of Ioxaglate on the cutaneous microcirculation in patients with coronary artery disease: Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168101},
abstract = {Radiographic contrast media (RCM) can initiate microcirculatory disorders. This study was performed to investigate effects of Ioxaglate on the cutaneous microcirculation. The investigation was carried out as prospective randomized double-blind comparison in parallel-group design on two groups of n = 10 patients each who had to undergo a diagnostic coronary angiography.,The confirmatory parameter of the study was mean erythrocyte capillary velocity [vRBC in mm/sec]. VRBC in the ipsilateral nail-fold capillaries was recorded continuously for 3 min before and 6 min after injection of RCM or isotonic saline solution in the A. axillaris respectively, and was evaluated off-line.,VRBC in nailfold capillaries was found to be decreased by Ioxaglate by 34% 150 seconds after injection, while isotonic NaCl solution immediately induced a slight increase of 14%.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168101} (DOI). Gerk, U.; Mrowietz, C.; Sternitzky, R.; Franke, R.; Spitzer, S.; Jung, F.: Effect of Ioxaglate on the cutaneous microcirculation in patients with coronary artery disease: Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2016. vol. 64, no. 3, 297-304. DOI: 10.3233/CH-168101}}
@misc{reinthaler_platelets_and_2016, 
author={Reinthaler, M.,Braune, S.,Lendlein, A.,Landmesser, U.,Jung, F.},
title={Platelets and coronary artery disease: Interactions with the blood vessel wall and cardiovascular devices},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4953246},
abstract = {In view of the rare presence of studies concerning platelet function as risk factor in atherosclerotic patients, processes underlying thromboembolic events are reviewed in this paper. The morphology and the structural organization—membrane receptors, the open canalicular and dense tubular systems, the cytoskeleton, mitochondria, granules, lysosomes, and peroxisomes—of platelets are described. Platelet function under physiological conditions in atherosclerosis and after implantation of cardiovascular devices is summarized.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4953246} (DOI). Reinthaler, M.; Braune, S.; Lendlein, A.; Landmesser, U.; Jung, F.: Platelets and coronary artery disease: Interactions with the blood vessel wall and cardiovascular devices. Biointerphases. 2016. vol. 11, no. 2, 029702. DOI: 10.1116/1.4953246}}
@misc{schulz_generating_aptamers_2016, 
author={Schulz, C.,Hecht, J.,Krueger-Genge, A.,Kratz, K.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Generating Aptamers Interacting with Polymeric Surfaces for Biofunctionalization},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201600319},
abstract = {Common strategies for biofunctionalization of surfaces comprise the immobilization of bioactive molecules used as cell-binding ligands for cell recruitment. Besides covalent binding, multivalent noncovalent physical forces between substrate and ligand are an alternative way to equip surfaces with biomacromolecules. In this study, polymer binding ligands are screened by means of a DNA-based in vitro selection process. As candidate biomaterials poly(ether imide) (PEI), polystyrene, and poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] are selected, due to their different chemical structure, but similar macroscopic interface properties, allowing physical interaction with nucleotide bases by varying valences. Multivalent interacting aptamers are successfully enriched by SELEX method and an area-wide surface functionalization is achieved, which can be used for further binding of bioactive molecules. In vitro selection against the polymers result in thymine-dominated aptamer binding motifs. The preferential interaction with thymine is attributed to its chemical structure, connected with a decreased electrostatic repulsion of the π-system and the hydrophobic character maximizing entropy. The aptamer binding stability correlates with available valences for interaction, resulting in a more stable functionalization of PEI.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201600319} (DOI). Schulz, C.; Hecht, J.; Krueger-Genge, A.; Kratz, K.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Generating Aptamers Interacting with Polymeric Surfaces for Biofunctionalization. Macromolecular Bioscience. 2016. vol. 16, no. 12, 1776-1791. DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600319}}
@misc{hytoenen_activation_of_2016, 
author={Hytoenen, J.,Leppaenen, O.,Braesen, J.H.,Schunck, W.-H.,Mueller, D.,Jung, F.,Mrowietz, C.,Jastroch, M.,Bergwelt-Baildon, M.V.,Kappert, K.,Heuser, A.,Drenckhahn, J.-D.,Pieske, B.,Thierfelder, L.,Ylae-Herttuala, S.,Blaschke, F.},
title={Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-Delta as Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Prevent In-Stent Restenosis and Stent Thrombosis},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306962},
abstract = {Objective—Drug-eluting coronary stents reduce restenosis rate and late lumen loss compared with bare-metal stents; however, drug-eluting coronary stents may delay vascular healing and increase late stent thrombosis. The peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-delta (PPARδ) exhibits actions that could favorably influence outcomes after drug-eluting coronary stents placement.,Approach and Results—Here, we report that PPARδ ligand–coated stents strongly reduce the development of neointima and luminal narrowing in a rabbit model of experimental atherosclerosis. Inhibition of inflammatory gene expression and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, prevention of thrombocyte activation and aggregation, and proproliferative effects on endothelial cells were identified as key mechanisms for the prevention of restenosis. Using normal and PPARδ-depleted VSMCs, we show that the observed effects of PPARδ ligand GW0742 on VSMCs and thrombocytes are PPARδ receptor dependent. PPARδ ligand treatment induces expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 and downregulates the glucose transporter 1 in VSMCs, thus impairing the ability of VSMCs to provide the increased energy demands required for growth factor–stimulated proliferation and migration.,Conclusions—In contrast to commonly used drugs for stent coating, PPARδ ligands not only inhibit inflammatory response and proliferation of VSMCs but also prevent thrombocyte activation and support vessel re-endothelialization. Thus, pharmacological PPARδ activation could be a promising novel strategy to improve drug-eluting coronary stents outcomes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306962} (DOI). Hytoenen, J.; Leppaenen, O.; Braesen, J.; Schunck, W.; Mueller, D.; Jung, F.; Mrowietz, C.; Jastroch, M.; Bergwelt-Baildon, M.; Kappert, K.; Heuser, A.; Drenckhahn, J.; Pieske, B.; Thierfelder, L.; Ylae-Herttuala, S.; Blaschke, F.: Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-Delta as Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Prevent In-Stent Restenosis and Stent Thrombosis. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology : ATVB. 2016. vol. 36, no. 8, 1534-1548. DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306962}}
@misc{tondera_gelatinbased_hydrogel_2016, 
author={Tondera, C.,Hauser, S.,Krueger-Genge, A.,Jung, F.,Neffe, A.T.,Lendlein, A.,Klopfleisch, R.,Steinbach, J.,Neuber, C.,Pietzsch, J.},
title={Gelatin-based Hydrogel Degradation and Tissue Interaction in vivo: Insights from Multimodal Preclinical Imaging in Immunocompetent Nude Mice},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.16614},
abstract = {Hydrogels based on gelatin have evolved as promising multifunctional biomaterials. Gelatin is crosslinked with lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester (LDI) and the molar ratio of gelatin and LDI in the starting material mixture determines elastic properties of the resulting hydrogel. In order to investigate the clinical potential of these biopolymers, hydrogels with different ratios of gelatin and diisocyanate (3-fold (G10_LNCO3) and 8-fold (G10_LNCO8) molar excess of isocyanate groups) were subcutaneously implanted in mice (uni- or bilateral implantation). Degradation and biomaterial-tissue-interaction were investigated in vivo (MRI, optical imaging, PET) and ex vivo (autoradiography, histology, serum analysis). Multimodal imaging revealed that the number of covalent net points correlates well with degradation time, which allows for targeted modification of hydrogels based on properties of the tissue to be replaced. Importantly, the degradation time was also dependent on the number of implants per animal. Despite local mechanisms of tissue remodeling no adverse tissue responses could be observed neither locally nor systemically. Finally, this preclinical investigation in immunocompetent mice clearly demonstrated a complete restoration of the original healthy tissue.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.16614} (DOI). Tondera, C.; Hauser, S.; Krueger-Genge, A.; Jung, F.; Neffe, A.; Lendlein, A.; Klopfleisch, R.; Steinbach, J.; Neuber, C.; Pietzsch, J.: Gelatin-based Hydrogel Degradation and Tissue Interaction in vivo: Insights from Multimodal Preclinical Imaging in Immunocompetent Nude Mice. Theranostics. 2016. vol. 6, no. 12, 2114-2128. DOI: 10.7150/thno.16614}}
@misc{schulz_monolayer_formation_2016, 
author={Schulz, C.,Vukicevic, R.,Krueger-Genge, A.,Neffe, A.T.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Monolayer formation and shear-resistance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells on gelatin-based hydrogels with tailorable elsticity and degradability},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168007},
abstract = {The formation of a functionally-confluent and shear-resistant endothelial cell monolayer on cardiovascular implants is a promising strategy to prevent thrombogenic processes after implantation. On the basis of existing studies with arterial endothelial cells adhering after two hours on gelatin-based hydrogels in marked higher numbers compared to tissue culture plates, we hypothesize that also venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) should be able to adhere and form an endothelial monolayer on these hydrogels after days. Furthermore, variation of the hydrogel composition, which slightly influences the materials elasticity and even more the degradation behaviour, should have no considerable effect on HUVEC. Therefore, the monolayer formation and shear resistance of HUVEC were explored on two gelatin-based hydrogels differing in their elasticity (Young’s moduli between 35 and 55 kPa) in comparison to a positive control (HUVEC on glass cover slips) and a negative control (HUVEC on glass cover slips activated with interleukin-1β) after 9 days of culturing. HUVEC density after 9 days of culturing under static conditions was lower on the hydrogels compared to both controls (p < 0.05 each). On G10_LNCO8 slightly more EC adhered than on G10_LNCO5. Staining of the actin cytoskeleton and VE-cadherin revealed a pronounced cell-substrate interaction while the cell-cell interaction was comparable to the controls (HUVEC on glass). The secretion of vasoactive and inflammatory mediators did not differ between the hydrogels and the controls. Adherent HUVEC seeded on the hydrogels were able to resist physiological shear forces and the release of cyto- and chemokines in response to the shear forces did not differ from controls (HUVEC on glass). Therefore, both gelatin-based hydrogels are a suitable substrate for EC and a promising candidate for cardiovascular applications.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168007} (DOI). Schulz, C.; Vukicevic, R.; Krueger-Genge, A.; Neffe, A.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Monolayer formation and shear-resistance of human umbilical vein endothelial cells on gelatin-based hydrogels with tailorable elsticity and degradability. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2016. vol. 64, no. 4, 699-710. DOI: 10.3233/CH-168007}}
@misc{kruegergenge_effects_of_2016, 
author={Krueger-Genge, A.,Jung, F.,Fuhrmann, R.,Franke, R.-P.},
title={Effects of different components of the extracellular matrix on endothelialization},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168051},
abstract = {The endothelialization of cardiovascular prostheses is known to improve their haemocompatibility. As such body-foreign materials often do not endothelialize spontaneously. A lot of in vitro studies are ongoing how endothelialization of biomaterials can be improved. In this study the influence of different components of a tissue-typical extracellular matrix (ECM) like laminin, fibronectin or gelatin on the formation of an endothelial cell monolayer and on the shear resistance of adherent cells on these substrates was studied.The study revealed that the density of human venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) monolayers differed markedly between cells grown on a natural ECM and cells grown on singularized components of an ECM (p < 0.001). Only HUVEC grown on laminin showed similar densities and a stress fiber pattern comparable to HUVEC grown on the ECM. HUVEC grown on gelatin- or fibronectin-coated coverslips were less firmly attached to the substrate; frequently individual HUVEC and even groups of cells detached.Concluding it seems that coating of implants with laminin supports the formation of shear resistant endothelial cell (EC) monolayer - superior to other ECM components.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-168051} (DOI). Krueger-Genge, A.; Jung, F.; Fuhrmann, R.; Franke, R.: Effects of different components of the extracellular matrix on endothelialization. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2016. vol. 64, no. 4, 867-874. DOI: 10.3233/CH-168051}}
@misc{richter_an_interlaboratory_2016, 
author={Richter, J.,Elordui-Zapatarietxe, S.,Emteborg, H.,Fettig, I.,Cabillic, J.,Alasonati, E.,Gantois, F.,Swart, C.,gokcen, T.,Tunc, M.,Binici, B.,Rodriguez-Cea, A.,Zuliani, T.,Gonzalez Gago, A.,Proefrock, D.,Nousiainen, M.,Sawal, G.,Buzoianu, M.,Philipp, R.},
title={An interlaboratory comparison on whole water samples},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-015-1190-8},
abstract = {The European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC requires monitoring of organic priority pollutants in so-called whole water samples, i.e. in aqueous non-filtered samples that contain natural colloidal and suspended particulate matter. Colloids and suspended particles in the liquid phase constitute a challenge for sample homogeneity and stability. Within the joint research project ENV08 “Traceable measurements for monitoring critical pollutants under the European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC”, whole water test materials were developed by spiking defined amounts of aqueous slurries of ultra-finely milled contaminated soil or sediment and aqueous solutions of humic acid into a natural mineral water matrix. This paper presents the results of an European-wide interlaboratory comparison (ILC) using this type of test materials. Target analytes were tributyltin, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ng/L concentration range. Results of the ILC indicate that the produced materials are sufficiently homogeneous and stable to serve as samples for, e.g. proficiency testing or method validation. To our knowledge, this is the first time that ready-to-use water materials with a defined amount of suspended particulate and colloidal matter have been applied as test samples in an interlaboratory exercise. These samples meet the requirements of the European Water Framework Directive. Previous proficiency testing schemes mainly employed filtered water samples fortified with a spike of the target analyte in a water-miscible organic solvent.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-015-1190-8} (DOI). Richter, J.; Elordui-Zapatarietxe, S.; Emteborg, H.; Fettig, I.; Cabillic, J.; Alasonati, E.; Gantois, F.; Swart, C.; gokcen, T.; Tunc, M.; Binici, B.; Rodriguez-Cea, A.; Zuliani, T.; Gonzalez Gago, A.; Proefrock, D.; Nousiainen, M.; Sawal, G.; Buzoianu, M.; Philipp, R.: An interlaboratory comparison on whole water samples. Accreditation and Quality Assurance. 2016. vol. 21, no. 2, 121-129. DOI: 10.1007/s00769-015-1190-8}}
@misc{petersen_development_and_2016, 
author={Petersen, J.,Proefrock, D.,Paschke, A.,Broekaert, J.A.C.,Prange, A.},
title={Development and field test of a mobile continuous flow system utilizing Chemcatcher for monitoring of rare earth elements in marine environments},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ew00126a},
abstract = {An important limiting factor that hampers accurate determination of the time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations of aqueous micropollutants by passive sampling is unsteady water turbulence, which can cause high variations of the uptake rates of target substances by the samplers during their field exposure. A mobile continuous flow system (MCFS) was developed for the improved utilization of the Chemcatcher passive sampler for time-integrated field monitoring of metals under controlled and reproducible hydrodynamic conditions. The mobile system is based on a specifically designed stirring system integrated in a flow-through cell. This design enables the adjustment of hydrodynamic conditions around the samplers as used in the laboratory calibration experiments. By using this system, the reliability of monitoring data can be improved. A prototype of this mobile continuous flow system was tested during a research cruise in May 2014 (HE422) to collect TWA concentrations for rare earth elements (REEs). The field test covered two areas in the German Bight of the North Sea. The Chemcatcher® results yield TWA concentration levels of REEs between 3.9 ng L−1 and 19.4 ng L−1 for the off-shore (low anthropogenic influence) and between 7.0 ng L−1 and 38.6 ng L−1 for the near-shore (high anthropogenic impact) areas, while the direct measurements of the ultra-trace levels of the REEs in the seawater spot samples were nearly impossible. The successful application of the developed MCFS demonstrated that monitoring with passive samplers on ships is possible with high accuracy under controlled hydrodynamic conditions even at the ultra-trace element concentration levels as typical for off-shore areas.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ew00126a} (DOI). Petersen, J.; Proefrock, D.; Paschke, A.; Broekaert, J.; Prange, A.: Development and field test of a mobile continuous flow system utilizing Chemcatcher for monitoring of rare earth elements in marine environments. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology. 2016. vol. 2, no. 1, 146-153. DOI: 10.1039/c5ew00126a}}
@misc{horsky_evaluation_strategies_2016, 
author={Horsky, M.,Irrgeher, J.,Prohaska, T.},
title={Evaluation strategies and uncertainty calculation of isotope amount ratios measured by MC ICP-MS on the example of Sr},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-9003-9},
abstract = {This paper critically reviews the state-of-the-art of isotope amount ratio measurements by solution-based multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC ICP-MS) and presents guidelines for corresponding data reduction strategies and uncertainty assessments based on the example of n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) isotope ratios. This ratio shows variation attributable to natural radiogenic processes and mass-dependent fractionation. The applied calibration strategies can display these differences. In addition, a proper statement of uncertainty of measurement, including all relevant influence quantities, is a metrological prerequisite. A detailed instructive procedure for the calculation of combined uncertainties is presented for Sr isotope amount ratios using three different strategies of correction for instrumental isotopic fractionation (IIF): traditional internal correction, standard-sample bracketing, and a combination of both, using Zr as internal standard. Uncertainties are quantified by means of a Kragten spreadsheet approach, including the consideration of correlations between individual input parameters to the model equation. The resulting uncertainties are compared with uncertainties obtained from the partial derivatives approach and Monte Carlo propagation of distributions. We obtain relative expanded uncertainties (U rel; k = 2) of n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) of < 0.03 %, when normalization values are not propagated. A comprehensive propagation, including certified values and the internal normalization ratio in nature, increases relative expanded uncertainties by about factor two and the correction for IIF becomes the major contributor.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-9003-9} (DOI). Horsky, M.; Irrgeher, J.; Prohaska, T.: Evaluation strategies and uncertainty calculation of isotope amount ratios measured by MC ICP-MS on the example of Sr. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2016. vol. 408, no. 2, 351-367. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9003-9}}
@misc{sprovieri_atmospheric_mercury_2016, 
author={Sprovieri, F.,Pirrone, N.,Bencardino, M.,D'Amore, F.,Carbone, F.,Cinnirella, S.,Mannarino, V.,Landis, M.,Ebinghaus, R.,Weigelt, A.,Brunke, E.-G.,Labuschagne, C.,Martin, L.,Munthe, J.,Waengberg, I.,Artaxo, P.,Morais, F.,Barbosa, H. D. M. J.,Brito, J.,Cairns, W.,Barbante, C.,Diéguez, M. D. C.,Garcia, P. E.,Dommergue, A.,Angot, H.,Magand, O.,Skov, H.,Horvat, M.,Kotnik, J.,Read, K. A.,Neves, L. M.,Gawlik, B. M.,Sena, F.,Mashyanov, N.,Obolkin, V.,Wip, D.,Feng, X. B.,Zhang, H.,Fu, X.,Ramachandran, R.,Cossa, D.,Knoery, J.,Marusczak, N.,Nerentorp, M.,Norstrom, C.},
title={Atmospheric mercury concentrations observed at ground-based monitoring sites globally distributed in the framework of the GMOS network},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11915-2016},
abstract = {Long-term monitoring of data of ambient mercury (Hg) on a global scale to assess its emission, transport, atmospheric chemistry, and deposition processes is vital to understanding the impact of Hg pollution on the environment. The Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project was funded by the European Commission (http://www.gmos.eu) and started in November 2010 with the overall goal to develop a coordinated global observing system to monitor Hg on a global scale, including a large network of ground-based monitoring stations, ad hoc periodic oceanographic cruises and measurement flights in the lower and upper troposphere as well as in the lower stratosphere. To date, more than 40 ground-based monitoring sites constitute the global network covering many regions where little to no observational data were available before GMOS. This work presents atmospheric Hg concentrations recorded worldwide in the framework of the GMOS project (2010–2015), analyzing Hg measurement results in terms of temporal trends, seasonality and comparability within the network. Major findings highlighted in this paper include a clear gradient of Hg concentrations between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, confirming that the gradient observed is mostly driven by local and regional sources, which can be anthropogenic, natural or a combination of both.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11915-2016} (DOI). Sprovieri, F.; Pirrone, N.; Bencardino, M.; D'Amore, F.; Carbone, F.; Cinnirella, S.; Mannarino, V.; Landis, M.; Ebinghaus, R.; Weigelt, A.; Brunke, E.; Labuschagne, C.; Martin, L.; Munthe, J.; Waengberg, I.; Artaxo, P.; Morais, F.; Barbosa, H.; Brito, J.; Cairns, W.; Barbante, C.; Diéguez, M.; Garcia, P.; Dommergue, A.; Angot, H.; Magand, O.; Skov, H.; Horvat, M.; Kotnik, J.; Read, K.; Neves, L.; Gawlik, B.; Sena, F.; Mashyanov, N.; Obolkin, V.; Wip, D.; Feng, X.; Zhang, H.; Fu, X.; Ramachandran, R.; Cossa, D.; Knoery, J.; Marusczak, N.; Nerentorp, M.; Norstrom, C.: Atmospheric mercury concentrations observed at ground-based monitoring sites globally distributed in the framework of the GMOS network. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. vol. 16, no. 18, 11915-11935. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-11915-2016}}
@misc{suehring_evidence_for_2016, 
author={Suehring, R.,Ortiz, X.,Pena-Abaurrea, M.,Jobst, K.J.,Freese, M.,Pohlmann, J.-D.,Marohn, L.,Ebinghaus, R.,Backus, S.,Hanel, R.,Reiner, E.J.},
title={Evidence for High Concentrations and Maternal Transfer of Substituted Diphenylamines in European Eels Analyzed by Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography–Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04382},
abstract = {Chemical pollution is hypothesized to be one of the factors driving the strong decline of the critically endangered European eel population. Specifically, the impact of contaminants on the quality of spawning eels and subsequent embryo survival and development has been discussed as crucial investigation point. However, so far, only very limited information on potential negative effects of contaminants on the reproduction of eels is available. Through the combination of nontargeted ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and multidimensional gas chromatography, combined with more-conventional targeted analytical approaches and multimedia mass-balance modeling, compounds of particular relevance, and their maternal transfer in artificially matured European eels from the German river Ems have been identified. Substituted diphenylamines were, unexpectedly, found to be the primary organic contaminants in the eel samples, with concentrations in the μg g–1 wet weight range. Furthermore, it could be shown that these contaminants, as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are not merely stored in lipid rich tissue of eels but maternally transferred into gonads and eggs. The results of this study provide unique information on both the fate and behavior of substituted diphenylamines in the environment as well as their relevance as contaminants in European eels.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04382} (DOI). Suehring, R.; Ortiz, X.; Pena-Abaurrea, M.; Jobst, K.; Freese, M.; Pohlmann, J.; Marohn, L.; Ebinghaus, R.; Backus, S.; Hanel, R.; Reiner, E.: Evidence for High Concentrations and Maternal Transfer of Substituted Diphenylamines in European Eels Analyzed by Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography–Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. Environmental Science and Technology. 2016. vol. 50, no. 23, 12678-12685. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04382}}
@misc{huang_occurrence_and_2016, 
author={Huang, W.,Xie, Z.,Yan, W.,Mi, W.,Xu, W.},
title={Occurrence and distribution of synthetic musks and organic UV filters from riverine and coastal sediments in the Pearl River estuary of China},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.018},
abstract = {This study reports the occurrence and distribution of synthetic musks (SMs) and organic UV filters (UVFs) in sediment samples collected in 8 riverine runoffs from the Pearl River and Pearl River estuary (PRE). Here, 6 of the 8 target compounds were detected in all sediments with concentrations ranging from 0.35 ng g− 1 to 456 ng g− 1. Higher concentrations of SMs and UVFs were evident in the eastern outlets compared to the western suggesting greater input of these contaminants from the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. All the compounds showed a decreasing trend toward the seaward side which confirming that riverine runoff was the most important source of SMs and UVFs to the coastal environment. Notably, high levels of SMs and UVFs were detected in two fishing harbors in the PRE area. In comparison to UVFs, the SM compounds exhibited a significant correlation with TOC content in the sediments.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.018} (DOI). Huang, W.; Xie, Z.; Yan, W.; Mi, W.; Xu, W.: Occurrence and distribution of synthetic musks and organic UV filters from riverine and coastal sediments in the Pearl River estuary of China. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2016. vol. 111, no. 1-2, 153-159. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.018}}
@misc{helmholz_seasonal_and_2016, 
author={Helmholz, H.,Ruhnau, C.,Proefrock, D.,Erbsloeh, H.-B.,Prange, A.},
title={Seasonal and annual variations in physiological and biochemical responses from transplanted marine bioindicator species Mytilus spp. during a long term field exposure experiment},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.202},
abstract = {In a pilot field study the long term response of transplanted bioindicator organisms Mytilus spp. was analyzed on the basis of physiological indices and biochemical measurements related to the energy budget. Three different time series with deployment times of eight to twelve months were compared according to seasonality and repeatability of the responses. Test organisms were incubated at a coastal station in the anthropogenically impacted estuary of the river Elbe and at a North Sea station located in vicinity to the Island of Helgoland in the German Bight. The stations differ in their hydrological as well as chemical characteristics. They can be discriminated by statistical factor analysis based on the measured biochemical parameter. Levels of all energy budget biomarker varied between seasons; however, the degree of variation of the specific response was differently expressed. The mussels deployed at Helgoland showed a reproducible high Condition Index in each sampling series and an oscillating Gonadosomatic Index representing the reproduction cycle. The lowest available energy was recorded in mussels at the estuarine sampling station compared to the off-shore station. This may be caused by the energetically costly maintenance of osmotic balance and consequently result in a lower amount of energy available for defense again chemical stress, growth and reproduction.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.202} (DOI). Helmholz, H.; Ruhnau, C.; Proefrock, D.; Erbsloeh, H.; Prange, A.: Seasonal and annual variations in physiological and biochemical responses from transplanted marine bioindicator species Mytilus spp. during a long term field exposure experiment. Science of the Total Environment. 2016. vol. 565, 626-636. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.202}}
@misc{kukkonen_modelling_the_2016, 
author={Kukkonen, J.,Karl, M.,Keuken, M.P.,Gon, H.A.C.D.van der,Denby, B.R.,Singh, V.,Douros, J.,Manders, A.,Samaras, Z.,Moussiopoulos, N.,Jonkers, S.,Aarnio, M.,Karppinen, A.,Kangas, L.,Lutzenkirchen, S.,Petaejae, T.,Vouitsis, I.,Sokhi, R.S.},
title={Modelling the dispersion of particle numbers in five European cities},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-451-2016},
abstract = {We present an overview of the modelling of particle number concentrations (PNCs) in five major European cities, namely Helsinki, Oslo, London, Rotterdam, and Athens, in 2008. Novel emission inventories of particle numbers have been compiled both on urban and European scales. We used atmospheric dispersion modelling for PNCs in the five target cities and on a European scale, and evaluated the predicted results against available measured concentrations. In all the target cities, the concentrations of particle numbers (PNs) were mostly influenced by the emissions originating from local vehicular traffic. The influence of shipping and harbours was also significant for Helsinki, Oslo, Rotterdam, and Athens, but not for London. The influence of the aviation emissions in Athens was also notable. The regional background concentrations were clearly lower than the contributions originating from urban sources in Helsinki, Oslo, and Athens. The regional background was also lower than urban contributions in traffic environments in London, but higher or approximately equal to urban contributions in Rotterdam. It was numerically evaluated that the influence of coagulation and dry deposition on the predicted PNCs was substantial for the urban background in Oslo. The predicted and measured annual average PNCs in four cities agreed within approximately  ≤  26 % (measured as fractional biases), except for one traffic station in London. This study indicates that it is feasible to model PNCs in major cities within a reasonable accuracy, although major challenges remain in the evaluation of both the emissions and atmospheric transformation of PNCs.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-451-2016} (DOI). Kukkonen, J.; Karl, M.; Keuken, M.; Gon, H.; Denby, B.; Singh, V.; Douros, J.; Manders, A.; Samaras, Z.; Moussiopoulos, N.; Jonkers, S.; Aarnio, M.; Karppinen, A.; Kangas, L.; Lutzenkirchen, S.; Petaejae, T.; Vouitsis, I.; Sokhi, R.: Modelling the dispersion of particle numbers in five European cities. Geoscientific Model Development. 2016. vol. 9, no. 2, 451-478. DOI: 10.5194/gmd-9-451-2016}}
@misc{neumann_benthic_remineralisation_2016, 
author={Neumann, A.,Lahajnar, N.,Emeis, K.-C.},
title={Benthic remineralisation rates in shelf and slope sediments of the northern Benguela upwelling margin},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2015.12.009},
abstract = {The Benguela Upwelling System off Namibia is a region of intensive plankton production. Remineralisation of this biomass frequently causes the formation of an oxygen minimum zone. A part of the organic matter is further deposited on the broad shelf in form of an extensive mudbelt with high TOC concentrations. During February 2011 we retrieved sediment samples from shelf and slope sediment along the Namibian coast to establish fluxes of nutrients, oxygen, and N2 on the basis of pore water concentrations. In mudbelt sediment, fluxes were estimated as high as 8 mmol NH4+ m−2 d−1 and 0.9 mmol PO43− m−2 d−1, which is probably attributable to the activity of large sulphur bacteria. Especially phosphate is mobilised from sediment overlain by oxygen deficient bottom water when and where bottom water oxygen concentrations fall below 50 µmol l−1. In comparison to nutrient transport by Southern Atlantic Central Water flowing onto the Namibian shelf, benthic nutrient fluxes of the mudbelt contribute less than 5% to the nutrient budget of the shelf.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2015.12.009} (DOI). Neumann, A.; Lahajnar, N.; Emeis, K.: Benthic remineralisation rates in shelf and slope sediments of the northern Benguela upwelling margin. Continental Shelf Research. 2016. vol. 113, 47-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2015.12.009}}
@misc{zhang_emission_factors_2016, 
author={Zhang, F.,Chen, Y.,Tian, C.,Lou, D.,Li, J.,Zhang, G.,Matthias, V.},
title={Emission factors for gaseous and particulate pollutants from offshore diesel engine vessels in China},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6319-2016},
abstract = {Shipping emissions have significant influence on atmospheric environment as well as human health, especially in coastal areas and the harbour districts. However, the contribution of shipping emissions on the environment in China still need to be clarified especially based on measurement data, with the large number ownership of vessels and the rapid developments of ports, international trade and shipbuilding industry. Pollutants in the gaseous phase (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, total volatile organic compounds) and particle phase (particulate matter, organic carbon, elemental carbon, sulfates, nitrate, ammonia, metals) in the exhaust from three different diesel-engine-powered offshore vessels in China (350, 600 and 1600kW) were measured in this study. Concentrations, fuel-based and power-based emission factors for various operating modes as well as the impact of engine speed on emissions were determined. Observed concentrations and emission factors for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, total volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter were higher for the low-engine-power vessel (HH) than for the two higher-engine-power vessels (XYH and DFH); for instance, HH had NOx EF (emission factor) of 25.8gkWh−1 compared to 7.14 and 6.97gkWh−1 of DFH, and XYH, and PM EF of 2.09gkWh−1 compared to 0.14 and 0.04gkWh−1 of DFH, and XYH. Average emission factors for all pollutants except sulfur dioxide in the low-engine-power engineering vessel (HH) were significantly higher than that of the previous studies (such as 30.2gkg−1 fuel of CO EF compared to 2.17 to 19.5gkg−1 fuel in previous studies, 115gkg−1 fuel of NOx EF compared to 22.3 to 87gkg−1 fuel in previous studies and 9.40gkg−1 fuel of PM EF compared to 1.2 to 7.6gkg−1 fuel in previous studies), while for the two higher-engine-power vessels (DFH and XYH), most of the average emission factors for pollutants were comparable to the results of the previous studies, engine type was one of the most important influence factors for the differences. Emission factors for all three vessels were significantly different during different operating modes. Organic carbon and elemental carbon were the main components of particulate matter, while water-soluble ions and elements were present in trace amounts. The test inland ships and some test offshore vessels in China always had higher EFs for CO, NOx, and PM than previous studies. Besides, due to the significant influence of engine type on shipping emissions and that no accurate local EFs could be used in inventory calculation, much more measurement data for different vessels in China are still in urgent need. Best-fit engine speeds during actual operation should be based on both emission factors and economic costs.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6319-2016} (DOI). Zhang, F.; Chen, Y.; Tian, C.; Lou, D.; Li, J.; Zhang, G.; Matthias, V.: Emission factors for gaseous and particulate pollutants from offshore diesel engine vessels in China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016. vol. 16, no. 10, 6319-6334. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-6319-2016}}
@misc{folmer_consensus_forecasting_2016, 
author={Folmer, E.O.,Beusekom, J.E.E.van,Dolch, T.,Graewe, U.,Katwijk, M.M.van,Kolbe, K.,Philippart, C.J.M.},
title={Consensus forecasting of intertidal seagrass habitat in the Wadden Sea},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12681},
abstract = {• After the dramatic eutrophication-induced decline of intertidal seagrasses in the 1970s, the,Wadden Sea has shown diverging developments. In the northern Wadden Sea, seagrass beds,have expanded and become denser, while in the southern Wadden Sea, only small beds with,low shoot densities are found. A lack of documentation of historical distributions hampers,conservation management. Yet, the recovery in the northern Wadden Sea provides,opportunity to construct robust habitat suitability models to support management.,• We tuned habitat distribution models based on 17 years of seagrass surveys in the northern,Wadden Sea and high-resolution hydrodynamics and geomorphology for the entire Wadden,Sea using five machine learning approaches. To obtain geographically transferable models,,hyperparameters were tuned on the basis of prediction accuracy assessed by non-random,,spatial cross-validation. The spatial cross-validation methodology was combined with a,consensus modelling approach.,• The predicted suitability scores correlated amongst each other and with the hold-out,observations in the training area indicating that the models converged and were transferable,across space. Prediction accuracy was improved by averaging the predictions of the best,models.,• We graphically examined the relationship between the consensus suitability score and,independent presence-only data from outside the training area using the area-adjusted,seagrass frequency per suitability class (continuous Boyce index). The Boyce index was,positively correlated with the suitability score indicating the adequacy of the prediction,methodology.,• We used the plot of the continuous Boyce index against habitat suitability score to,demarcate three habitat classes – unsuitable, marginal and suitable – for the entire,international Wadden Sea. This information is valuable for habitat conservation and,restoration management.,• Divergence between predicted suitability and actual distributions from the recent past,indicates that unaccounted factors limit seagrass development in the southern Wadden Sea.,• Synthesis and applications. Our methodology and data enabled us to produce a robust and,validated consensus habitat suitability model. We identified highly suitable areas where,intertidal seagrass meadows may establish and persist. Our work provides scientific,underpinning for effective conservation planning in a dynamic landscape and sets monitoring,priorities.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12681} (DOI). Folmer, E.; Beusekom, J.; Dolch, T.; Graewe, U.; Katwijk, M.; Kolbe, K.; Philippart, C.: Consensus forecasting of intertidal seagrass habitat in the Wadden Sea. The Journal of Applied Ecology. 2016. vol. 53, no. 6, 1800-1813. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12681}}
@misc{chen_exchange_of_2016, 
author={Chen, Y.,Lin, T.,Tang, J.,Xie, Z.,Tian, C.,Li, J.,Zhang, G.},
title={Exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons across the air-water interface in the Bohai and Yellow Seas},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.039},
abstract = {In this study, air and surface seawater samples collected from the Bohai (BS) and Yellow Seas (YS) in May 2012 were determined exchange of PAHs, especially of low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs (three- and four-ring PAHs) at the air-water interface. Net volatilization fluxes of LMW PAHs were 266–1454 ng/m2/d and decreased with distance from the coast, indicating that these PAHs transported from coastal runoff were potential contributors to the atmosphere in the BS and YS. Moreover, LMW PAHs were enriched in the dissolved phase compared with those in the particulate phase in the water column, possibly suggesting that the volatilized LMW PAHs were directly derived from wastewater discharge or petroleum pollution rather than released from contaminated sediments. The air–sea exchange fluxes of the three-ring PAHs were 2- to 20-fold higher than their atmospheric deposition fluxes in the BS and YS. The input to and output from the water reached equilibrium for four-ring PAHs. Differently, five- and six-ring PAHs were introduced into the marine environment primarily through dry and wet deposition, indicating that the water column was still a sink of these PAHs from the surrounding atmosphere.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.039} (DOI). Chen, Y.; Lin, T.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Tian, C.; Li, J.; Zhang, G.: Exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons across the air-water interface in the Bohai and Yellow Seas. Atmospheric Environment. 2016. vol. 141, 153-160. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.039}}
@misc{brumovsky_exploring_the_2016, 
author={Brumovsky, M.,Becanova, J.,Kohoutek, J.,Thomas, H.,Petersen, W.,Soerensen, K.,Sanka, O.,Nizzetto, L.},
title={Exploring the occurrence and distribution of contaminants of emerging concern through unmanned sampling from ships of opportunity in the North Sea},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.03.004},
abstract = {Chemical pollution is of concern for the marine environment. New European regulation demands exposure and impact assessment to be conducted in coastal environments in order to define and ensure fulfillment of environmental quality standards. A cost-effective approach for monitoring the over 100,000 km of European coasts is necessary. This proof-of-concept study focuses on the use of unmanned water sampling from a commercial ship of opportunity to implement monitoring of marine contaminants of emerging concern. Marine areas that are not directly affected by river plumes or other direct sources were covered in order to provide information on background pollution. 14 currently used pesticides, 11 pharmaceuticals and personal care products and 3 food additives were detected in water samples through targeted analysis at sub-ng to tenths of ng/L levels in both coastal and offshore areas of the North Sea. Among contaminants, 6 pesticides (dimethoate, fenpropimorph, pendimethalin, propiconazole, tebuconazole and temephos), 3 pharmaceuticals (acetaminophen, naproxen and ketoprofen) and 2 food additives (acesulfame and saccharine) have never been detected before in offshore areas. 4 pesticides (diuron, isoproturon, metazachlor and terbuthylazine), 4 pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, atenolol, ibuprofen and ketoprofen) and 2 food additives (sucralose and acesulfame) were detected in over 90% of the samples. The antibiotic sulfamethoxazole was detected in 50% of the samples at tenths of pg/L levels, including some offshore areas. Our study highlights that the use of ships of opportunity can provide a key support for the development and cost-effective implementation of marine monitoring of chemical pollutants in Europe and elsewhere.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.03.004} (DOI). Brumovsky, M.; Becanova, J.; Kohoutek, J.; Thomas, H.; Petersen, W.; Soerensen, K.; Sanka, O.; Nizzetto, L.: Exploring the occurrence and distribution of contaminants of emerging concern through unmanned sampling from ships of opportunity in the North Sea. Journal of Marine Systems. 2016. vol. 162, 47-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.03.004}}
@misc{mbaye_seasonal_and_2016, 
author={Mbaye, M.,Gaye, A.,Spitzy, A.,Dähnke, K.,Afouda, A.,Gaye, B.},
title={Seasonal and spatial variation in suspended matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, and nutrient concentrations of the Senegal River in West Africa},
year={2016},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2015.12.003},
abstract = {The Senegal River is of intermediate size accommodating at present about 3.5 million inhabitants in its catchment. Its upstream tributaries flow through different climatic zones from the wet tropics in the source area in Guinea to the dry Sahel region at the border between Senegal and Mauritania. Total suspended matter, particulate and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen as well as nutrient concentrations were determined during the dry and wet seasons at 19 locations from the up- to downstream river basin. The aims of the study were to evaluate the degree of human interference, to determine the dissolved and particulate river discharges into the coastal sea and to supply data to validate model results. Statistical analyses showed that samples from the wet and dry season are significantly different in composition and that the upstream tributaries differ mainly in their silicate and suspended matter contents. Nutrient concentrations are relatively low in the river basin, indicating low human impact. Increasing nitrate concentrations, however, show the growing agriculture in the irrigated downstream areas. Particulate organic matter is dominated by C4 plants during the wet season and by aquatic plankton during the dry season. The total suspended matter (TSM) discharge at the main gauging station Bakel was about 1.93 Tg yr−1 which is in the range of the only available literature data from the 1980s. The calculated annual discharges of particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) are 55.8 Gg yr−1, 54.1 Gg yr−1, and 5.3 Gg yr−1, respectively. These first estimates from the Senegal River need to be verified by further studies.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2015.12.003} (DOI). Mbaye, M.; Gaye, A.; Spitzy, A.; Dähnke, K.; Afouda, A.; Gaye, B.: Seasonal and spatial variation in suspended matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, and nutrient concentrations of the Senegal River in West Africa. Limnologica. 2016. vol. 57, 1-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.limno.2015.12.003}}
@misc{zhong_selected_currentuse_2015, 
author={Zhong, G.,Tang, J.,Xie, Z.,Mi, W.,Chen, Y.,Moeller, A.,Sturm, R.,Zhang, G.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Selected current-use pesticides (CUPs) in coastal and offshore sediments of Bohai and Yellow seas},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2648-7},
abstract = {China is one of the largest producers, consumers, and traders for pesticides in the world. Currently, there are more than 600 pesticide-active substances registered in China, whereas few studies were conducted to improve our understanding of the occurrence and environmental impact of current-use pesticides (CUPs) in China’s environment. In this work, 72 surface sediment samples were taken from the coastal and offshore of Bohai and Yellow seas and were analyzed for six CUPs (trifluralin, dacthal, quintozene, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and dicofol) and two metabolites (pentachloroanisole and endosulfan sulfate). Sediment samples were categorized as estuarine or near-shore sediments (Laizhou Bay, Taozi Bay, Sishili Bay, and Jiaozhou Bay) and offshore sediments. Trifluralin, α-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, chlorpyrifos, dicofol, and pentachloroanisole were detected in more than 60 % of the samples. Dicofol was the predominant compound with concentrations mostly higher than 100 pg/g dry weight (dw) with the highest concentration of 18,000 pg/g dw. Concentrations of other compounds were mainly below 100 pg/g dw. CUP levels were much lower than the sediment screening benchmark calculated. The highest levels of α-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, trifluralin, and chlorpyrifos existed at Laizhou Bay, whereas pentachloroanisole and dicofol had highest mean concentrations at Jiaozhou Bay. Generally, no correlation between pesticide concentrations and total organic carbon was observed either for offshore samples or for near-shore samples.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2648-7} (DOI). Zhong, G.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Mi, W.; Chen, Y.; Moeller, A.; Sturm, R.; Zhang, G.; Ebinghaus, R.: Selected current-use pesticides (CUPs) in coastal and offshore sediments of Bohai and Yellow seas. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2015. vol. 22, no. 3, 1653-1661. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2648-7}}
@misc{callies_mean_spring_2015, 
author={Callies, U.,Scharfe, M.},
title={Mean spring conditions at Helgoland Roads, North Sea: Graphical modeling of the influence of hydro-climatic forcing and Elbe River discharge},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2014.06.008},
abstract = {We analyze inter-annual changes of marine observations at Helgoland Roads (nitrate, phosphate, salinity, Secchi depth) in relation to hydro-climatic conditions and Elbe River discharge as potential drivers. Focusing on mean spring conditions we explore graphical covariance selection modeling as a means to both identify and represent the structure of parameter interactions.,While river discharge is able to modify spatial distributions and related gradients in the station's vicinity, atmospherically forced regional transport patterns govern the time dependent local conditions the station is actually exposed to. A model consistent with the data confirms the interplay of the two forcing factors for observations at station Helgoland Roads. Introducing water temperature as a third predictor of inter-annual variability does not much improve the model.,Comparing a Helgoland Roads dependence graph with corresponding graphs for other stations or related model simulations, for instance, could help identify differences in underlying mechanisms without referring to specific realizations of external forcing. With regard to prediction, supplementary numerical experiments reveal that imposing constraints on parameter interactions can reduce the chance of fitting regression models to noise.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2014.06.008} (DOI). Callies, U.; Scharfe, M.: Mean spring conditions at Helgoland Roads, North Sea: Graphical modeling of the influence of hydro-climatic forcing and Elbe River discharge. Journal of Sea Research. 2015. vol. 101, 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2014.06.008}}
@misc{zhao_seasonal_variations_2015, 
author={Zhao, Z.,Xie, Z.,Tang, J.,Sturm, R.,Chen, Y.,Zhang, G.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Seasonal variations and spatial distributions of perfluoroalkyl substances in the rivers Elbe and lower Weser and the North Sea},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.050},
abstract = {The spatial distributions and seasonal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface waters were investigated for the German rivers Elbe and lower Weser, and the North Sea. ∑PFAS concentrations ranged from 4.1 to 250 ng L−1 in the River Elbe, from 3.8 to 16 ng L−1 in the lower Weser, and from 0.13 to 10 ng L−1 in the North Sea. The most abundant compound was perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) with a proportion of 24% in river water and 31% in seawater samples. The concentrations of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in Elbe River water showed significant seasonal variation in 2011. The seasonal variations might be related to the variations of water discharge. The highest concentrations of PFOA and PFHxA were detected in August. Pearson correlations showed that perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and PFBS had different sources from other PFASs, and the current manufacturing and use of C4-based products could explain the distinction. The estimated fluxes of individual substances and ∑PFASs in the River Elbe showed no significant seasonal variation. The annual fluxes of PFASs to the North Sea were estimated to be 335 ± 100 kg year−1 from the River Elbe and 102 ± 22 kg year−1 from the River Weser.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.050} (DOI). Zhao, Z.; Xie, Z.; Tang, J.; Sturm, R.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, G.; Ebinghaus, R.: Seasonal variations and spatial distributions of perfluoroalkyl substances in the rivers Elbe and lower Weser and the North Sea. Chemosphere. 2015. vol. 129, 118-125. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.050}}
@misc{lu_occurrence_and_2015, 
author={Lu, Z.,Song, L.,Zhao, Z.,Ma, Y.,Wang, J.,Yang, H.,Ma, H.,Cai, M.,Codling, G.,Ebinghaus, R.,Xie, Z.,Giesy, J.P.},
title={Occurrence and trends in concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface waters of eastern China},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.045},
abstract = {Spatial distributions of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in surface waters in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces of eastern China during 2011. A total of 39 samples of surface waters, including 29 rivers, 6 lakes and 4 reservoirs were collected. High performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/(−)ESI-MS/MS) was used to identify and quantify PFASs. Concentrations of PFAS were greater in Shanghai than that in Zhejiang Province. Concentrations of the sum of PFASs (∑PFASs) in Shanghai and Kunshan ranged from 39 to 212 ng L−1, while in Zhejiang Province, concentrations of ∑PFASs ranged from 0.68 to 146 ng L−1. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the prevalent PFAS in Shanghai. In contrast, PFOA and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were the prevalent PFASs in Zhejiang Province. Concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) ranged from <0.07 to 9.7 ng L−1. Annual mass of ∑PFASs transported by rivers that flow into the East China Sea were calculated to be more than 4000 kg PFASs. Correlation analyses between concentrations of individual PFASs showed the correlation between PFHxA and PFOA was positive, while the correlation between PFHxA and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) was negative in Shanghai, which indicated that PFHxA and PFOA have common sources. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify important components or factors that explain different compounds, and results showed that PFHxA and FOSA dominated factor loadings.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.045} (DOI). Lu, Z.; Song, L.; Zhao, Z.; Ma, Y.; Wang, J.; Yang, H.; Ma, H.; Cai, M.; Codling, G.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.; Giesy, J.: Occurrence and trends in concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface waters of eastern China. Chemosphere. 2015. vol. 119, 820-827. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.045}}
@misc{gonzalezgago_optimizing_gcicpms_2015, 
author={Gonzalez-Gago, A.,Proefrock, D.,Prange, A.},
title={Optimizing GC-ICP-MS for ultra-trace quantification of PBDEs in natural water samples using species-specific isotope dilution},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ja00112e},
abstract = {Due to the increased interest regarding the fate, transport and toxic effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) within the aquatic environment a variety of different methods have been reported, trying to fulfil the requirements of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD, Directive 2000/60/EC). For PBDEs the WFD specifies Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) at very low trace levels, which correspond to 0.5 ng L−1 for 6 priority brominated flame retardants. The reliable quantification of such low concentration levels in environmental sample matrices requires the development of new analytical approaches. Current standard GC-MS methods, which are frequently used for PBDE analysis, often do not provide sufficient sensitivity for their reliable analysis at ultra-trace levels. Within this context a new GC-ICP-MS method has been developed and optimized allowing the ultra-trace determination of the selected priority congeners at sub ng L−1 levels. The quantification approach is based on the application of 81Br labelled PBDEs as internal standards for species-specific isotope dilution analysis. Natural water samples were analysed to demonstrate the potential of this new detection and quantification approach.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ja00112e} (DOI). Gonzalez-Gago, A.; Proefrock, D.; Prange, A.: Optimizing GC-ICP-MS for ultra-trace quantification of PBDEs in natural water samples using species-specific isotope dilution. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 2015. vol. 30, 180-190. DOI: 10.1039/c4ja00112e}}
@misc{weigelt_analysis_and_2015, 
author={Weigelt, A.,Ebinghaus, R.,Manning, A.J.,Derwent, R.G.,Simmonds, P.G.,Spain, T.G.,Jennings, S.G.,Slemr, F.},
title={Analysis and interpretation of 18 years of mercury observations since 1996 at Mace Head, Ireland},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.050},
abstract = {Observations of atmospheric mercury at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station on the Atlantic coast of Ireland made from February 1996 to December 2013 are analyzed. Using meteorological analysis and a sophisticated Lagrangian dispersion model, the hourly averaged mercury concentrations were attributed to four different air mass types: baseline, local, European polluted, and sub-tropical maritime. Monthly median Hg concentrations of all types decreased over the analyzed period but the trend for sub-tropical maritime air masses was with −0.016 ± 0.002 ng m−3 yr−1 in absolute terms significantly smaller than the trends for all other classes which varied between −0.021 and −0.023 ng m−3 yr−1. The seasonal variation for sub-tropical maritime air masses is also shallower than for all other classes. This is most likely due to shallower seasonal variation of oxidant concentrations at lower latitudes. The north-south gradient of the trend is qualitatively consistent with the GEOS-Chem model predictions based on decrease of mercury concentrations in surface waters of the North Atlantic but the trends are smaller than predicted. Tests for temporal change of the trends indicate that the decreasing trends of mercury concentrations are leveling off for all air masses with possible exception of the sub-tropical maritime air mass. Quantitative assessment of the trend changes, however, will require a longer time series of the mercury measurements at Mace Head.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.050} (DOI). Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Manning, A.; Derwent, R.; Simmonds, P.; Spain, T.; Jennings, S.; Slemr, F.: Analysis and interpretation of 18 years of mercury observations since 1996 at Mace Head, Ireland. Atmospheric Environment. 2015. vol. 100, 85-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.050}}
@misc{storch_making_coastal_2015, 
author={Storch, H.v.,Emeis, K.,Meinke, I.,Kannen, A.,Matthias, V.,Ratter, B.M.W.,Stanev, E.,Weisse, R.,Wirtz, K.},
title={Making coastal research useful – Cases from practice},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2014.09.001},
abstract = {Coastal research deals with that part of the sea, which is significantly affected by the land, and the part of the land, which is significantly affected by the sea. Coasts are in most cases densely populated, and the activities of people are shaping and changing the land/seascape of the coast. Thus, coast encompasses the coastal sea, the coastal land, coastal flora and fauna, and people. Since peoples’ economic and political preferences change and compete, the human impact on the coast changes is contested and subject to societal decision making processes.,While some coastal research can help informing and constraining such decisions, many legitimate scientific efforts have little bearing on society. All decision making processes are political, so that scientific knowledge is not the dominant driver in such processes. Using cases from the Institute of Coastal Research of Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, we describe some of these potentially useful parts of science, and discuss under which circumstances the potential usefulness transform into real utility. These cases do not span the full range of coastal science.,Important issues are the recognition of alternative knowledge claims, the inevitableness of uncertainties and incompleteness of scientific analysis, the acceptance of the political nature of decisions and the ubiquitous presence of social values. Modesty, self-reflexivity and skepticism are needed on the side of science and an organized exchange  with stakeholders and public  through designated “border” services.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2014.09.001} (DOI). Storch, H.; Emeis, K.; Meinke, I.; Kannen, A.; Matthias, V.; Ratter, B.; Stanev, E.; Weisse, R.; Wirtz, K.: Making coastal research useful – Cases from practice. Oceanologia. 2015. vol. 57, no. 1, 3-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.oceano.2014.09.001}}
@misc{ma_the_spatial_2015, 
author={Ma, Y.,Xie, Z.,Halsall, C.,Moeller, A.,Yang, H.,Zhong, G.,Cai, M.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={The spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides and halogenated flame retardants in the surface sediments of an Arctic fjord: The influence of ocean currents vs. glacial runoff},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.012},
abstract = {Selected organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) were analyzed in surficial fjord sediments collected down the length of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard in the Norwegian high Arctic. Hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCHs) was found to be the most abundant OC in the sediment, followed by BDE-209 > chlordane > α-endosulfan > Dechlorane Plus (anti-DP)> trifluralin concentration ranges were high over the relatively small study area of the fjord (e.g. ∑HCH: 7.2–100 pg g−1 dry weight (dw)), with concentrations broadly similar to, or lower than, measurements conducted in other parts of the Arctic. Concentrations of legacy OCs, including both HCH isomers and chlordane showed a decreasing trend from the outer, seaward end of the fjord to the inner, glacier end of the fjord. Conversely, sediment concentrations of α- and β-endosulfan (0.1–12.5 pg g−1 dw) increased from the outer fjord to the inner fjord. This contrasting pattern may be attributed to the influence of historical vs. contemporary sources of these chemicals to the fjord area, whereby the North Atlantic/West Spitzbergen oceanic current dominates the transport and input of the legacy OCs, whereas atmospheric deposition and meltwater runoff from the glaciers influence the inner fjord sediments for endosulfan. Interestingly, BDE-209 and Dechlorane Plus did not reveal any clear spatial trend. It is plausible that both glacial runoff and oceanic current end members are playing a role in introducing these chemicals to the fjord sediments. The relatively low fractional abundance of the syn-DP isomer (fsyn), however, indicates the long-range transport of this chemical to this Arctic site.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.012} (DOI). Ma, Y.; Xie, Z.; Halsall, C.; Moeller, A.; Yang, H.; Zhong, G.; Cai, M.; Ebinghaus, R.: The spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides and halogenated flame retardants in the surface sediments of an Arctic fjord: The influence of ocean currents vs. glacial runoff. Chemosphere. 2015. vol. 119, 953-960. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.012}}
@misc{stelzenmueller_quantitative_environmental_2015, 
author={Stelzenmueller, V.,Fock, H.O.,Gimpel, A.,Rambo, H.,Diekmann, R.,Probst, W.N.,Callies, U.,Bockelmann, F.,Neumann, H.,Kroencke, I.},
title={Quantitative environmental risk assessments in the context of marine spatial management: current approaches and some perspectives},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu206},
abstract = {Marine spatial planning (MSP) requires spatially explicit environmental risk assessment (ERA) frameworks with quantitative or probabilistic measures of risk, enabling an evaluation of spatial management scenarios. ERAs comprise the steps of risk identification, risk analysis, and risk evaluation. A review of ERAs in in the context of spatial management revealed a synonymous use of the concepts of risk, vulnerability and impact, a need to account for uncertainty and a lack of a clear link between risk analysis and risk evaluation. In a case study, we addressed some of the identified gaps and predicted the risk of changing the current state of benthic disturbance by bottom trawling due to future MSP measures in the German EEZ of the North Sea. We used a quantitative, dynamic, and spatially explicit approach where we combined a Bayesian belief network with GIS to showcase the steps of risk characterization, risk analysis, and risk evaluation. We distinguished 10 benthic communities and 6 international fishing fleets. The risk analysis produced spatially explicit estimates of benthic disturbance, which was computed as a ratio between relative local mortality by benthic trawling and the recovery potential after a trawl event. Results showed great differences in spatial patterns of benthic disturbance when accounting for different environmental impacts of the respective fleets. To illustrate a risk evaluation process, we simulated a spatial shift of the international effort of two beam trawl fleets, which are affected the most by future offshore wind development. The Bayesian belief network (BN) model was able to predict the proportion of the area where benthic disturbance likely increases. In conclusion, MSP processes should embed ERA frameworks which allow for the integration of multiple risk assessments and the quantification of related risks as well as uncertainties at a common spatial scale.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu206} (DOI). Stelzenmueller, V.; Fock, H.; Gimpel, A.; Rambo, H.; Diekmann, R.; Probst, W.; Callies, U.; Bockelmann, F.; Neumann, H.; Kroencke, I.: Quantitative environmental risk assessments in the context of marine spatial management: current approaches and some perspectives. ICES Journal of Marine Science : Journal du Conseil. 2015. vol. 72, no. 3, 1022-1042. DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsu206}}
@misc{petersen_calibration_of_2015, 
author={Petersen, J.,Paschke, A.,Gunold, R.,Schueuermann, G.},
title={Calibration of Chemcatcher® passive sampler for selected highly hydrophobic organic substances under fresh and sea water conditions},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EW00043A},
abstract = {This study presents sampling rates (Rs) of the nonpolar Chemcatcher® for selected polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides measured in two calibration experiments with fresh water and salt water (2.5% NaCl), respectively. The uptake experiments were performed with samplers on a carousel in a flow-through tank system at constant concentration of test substances and a temperature of 13 °C. It was found that the linear flow velocity at the sampler surface calculated based on the rotation speed of the carousel (0.4 m s−1) disagreed with the actual measured velocity using a vane anemometer (0.11 m s−1). The sampling rates Rs of the test compounds were in the range of 0.15 to 0.89 L d−1 and were slightly lower in salt water than in fresh water, showing the minor effect of the salt matrix on the uptake of highly hydrophobic organic compounds. Five performance reference compounds (PRC) were also tested during the tank experiments. A higher offload of PRCs was found in salt water (with elimination rates between 0.034 d−1 and 0.051 d−1) compared to fresh water (elimination rates between 0.017 d−1 and 0.028 d−1). Our study demonstrates the suitability of the Chemcatcher® device for time-integrated monitoring of highly hydrophobic micropollutants dissolved in fresh and salt water down to the lower ng-per-litre range.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EW00043A} (DOI). Petersen, J.; Paschke, A.; Gunold, R.; Schueuermann, G.: Calibration of Chemcatcher® passive sampler for selected highly hydrophobic organic substances under fresh and sea water conditions. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology. 2015. vol. 1, no. 2, 218-226. DOI: 10.1039/C4EW00043A}}
@misc{lai_occurrence_and_2015, 
author={Lai, S.,Xie, Z.,Song, T.,Tang, J.,Zhang, Y.,Mi, W.,Peng, J.,Zhao, Y.,Zou, S.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Occurrence and dry deposition of organophosphate esters in atmospheric particles over the northern South China Sea},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.015},
abstract = {Nine organophosphate esters (OPEs) in airborne particles were measured during a cruise campaign over the northern South China Sea (SCS) from September to October 2013. The concentration of the total OPEs (∑OPEs) was 47.1–160.9 pg m−3, which are lower than previous measurements in marine atmosphere environments. Higher OPE concentrations were observed in terrestrially influenced samples, suggesting that OPE concentrations were significantly influenced by air mass transport. Chlorinated OPEs were the dominant OPEs, accounting for 65.8–83.7% of the ∑OPEs. Tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) was the predominant OPE compound in the samples (45.0 ± 12.1%), followed by tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphates (TCPPs) (28.8 ± 8.9%). Dry particle-bound deposition fluxes ranged from 8.2 to 27.8 ng m−2 d−1 for the ∑OPEs. Moreover, the dry deposition input of the ∑OPEs was estimated to be 4.98 ton y−1 in 2013 in a vast area of northern SCS. About half of the input was found to relate to air masses originating from China.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.015} (DOI). Lai, S.; Xie, Z.; Song, T.; Tang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Mi, W.; Peng, J.; Zhao, Y.; Zou, S.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence and dry deposition of organophosphate esters in atmospheric particles over the northern South China Sea. Chemosphere. 2015. vol. 127, 195-200. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.015}}
@misc{xie_neutral_polyperfluoroalkyl_2015, 
author={Xie, Z.,Wang, Z.,Mi, W.,Moeller, A.,Wolschke, H.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Neutral Poly-/perfluoroalkyl Substances in Air and Snow from the Arctic},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08912},
abstract = {Levels of neutral poly-/perfluoroalkyl substances (nPFASs) in air and snow collected from Ny-Ålesund were measured and their air-snow exchange was determined to investigate whether they could re-volatilize into the atmosphere driven by means of air-snow exchange. The total concentration of 12 neutral PFASs ranged from 6.7 to 39 pg m−3 in air and from 330 to 690 pg L−1 in snow. A significant log-linear relationship was observed between the gas/particle partition coefficient and vapor pressure of the neutral PFASs. For fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOHs) and fluorotelomer acrylates (FTAs), the air-snow exchange fluxes were positive, indicating net evaporative from snow into air, while net deposition into snow was observed for perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanols (Me/EtFOSEs) in winter and spring of 2012. The air-snow exchange was snow-phase controlled for FTOHs and FTAs, and controlled by the air-phase for FOSEs. Air-snow exchange may significantly interfere with atmospheric concentrations of neutral PFASs in the Arctic.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08912} (DOI). Xie, Z.; Wang, Z.; Mi, W.; Moeller, A.; Wolschke, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Neutral Poly-/perfluoroalkyl Substances in Air and Snow from the Arctic. Scientific Reports. 2015. vol. 5, 8912. DOI: 10.1038/srep08912}}
@misc{jahnke_a_sequential_2015, 
author={Jahnke, B.,Frank, C.,Fernandez, J.F.,Niemeyer, B.},
title={A Sequential Injection Analysis Method for the Determination of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid in Water Samples},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.9734/ACSj/2015/13089},
abstract = {A conventional laboratory method for the determination of glyphosate and its degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by post column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA). However, AMPA is partly decomposed in the process causing a deviation in the AMPA detection or even making a simultaneous detection of glyphosate and AMPA with the described postcolumn procedure impossible. We used a compact sequential injection analysis system and optimized the process conditions for both analytes independently from each other. The process conditions were adjusted to the different chemical characteristics of AMPA (primary amine) and glyphosate (secondary amine), which needs to be oxidized to a primary amine prior to the derivatization. An ion exchange column was included in the system to eliminate amines interfering with the method. Limits of detection of 16 and 9 µg L-1 for glyphosate and AMPA, respectively are similar to those achieved with HPLC methods reported in literature, but compared to conventional HPLC methods only small amounts of reagents are consumed.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.9734/ACSj/2015/13089} (DOI). Jahnke, B.; Frank, C.; Fernandez, J.; Niemeyer, B.: A Sequential Injection Analysis Method for the Determination of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid in Water Samples. American Chemical Science Journal. 2015. vol. 5, no. 2, 163-173. DOI: 10.9734/ACSj/2015/13089}}
@misc{beyn_do_nisotopes_2015, 
author={Beyn, F.,Matthias, V.,Aulinger, A.,Daehnke, K.},
title={Do N-isotopes in atmospheric nitrate deposition reflect air pollution levels?},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.02.057},
abstract = {Dry and wet deposition of atmospheric reactive nitrogen compounds mostly originate from anthropogenic NH3 and NOX sources. Regarding land-borne pollutants, coastal environments usually have a lower pollution level than terrestrial/urban areas, which have a greater anthropogenic imprint. To investigate this spatial characteristic, we measured View the MathML sourceNO3− and View the MathML sourceNH4+ deposition and N isotopes of View the MathML sourceNO3− (δ15N–View the MathML sourceNO3−) in 94 and 88 wet and dry deposition samples, respectively, at a coastal (List on Sylt) and a terrestrial/urban site (Geesthacht) in Germany from May 2012 to May 2013. A higher total N deposition rate was observed in Geesthacht (10.4 vs. 8.9 kg N ha−1 yr−1) due to higher View the MathML sourceNH4+ deposition, which can be explained by more agricultural influence. Surprisingly, overall View the MathML sourceNO3− fluxes were higher at the coastal site than at the terrestrial/urban site. We assume that sea-salt aerosols and the increased influence of NOX emissions from ships in most recent times compensate the higher terrestrial/urban pollution level and thus lead to higher View the MathML sourceNO3− fluxes in dry and comparable fluxes in wet deposition at the coastal site, despite a much lower impact of land-based sources. In line with this, overall mean N isotopes values of View the MathML sourceNO3− show higher values in List than in Geesthacht in dry (+3.1 vs. +1.9‰) as well as in wet deposition (−0.1 vs. −1.0‰). This surprising result can mainly be attributed to an emerging source of NOX, ship emissions, which have a distinctly higher impact at the coastal site. The usage of heavy oil and possibly new technologies in marine engines, which emit more enriched 15N in comparison to older engines, caused the spatial isotopic differences.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.02.057} (DOI). Beyn, F.; Matthias, V.; Aulinger, A.; Daehnke, K.: Do N-isotopes in atmospheric nitrate deposition reflect air pollution levels?. Atmospheric Environment. 2015. vol. 107, 281-288. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.02.057}}
@misc{slemr_comparison_of_2015, 
author={Slemr, F.,Angot, H.,Dommergue, A.,Magand, O.,Barret, M.,Weigelt, A.,Ebinghaus, R.,Brunke, E.-G.,Pfaffhuber, K.,Edwards, G.,Howard, D.,Powell, J.,Keywood, M.,Wang, F.},
title={Comparison of mercury concentrations measured at several sites in the Southern Hemisphere},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3125-2015},
abstract = {Our knowledge of the distribution of mercury concentrations in air of the Southern Hemisphere was until recently based mostly on intermittent measurements made during ship cruises. In the last few years continuous mercury monitoring has commenced at several sites in the Southern Hemisphere, providing new and more refined information. In this paper we compare mercury measurements at several remote sites in the Southern Hemisphere made over a period of at least 1 year at each location. Averages of monthly medians show similar although small seasonal variations at both Cape Point and Amsterdam Island. A pronounced seasonal variation at Troll research station in Antarctica is due to frequent mercury depletion events in the austral spring. Due to large scatter and large standard deviations of monthly average median mercury concentrations at Cape Grim, no systematic seasonal variation could be found there. Nevertheless, the annual average mercury concentrations at all sites during the 2007–2013 period varied only between 0.85 and 1.05 ng m−3. Part of this variability is likely due to systematic measurement uncertainties which we propose can be further reduced by improved calibration procedures. We conclude that mercury is much more uniformly distributed throughout the Southern Hemisphere than the distributions suggested by measurements made onboard ships. This finding implies that smaller trends can be detected in shorter time periods. We also report a change in the trend sign at Cape Point from decreasing mercury concentrations in 1996–2004 to increasing concentrations since 2007.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3125-2015} (DOI). Slemr, F.; Angot, H.; Dommergue, A.; Magand, O.; Barret, M.; Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Brunke, E.; Pfaffhuber, K.; Edwards, G.; Howard, D.; Powell, J.; Keywood, M.; Wang, F.: Comparison of mercury concentrations measured at several sites in the Southern Hemisphere. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2015. vol. 15, no. 6, 3125-3133. DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-3125-2015}}
@misc{wang_an_investigation_2015, 
author={Wang, Z.,Song, J.,Huang, Y.,Srinivasan, A.,Liu, Z.,Kainer, K.U.,Hort, N.},
title={An Investigation on Hot Tearing of Mg-4.5Zn-(0.5Zr) Alloys with Y Additions},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-2755-1},
abstract = {In this work, the hot tearing susceptibility (HTS) of Mg-4.5Zn-xY (x = 0, 0.4, 0.9, 2 wt pct) alloys is investigated using constrained rod casting apparatus equipped with a load cell and data acquisition system. The effect of grain refinement by Zr addition on the HTS has also been investigated. The results show that the HTS first increases with increasing the Y content, reaches the maximum at 0.9 wt pct Y, and then reduces with further increase in the Y content to 2.0 wt pct. The high HTS observed in the alloys with 0.4 and 0.9 wt pct Y is attributed to their coarse columnar grains and their large freezing ranges. The results also suggest that the resistance to the hot tearing can apparently be improved by increasing the initial mold temperature. In addition, a fine microstructure reduces the HTS. Numerical simulations using ProCAST software on HTS of Mg-4.5Zn-xY alloys are in good agreement with the experimental results.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-2755-1} (DOI). Wang, Z.; Song, J.; Huang, Y.; Srinivasan, A.; Liu, Z.; Kainer, K.; Hort, N.: An Investigation on Hot Tearing of Mg-4.5Zn-(0.5Zr) Alloys with Y Additions. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions  A. 2015. vol. 46, no. 5, 2108-2118. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-015-2755-1}}
@misc{wang_estimating_dry_2015, 
author={Wang, Z.,Xie, Z.,Moeller, A.,Mi, W.,Wolschke, H.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Estimating dry deposition and gas/particle partition coefficients of neutral poly-/perfluoroalkyl substances in northern German coast},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.029},
abstract = {Dry deposition fluxes of 12 neutral poly-/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were estimated at Büsum located in northern German coast, and their gas/particle partition coefficients were predicted by employing the polyparameter linear free energy relationships (PP-LFERs). The gas deposition flux, particle deposition flux and total (gas + particle) flux of the 12 PFASs during sampling periods were 1088 ± 611, 189 ± 75 and 1277 ± 627 pg/(m2 d), respectively. The gas deposition of PFASs played a key role during deposition to marine ecosystem. Sensitivity analysis showed that wind speed was the most sensitive parameter for gas deposition fluxes. Good agreements (within 1 log unit) were observed between the measured gas/particle partitioning data of PFASs and the predicted partition coefficients using PP-LFERs, indicating the model can reliably predict the gas/particle partitioning behaviors of atmospheric neutral PFASs.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.029} (DOI). Wang, Z.; Xie, Z.; Moeller, A.; Mi, W.; Wolschke, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Estimating dry deposition and gas/particle partition coefficients of neutral poly-/perfluoroalkyl substances in northern German coast. Environmental Pollution. 2015. vol. 202, 120-125. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.029}}
@misc{wang_occurrence_and_2015, 
author={Wang, R.,Tang, J.,Xie, Z.,Mi, W.,Chen, Y.,Wolschke, H.,Tian, C.,Pan, X.,Luo, Y.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Occurrence and spatial distribution of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in 40 rivers draining into the Bohai Sea, north China},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.037},
abstract = {Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are alternatives to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, often used as flame-retardants and plasticizers. There are few reports of OPEs in river water. This study focused on the occurrence and spatial distribution of 11 OPE congeners and one synthetic intermediate triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) in 40 major rivers entering into the Bohai Sea. Total OPEs ranged from 9.6 to 1549 ng L−1, with an average of 300 ng L−1. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) (4.6–921 ng L−1, mean: 186 ng L−1) and tris(2-choroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (1.3–268 ng L−1, mean: 80.2 ng L−1) were the most abundant OPEs and their distribution patterns are similar, indicating the same source (r = 0.61, P < 0.05) and the influence of large production and consumption of chlorinated OPEs in the region. Priority should be given to TCPP, PCEP and TPPO due to their high concentrations in the rivers and potential threat to aquatic organisms.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.037} (DOI). Wang, R.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Mi, W.; Chen, Y.; Wolschke, H.; Tian, C.; Pan, X.; Luo, Y.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence and spatial distribution of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in 40 rivers draining into the Bohai Sea, north China. Environmental Pollution. 2015. vol. 198, 172-178. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.037}}
@misc{wolschke_novel_flame_2015, 
author={Wolschke, H.,Meng, X.-Z.,Xie, Z.,Ebinghaus, R.,Cai, M.},
title={Novel flame retardants (N-FRs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in fish, penguin, and skua from King George Island, Antarctica},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.012},
abstract = {Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), are frequently detected in biota from Antarctica, whereas no data are available for their replacements, such as novel flame retardants (N-FRs). This study presented the occurrence of several N-FRs, PBDEs, and PCBs in tissue samples of an Antarctic rock cod (Trematomus bernacchii), a young gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), and a brown skua (Stercorarius antarcticus) collected from King George Island. The total concentrations of N-FRs (ΣN-FRs; mean: 931 pg/g dry weight (dw)) were comparable to PBDEs (Σ8PBDEs; 681 pg/g dw), which were much lower than PCBs (ΣDL-PCBs; 12,800 pg/g dw). Overall, skua contained two to three orders of magnitude higher contamination than penguin and fish. In the future, more attention should be focused on the fate of N-FRs in Antarctica, where usages have increased since PBDEs were banned. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N-FRs in biota from Antarctica.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.012} (DOI). Wolschke, H.; Meng, X.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.; Cai, M.: Novel flame retardants (N-FRs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in fish, penguin, and skua from King George Island, Antarctica. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2015. vol. 96, no. 1-2, 513-518. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.012}}
@misc{moebius_nitrate_drawdown_2015, 
author={Moebius, J.,Daehnke, K.},
title={Nitrate drawdown and its unexpected isotope effect in the Danube estuarine transition zone},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10068},
abstract = {The northwestern Black Sea Shelf region suffered from severe eutrophication in recent decades, mainly due to the Danube River's increased nutrient loads, as well as nutrient remineralization in sediments. During two cruises (spring 2012 and summer 2013) in the Danube River Delta–Black Sea transition zone, we analyzed dissolved nutrients, dual isotope signatures of nitrate, and δ15N of suspended particulate matter across the salinity gradient, and two pore water nutrient profiles (only 2013) in the outer river plume. We aimed to investigate nitrogen turnover and nutrient dynamics in the present Black Sea Shelf region in order to elucidate the contemporary role of nitrogen inputs of the River Danube in the light of the past, severely eutrophic, situation in the Delta region. Data indicate intense drawdown of river-borne nitrate, phosphate, and dissolved silica in the river plume. Isotopic patterns of nitrate and suspended N illustrate exceptionally clearly the dominance of nitrate assimilation over the entire salinity gradient. An unusual 1.9 : 1 enrichment of δ18ONO3 to δ15NNO3 questions the usually uniform enrichment that is attributed to phytoplankton. Accordingly, we investigated the potential effects of nitrate regeneration and uptake by heterotrophic plankton on the isotopic composition of nitrate in the Delta. Overall, our data suggest that today, the nitrogen input from the Danube River is taken up within the salinity gradient in large quantities, and its immediate effects on the eutrophication status of the Black Sea shelf are relatively limited.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10068} (DOI). Moebius, J.; Daehnke, K.: Nitrate drawdown and its unexpected isotope effect in the Danube estuarine transition zone. Limnology and Oceanography. 2015. vol. 60, no. 3, 1008-1019. DOI: 10.1002/lno.10068}}
@misc{gori_the_distribution_2015, 
author={Gori, T.,Wild, P.S.,Schnabel, R.,Schulz, A.,Pfeiffer, N.,Blettner, M.,Beutel, M.E.,Forconi, S.,Jung, F.,Lackner, K.J.,Blankenberg, S.,Muenzel, T.},
title={The distribution of whole blood viscosity, its determinants and relationship with arterial blood pressure in the community: cross-sectional analysis from the Gutenberg Health Study},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1753944715589887},
abstract = {Background: Blood viscosity has a role in modulating cardiovascular homeostasis; changes in this parameter have been associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, it remains unclear whether these changes are (1) involved in the pathophysiology of disease, (2) an epiphenomenon, or (3) the expression of counterregulatory mechanisms. We report data on the normal values of blood viscosity and its association with cardiovascular risk factors, prevalent cardiovascular disease, and blood pressure in a large population-based cohort study.,Methods and results: Viscosity was calculated using validated formulae and its associations were explored in 15,010 participants (mean 55.0, min–max: 35–74 years old; 49.5% women) from the Gutenberg Health Study as well as in a subgroup of 3223 subjects (61.1% women, mean age 49.2, min–max 35–74 years old) without risk factors or self-reported cardiovascular disease. Age- and gender-adjusted mean values for viscosity were defined. Regression models showed a relationship between classical risk factors and blood viscosity measures; the overall R 2 of the multiple linear regression model was however as low as 0.067 and 0.049 for high and low shear stress viscosity, respectively. After correction for cardiovascular risk factors, there was a very mild association between viscosity and prevalent coronary artery disease and heart failure. Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure increased with increasing blood viscosity after correction for age and gender.,Conclusions: We provide reference values for viscosity in a population-based cohort. Blood viscosity decreases in older subjects and shows a very mild association with cardiovascular risk factors and prevalent disease in our cohort. There is a linear positive association between viscosity and blood pressure.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1177/1753944715589887} (DOI). Gori, T.; Wild, P.; Schnabel, R.; Schulz, A.; Pfeiffer, N.; Blettner, M.; Beutel, M.; Forconi, S.; Jung, F.; Lackner, K.; Blankenberg, S.; Muenzel, T.: The distribution of whole blood viscosity, its determinants and relationship with arterial blood pressure in the community: cross-sectional analysis from the Gutenberg Health Study. Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease. 2015. vol. 9, no. 6, 354-365. DOI: 10.1177/1753944715589887}}
@misc{feyerabend_influence_of_2015, 
author={Feyerabend, F.,Johannisson, M.,Liu, Z.,Willumeit-Römer, R.},
title={Influence of various sterilization methods on hardness, grain size and corrosion rate of a Mg6Ag-alloy},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/bnm-2015-0005},
abstract = {Sterilization is a necessary step for all implant materials. Different methods can influence the materials properties. Especially important for magnesium as degradable materials is the determination of the corrosion properties. In this study the influence of 70% ethanol, glutaraldehyde, autoclaving, dry heat, UV-, gamma- and electron beam-irradiation on mechanical and corrosion parameters were analyzed. As mechanical parameters hardness and grain size were determined. The corrosion rate under physiological conditions, weight of the corrosion layer and corrosion morphology was determined. It could be demonstrated that irradiation treatments and 70% ethanol are suitable methods, as they decrease the corrosion rate. Heat-introducing methods (autoclaving and dry heat) acted as incomplete ageing treatments on this alloy and therefore increased the corrosion rate. Furthermore, osmolality showed a better correlation to the actual corrosion rate than the pH. Therefore an optimum ratio between alloying system, implant and sterilization method has to be established, depending on the intended application.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1515/bnm-2015-0005} (DOI). Feyerabend, F.; Johannisson, M.; Liu, Z.; Willumeit-Römer, R.: Influence of various sterilization methods on hardness, grain size and corrosion rate of a Mg6Ag-alloy. BioNanoMaterials. 2015. vol. 16, no. 1, 51-58. DOI: 10.1515/bnm-2015-0005}}
@misc{krueger_influence_of_2015, 
author={Krueger, A.,Fuhrmann, R.,Jung, F.,Franke, R.-P.},
title={Influence of the coating with extracellular matrix and the number of cell passages on the endothelialization of a polystyrene surface},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-151943},
abstract = {The proper morphology and function of the vascular endothelium are prerequisites for a sufficient supply of the tissues. Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction can lead to circulatory disorders and the development of cardiovascular diseases. The endothelialization of cardiovascular implants is a sophisticated task since EC miss their natural environment and physiological stimuli in vitro. In addition, different studies revealed that the EC behavior and morphology depended on the substrate and the passage number of the EC. Therefore, the comparison of endothelialization studies is very difficult, when passage and substrate are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth potential and cell morphology of human venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) as a function of different cell passages and different substrates (pristine polystyrene, tissue-typical ECM-coated polystyrene). The study revealed that HUVEC morphology and growth potential were significantly different on pristine polystyrene compared to the basal lamina-like ECM-coated polystyrene surface. Furthermore, it became obvious that the passage of the cells affected the endothelialization of the polystyrene surface significantly. In conclusion, this study emphasized the need for a critical consideration of EC data whereas a simple comparison of results is not possible if EC age and passage is unknown.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-151943} (DOI). Krueger, A.; Fuhrmann, R.; Jung, F.; Franke, R.: Influence of the coating with extracellular matrix and the number of cell passages on the endothelialization of a polystyrene surface. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2015. vol. 60, no. 1, 153-161. DOI: 10.3233/CH-151943}}
@misc{song_topdown_constraints_2015, 
author={Song, S.,Selin, N. E.,Soerensen, A. L.,Angot, H.,Artz, R.,Brooks, S.,Brunke, E.-G.,Conley, G.,Dommergue, A.,Ebinghaus, R.,Holsen, T. M.,Jaffe, D. A.,Kang, S.,Kelley, P.,Luke, W. T.,Magand, O.,Marumoto, K.,Pfaffhuber, K. A.,Ren, X.,Sheu, G.-R.,Slemr, F.,Warneke, T.,Weigelt, A.,Weiss-Penzias, P.,Wip, D. C.,Zhang, Q.},
title={Top-down constraints on atmospheric mercury emissions and implications for global biogeochemical cycling},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7103-2015},
abstract = {We perform global-scale inverse modeling to constrain present-day atmospheric mercury emissions and relevant physiochemical parameters in the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. We use Bayesian inversion methods combining simulations with GEOS-Chem and ground-based Hg0 observations from regional monitoring networks and individual sites in recent years. Using optimized emissions/parameters, GEOS-Chem better reproduces these ground-based observations and also matches regional over-water Hg0 and wet deposition measurements. The optimized global mercury emission to the atmosphere is ~ 5.8 Gg yr−1. The ocean accounts for 3.2 Gg yr−1 (55 % of the total), and the terrestrial ecosystem is neither a net source nor a net sink of Hg0. The optimized Asian anthropogenic emission of Hg0 (gas elemental mercury) is 650–1770 Mg yr−1, higher than its bottom-up estimates (550–800 Mg yr−1). The ocean parameter inversions suggest that dark oxidation of aqueous elemental mercury is faster, and less mercury is removed from the mixed layer through particle sinking, when compared with current simulations. Parameter changes affect the simulated global ocean mercury budget, particularly mass exchange between the mixed layer and subsurface waters. Based on our inversion results, we re-evaluate the long-term global biogeochemical cycle of mercury, and show that legacy mercury becomes more likely to reside in the terrestrial ecosystem than in the ocean. We estimate that primary anthropogenic mercury contributes up to 23 % of present-day atmospheric deposition.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7103-2015} (DOI). Song, S.; Selin, N.; Soerensen, A.; Angot, H.; Artz, R.; Brooks, S.; Brunke, E.; Conley, G.; Dommergue, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Holsen, T.; Jaffe, D.; Kang, S.; Kelley, P.; Luke, W.; Magand, O.; Marumoto, K.; Pfaffhuber, K.; Ren, X.; Sheu, G.; Slemr, F.; Warneke, T.; Weigelt, A.; Weiss-Penzias, P.; Wip, D.; Zhang, Q.: Top-down constraints on atmospheric mercury emissions and implications for global biogeochemical cycling. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2015. vol. 15, no. 12, 7103-7125. DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-7103-2015}}
@misc{heydebreck_alternative_and_2015, 
author={Heydebreck, F.,Tang, J.,Xie, Z.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Alternative and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances: Differences between European and Chinese River/Estuary Systems},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01648},
abstract = {The production and use of long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) must comply with national and international regulations. Driven by increasingly stringent regulations, their production has been outsourced to less regulated countries in Asia. In addition, the fluoropolymer industry started to use fluorinated alternatives, such as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid (HFPO-DA). Between August 2013 and September 2014, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of HFPO-DA and legacy PFASs in surface waters of the following river/estuary systems: the Elbe and Rhine Rivers in Germany, the Rhine-Meuse delta in The Netherlands, and the Xiaoqing River in China. Distinct differences were revealed among the study areas; notably, the Chinese samples were highly polluted by an industrial point source discharging mainly perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). This particular point source resulted in concentrations more than 6000 times higher than an industrial point source observed in the Scheur River, where HFPO-DA was the dominant compound with a concentration of 73.1 ng/L. Moreover, HFPO-DA was detected in all samples along the coastline of the North Sea, indicating that the compound may be transported from the Rhine-Meuse delta into the German Bight via the water current. To the best of our knowledge, the fluorinated alternative, HFPO-DA, was detected for the first time in surface waters of Germany and China.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01648} (DOI). Heydebreck, F.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Alternative and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances: Differences between European and Chinese River/Estuary Systems. Environmental Science and Technology. 2015. vol. 49, no. 14, 8386-8395. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01648}}
@misc{gonzalezgago_comparison_of_2015, 
author={Gonzalez-Gago, A.,Proefrock, D.,Prange, A.},
title={Comparison of GC–NCI MS, GC–ICP-MS, and GC–EI MS–MS for the determination of PBDEs in water samples according to the Water Framework Directive},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8973-y},
abstract = {The Water Framework Directive (WFD) includes some polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the list of priority substances that must be measured in surface waters at very low concentrations. The typical approaches applied to the determination of PBDEs in environmental samples might not meet the demanding requirements of the WFD. In this work, the instrumental capabilities of the mass-spectrometry (MS) techniques most frequently used in the determination of PBDEs, namely gas chromatography–negative-chemical-ionisation MS (GC–NCI MS) and GC–electrospray-ionisation tandem MS (EI MS–MS), are evaluated in comparison with highly sensitive GC–inductively-coupled-plasma MS (ICP-MS) for the reliable determination of PBDEs according to the WFD. Three analytical methods based on the liquid–liquid extraction of water samples and measurement of the extracts by GC–NCI MS, GC–EI MS–MS, or GC–ICP-MS are described. The priority PBDEs were quantified in different types of water sample by means of isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) using 81Br-labelled or 13C-labelled PBDEs spikes, depending on the selected ionisation source. The three proposed methods met the requirements of the European legislation in terms of LOQs and expanded uncertainties. The determination method using 81Br-labelled PBDEs and GC–ICP-MS had the highest sensitivity and the lowest instrumental limits of detection and expanded uncertainties.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8973-y} (DOI). Gonzalez-Gago, A.; Proefrock, D.; Prange, A.: Comparison of GC–NCI MS, GC–ICP-MS, and GC–EI MS–MS for the determination of PBDEs in water samples according to the Water Framework Directive. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2015. vol. 407, no. 26, 8009-8018. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8973-y}}
@misc{helmholz_investigation_on_2015, 
author={Helmholz, H.,Lassen, S.,Ruhnau, C.,Proefrock, D.,Erbsloeh, H.-B.,Prange, A.},
title={Investigation on the proteome response of transplanted blue mussel (Mytilus sp.) during a long term exposure experiment at differently impacted field stations in the German Bight (North Sea)},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.07.021},
abstract = {In a pilot field study the proteome response of Mytilus sp. was analyzed in relation to the concentration of different trace metal contaminants. Over a period of eight month test organisms have been exposed at a near-shore station in the anthropogenic impacted estuary of the river Elbe and at an off-shore station in the vicinity of the Island of Helgoland in the German Bight (North Sea). The stations differ in their hydrological as well as chemical characteristics. The physiological biomarkers, such as condition index which have been continuously monitored during the experiment clearly indicate the effects of the different environmental conditions. Multiple protein abundance changes were detected utilizing the techniques of two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2dGE) and consequently proteins arising as potential candidates for ecotoxicological monitoring have been identified by MALDI-ToF and ToF/ToF mass spectrometry. Different cytoskeletal proteins, enzymes of energy metabolism, stress proteins and one protein relevant for metal detoxification have been pointed out.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.07.021} (DOI). Helmholz, H.; Lassen, S.; Ruhnau, C.; Proefrock, D.; Erbsloeh, H.; Prange, A.: Investigation on the proteome response of transplanted blue mussel (Mytilus sp.) during a long term exposure experiment at differently impacted field stations in the German Bight (North Sea). Marine Environmental Research. 2015. vol. 110, 69-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.07.021}}
@misc{wolschke_organophosphorus_flame_2015, 
author={Wolschke, H.,Suehring, R.,Xie, Z.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in the aquatic environment: A case study of the Elbe River, Germany},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.002},
abstract = {This study reports the occurrence and distribution of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs) in the Elbe and Rhine rivers. A special focus of this investigation concerns the potential impacts of a major flood event in 2013 on the OPE patterns and levels in the Elbe River. In this river, 6 of 13 OPEs were detected, with tris-ethyl-phosphate (TEP, 168 ± 44 ng/L), tris-1,3-dichloro-2-propyl-phosphate (TDCPP, 155 ± 14 ng/L) and tris-1-chloro-2-propyl phosphate (TCPP, 126 ± 14 ng/L) identified as the dominant compounds. Relative to previous studies, an increase in the concentrations and relative contributions of TDCPP to the total level of OPEs was observed, which was likely caused by its increased use as a replacement for the technical pentaBDE formulation. During the flood event, the concentrations of OPEs were similar to the normal situation, but the mass fluxes increased by a factor of approximately ten (∼16 kg/d normal versus ∼160 kg/d flood peak). No input hotspots were identified along the transects of the Elbe and Rhine rivers, and the mass flux of OPEs appeared to be driven by water discharge.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.002} (DOI). Wolschke, H.; Suehring, R.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in the aquatic environment: A case study of the Elbe River, Germany. Environmental Pollution. 2015. vol. 206, 488-493. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.002}}
@misc{franke_reaction_of_2015, 
author={Franke, R.P.,Fuhrmann, R.,Krueger, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Reaction of arterial endothelial cells to stent impression: In vitro study using a model of the human artery wall},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/JCB-15012},
abstract = {Stenoses in arterial blood vessels by artherosclerotic processes can decrease the supply of downstream tissue dramatically. The implantation of stents by percutaneous coronary intervention is one method of choice to restore the physiological blood flow. In some cases in-stent re-stenoses by thrombotic events, vascular wall hyperplasia or endothelial dysfunction occur. Causes and nature underlying this processes are not fully understood.,Aim of the present study was to study the re-stenotic processes after stent impress on a cellular and molecular level in vitro. Therefore, human arterial endothelial cells (HUAEC) were seeded on a model vascular wall intima consisting of extracellular matrix secreted by bovine corneal endothelial cells. Subsequently, a pre-mounted balloon-expendable tubular stent made of 316 L was impressed through the HUAEC layer leading to an impairment of the vessel wall intima. After stent removal the wound healing process, HUAEC membrane integrity, vitality, proliferation and function were assessed.,Immediately after stent impress an increased level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was observed indicating an impairment of the cell membrane integrity. After 24 h baseline LDH values presented again. HUAEC vitality adjacent to the stent impress induced wound was normal (investigated by inverted microscopy). The proliferation of HUAEC was the highest in the direct vicinity of the stent impress induced wound. Prostacyclin and nitric oxide decreased significantly indicating a temporary loss of cell function.,These results could imply that the healing process of the endothelial cell lesion is superior to the maintenance of vascular tonicity and downregulation of platelet aggregation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/JCB-15012} (DOI). Franke, R.; Fuhrmann, R.; Krueger, A.; Jung, F.: Reaction of arterial endothelial cells to stent impression: In vitro study using a model of the human artery wall. Journal of Cellular Biotechnology. 2015. vol. 1, no. 1, 119-130. DOI: 10.3233/JCB-15012}}
@misc{wang_neutral_polyperfluoroalkyl_2015, 
author={Wang, Z.,Xie, Z.,Mi, W.,Moeller, A.,Wolschke, H.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Neutral Poly/Per-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Air from the Atlantic to the Southern Ocean and in Antarctic Snow},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00920},
abstract = {The oceanic scale occurrences of typical neutral poly/per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the atmosphere across the Atlantic, as well as their air-snow exchange at the Antarctic Peninsula, were investigated. Total concentrations of the 12 PFASs (∑PFASs) in gas phase ranged from 2.8 to 68.8 pg m–3 (mean: 23.5 pg m–3), and the levels in snow were from 125 to 303 pg L–1 (mean: 209 pg L–1). Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) were dominant in both air and snow. The differences of specific compounds to ∑PFASs were not significant between air and snow. ∑PFASs were higher above the northern Atlantic compared to the southern Atlantic, and the levels above the southern Atlantic <30°S was the lowest. High atmospheric PFAS levels around the Antarctic Peninsula were the results of a combination of air mass, weak elimination processes and air-snow exchange of PFASs. Higher ratios of 8:2 to 10:2 to 6:2 FTOH were observed in the southern hemisphere, especially around the Antarctic Peninsula, suggesting that PFASs in the region were mainly from the long-range atmospheric transport. No obvious decrease of PFASs was observed in the background marine atmosphere after 2005.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00920} (DOI). Wang, Z.; Xie, Z.; Mi, W.; Moeller, A.; Wolschke, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Neutral Poly/Per-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Air from the Atlantic to the Southern Ocean and in Antarctic Snow. Environmental Science and Technology. 2015. vol. 49, no. 13, 7770-7775. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00920}}
@misc{braune_quantification_of_2015, 
author={Braune, S.,Zhou, S.,Groth, B.,Jung, F.},
title={Quantification of adherent platelets on polymer-based biomaterials. Comparison of colorimetric and microscopic assessment},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-151995},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Platelet adhesion to artificial surfaces is one of the most important indicators for the thrombogenicity of implant materials. Currently, a variety of enzyme activity-based colorimetric assays or microscopy-based techniques are commonly in use to assess this characteristic. Studies about how data of colorimetric assays correlate with the image-based quantification of adherent platelets are scarce. To address this question, the present study compared two colorimetric assays (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acid phosphatase (ACP)) with an image-based quantification of the density of platelets adhering on polymer-based biomaterial surfaces.,MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tri-sodium citrated whole blood was collected from apparently healthy subjects and platelet rich plasma (PRP) was prepared according to a standardized protocol. An in vitro static thrombogenicity test was applied to study platelet adhesion from PRP adjusted to 50,000 platelets per μL on three different polymers: medical grade polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), silicone and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). For the direct image-based approach, surface adherent platelets were fixed, fluorescently labelled and microscopically visualized. The image-based determination of platelet densities provided reference values for the comparison with data of the colorimetric assays. Correlation between standard platelet concentrations and ACP/LDH absorbance measurements were analysed to estimate accuracy and association of both parameters. ACP and LDH release from resting and ADP-stimulated platelets was studied to estimate how platelet activation influences colorimetric assay results.,RESULTS: The density of adherent platelets ranged from 15,693 ± 2,487 platelets·mm–2 (PTFE) to 423 ± 99 platelets·mm–2 (silicone) and 4,621 ± 1,427 platelets·mm–2 (PET) and differed significantly between the three polymers (ANOVA: p <  0.05). Correlation coefficients between microscopic and colorimetric determination of platelet densities ranged between r = 0.93 (LDH, p <  0.001) and r = 0.94 (ACP, p <  0.001). ACP absorbance measurements of platelet standards with different concentrations corresponded well to an ideal linear regression, while LDH data either deceeded or exceeded the expected values. The LDH release during ADP-induced platelet activation was significantly higher compared to the release of ACP.,CONCLUSION: For an adjusted platelet concentration of 50,000 platelets· μL–1, both colorimetric assays (ACP and LDH) allowed a similar accurate quantification of the mean platelet density compared to the microscopic evaluation. Better linearity of the assay standards, less variability of the results and a lower influence of platelet activation on the measurements mark the ACP assay as more suitable for the assessment of material surface adherent platelets compared to the LDH assay, particularly, if near physiological platelet concentrations are applied.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-151995} (DOI). Braune, S.; Zhou, S.; Groth, B.; Jung, F.: Quantification of adherent platelets on polymer-based biomaterials. Comparison of colorimetric and microscopic assessment. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2015. vol. 61, no. 2, 225-236. DOI: 10.3233/CH-151995}}
@misc{krueger_morphology_of_2015, 
author={Krueger, A.,Fuhrmann, R.,Jung, F.,Franke, R.P.},
title={Morphology of primary human venous endothelial cell cultures before and after culture medium exchange},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-151992},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Platelet adhesion to artificial surfaces is one of the most important indicators for the thrombogenicity of implant materials. Currently, a variety of enzyme activity-based colorimetric assays or microscopy-based techniques are commonly in use to assess this characteristic. Studies about how data of colorimetric assays correlate with the image-based quantification of adherent platelets are scarce. To address this question, the present study compared two colorimetric assays (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acid phosphatase (ACP)) with an image-based quantification of the density of platelets adhering on polymer-based biomaterial surfaces.,MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tri-sodium citrated whole blood was collected from apparently healthy subjects and platelet rich plasma (PRP) was prepared according to a standardized protocol. An in vitro static thrombogenicity test was applied to study platelet adhesion from PRP adjusted to 50,000 platelets per μL on three different polymers: medical grade polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), silicone and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). For the direct image-based approach, surface adherent platelets were fixed, fluorescently labelled and microscopically visualized. The image-based determination of platelet densities provided reference values for the comparison with data of the colorimetric assays. Correlation between standard platelet concentrations and ACP/LDH absorbance measurements were analysed to estimate accuracy and association of both parameters. ACP and LDH release from resting and ADP-stimulated platelets was studied to estimate how platelet activation influences colorimetric assay results.,RESULTS: The density of adherent platelets ranged from 15,693 ± 2,487 platelets·mm–2 (PTFE) to 423 ± 99 platelets·mm–2 (silicone) and 4,621 ± 1,427 platelets·mm–2 (PET) and differed significantly between the three polymers (ANOVA: p <  0.05). Correlation coefficients between microscopic and colorimetric determination of platelet densities ranged between r = 0.93 (LDH, p <  0.001) and r = 0.94 (ACP, p <  0.001). ACP absorbance measurements of platelet standards with different concentrations corresponded well to an ideal linear regression, while LDH data either deceeded or exceeded the expected values. The LDH release during ADP-induced platelet activation was significantly higher compared to the release of ACP.,CONCLUSION: For an adjusted platelet concentration of 50,000 platelets· μL–1, both colorimetric assays (ACP and LDH) allowed a similar accurate quantification of the mean platelet density compared to the microscopic evaluation. Better linearity of the assay standards, less variability of the results and a lower influence of platelet activation on the measurements mark the ACP assay as more suitable for the assessment of material surface adherent platelets compared to the LDH assay, particularly, if near physiological platelet concentrations are applied.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-151992} (DOI). Krueger, A.; Fuhrmann, R.; Jung, F.; Franke, R.: Morphology of primary human venous endothelial cell cultures before and after culture medium exchange. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2015. vol. 61, no. 2, 151-156. DOI: 10.3233/CH-151992}}
@misc{somoanoblanco_comparison_of_2015, 
author={Somoano-Blanco, L.,Rodriquez-Gaozalez, P.,Proefrock, D.,Prange, A.,Garcia Alonso, J.I.},
title={Comparison of different mass spectrometric techniques for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls by isotope dilution using 37Cl-labelled analogues},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ay01752a},
abstract = {This work presents the comparison of four different mass spectrometric techniques coupled to gas chromatography (single quadrupole ICP-MS, triple quadrupole ICP-MS/MS, single quadrupole NCI-MS and triple quadrupole EI-MS/MS) for the detection of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in environmental samples and their determination by a new isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) approach. A mixture of twelve priority PCBs labelled with 37Cl was employed as the species-specific isotopically labelled internal standard. The 37Cl-labelled PCBs enable the use of both molecular and elemental ionization sources, such as ICP or NCI, as the isotopic label is in the heteroatom. First, the comparison was carried out by assessing the capabilities of all instruments to measure chlorine isotope ratios and calculating the isotopic enrichment of the labelled analogues. Finally, the analysis of the Certified Reference Material SRM 1941b (organics in marine sediment) containing PCBs in the low ng g−1 range was carried out for method comparison. Elemental ionization sources such as ICP and NCI combined with quadrupole mass spectrometry provided chlorine specific detection and high sensitivity for higher chlorinated compounds but suffered from high background signals from other chlorine containing, co-eluting compounds in the sample which prevented the accurate measurement of PCB-specific chlorine isotope ratios. On the other hand, the use of GC-MS/MS in the selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM) provided selective and accurate measurements but suffered from lower sensitivity for higher chlorinated compounds.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ay01752a} (DOI). Somoano-Blanco, L.; Rodriquez-Gaozalez, P.; Proefrock, D.; Prange, A.; Garcia Alonso, J.: Comparison of different mass spectrometric techniques for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls by isotope dilution using 37Cl-labelled analogues. Analytical Methods. 2015. vol. 7, no. 21, 9068-9075. DOI: 10.1039/c5ay01752a}}
@misc{suehring_fingerprint_analysis_2015, 
author={Suehring, R.,Barber, J.L.,Wolschke, H.,Koetke, D.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Fingerprint analysis of brominated flame retardants and Dechloranes in North Sea sediments},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.018},
abstract = {53 brominated and chlorinated flame retardants were investigated in sediment samples from the German rivers Elbe and Weser, the German Bight, Jadebusen, East Frisian Coast as well as the UK East coast. The aim of the presented study was to investigate the prevalence of different halogenated flame retardant groups as contaminants in North Sea sediments, identify determining factors for the distribution and levels as well as to identify area specific fingerprints that could help identify sources.,In order to do that a fast and effective ASE extraction method with an on-line clean-up was developed as well as a GC-EI-MSMS and LC-ESI-MSMS method to analyse PBDEs, MeOBDEs, alternate BFRs, Dechloranes as well as TBBPA and HBCDD. A fingerprinting method was adopted to identify representative area-specific patterns based on detection frequency as well as concentrations of individual compounds. Concentrations in general were low, with<1 ng g−1 dw for most compounds. Exceptions were the comparably high concentrations of BDE-209 with up to 7 ng g−1 dw in selected samples and TBBPA in UK samples with 2.7±1.5 ng g−1 dw. Apart from BDE-209 and TBBPA, alternate BFRs and Dechloranes were predominant in all analysed samples, displaying the increasing relevance of these compounds as environmental contaminants.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.018} (DOI). Suehring, R.; Barber, J.; Wolschke, H.; Koetke, D.; Ebinghaus, R.: Fingerprint analysis of brominated flame retardants and Dechloranes in North Sea sediments. Environmental Research. 2015. vol. 140, 569-578. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.018}}
@misc{suehring_maternal_transfer_2015, 
author={Suehring, R.,Freese, M.,Schneider, M.,Schubert, S.,Pohlmann, J.-D.,Alaee, M.,Wolschke, H.,Hanel, R.,Ebinghaus, R.,Marohn, L.},
title={Maternal transfer of emerging brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in European eels},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.094},
abstract = {The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is regarded as a critically endangered species. Scientists are in agreement that the “quality of spawners” is a vital factor for the survival of the species. This quality can be impaired by parasites, disease and pollution. Especially endocrine disrupting organic chemicals pose a potential threat to reproduction and development of offspring.,To our knowledge, the findings in this publication for the first time describe maternal transfer of contaminants in eels. We analysed the concentrations of in total 53 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their halogenated substitutes in muscle, gonads and eggs of artificially matured European eels and in muscle and gonads of untreated European eels that were used for comparison. We found evidence that persistent organic pollutants such as PBDEs, as well as their brominated and chlorinated substitutes are redistributed from muscle tissue to gonads and eggs. Concentrations ranged from 0.001 ng g− 1 ww for sum Dechlorane metabolites (DPMA, aCL10DP, aCl11DP) to 2.1 ng g− 1 ww for TBA in eggs, 0.001 ng g− 1 ww for Dechlorane metabolites to 9.4 ng g− 1 ww for TBA in gonads and 0.002 ng g− 1 ww for Dechlorane metabolites to 54 ng g− 1 ww for TBA in muscle tissue. Average egg muscle ratios (EMRs) for compounds detectable in artificially matured eels from both Schlei Fjord and Ems River ranged from 0.01 for Dechlorane 602 (DDC-DBF) to 10.4 for PBEB. Strong correlations were found between flame retardant concentrations and lipid content in the analysed tissue types, as well as transfer rates and octanol–water partitioning coefficient, indicating that these parameters were the driving factors for the observed maternal transfer. Furthermore, indications were found, that TBP-DBPE, TBP-AE, BATE and TBA have a significant uptake from the surrounding water, rather than just food and might additionally be formed by metabolism or biotransformation processes. Dechloranes seem to be of increasing relevance as contaminants in eels and are transferred to eggs. A change of the isomer pattern in comparison to the technical product of Dechlorane Plus (DP) was observed indicating a redistribution of DP from muscle tissue to gonads during silvering with a preference of the syn-isomer. The highly bioaccumulative DDC-DBF was the most abundant Dechlorane in all fish of the comparison group even though it is not produced or imported in the EU. The aldrin related “experimental flame retardant” dibromoaldrin (DBALD) was detected for the first time in the environment in similar or higher concentrations than DP.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.094} (DOI). Suehring, R.; Freese, M.; Schneider, M.; Schubert, S.; Pohlmann, J.; Alaee, M.; Wolschke, H.; Hanel, R.; Ebinghaus, R.; Marohn, L.: Maternal transfer of emerging brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in European eels. Science of the Total Environment. 2015. vol. 530-531, 209-218. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.094}}
@misc{braune_quantification_of_2015, 
author={Braune, S.,Zhou, S.,Groth, B.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Quantification of adherent platelets on biomaterials. Comparison of colorimetric and microscopic assessment},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5301/ijao.5000417},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5301/ijao.5000417} (DOI). Braune, S.; Zhou, S.; Groth, B.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Quantification of adherent platelets on biomaterials. Comparison of colorimetric and microscopic assessment. The International Journal of Artificial Organs. 2015. vol. 38, no. 7, 345-418. DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000417}}
@misc{hiebl_biocompatibility_of_2015, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Nennig, E.,Schiestel, S.,Kovacs, A.,Jung, F.,Fischer, H.},
title={Biocompatibility of a novel zinc stent with a closed-cell-design},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-151983},
abstract = {Biomaterials made of zinc have been widely described to be antioxidative, hypothrombogenic, antiinflammatory and antiproliferative. Additionally in vivo zinc is toxic only in high concentrations and can completely be metabolized in vivo. Due to these properties zinc based vascular stents might be able to reduce the rate of restenosis in comparison to bare metal stents and zinc stents might be also able to limit the foreign body reaction. In the presented study we tested the biocompatibility and degradability of a stent made of zinc and characterized by a closed-cell-design to achieve high opening force and to increase stent stiffness. After 100 days of enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation in 15 ml blood serum (fetal calf serum) a significant loss of weight (1.72 wt% ) was measured. Zinc was compared to other metals in terms of degradation rates. After six weeks of incubation in physiologic sodium chloride solution zinc showed the slowest degradation time, 6 times less than stainless steel and 4 times less than magnesium. In the tests for cytotoxic effects the degraded zinc stent caused no changes in the LDH-release and cell membrane integrity (3T3 cells, mouse fibroblasts) respectively, in the cell activity/proliferation (MTS assay) and in the morphological characteristics of the cells and cell layers in comparison to the control material (polystyrene). Based on these results the tested zinc stent proved to be non-cytotoxic and to be characterized by degradation characteristics which might be advantageous in comparison to magnesium and stainless steel.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-151983} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Nennig, E.; Schiestel, S.; Kovacs, A.; Jung, F.; Fischer, H.: Biocompatibility of a novel zinc stent with a closed-cell-design. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2015. vol. 61, no. 2, 205-211. DOI: 10.3233/CH-151983}}
@misc{heydebreck_vorkommen_und_2015, 
author={Heydebreck, F.,Tang, J.,Xie, Z.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Vorkommen und Verbreitung von perfluorierten Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) in eeuropaeischen und chinesischen Fluss-Aestuar Systemen},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Aufgrund der besorgniserregenden Eigenschaften von langkettigen,PFAS wird bei der Fluorpolymerherstellung vermehrt,auf kurzkettige PFAS und strukturähnliche fluorierte Alternativsubstanzen gesetzt. Zwischen August 2013 und Februar 2015 haben wir 6 Probenahmekampagnen durchgeführt, um die aktuelle PFAS-Belastung in Oberflächenwasser aus,Deutschland, den Niederlanden und China aufzuzeigen,(Heydebreck et al., 2015). Die Proben aus dem chinesischen,Fluss Xiaoqing wiesen – verursacht durch industrielle Abwässer,– hohe Gehalte an Perfluoroctansäure (PFOA) auf,mit Konzentrationen von bis zu 724 μg/L. Die Schadstoffbelastung,war, gemessen an der Summe der detektierten,PFAS, circa 6000fach höher als im Rhein und im Rhein-,Maas-Delta. Dort emittierten Punkt-quellen hauptsächlich den,PFOA-Ersatzstoff 2,3,3,3-Tetra-fluor-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluorpropoxy),propansäure (HFPO-DA).},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Heydebreck, F.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Vorkommen und Verbreitung von perfluorierten Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) in eeuropaeischen und chinesischen Fluss-Aestuar Systemen. Mitteilungen der Fachgruppe Umweltchemie und Oekotoxikologie. 2015. vol. 21, no. 4, 103-106.}}
@misc{mawji_the_geotraces_2015, 
author={Mawji, E.,Schlitzer, R.,Masferrer Dodas, E.,Abadie, C.,Abouchami, W.,Anderson, R.F.,Baars, O.,Bakker, K.,Baskaran, M.,Bates, N.R.,Bluhm, K.,Bowie, A.,Bown, J.,Boye, M.,Boyle, E.A.,Branellec, P.,Bruland, K.W.,Brzezinski, M.A.,Bucciarelli, E.,Buesseler, K.,Butler, E.,Cai, P.,Cardinal, D.,Casciotti, K.,Chaves, J.,Cheng, H.,Chever, F.,Church, T.M.,Colman, A.S.,Conway, T.M.,Croot, P.L.,Cutter, G.A.,de Baar, H.J.W.,de Souza, G.F.,Dehairs, F.,Deng, F.,Thi Dieu, H.,Dulaquais, G.,Echegoyen-Sanz, Y.,Edwards, R.L.,Fahrbach, E.,Fitzsimmons, J.,Fleisher, M.,Frank, M.,Friedrich, J.,Fripiat, F.,Galer, S.J.G.,Gamo, T.,Garcia Solsona, E.,Loes J.A. Gerringa, L.J.A.,Godoy, J.M.,Gonzalez, S.,Grossteffan, E.,Hatta, M.,Hayes, C.T.,Heller, M.I.,Henderson, G.,Huang, K.-F.,Jeandel, C.,Jenkins, W.J.,John, S.,Kenna, T.C.,Klunder, M.,Kretschmer, S.,Kumamoto, Y.,Laan, P.,Labatut, M.,Lacan, F.,Lam, P.J.,Lannuzel, D.,le Moigne, F.,Lechtenfeld, O.J.,Lohan, M.C.,Lu, Y.,Masque, P.,McClain, C.R.,Measures, C.,Middag, R.,Moffett, J.,Navidad, A.,Nishioka, J.,Noble, A.,Obata, H.,Ohnemus, D.C.,Owens, S.,Planchon, F.,Pradoux, C.,Puigcorbe, V.,Quay, P.,Radic, A.,Rehkaemper, M.,Remenyi, T.,Rijkenberg, M.J.A.,Rintoul, S.,Robinson, L.F.,Roeske, T.,Rosenberg, M.,van der Loeff, M.R.,Ryabenko, E.,Saito, M.A.,Roshan, S.,Salt, L.,Sarthou, G.,Schauer, U.,Scott, P.,Sedwick, P.N.,Sha, L.,Shiller, A.M.,Sigman, D.M.,Smethie, W.,Smith, G.J.,Sohrin, Y.,Speich, S.,Stichel, T.,Stutsman, J.,Swift, J.H.,Tagliabue, A.,Thomas, A.,Tsunogai, U.,Twining, B.S.,Aken, H.M.van,Heuven, S.van,Ooijen, J.van,Weerlee, E.van,Venchiarutti, C.,Voelker, A.H.L.,Wake, B.,Warner, M.J.,Woodward, E.M.S.,Wu, J.,Wyatt, N.,Yoshikawa, H.,Zheng, X.-Y.,Xue, Z.,Zieringer, M.,Zimmer, L.A.},
title={The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2014},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.04.005},
abstract = {The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2014 (IDP2014) is the first publicly available data product of the international GEOTRACES programme, and contains data measured and quality controlled before the end of 2013. It consists of two parts: (1) a compilation of digital data for more than 200 trace elements and isotopes (TEIs) as well as classical hydrographic parameters, and (2) the eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas providing a strongly inter-linked on-line atlas including more than 300 section plots and 90 animated 3D scenes. The IDP2014 covers the Atlantic, Arctic, and Indian oceans, exhibiting highest data density in the Atlantic. The TEI data in the IDP2014 are quality controlled by careful assessment of intercalibration results and multi-laboratory data comparisons at cross-over stations. The digital data are provided in several formats, including ASCII spreadsheet, Excel spreadsheet, netCDF, and Ocean Data View collection. In addition to the actual data values the IDP2014 also contains data quality flags and 1-σ data error values where available. Quality flags and error values are useful for data filtering. Metadata about data originators, analytical methods and original publications related to the data are linked to the data in an easily accessible way. The eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas is the visual representation of the IDP2014 data providing section plots and a new kind of animated 3D scenes. The basin-wide 3D scenes allow for viewing of data from many cruises at the same time, thereby providing quick overviews of large-scale tracer distributions. In addition, the 3D scenes provide geographical and bathymetric context that is crucial for the interpretation and assessment of observed tracer plumes, as well as for making inferences about controlling processes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.04.005} (DOI). Mawji, E.; Schlitzer, R.; Masferrer Dodas, E.; Abadie, C.; Abouchami, W.; Anderson, R.; Baars, O.; Bakker, K.; Baskaran, M.; Bates, N.; Bluhm, K.; Bowie, A.; Bown, J.; Boye, M.; Boyle, E.; Branellec, P.; Bruland, K.; Brzezinski, M.; Bucciarelli, E.; Buesseler, K.; Butler, E.; Cai, P.; Cardinal, D.; Casciotti, K.; Chaves, J.; Cheng, H.; Chever, F.; Church, T.; Colman, A.; Conway, T.; Croot, P.; Cutter, G.; de Baar, H.; de Souza, G.; Dehairs, F.; Deng, F.; Thi Dieu, H.; Dulaquais, G.; Echegoyen-Sanz, Y.; Edwards, R.; Fahrbach, E.; Fitzsimmons, J.; Fleisher, M.; Frank, M.; Friedrich, J.; Fripiat, F.; Galer, S.; Gamo, T.; Garcia Solsona, E.; Loes J.A. Gerringa, L.; Godoy, J.; Gonzalez, S.; Grossteffan, E.; Hatta, M.; Hayes, C.; Heller, M.; Henderson, G.; Huang, K.; Jeandel, C.; Jenkins, W.; John, S.; Kenna, T.; Klunder, M.; Kretschmer, S.; Kumamoto, Y.; Laan, P.; Labatut, M.; Lacan, F.; Lam, P.; Lannuzel, D.; le Moigne, F.; Lechtenfeld, O.; Lohan, M.; Lu, Y.; Masque, P.; McClain, C.; Measures, C.; Middag, R.; Moffett, J.; Navidad, A.; Nishioka, J.; Noble, A.; Obata, H.; Ohnemus, D.; Owens, S.; Planchon, F.; Pradoux, C.; Puigcorbe, V.; Quay, P.; Radic, A.; Rehkaemper, M.; Remenyi, T.; Rijkenberg, M.; Rintoul, S.; Robinson, L.; Roeske, T.; Rosenberg, M.; van der Loeff, M.; Ryabenko, E.; Saito, M.; Roshan, S.; Salt, L.; Sarthou, G.; Schauer, U.; Scott, P.; Sedwick, P.; Sha, L.; Shiller, A.; Sigman, D.; Smethie, W.; Smith, G.; Sohrin, Y.; Speich, S.; Stichel, T.; Stutsman, J.; Swift, J.; Tagliabue, A.; Thomas, A.; Tsunogai, U.; Twining, B.; Aken, H.; Heuven, S.; Ooijen, J.; Weerlee, E.; Venchiarutti, C.; Voelker, A.; Wake, B.; Warner, M.; Woodward, E.; Wu, J.; Wyatt, N.; Yoshikawa, H.; Zheng, X.; Xue, Z.; Zieringer, M.; Zimmer, L.: The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2014. Marine Chemistry. 2015. vol. 177 - 1, 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.04.005}}
@misc{imholt_quantifying_the_2015, 
author={Imholt, C.,Reil, D.,Eccard, J.A.,Jacob, D.,Hempelmann, N.,Jacob, J.},
title={Quantifying the past and future impact of climate on outbreak patterns of bank voles (Myodes glareolus)},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3838},
abstract = {BACKGROUND,Central European outbreak populations of the bank vole (Myodes glareolus Schreber) are known to cause damage in forestry and to transmit the most common type of Hantavirus (Puumala virus, PUUV) to humans. A sound estimation of potential effects of future climate scenarios on population dynamics is a prerequisite for long-term management strategies. Historic abundance time series were used to identify the key weather conditions associated with bank vole abundance, and were extrapolated to future climate scenarios to derive potential long-term changes in bank vole abundance dynamics.,RESULTS,Classification and regression tree analysis revealed the most relevant weather parameters associated with high and low bank vole abundances. Summer temperatures 2 years prior to trapping had the highest impact on abundance fluctuation. Extrapolation of the identified parameters to future climate conditions revealed an increase in years with high vole abundance.,CONCLUSION,Key weather patterns associated with vole abundance reflect the importance of superabundant food supply through masting to the occurrence of bank vole outbreaks. Owing to changing climate, these outbreaks are predicted potentially to increase in frequency 3–4-fold by the end of this century. This may negatively affect damage patterns in forestry and the risk of human PUUV infection in the long term.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3838} (DOI). Imholt, C.; Reil, D.; Eccard, J.; Jacob, D.; Hempelmann, N.; Jacob, J.: Quantifying the past and future impact of climate on outbreak patterns of bank voles (Myodes glareolus). Pest Management Science. 2015. vol. 71, no. 2, 166-172. DOI: 10.1002/ps.3838}}
@misc{zhao_spatial_distribution_2015, 
author={Zhao, Z.,Xie, Z.,Tang, J.,Zhang, G.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in surface sediments of the German Bight, North Sea},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.063},
abstract = {Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have been determined in the environment globally. However, studies on the occurrence of PFAAs in marine sediment remain limited. In this study, 16 PFAAs are investigated in surface sediments from the German Bight, which provided a good overview of the spatial distribution. The concentrations of ΣPFAAs ranged from 0.056 to 7.4 ng/g dry weight. The highest concentration was found at the estuary of the River Ems, which might be the result of local discharge source. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was the dominant compound, and the enrichment of PFOS in sediment might be strongly related to the compound structure itself. The geographical condition of the German Bight influenced the movement of water and sediment, resulting in complex distribution. Following normalization according to total organic carbon (TOC) content, PFAA distributions showed a different picture. Significant linear relationships were found between total PFAA concentrations and TOC (R2 = 0.50, p < 0.01). Compared with a previous study conducted in the same area, a declining trend was presented for the concentrations of PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Compound structure, geographical condition, and organic carbon in the sediment influence the distribution of PFAAs in the German Bight. Environmental risk assessment indicated that the risk from PFOA is negligible, whereas PFOS in marine sediment may present a risk for benthic organisms in the German Bight.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.063} (DOI). Zhao, Z.; Xie, Z.; Tang, J.; Zhang, G.; Ebinghaus, R.: Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in surface sediments of the German Bight, North Sea. Science of the Total Environment. 2015. vol. 511, 145-152. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.063}}
@misc{emeis_the_north_2015, 
author={Emeis, K.,van Beusekom, J.,Callies, U.,Ebinghaus, R.,Kannen, A.,Kraus, G.,Kröncke, I.,Lenhatz, H.,Lorkoswski, I.,Matthias, V.,Möllmann, H.,Pätsch, J.,Scharfe, M.,Thomas, H.,Weisse, R.,Zorita, E.},
title={The North Sea - A shelf sea in the Anthropocene},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.03.012},
abstract = {Global and regional change clearly affects the structure and functioning of ecosystems in shelf seas. However, complex interactions within the shelf seas hinder the identification and unambiguous attribution of observed changes to drivers. These include variability in the climate system, in ocean dynamics, in biogeochemistry, and in shelf sea resource exploitation in the widest sense by societies. Observational time series are commonly too short, and resolution, integration time, and complexity of models are often insufficient to unravel natural variability from anthropogenic perturbation. The North Sea is a shelf sea of the North Atlantic and is impacted by virtually all global and regional developments. Natural variability (from interannual to multidecadal time scales) as response to forcing in the North Atlantic is overlain by global trends (sea level, temperature, acidification) and alternating phases of direct human impacts and attempts to remedy those. Human intervention started some 1000 years ago (diking and associated loss of wetlands), expanded to near-coastal parts in the industrial revolution of the mid-19th century (river management, waste disposal in rivers), and greatly accelerated in the mid-1950s (eutrophication, pollution, fisheries). The North Sea is now a heavily regulated shelf sea, yet societal goals (good environmental status versus increased uses), demands for benefits and policies diverge increasingly. Likely, the southern North Sea will be re-zoned as riparian countries dedicate increasing sea space for offshore wind energy generation — with uncertain consequences for the system's environmental status. We review available observational and model data (predominantly from the southeastern North Sea region) to identify and describe effects of natural variability, of secular changes, and of human impacts on the North Sea ecosystem, and outline developments in the next decades in response to environmental legislation, and in response to increased use of shelf sea space.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.03.012} (DOI). Emeis, K.; van Beusekom, J.; Callies, U.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kannen, A.; Kraus, G.; Kröncke, I.; Lenhatz, H.; Lorkoswski, I.; Matthias, V.; Möllmann, H.; Pätsch, J.; Scharfe, M.; Thomas, H.; Weisse, R.; Zorita, E.: The North Sea - A shelf sea in the Anthropocene. Journal of Marine Systems. 2015. vol. 141, 18-33. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.03.012}}
@misc{glavovic_living_on_2015, 
author={Glavovic, B.,Limburg, K.,Liu, K.,Emeis, K.,Thomas, H.,Kremer, H.,Avril, B.,Zhang, J.,Mulholland, M.,Glaser, M.,Swaney, D.},
title={Living on the Margin in the Anthropocene: engagement arenas for sustainability research and action at the ocean–land interface},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.06.003},
abstract = {The advent of the Anthropocene underscores the need to develop and implement transformative governance strategies that safeguard the Earth's life-support systems, most critically at the ocean–land interface — the Margin. The seaward realm of the Margin is the new frontier for resource exploitation and colonization to meet the needs of coastal nations and humanity overall. Here, we spotlight the pivotal role of the Margin for planetary resilience and sustainability, highlight priority issues, and outline a research strategy which aims to: (a) better understand Margin social-ecological systems; (b) guide sustainable development of Margin resources; (c) design governance regimes to reverse unsustainable practices; (d) facilitate equitable sharing of Margin resources; and (e) evaluate alternative research approaches and partnerships that address major Margin challenges.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.06.003} (DOI). Glavovic, B.; Limburg, K.; Liu, K.; Emeis, K.; Thomas, H.; Kremer, H.; Avril, B.; Zhang, J.; Mulholland, M.; Glaser, M.; Swaney, D.: Living on the Margin in the Anthropocene: engagement arenas for sustainability research and action at the ocean–land interface. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2015. vol. 14, 232-238. DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2015.06.003}}
@misc{levin_comparative_biogeochemistryecosystemhuman_2015, 
author={Levin, L.,Liu, K.,Emeis, K.,Breitburg, D.,Cloern, J.,Deutsch, C.,Giani, M.,Goffart, A.,Hofmann, E.,Lachkar, Z.,Limburg, K.,Liu, S.,Montes, E.,Naqvi, W.,Ragueneau, O.,Rabouille, C.,Sarkar, S.,Swaney, D.,Wassman, P.,Wishner, K.},
title={Comparative biogeochemistry–ecosystem–human interactions on dynamic continental margins},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.04.016},
abstract = {The oceans' continental margins face strong and rapid change, forced by a combination of direct human activity, anthropogenic CO2-induced climate change, and natural variability. Stimulated by discussions in Goa, India at the IMBER IMBIZO III, we (1) provide an overview of the drivers of biogeochemical variation and change on margins, (2) compare temporal trends in hydrographic and biogeochemical data across different margins, (3) review ecosystem responses to these changes, (4) highlight the importance of margin time series for detecting and attributing change and (5) examine societal responses to changing margin biogeochemistry and ecosystems. We synthesize information over a wide range of margin settings in order to identify the commonalities and distinctions among continental margin ecosystems. Key drivers of biogeochemical variation include long-term climate cycles, CO2-induced warming, acidification, and deoxygenation, as well as sea level rise, eutrophication, hydrologic and water cycle alteration, changing land use, fishing, and species invasion. Ecosystem responses are complex and impact major margin services. These include primary production, fisheries production, nutrient cycling, shoreline protection, chemical buffering, and biodiversity. Despite regional differences, the societal consequences of these changes are unarguably large and mandate coherent actions to reduce, mitigate and adapt to multiple stressors on continental margins.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.04.016} (DOI). Levin, L.; Liu, K.; Emeis, K.; Breitburg, D.; Cloern, J.; Deutsch, C.; Giani, M.; Goffart, A.; Hofmann, E.; Lachkar, Z.; Limburg, K.; Liu, S.; Montes, E.; Naqvi, W.; Ragueneau, O.; Rabouille, C.; Sarkar, S.; Swaney, D.; Wassman, P.; Wishner, K.: Comparative biogeochemistry–ecosystem–human interactions on dynamic continental margins. Journal of Marine Systems. 2015. vol. 141, 3-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.04.016}}
@misc{liu_preface__2015, 
author={Liu, K.,Emeis, K.,Levin, L.,Naqvi, W.,Roman, M.},
title={Preface - “Biogeochemistry–ecosystem interaction on changing continental margins in the Anthropocene”},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.07.020},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.07.020} (DOI). Liu, K.; Emeis, K.; Levin, L.; Naqvi, W.; Roman, M.: Preface - “Biogeochemistry–ecosystem interaction on changing continental margins in the Anthropocene”. Journal of Marine Systems. 2015. vol. 141, 1-2. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.07.020}}
@misc{walter_interactive_effects_2015, 
author={Walter, B.,Peters, J.,van Beusekom, J.,St.John, M.},
title={Interactive effects of temperature and light during deep convection: a case study on growth and condition of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu218},
abstract = {Aim of this study was to expose phytoplankton to growth conditions simulating deep winter convection in the North Atlantic and thereby to assess changes in physiology enabling their survival. Growth rate, biochemical composition, and photosynthetic activity of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii were determined under two different light scenarios over a temperature range of 5–15°C to simulate conditions experienced by cells during winter deep convection. These metrics were examined under a low light scenario (20 µmol m−2 s−1, 12/12 h light/dark), and compared with a scenario of short light pulses of a higher light intensity (120 µmol m−2 s−1, 2/22 h light/dark). Both experimental light conditions offered the same daily light dose. No growth was observed at temperatures below 8°C. Above 8°C, growth rates were significantly higher under low light conditions compared with those of short pulsed light exposures, indicating a higher efficiency of light utilization. This could be related to (i) a higher content of Chl a per cell in the low light trial and/or (ii) a more efficient transfer of light energy into growth as indicated by constantly low carbohydrate levels. In contrast, pulsed intense light led to an accumulation of carbohydrates, which were catabolized during the longer dark period for maintaining metabolism. Light curves measured via Chl a fluorescence indicated low light assimilation for the algae exposed to short pulsed light. We postulate that our trial with short light pluses did not provide sufficient light to reach full light saturation. In general, photosynthesis was more strongly affected by temperature under pulsed light than under low light conditions. Our results indicate that model estimates of primary production in relation to deep convection, which are based on average low light conditions, not considering vertical transportation of algae will lead to an overestimation of in situ primary production.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu218} (DOI). Walter, B.; Peters, J.; van Beusekom, J.; St.John, M.: Interactive effects of temperature and light during deep convection: a case study on growth and condition of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. ICES Journal of Marine Science. 2015. vol. 72, no. 6, 2061-2071. DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsu218}}
@misc{grimm_late_glacial_2015, 
author={Grimm, R.,Maier-Reimer, E.,Mikolajewicz, U.,Schmiedel, G.,Müller-Navarra, K.,Adloff, F.,Grant, K.,Ziegler, M.,Lourens, L.,Emeis, K.},
title={Late glacial initiation of Holocene eastern Mediterranean sapropel formation},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8099},
abstract = {Recurrent deposition of organic-rich sediment layers (sapropels) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea is caused by complex interactions between climatic and biogeochemical processes. Disentangling these influences is therefore important for Mediterranean palaeo-studies in particular, and for understanding ocean feedback processes in general. Crucially, sapropels are diagnostic of anoxic deep-water phases, which have been attributed to deep-water stagnation, enhanced biological production or both. Here we use an ocean-biogeochemical model to test the effects of commonly proposed climatic and biogeochemical causes for sapropel S1. Our results indicate that deep-water anoxia requires a long prelude of deep-water stagnation, with no particularly strong eutrophication. The model-derived time frame agrees with foraminiferal δ13C records that imply cessation of deep-water renewal from at least Heinrich event 1 to the early Holocene. The simulated low particulate organic carbon burial flux agrees with pre-sapropel reconstructions. Our results offer a mechanistic explanation of glacial–interglacial influence on sapropel formation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8099} (DOI). Grimm, R.; Maier-Reimer, E.; Mikolajewicz, U.; Schmiedel, G.; Müller-Navarra, K.; Adloff, F.; Grant, K.; Ziegler, M.; Lourens, L.; Emeis, K.: Late glacial initiation of Holocene eastern Mediterranean sapropel formation. Nature Communications. 2015. vol. 6, 7099. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8099}}
@misc{zhu_source_attribution_2015, 
author={Zhu, J.,Wang, T.,Bieser, J.,Matthias, V.},
title={Source attribution and process analysis for atmospheric mercury in eastern China simulated by CMAQ-Hg},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8767-2015},
abstract = {The contribution from different emission sources and atmospheric processes to gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), particulate bound mercury (PBM) and mercury deposition in eastern China were quantified using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ-Hg) modeling system run with a nested domain. Natural sources (NAT) and six categories of anthropogenic mercury sources (ANTH) including cement production (CEM), domestic life (DOM), industrial boilers (IND), metal production (MET), coal-fired power plants (PP) and traffic (TRA) were considered for source apportionment. NAT were responsible for 36.6 % of annual averaged GEM concentration, which was regarded as the most important source for GEM in spite of obvious seasonal variation. Among ANTH, the influence of MET and PP on GEM were most evident especially in winter. ANTH dominated the variations of GOM and PBM concentrations with contributions of 86.7 and 79.1 %, respectively. Among ANTH, IND were the largest contributor for GOM (57.5 %) and PBM (34.4 %) so that most mercury deposition came from IND. The effect of mercury emitted from out of China was indicated by a > 30 % contribution to GEM concentration and wet deposition. The contributions from nine processes – consisting of emissions (EMIS), gas-phase chemical production/loss (CHEM), horizontal advection (HADV), vertical advection (ZADV), horizontal advection (HDIF), vertical diffusion (VDIF), dry deposition (DDEP), cloud processes (CLDS) and aerosol processes (AERO) – were calculated for process analysis with their comparison in urban and non-urban regions of the Yangtze River delta (YRD). EMIS and VDIF affected surface GEM and PBM concentrations most and tended to compensate each other all the time in both urban and non-urban areas. However, DDEP was the most important removal process for GOM with 7.3 and 2.9 ng m−3 reduced in the surface of urban and non-urban areas, respectively, in 1 day. The diurnal profile variation of processes revealed the transportation of GOM from urban area to non-urban areas and the importance of CHEM/AERO in higher altitudes which partly caused diffusion of GOM downwards to non-urban areas. Most of the anthropogenic mercury was transported and diffused away from urban areas by HADV and VDIF and increased mercury concentrations in non-urban areas by HADV. Natural emissions only influenced CHEM and AERO more significantly than anthropogenic. Local emissions in the YRD contributed 8.5 % more to GEM and ~ 30 % more to GOM and PBM in urban areas compared to non-urban areas.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8767-2015} (DOI). Zhu, J.; Wang, T.; Bieser, J.; Matthias, V.: Source attribution and process analysis for atmospheric mercury in eastern China simulated by CMAQ-Hg. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2015. vol. 15, no. 15, 8767-8779. DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-8767-2015}}
@misc{potts_detecting_critical_2015, 
author={Potts, T.,O'Higgins, T.,Brennan, R.,Cinnirella, S.,Steiner Brandt, U.,De Vivero, J.,van Beusekom, J.,Troost, T.,Paltriguera, L.,Hosgor, A.},
title={Detecting critical choke points for achieving Good Environmental Status in European seas},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07280-200129},
abstract = {Choke points are social, cultural, political, institutional, or psychological obstructions of social-ecological systems that constrain progress toward an environmental objective. Using a soft systems methodology, different types of chokes points were identified in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, the Baltic, and the North and Mediterranean seas. The choke points were of differing types: cultural and political choke points were identified in Barra and the Mediterranean, respectively, whereas the choke points in the North Sea and Baltic Sea were dependent on differing values toward the mitigation of eutrophication. We conclude with suggestions to identify and address choke points.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07280-200129} (DOI). Potts, T.; O'Higgins, T.; Brennan, R.; Cinnirella, S.; Steiner Brandt, U.; De Vivero, J.; van Beusekom, J.; Troost, T.; Paltriguera, L.; Hosgor, A.: Detecting critical choke points for achieving Good Environmental Status in European seas. Ecology and Society. 2015. vol. 20, no. 1, 29. DOI: 10.5751/ES-07280-200129}}
@misc{baturin_geochemistry_of_2015, 
author={Baturin, G.,Zavjalov, P.,Friedrich, J.},
title={Geochemistry of sediments in the modern Aral Basin},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437015020022},
abstract = {The study presents the first geochemical data on the bottom sediments from the modern desiccating Aral Sea, which allowed a direct comparison between the compositions of the sediments collected during the pre- and postdesiccation periods. This study revealed the differences and similarities in the major and trace element composition of the sediments collected from the former bottom of the Large Aral Sea, the present-day sea bottom, the desiccated sea bottom, and the Amu Darya suspended sediments with respect to the average shale composition. The euxinic sediments from the western deep-water depression are characterized by high concentrations of U, Mo, and organic matter. The precipitation of evaporite salts occurs at the shallowest depths and in the western depression. The salt deposits exposed by the shrinking sea tend to be desalinated due to intense weathering. The mercury detected at high levels in the river suspended sediments of the former Amu Darya discharge was found to be absent in the modern marine sediments due to reductions in the river flow and the possible migration to the atmosphere. Many other trace elements, besides uranium, may also accumulate in seawater.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437015020022} (DOI). Baturin, G.; Zavjalov, P.; Friedrich, J.: Geochemistry of sediments in the modern Aral Basin. Oceanology. 2015. vol. 55, 253-262. DOI: 10.1134/S0001437015020022}}
@misc{dreyer_particlesize_distribution_2015, 
author={Dreyer, A.,Kirchgeorg, T.,Weinberg, I.,Matthias, V.},
title={Particle-size distribution of airborne poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.069},
abstract = {Eleven particle-size-segregated samples were taken to investigate the particle-size distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) using two five stage impactors in parallel. Samples were extracted with methanol and detected by HPLC/MS–MS. Investigation yielded reproducible results for the parallel samples over the entire sampling period. Particle-size distribution varied between perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and other perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), perfluorooctane carboxylate (PFOA) and other perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and n-methyl-perfluorooctanesulfonamido ethanol (MeFOSE). Whereas PFOA and MeFOSE were predominantly observed in smallest size fraction (<0.14 μm), maximum PFOS mass fractions were observed in the coarser size fractions between 1.38 and 3.81 μm. The reason for this different behaviour remained unclear and indicated a complex atmospheric PFAS processing and sampling which should be further investigated and optimized, respectively.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.069} (DOI). Dreyer, A.; Kirchgeorg, T.; Weinberg, I.; Matthias, V.: Particle-size distribution of airborne poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances. Chemosphere. 2015. vol. 129, 142-149. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.069}}
@misc{strizak_characterization_of_2014, 
author={Strizak, Z.,Ivankovic, D.,Proefrock, D.,Helmholz, H.,Cindric, A.-M.,Erk, M.,Prange, A.},
title={Characterization of the cytosolic distribution of priority pollutant metals and metalloids in the digestive gland cytosol of marine mussels: Seasonal and spatial variability},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.051},
abstract = {Cytosolic profiles of several priority pollutant metals (Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb) and metalloid As were analyzed in the digestive gland of the mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) sampled at locations with different environmental pollution levels along the Croatian coast in the spring and summer season. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) connected to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine selected elements bound to cytosolic biomolecules separated based on their molecular size. Copper, cadmium and zinc eluted mostly associated with high molecular weight (HMW) and medium molecular weight (MMW) biomolecules, but with a more prominent elution in the MMW peak at polluted locations which were probably associated with the 20 kDa metallothionein (MT). Elution of all three metals within this peak was also strongly correlated with cytosolic Cd as strong inducer of MT. Lead mostly eluted in HMW biomolecule range, but in elevated cytosolic Pb concentrations, significant amount eluted in low molecular weight (LMW) biomolecules. Arsenic, on the other hand eluted almost completely in LMW range, but we could not distinguish specific molecular weight biomolecules which would be predominant in detoxification mechanism. Seasonal variability in element abundance within specific peaks was present, although not in the same extent, for all elements and locations, especially for As. The results confirm the suitability of the distribution of selected metals/metalloids among different cytosolic ligands as potential indicator for metal exposure. Obtained findings can also serve as guidelines for further separation and characterization of specific cytosolic metal-binding biomolecules.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.051} (DOI). Strizak, Z.; Ivankovic, D.; Proefrock, D.; Helmholz, H.; Cindric, A.; Erk, M.; Prange, A.: Characterization of the cytosolic distribution of priority pollutant metals and metalloids in the digestive gland cytosol of marine mussels: Seasonal and spatial variability. Science of the Total Environment. 2014. vol. 470-471, 159-170. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.051}}
@misc{suehring_brominated_flame_2014, 
author={Suehring, R.,Byer, J.,Freese, M.,Pohlmann, J.-D.,Wolschke, H.,Moeller, A.,Hodson, P.V.,Alaee, M.,Hanel, R.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Brominated flame retardants and Dechloranes in European and American eels from glass to silver life stages},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.096},
abstract = {The populations of American (Anguilla rostrata) and European eels (Anguilla anguilla) have been declining rapidly in the last decades. Organic contaminants are suspected to be one of the possible causes for the decline; however, so far there have been few investigations of the uptake of specific compounds by different life cycle stages (e.g. freshwater or marine stage) and how the contamination patterns develop throughout the eel’s life cycle. In the present study we measured concentrations of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), alternate brominated flame retardants (alternate BFRs) and Dechloranes (Decs) in different life stages of European and American eels to compare the contamination patterns and their development throughout the eel’s life cycle.,In general, concentrations of flame retardants (FRs) were similar to or higher in American than in European eels, and a greater number of FRs were detected. PBDE congeners that are characteristic of the Penta-PBDE formulation were the most abundant FRs in all adult eels as well as American glass eels. In European glass eels the alternate BFR 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenylether (DPTE) and Dechlorane Plus were the dominating FRs, with average concentrations of 1.1 ± 0.31 ng g−1 ww and up to 0.32 ng g−1 ww respectively. Of the PBDEs BDE-183 was the most abundant congener in European glass eels. Low concentrations (less than 10% of the total contamination) of Tetra and Penta-PBDEs in juvenile European eels indicated that bans of technical Penta-PBDE in the European Union are effective. Enrichment of PBDEs was observed over the life stages of both European and American eels. However, a greater relative contribution of PBDEs to the sum FR contamination in American eels indicated an on-going exposure to these substances. High contributions of alternate BFRs in juvenile eels indicated an increased use of these substances in recent years. Concentrations seemed to be driven primarily by location, rather than life stage or age.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.096} (DOI). Suehring, R.; Byer, J.; Freese, M.; Pohlmann, J.; Wolschke, H.; Moeller, A.; Hodson, P.; Alaee, M.; Hanel, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Brominated flame retardants and Dechloranes in European and American eels from glass to silver life stages. Chemosphere. 2014. vol. 116, 104-111. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.096}}
@misc{baranauskiene_comparative_study_2014, 
author={Baranauskiene, J.,Kazlauske, J.,Gustaite, S.,Niemeyer, B.,Liesiene, J.},
title={Comparative Study of Macroporous Silica- and Cellulose-based Sorbents for Lectin Affinity Chromatography},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2013.825845},
abstract = {Preparative lectin affinity chromatography is widely used as a first step for the isolation and purification of glycoproteins. In this work lectin affinity adsorbents for preparative processes were prepared on different macroporous matrices: silica coated with polyvinyl alcohol or its cationic derivative, and cellulose. Activation of the matrices with carbonyldiimidazole and immobilization of Concanavalin A (ConA) was studied. The chromatographic performance of prepared adsorbents was evaluated by means of glucose oxidase (GOD) adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves. It was found that the adsorption isotherms include two steps. It was supposed that the second step might be a result of GOD dimmer adsorption from GOD solutions of a high concentration. The dissociation constant of the affinity pair was found in the magnitude of 10−6–10−7 mol L−1. Breakthrough curves showed that the sorption process on a soft cellulose-based adsorbent was highly influenced by the diffusion. Thus, the flow rate applicable for cellulose-based adsorbents should be lower than that for silica ones. In both static and dynamic GOD adsorption conditions a higher sorption capacity was obtained on the cellulose-based adsorbent, although kinetic parameters were better on silica-based ones. Moreover, despite the surface coating with hydrophilic polymers, silica adsorbents possessed high non-specific sorption of the protein.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2013.825845} (DOI). Baranauskiene, J.; Kazlauske, J.; Gustaite, S.; Niemeyer, B.; Liesiene, J.: Comparative Study of Macroporous Silica- and Cellulose-based Sorbents for Lectin Affinity Chromatography. Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies. 2014. vol. 37, no. 13, 1847-1861. DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.825845}}
@misc{steffen_atmospheric_mercury_2014, 
author={Steffen, A.,Bottenheim, J.,Cole, A.,Ebinghaus, R.,Lawson, G.,Leaitch, W.R.},
title={Atmospheric mercury speciation and mercury in snow over time at Alert, Canada},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2219-2014},
abstract = {Ten years of atmospheric mercury speciation data and 14 years of mercury in snow data from Alert, Nunavut, Canada, are examined. The speciation data, collected from 2002 to 2011, includes gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), particulate mercury (PHg) and reactive gaseous mercury (RGM). During the winter-spring period of atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs), when GEM is close to being completely depleted from the air, the concentration of both PHg and RGM rise significantly. During this period, the median concentrations for PHg is 28.2 pgm−3 and RGM is 23.9 pgm−3, from March to June, in comparison to the annual median concentrations of 11.3 and 3.2 pgm−3 for PHg and RGM, respectively. In each of the ten years of sampling, the concentration of PHg increases steadily from January through March and is higher than the concentration of RGM. This pattern begins to change in April when the levels of PHg peak and RGM begin to increase. In May, the high PHg and low RGM concentration regime observed in the early spring undergoes a transition to a regime with higher RGM and much lower PHg concentrations. The higher RGM concentration continues into June. The transition is driven by the atmospheric conditions of air temperature and particle availability. Firstly, a high ratio of the concentrations of PHg to RGM is reported at low temperatures which suggests that oxidized gaseous mercury partitions to available particles to form PHg. Prior to the transition, the median air temperature is −24.8 °C and after the transition the median air temperature is −5.8 °C. Secondly, the high PHg concentrations occur in the spring when high particle concentrations are present. The high particle concentrations are principally due to Arctic haze and sea salts. In the snow, the concentrations of mercury peak in May for all years. Springtime deposition of total mercury to the snow at Alert peaks in May when atmospheric conditions favour higher levels of RGM. Therefore, the conditions in the atmosphere directly impact when the highest amount of mercury will be deposited to the snow during the Arctic spring.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2219-2014} (DOI). Steffen, A.; Bottenheim, J.; Cole, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Lawson, G.; Leaitch, W.: Atmospheric mercury speciation and mercury in snow over time at Alert, Canada. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2014. vol. 14, no. 5, 2219-2231. DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-2219-2014}}
@misc{wang_experimental_and_2014, 
author={Wang, Z.,Huang, Y.,Srinivasan, A.,Liu, Z.,Beckmann, F.,Kainer, K.U.,Hort, N.},
title={Experimental and numerical analysis of hot tearing susceptibility for Mg–Y alloys},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7712-z},
abstract = {The influences of Y content and initial mold temperatures on the hot tearing susceptibility (HTS) of binary Mg–Y alloys were investigated using a constrained rod casting (CRC) apparatus, which is equipped with a load cell and data acquisition systems. The hot crack formation was monitored during CRC experiments. The experimental results show that HTS first increases with increase in the Y content, reaches the maximum at about 1.5 wt% Y and then decreases with further increase in the content of Y. The severest of hot tearing is found in Mg–1.5 wt% Y alloy which is due to its large columnar grain structure, wide solidification range, and small amount of eutectic. The resistance to hot tearing is apparently improved by increasing the initial mold temperature. ProCAST simulation software was used to predict the hot tearing of Mg–Y alloys in CRC. The simulation results show a good agreement with the experimental measurements. The numerical simulations will be helpful and valuable to optimize the alloy composition and casting parameters to minimize the hot tearing defects.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7712-z} (DOI). Wang, Z.; Huang, Y.; Srinivasan, A.; Liu, Z.; Beckmann, F.; Kainer, K.; Hort, N.: Experimental and numerical analysis of hot tearing susceptibility for Mg–Y alloys. Journal of Materials Science. 2014. vol. 49, 353-362. DOI: 10.1007/s10853-013-7712-z}}
@misc{franke_effect_of_2014, 
author={Franke, R.-P.,Scharnweber, T.,Fuhrmann, R.,Wenzel, F.,Krueger, A.,Mrowietz, C.,Jung, F.},
title={Effect of Radiographic Contrast Media on the Spectrin/Band3-Network of the Membrane Skeleton of Erythrocytes},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089512},
abstract = {The membrane of red blood cells consists of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded membrane proteins and is associated on the cytoplasmatic side with a network of proteins, the membrane skeleton. Band3 has an important role as centre of the functional complexes e.g. gas exchange complex and as element of attachment for the membrane skeleton maintaining membrane stability and flexibility. Up to now it is unclear if band3 is involved in the morphology change of red blood cells after contact with radiographic contrast media. The study revealed for the first time that Iopromide induced markedly more severe alterations of the membrane skeleton compared to Iodixanol whose effects were similar to erythrocytes suspended in autologous plasma. A remarkable clustering of band3 was found associated with an accumulation of band3 in spicules and also a sequestration of band3 to the extracellular space. This was evidently accompanied by a gross reduction of functional band3 complexes combined with a dissociation of spectrin from band3 leading to a loss of homogeneity of the spectrin network. It could be demonstrated for the first time that RCM not only induced echinocyte formation but also exocytosis of particles at least coated with band3.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089512} (DOI). Franke, R.; Scharnweber, T.; Fuhrmann, R.; Wenzel, F.; Krueger, A.; Mrowietz, C.; Jung, F.: Effect of Radiographic Contrast Media on the Spectrin/Band3-Network of the Membrane Skeleton of Erythrocytes. PLoS One. 2014. vol. 9, no. 2, e89512. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089512}}
@misc{wang_accumulation_of_2014, 
author={Wang, X.,Halsall, C.,Codling, G.,Xie, Z.,Xu, B.,Zhao, Z.,Xue, Y.,Ebinghaus, R.,Jones, K.C.},
title={Accumulation of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds in Tibetan Mountain Snow: Temporal Patterns from 1980 to 2010},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/es4044775},
abstract = {The use of snow and ice cores as recorders of environmental contamination is particularly relevant for per- and polyfluoroalky substances (PFASs) given their production history, differing source regions and varied mechanisms driving their global distribution. In a unique study perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were analyzed in dated snow-cores obtained from high mountain glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). One snow core was obtained from the Mt Muztagata glacier (accumulation period of 1980–1999), located in western Tibet and a second core from Mt. Zuoqiupo (accumulation period: 1996–2007) located in southeastern Tibet, with fresh surface snow collected near Lake Namco in 2010 (southern Tibet). The higher concentrations of ∑PFAAs were observed in the older Mt Muztagata core and dominated by perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (61.4–346 pg/L) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (40.8–243 pg/L), whereas in the Mt Zuoqiupu core the concentrations were lower (e.g., PFOA: 37.8–183 pg/L) with PFOS below detection limits. These differences in PFAA concentrations and composition profile likely reflect the upwind sources affecting the respective sites (e.g., European/central Asian sources for Mt Muztagata and India sources for Mt Zuoqiupu). Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) dominated the recent surface snowpack of Lake Namco which is mainly associated with India sources where the shorter chain volatile PFASs precursors predominate. The use of snow cores in different parts of Tibet provides useful recorders to examine the influence of different PFASs source regions and reflect changing PFAS production/use in the Northern Hemisphere.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/es4044775} (DOI). Wang, X.; Halsall, C.; Codling, G.; Xie, Z.; Xu, B.; Zhao, Z.; Xue, Y.; Ebinghaus, R.; Jones, K.: Accumulation of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds in Tibetan Mountain Snow: Temporal Patterns from 1980 to 2010. Environmental Science and Technology. 2014. vol. 48, no. 1, 173-181. DOI: 10.1021/es4044775}}
@misc{roch_interaction_of_2014, 
author={Roch, T.,Schulz, C.,Jung, F.,Ma, N.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Interaction of poly(ether imide) films with early immune mechanisms},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-141831},
abstract = {With the worldwide increase of atherosclerosis, the need for new engineered patient specific implants such as stents or vascular grafts is still emerging. Recently, very smooth poly(ether imide) (PEI) films were, based on their excellent hemocompatibility and compatibility with endothelial cells, suggested as potential biomaterial for cardiovascular applications. In atherosclerosis, immune mechanisms such as complement activation, but also cellular responses such as monocytes and neutrophils activation, can mediate the inflammatory response. Therefore, it is important that the implant material itself does not trigger the inflammatory response. Early immune mechanisms - e.g. macrophage activation, complement induction, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by leukocytes - could potentiate the inflammatory responses, and may thereby alter endothelial cells behaviour or facilitate platelet activation. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the immuno-compatibility of PEI-films. The PEI-films were fabricated from commercially available PEI, which was dissolved in dichloromethane and pulled out on a cleaned, smooth glass surface and subsequently, solvent residues were removed during the drying procedure. Using a murine macrophage reporter cell line possible material bound microbial contaminations and material intrinsic immuno-stimulatory properties were investigated. The macrophages were viable after adhering on the PEI-films and did not show signs of activation, indicating that the used PEI-film was free of microbial contaminations. To determine whether PEI-films induced complement activation, the release of C5a in pooled human plasma was analyzed. The detected C5a levels did not differ between PEI-films and tissue culture plates (TCP), which served as control material. Furthermore, in whole human blood, the generation of ROS as well as the cytokine production were investigated by flow cytometry and by multiplex bead arrays, respectively. The production of IL-6 and TNF-α as well as the generation of ROS by immune cells of the whole blood was not induced upon contact with PEI-films. The immunological evaluation of PEI-films revealed that no substantial activation of the investigated early immune mechanisms occurred. Altogether, this data demonstrate that PEI is immuno-compatible and from that perspective may be a suitable biomaterial for cardiovascular applications.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-141831} (DOI). Roch, T.; Schulz, C.; Jung, F.; Ma, N.; Lendlein, A.: Interaction of poly(ether imide) films with early immune mechanisms. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2014. vol. 57, no. 2, 203-212. DOI: 10.3233/CH-141831}}
@misc{schulz_adherence_and_2014, 
author={Schulz, C.,Ruesten-Lange, M.v.,Krueger, A.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Adherence and shear-resistance of primary human endothelial cells on smooth poly(ether imide) films},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-141826},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Occlusions of artificial small-diameter cardiovascular grafts are frequent events after implantation, often caused by clot formations. A main factor is the insufficient hemocompatibility of the inner artificial graft surface, which could be improved by endothelialization. Therefore, one challenge in cardiovascular graft engineering is the establishment of a shear-resistant endothelial cell layer to prevent cell detachment by shear forces after implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Recently, very smooth (Rq = 2.37 ± 1.40 nm) poly(ether imide) (PEI) films were introduced as a biocompatible candidate material for cardiovascular devices. In this study the stability of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayer was investigated after long-term seeding (9 days) on PEI-films and subsequent exposure to a venous shear stress of 3 dyn/cm2 for up to 6 hours using the cone-and-plate shearing technique. Cell density, growth pattern and morphology of HUVEC were determined prior and after shearing compared to glass as control substrate. HUVEC adhering to the substrate after shear stress were counted and analyzed by fluorescent staining. Supernatants were collected and secretion profile analysis of vasoactive and inflammatory mediators was performed. RESULTS: The cell density on PEI-films compared to the controls was slightly higher after long-term seeding and exposure to shear stress (glass: 71,656 ± 8,830 cells/cm2 and 42,239 ± 5,607 cells/cm2; PEI-film: 64,056 ± 2,829 cells/cm2 and 45,422 ± 2,507 cells/cm2 before and after shear stress, respectively). Actin- and vinculin-staining revealed a scattered re-organization of the cytoskeleton as well as a formation of stress fibers and focal adhesion points. Secretion of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 was increased after application of shear stress, but no significant differences were detectable between cells growing on PEI-films or glass. Amounts of secreted inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in the supernatant were significantly lower for HUVEC seeded on PEI-films compared to glass before as well as after stress. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that HUVEC were able to resist exposure to venous shear stress when seeded on smooth PEI-films with typical morphology and adhesion behavior. However, HUVEC adherence on PEI was not yet sufficient to retain a complete cell monolayer after shear stress exposure. Occasionally, single cells or cell plaques were disrupted resulting in cell free areas in the confluent HUVEC layer. Apart from this our data suggest that PEI is a suitable substrate for HUVEC under static and dynamic conditions and therefore a promising candidate material for cardiovascular applications. The next objective is a surface functionalization of the PEI-films in a cell specific manner to reach a functionally confluent, shear resistant HUVEC monolayer.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-141826} (DOI). Schulz, C.; Ruesten-Lange, M.; Krueger, A.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Adherence and shear-resistance of primary human endothelial cells on smooth poly(ether imide) films. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2014. vol. 57, no. 2, 147-158. DOI: 10.3233/CH-141826}}
@misc{zhong_selected_currentuse_2014, 
author={Zhong, G.,Tang, J.,Xie, Z.,Moeller, A.,Zhao, Z.,Sturm, R.,Chen, Y.,Tian, C.,Pan, X.,Qin, W.,Zhang, G.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Selected current‐use and historic‐use pesticides in air and seawater of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020951},
abstract = {Consumption of pesticides in China has increased rapidly in recent years; however, occurrence and fate of current-use pesticides (CUPs) in China coastal waters are poorly understood. Globally banned pesticides, so-called historic-use pesticides (HUPs), are still commonly observed in the environment. In this work, air and surface seawater samples taken from the Bohai and Yellow Seas in May 2012 were analyzed for CUPs including trifluralin, quintozene, chlorothalonil, dicofol, chlorpyrifos, and dacthal, as well as HUPs (hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and endosulfan). CUP profile in both air and seawater samples generally reflected their consumption patterns in China. HUPs in the air and seawater samples were in comparable levels as those of CUPs with high concentrations. α-Endosulfan, dicofol, and chlorothalonil showed strong net deposition likely resulting from their intensive use in recent years, while CUPs with low consumption amount (quintozene and dacthal) were close to equilibrium at most samplings sites. Another CUP with high usage amout (i.e., chlorpyrifos) underwent volatilization possibly due to its longer half-life in seawater than that in air. α-HCH and γ-HCH were close to equilibrium in the Bohai Sea, but mainly underwent net deposition in the Yellow Sea. The net deposition of α-HCH could be attributed to polluted air pulses from the East China identified by air mass back trajectories. β-HCH showed net volatilization in the Bohai Sea, which was driven by its relative enrichment in seawater. HCB either slightly favored net volatilization or was close to equilibrium in the Bohai and Yellow Seas.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020951} (DOI). Zhong, G.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Moeller, A.; Zhao, Z.; Sturm, R.; Chen, Y.; Tian, C.; Pan, X.; Qin, W.; Zhang, G.; Ebinghaus, R.: Selected current‐use and historic‐use pesticides in air and seawater of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China. Journal of Geophysical Research : Atmospheres. 2014. vol. 119, no. 2, 1073-1086. DOI: 10.1002/2013JD020951}}
@misc{wang_atmospheric_concentrations_2014, 
author={Wang, Z.,Xie, Z.,Moeller, A.,Mi, W.,Wolschke, H.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Atmospheric concentrations and gas/particle partitioning of neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in northern German coast},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.036},
abstract = {Total 58 high volume air samples were collected in Büsum, Germany, from August 2011 to October 2012 to investigate air concentrations of 12 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and their gas/particle partitioning. The total concentration (vapor plus particle phases) of the 12 PFASs (ΣPFASs) ranged from 8.6 to 155 pg/m3 (mean: 41 pg/m3) while fluorotelomer alcohols 8:2 (8:2 FTOH) dominated all samples accounting for 61.9% of ΣPFASs and the next most species were 10:2 FTOH (12.7%). Air mass back trajectory analysis showed that atmospheric PFASs in most samples were from long range atmospheric transport processes and had higher ratios of 8:2 to 6:2 FTOH compared to the data obtained from urban/industrial sources. Small portion of particle PFASs in the atmosphere was observed and the average percent to ΣPFASs was 2.0%. The particle-associated fractions of different PFASs decreased from perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanols (FOSEs) (15.5%) to fluorotelomer acrylates (FTAs) (7.6%) to perfluorooctane sulfonamides (FOSAs) (3.1%) and FTOHs (1.8%), indicating the functional group obviously influenced their gas/particle partitioning. For neutral compounds with acid dissociation constant (pKa) > 7.0 (i.e., FTOHs, FOSEs and FOSAs), a significant log-linear relationship was observed between their gas/particle partition coefficients (KSP) and vapor pressures (pºL), suggesting the gas/particle partitioning of neutral PFASs agreed with the classical logKSP - logpºL relation. Due to the pKa values of 6:2 and 8:2 FTA below the typical environmental pH conditions, they mainly exist as ionic form in aerosols, and the corrected logKSP (neutral form) were considerably lower than those of FTOHs, FOSEs and FOSAs with similar vapor pressures. Considering the strong partitioning potential to aqueous phases for ionic PFASs at higher pH values, a need exists to develop a model taking account of the ad/absorption mechanism to the condensed phase of aerosols for ionizable PFASs (e.g., FTAs).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.036} (DOI). Wang, Z.; Xie, Z.; Moeller, A.; Mi, W.; Wolschke, H.; Ebinghaus, R.: Atmospheric concentrations and gas/particle partitioning of neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in northern German coast. Atmospheric Environment. 2014. vol. 95, 207-213. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.036}}
@misc{trautwein_occurrence_of_2014, 
author={Trautwein, C.,Berset, J.-D.,Wolschke, H.,Kuemmerer, K.},
title={Occurrence of the antidiabetic drug Metformin and its ultimate transformation product Guanylurea in several compartments of the aquatic cycle},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.008},
abstract = {In 2030, the World Health Organization estimates that more than 350 million people will be diagnosed with diabetes. Consequently, Metformin – the biguanide drug of choice orally administered for diabetes type II – is anticipated to see a spike in production.,Unlike many pharmaceutical drugs, Metformin (Met) is not metabolized by humans but passes through the body unchanged. Entering aquatic compartments, such as in sewage, it can be bacterially transformed to the ultimate transformation product Guanylurea (Gua).,Sampling over one week (n = 5) from a Southern German sewage treatment plant revealed very high average (AV) concentrations in influent (AVMet = 111,800 ng/L, AVGua = 1300 ng/L) and effluent samples (AVMet = 4800 ng/L, AVGua = 44,000 ng/L).,To provide a more complete picture of the distribution and potential persistence of these compounds in the German water cycle, a new, efficient and highly sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method with direct injection was used for the measurement of Metformin and Guanylurea in drinking, surface, sewage and seawater. Limits of quantification (LOQ) ranging from 2–10 ng/L allowed the detection of Metformin and Guanylurea in different locations such as: Lake Constance (n = 11: AVMet = 102 ng/L, AVGua = 16 ng/L), river Elbe (n = 12: AVMet = 472 ng/L, AVGua = 9 ng/L), river Weser (n = 6: AVMet = 349 ng/L, AVGua = 137 ng/L) and for the first time in marine North Sea water (n = 14: AVMet = 13 ng/L, AVGua = 11 ng/L). Based on daily water discharges, Metformin loads of 15.2 kg/d (Elbe) and 6.4 kg/d (Weser) into the North Sea were calculated. Lake Constance is used to abstract potable water which is further purified to be used as drinking water. A first screening of two tap water samples contained 2 ng/L and 61 ng/L of Metformin, respectively. The results of this study suggest that Metformin and Guanylurea could be distributed over a large fraction of the world's potable water sources and oceans. With no natural degradation processes, these compounds can be easily reintroduced to humans as they enter the food chain.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.008} (DOI). Trautwein, C.; Berset, J.; Wolschke, H.; Kuemmerer, K.: Occurrence of the antidiabetic drug Metformin and its ultimate transformation product Guanylurea in several compartments of the aquatic cycle. Environment International. 2014. vol. 70, 203-212. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.008}}
@misc{neffe_multivalent_grafting_2014, 
author={Neffe, A.T.,Ruesten-Lange, M.v.,Braune, S.,Luetzow, K.,Roch, T.,Richau, K.,Krueger, A.,Becherer, T.,Thuenemann, A.F.,Jung, F.,Haag, R.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Multivalent grafting of hyperbranched oligo- and polyglycerols shielding rough membranes to mediate hemocompatibility},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TB00184B},
abstract = {Hemocompatible materials are needed for internal and extracorporeal biomedical applications, which should be realizable by reducing protein and thrombocyte adhesion to such materials. Polyethers have been demonstrated to be highly efficient in this respect on smooth surfaces. Here, we investigate the grafting of oligo- and polyglycerols to rough poly(ether imide) membranes as a polymer relevant to biomedical applications and show the reduction of protein and thrombocyte adhesion as well as thrombocyte activation. It could be demonstrated that, by performing surface grafting with oligo- and polyglycerols of relatively high polydispersity (>1.5) and several reactive groups for surface anchoring, full surface shielding can be reached, which leads to reduced protein adsorption of albumin and fibrinogen. In addition, adherent thrombocytes were not activated. This could be clearly shown by immunostaining adherent proteins and analyzing the thrombocyte covered area. The presented work provides an important strategy for the development of application relevant hemocompatible 3D structured materials.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TB00184B} (DOI). Neffe, A.; Ruesten-Lange, M.; Braune, S.; Luetzow, K.; Roch, T.; Richau, K.; Krueger, A.; Becherer, T.; Thuenemann, A.; Jung, F.; Haag, R.; Lendlein, A.: Multivalent grafting of hyperbranched oligo- and polyglycerols shielding rough membranes to mediate hemocompatibility. Journal of Materials Chemistry  B. 2014. vol. 2, no. 23, 3626-3635. DOI: 10.1039/C4TB00184B}}
@misc{beyn_changes_in_2014, 
author={Beyn, F.,Matthias, V.,Daehnke, K.},
title={Changes in atmospheric nitrate deposition in Germany – An isotopic perspective},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.043},
abstract = {We investigated the isotopic composition of atmospheric NO3− deposition at a moderately polluted site in Western Europe over an annual cycle from December 2011 to November 2012. On average, we measured load-weighted δ15N values of +0.1 and +3.0‰ in wet and dry deposition, respectively. A comparison to source-specific N emission trends and to isotope data from the 1980s reveals distinct changes in δ15N–NO3− values: In contrast to the increasing relative importance of isotopically depleted natural NOx sources, we find an increase of isotope values in comparison to historical data. We explore the role of land-based N sources, because backward trajectories reveal a correlation of higher δ15N to air mass origin from industrialized areas. Nowadays isotopically enriched NOx of coal-fired power plants using selective catalytic converters and land-based vehicle emissions, which use same technology, are apparently the main driver of rising δ15N values in nitrate deposition.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.043} (DOI). Beyn, F.; Matthias, V.; Daehnke, K.: Changes in atmospheric nitrate deposition in Germany – An isotopic perspective. Environmental Pollution. 2014. vol. 194, 1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.043}}
@misc{bieser_a_diagnostic_2014, 
author={Bieser, J.,De Simone, F.,Gencarelli, C.,Geyer, B.,Hedgecock, I.,Matthias, V.,Travnikov, O.,Weigelt, A.},
title={A diagnostic evaluation of modeled mercury wet depositions in Europe using atmospheric speciated high-resolution observations},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2863-2},
abstract = {This study is part of the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS), a European FP7 project dedicated to the improvement and validation of mercury models to assist in establishing a global monitoring network and to support political decisions. One key question about the global mercury cycle is the efficiency of its removal out of the atmosphere into other environmental compartments. So far, the evaluation of modeled wet deposition of mercury was difficult because of a lack of long-term measurements of oxidized and elemental mercury. The oxidized mercury species gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and particle-bound mercury (PBM) which are found in the atmosphere in typical concentrations of a few to a few tens pg/m3 are the relevant components for the wet deposition of mercury. In this study, the first European long-term dataset of speciated mercury taken at Waldhof/Germany was used to evaluate deposition fields modeled with the chemistry transport model (CTM) Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) and to analyze the influence of the governing parameters. The influence of the parameters precipitation and atmospheric concentration was evaluated using different input datasets for a variety of CMAQ simulations for the year 2009. It was found that on the basis of daily and weekly measurement data, the bias of modeled depositions could be explained by the bias of precipitation fields and atmospheric concentrations of GOM and PBM. A correction of the modeled wet deposition using observed daily precipitation increased the correlation, on average, from 0.17 to 0.78. An additional correction based on the daily average GOM and PBM concentration lead to a 50 % decrease of the model error for all CMAQ scenarios. Monthly deposition measurements were found to have a too low temporal resolution to adequately analyze model deficiencies in wet deposition processes due to the nonlinear nature of the scavenging process. Moreover, the general overestimation of atmospheric GOM by the CTM in combination with an underestimation of low precipitation events in the meteorological models lead to a good agreement of total annual wet deposition besides the large error in weekly deposition estimates. Moreover, it was found that the current speciation profiles for GOM emissions are the main factor for the overestimation of atmospheric GOM concentrations and might need to be revised in the future. The assumption of zero emissions of GOM lead to an improvement of the mean normalized bias for three-hourly observations of atmospheric GOM from 9.7 to 0.5, Furthermore, the diurnal correlation between model and observation increased from 0.01 to 0.64. This is a strong indicator that GOM is not directly emitted from primary sources but is mainly created by oxidation of GEM.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2863-2} (DOI). Bieser, J.; De Simone, F.; Gencarelli, C.; Geyer, B.; Hedgecock, I.; Matthias, V.; Travnikov, O.; Weigelt, A.: A diagnostic evaluation of modeled mercury wet depositions in Europe using atmospheric speciated high-resolution observations. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2014. vol. 21, no. 16, 9995-10012. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2863-2}}
@misc{martinsson_comparison_between_2014, 
author={Martinsson, B.G.,Friberg, J.,Andersson, S.M.,Weigelt, A.,Hermann, M.,Assmann, D.,Voigtlaender, J.,Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M.,Velthoven, P.J.F.van,Zahn, A.},
title={Comparison between CARIBIC Aerosol Samples Analysed by Accelerator-Based Methods and Optical Particle Counter Measurements},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2581-2014},
abstract = {Inter-comparison of results from two kinds of aerosol systems in the CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on a Instrument Container) passenger aircraft based observatory, operating during intercontinental flights at 9–12 km altitude, is presented. Aerosol from the lowermost stratosphere (LMS), the extra-tropical upper troposphere (UT) and the tropical mid troposphere (MT) were investigated. Aerosol particle volume concentration measured with an optical particle counter (OPC) is compared with analytical results of the sum of masses of all major and several minor constituents from aerosol samples collected with an impactor. Analyses were undertaken with the following accelerator-based methods: particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and particle elastic scattering analysis (PESA). Data from 48 flights during 1 year are used, leading to a total of 106 individual comparisons. The ratios of the particle volume from the OPC and the total mass from the analyses were in 84% within a relatively narrow interval. Data points outside this interval are connected with inlet-related effects in clouds, large variability in aerosol composition, particle size distribution effects and some cases of non-ideal sampling. Overall, the comparison of these two CARIBIC measurements based on vastly different methods show good agreement, implying that the chemical and size information can be combined in studies of the MT/UT/LMS aerosol.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2581-2014} (DOI). Martinsson, B.; Friberg, J.; Andersson, S.; Weigelt, A.; Hermann, M.; Assmann, D.; Voigtlaender, J.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Velthoven, P.; Zahn, A.: Comparison between CARIBIC Aerosol Samples Analysed by Accelerator-Based Methods and Optical Particle Counter Measurements. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2014. vol. 7, no. 8, 2581-2596. DOI: 10.5194/amt-7-2581-2014}}
@misc{slemr_mercury_plumes_2014, 
author={Slemr, F.,Weigelt, A.,Ebinghaus, R.,Brenninkmeijer, C.,Baker, A.,Schuck, T.,Rauthe-Schöch, A.,Riede, H.,Leedham, E.,Hermann, M.,Velthoven, P.van,Oram, D.,O`Sullivan, D.,Dyroff, C.,Zahn, A.,Ziereis, H.},
title={Mercury Plumes in the Global Upper Troposphere Observed during Flights with the CARIBIC Observatory from May 2005 until June 2013},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos5020342},
abstract = {Tropospheric sections of flights with the CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrumented Container) observatory from May 2005 until June 2013, are investigated for the occurrence of plumes with elevated Hg concentrations. Additional information on CO, CO2, CH4, NOy, O3, hydrocarbons, halocarbons, acetone and acetonitrile enable us to attribute the plumes to biomass burning, urban/industrial sources or a mixture of both. Altogether, 98 pollution plumes with elevated Hg concentrations and CO mixing ratios were encountered, and the Hg/CO emission ratios for 49 of them could be calculated. Most of the plumes were found over East Asia, in the African equatorial region, over South America and over Pakistan and India. The plumes encountered over equatorial Africa and over South America originate predominantly from biomass burning, as evidenced by the low Hg/CO emission ratios and elevated mixing ratios of acetonitrile, CH3Cl and particle concentrations. The backward trajectories point to the regions around the Rift Valley and the Amazon Basin, with its outskirts, as the source areas. The plumes encountered over East Asia and over Pakistan and India are predominantly of urban/industrial origin, sometimes mixed with products of biomass/biofuel burning. Backward trajectories point mostly to source areas in China and northern India. The Hg/CO2 and Hg/CH4 emission ratios for several plumes are also presented and discussed.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos5020342} (DOI). Slemr, F.; Weigelt, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Baker, A.; Schuck, T.; Rauthe-Schöch, A.; Riede, H.; Leedham, E.; Hermann, M.; Velthoven, P.; Oram, D.; O`Sullivan, D.; Dyroff, C.; Zahn, A.; Ziereis, H.: Mercury Plumes in the Global Upper Troposphere Observed during Flights with the CARIBIC Observatory from May 2005 until June 2013. Atmosphere. 2014. vol. 5, no. 2, 342-369. DOI: 10.3390/atmos5020342}}
@misc{neumann_marine_litter_2014, 
author={Neumann, D.,Callies, U.,Matthies, M.},
title={Marine litter ensemble transport simulations in the southern North Sea},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.016},
abstract = {The drift of marine litter in the southern North Sea was simulated with the offline Lagrangian transport model PELETS-2D. Assuming different source regions, passive tracer particles were released every 28 h within a nine-year period. Based on pre-calculated hourly wind and ocean current data, drift simulations were carried out forward and backward in time with and without the assumption of extra wind forces influencing particle movement. Due to strong variability of currents, backward simulations did not allow for the identification of particular source regions influencing given monitoring sites. Neither accumulation regions at open sea could be identified by forward simulations. A seasonal signal, however, could be identified in the number of tracer particles that reached the coastal areas. Both particle drift velocity and variability of drift paths further increased when an extra wind drift was assumed.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.016} (DOI). Neumann, D.; Callies, U.; Matthies, M.: Marine litter ensemble transport simulations in the southern North Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2014. vol. 86, no. 1-2, 219-228. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.016}}
@misc{franke_effects_of_2014, 
author={Franke, R.-P.,Krueger, A.,Scharnweber, T.,Wenzel, F.,Jung, F.},
title={Effects of Radiographic Contrast Media on the Micromorphology of the Junctional Complex of Erythrocytes Visualized by Immunocytology},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150916134},
abstract = {Effects of radiographic contrast media (RCM) application were demonstrated in vitro and in vivo where the injection of RCM into the A. axillaris of patients with coronary artery disease was followed by a significant and RCM-dependent decrease of erythrocyte velocity in downstream skin capillaries. Another study in pigs revealed that the deceleration of erythrocytes coincided with a significant reduction of the oxygen partial pressure in the myocardium—supplied by the left coronary artery—after the administration of RCM into this artery. Further reports showed RCM dependent alterations of erythrocytes like echinocyte formation and exocytosis, sequestration of actin or band 3 and the buckling of endothelial cells coinciding with a formation of interendothelial fenestrations leading to areas devoid of endothelial cells. Key to morphological alterations of erythrocytes is the membrane cytoskeleton, which is linked to the band 3 in the erythrocyte membrane via the junctional complex. Fundamental observations regarding the cell biological and biochemical aspects of the structure and function of the cell membrane and the membrane cytoskeleton of erythrocytes have been reported. This review focuses on recent results gained, e.g., by advanced confocal laser scanning microscopy of different double-stained structural elements of the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeleton.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150916134} (DOI). Franke, R.; Krueger, A.; Scharnweber, T.; Wenzel, F.; Jung, F.: Effects of Radiographic Contrast Media on the Micromorphology of the Junctional Complex of Erythrocytes Visualized by Immunocytology. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014. vol. 15, no. 9, 16134-16152. DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916134}}
@misc{hardeman_epo_or_2014, 
author={Hardeman, M.,Alexy, T.,Brouwer, B.,Connes, P.,Jung, F.,Kuipers, H.,Baskurt, O.K.},
title={EPO or PlacEPO? Science versus Practical Experience Panel discussion on efficacy of erythropoetin in improving performance},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/BIR-140655},
abstract = {Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is an agent commonly used by athletes with the aim to improve performance in endurance sports. However, the scientific community continues to debate the risks, benefits and its mechanism of action when used as a doping agent. This paper provides a brief overview on the pros and cons of rHuEPO use, as discussed by a group of scientist with diverse background, at the 17th Conference of the European Society for Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation in Pecs, Hungary. Among multiple topics, panel members challenged the common belief that the increased circulating hemoglobin concentration is the simple key to the improved sporting performance. Rather, hemorheologists developed the concept of optimal hematocrit (Hct), a Hct value that represents the optimal balance between the oxygen transport capacity of blood and blood viscosity. While guideline-directed transfusion therapy is advantageous under pathological conditions, such as severe anemia related to chronic kidney disease, its beneficial effects on endurance in healthy athletes remains questionable. Further studies are warranted in the field evaluating the effects of rHuEPO that are independent of increasing hemoglobin concentration, such as peripheral vasodilation and tissue metabolic changes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/BIR-140655} (DOI). Hardeman, M.; Alexy, T.; Brouwer, B.; Connes, P.; Jung, F.; Kuipers, H.; Baskurt, O.: EPO or PlacEPO? Science versus Practical Experience Panel discussion on efficacy of erythropoetin in improving performance. Biorheology. 2014. vol. 51, no. 2-3, 83-90. DOI: 10.3233/BIR-140655}}
@misc{jung_tissue_oxygen_2014, 
author={Jung, F.,Krueger, A.,Pindur, G.,Sternitzky, R.,Franke, R.P.,Gori, T.},
title={Tissue oxygen partial pressure in the tibialis anterior muscle in patients with claudication before, during and after a two-stage treadmill stress test},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/BIR-140651},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The role of the microcirculation in the pathophysiology and symptoms of peripheral arterial obliterative disease (PAOD) has been progressively emphasized during the past decades. Under resting conditions, already, the tissue oxygen partial pressure in the m. tibialis anterior (pO2im) is reduced to about 50% compared to healthy subjects.,METHODS: In the framework of this study the pO2im of patients with PAOD stage II according to Fontaine (n=16) in the m. tibialis anterior was measured under resting conditions and during walking on a treadmill in comparison to healthy subjects (n=10).,RESULTS: Under resting conditions the pO2im only marginally differed between PAOD patients and healthy subjects. But during exercise the pO2im dropped significantly more severely in PAOD patients and a return to baseline values could only be reached when the treadmill was stopped and the patients stood still. The pO2im minima correlated clearly with the clinical symptom of calf pain.,CONCLUSION: The data revealed that the pO2im values were lower in PAOD patients and dropped significantly faster during walking compared to the pO2im values in healthy subjects. The pO2im decrease correlated with the calf pain occurring when the pO2im values approached or fell below 10 mmHg.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/BIR-140651} (DOI). Jung, F.; Krueger, A.; Pindur, G.; Sternitzky, R.; Franke, R.; Gori, T.: Tissue oxygen partial pressure in the tibialis anterior muscle in patients with claudication before, during and after a two-stage treadmill stress test. Biorheology. 2014. vol. 51, no. 2-3, 207-214. DOI: 10.3233/BIR-140651}}
@misc{winter_wissenachftliche_konzepte_2014, 
author={Winter, C.,Herrling, G.,Bartholomae, A.,Capperucci, R.,Callies, U.,Heipke, C.,Schmidt, A.,Hillebrand, H.,Reimers, C.,Bremer, P.,Weiler, R.},
title={Wissenachftliche Konzepte fuer ein Monitoring des oekologischen Zustands des deutschen Kuestenmeeres},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Aussagen zum Zustand und der Entwicklung von Kuestenmeeren koennen nur durch langfristige Beobachtungen und Modellansaetze erfolgen. Im Verbundprojekt ....},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Winter, C.; Herrling, G.; Bartholomae, A.; Capperucci, R.; Callies, U.; Heipke, C.; Schmidt, A.; Hillebrand, H.; Reimers, C.; Bremer, P.; Weiler, R.: Wissenachftliche Konzepte fuer ein Monitoring des oekologischen Zustands des deutschen Kuestenmeeres. Wasser und Abfall. 2014. no. 7-8, 21-26.}}
@misc{ullm_biocompatibility_and_2014, 
author={Ullm, S.,Krueger, A.,Tondera, C.,Gebauer, T.P.,Neffe, A.T.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.,Pietzsch, J.},
title={Biocompatibility and inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo to gelatin-based biomaterials with tailorable elastic properties},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.023},
abstract = {Hydrogels prepared from gelatin and lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester provide tailorable elastic properties and degradation behavior. Their interaction with human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) as well as human macrophages (Mɸ) and granulocytes (Gɸ) were explored. The experiments revealed a good biocompatibility, appropriate cell adhesion, and cell infiltration. Direct contact to hydrogels, but not contact to hydrolytic or enzymatic hydrogel degradation products, resulted in enhanced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in all cell types, indicating a weak inflammatory activation in vitro. Only Mɸ altered their cytokine secretion profile after direct hydrogel contact, indicating a comparably pronounced inflammatory activation. On the other hand, in HAEC the expression of tight junction proteins, as well as cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase secretion were not influenced by the hydrogels, suggesting a maintained endothelial cell function. This was in line with the finding that in HAEC increased thrombomodulin synthesis but no thrombomodulin membrane shedding occurred. First in vivo data obtained after subcutaneous implantation of the materials in immunocompetent mice revealed good integration of implants in the surrounding tissue, no progredient fibrous capsule formation, and no inflammatory tissue reaction in vivo. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of gelatin-based hydrogels for temporal replacement and functional regeneration of damaged soft tissue.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.023} (DOI). Ullm, S.; Krueger, A.; Tondera, C.; Gebauer, T.; Neffe, A.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.; Pietzsch, J.: Biocompatibility and inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo to gelatin-based biomaterials with tailorable elastic properties. Biomaterials. 2014. vol. 35, no. 37, 9755-9766. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.023}}
@misc{braune_changes_in_2014, 
author={Braune, S.,Walter, M.,Schulze, F.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Changes in platelet morphology and function during 24 hours of storage},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-141876},
abstract = {For in vitro studies assessing the interaction of platelets with implant materials, common and standardized protocols for the preparation of platelet rich plasma (PRP) are lacking, which may lead to non-matching results due to the diversity of applied protocols. Particularly, the aging of platelets during prolonged preparation and storage times is discussed to lead to an underestimation of the material thrombogenicity. Here, we study the influence of whole blood- and PRP-storage times on changes in platelet morphology and function. Blood from apparently healthy subjects was collected according to a standardized protocol and examined immediately after blood collection, four hours and twenty four hours later. The capability of platelets to adhere and form stable aggregates (PFA100, closure time) was examined in sodium citrate anticoagulated whole blood (WB) using the agonists equine type I collagen and epinephrine bitartrate (collagen/epinephrine) as well as equine type I collagen and adenosine-5′-diphosphate (collagen/ADP). Circulating platelets were quantified at each time point. Morphology of platelets and platelet aggregates were visualized microscopically and measured using an electric field multi-channel counting system (CASY). The percentage of activated platelets was assessed by means of P-selectin (CD62P) expression of circulating platelets. Furthermore, platelet factor 4 (PF4) release was measured in platelet poor plasma (PPP) at each time point. Whole blood PFA100 closure times increased after stimulation with collagen/ADP and collagen/epinephrine. Twenty four hours after blood collection, both parameters were prolonged pathologically above the upper limit of the reference range. Numbers of circulating platelets, measured in PRP, decreased after four hours, but no longer after twenty four hours. Mean platelet volumes (MPV) and platelet large cell ratios (P-LCR, 12 fL – 40 fL) decreased over time. Immediately after blood collection, no debris or platelet aggregates could be visualized microscopically. After four hours, first debris and very small aggregates occurred. After 24 hours, platelet aggregates and also debris progressively increased. In accordance to this, the CASY system revealed an increase of platelet aggregates (up to 90 μm diameter) with increasing storage time. The percentage of CD62P positive platelets and PF4 increased significantly with storage time in resting PRP. When soluble ADP was added to stored PRP samples, the number of activatable platelets decreased significantly over storage time. The present study reveals the importance of a consequent standardization in the preparation of WB and PRP. Platelet morphology and function, particularly platelet reactivity to adherent or soluble agonists in their surrounding milieu, changed rapidly outside the vascular system. This knowledge is of crucial interest, particularly in the field of biomaterial development for cardiovascular applications, and may help to define common standards in the in vitro hemocompatibility testing of biomaterials.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-141876} (DOI). Braune, S.; Walter, M.; Schulze, F.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Changes in platelet morphology and function during 24 hours of storage. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2014. vol. 58, no. 1, 159-170. DOI: 10.3233/CH-141876}}
@misc{gerk_effect_of_2014, 
author={Gerk, U.,Krueger, A.,Franke, R.P.,Jung, F.},
title={Effect of radiographic contrast media (Iodixanol, Iopromide) on hemolysis},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-141879},
abstract = {Radiographic contrast media can lead to drastic changes of the morphology of erythrocytes. The change of the erythrocyte morphology is associated with a decreased deformability possibly resulting from distinctions in the loss of constituents of the membrane cytoskeleton. However, it is unclear whether there is an intravascular hemolysis as a consequence of the disintegration of the erythrocyte membrane. The results of this study showed, that free haemoglobin increased from 16.8 ± 10.0 mg/dl to 21.6 ± 12.6 mg/dl after Iopromide application (p = 0.240), while it slightly decreased from 20.5 ± 10.3 mg/dl to 19.5 ± 12.2 mg/dl after Iodixanol application (p = 0.547). The slight decrease of free haemoglobin after application of Iodixanol differed significantly compared to the increase of free haemoglobin after Iopromide application (p < 0.05). This different response is thought to give evidence to the assumption that the erythrocyte membrane integrity was compromised leading to the release of free haemoglobin as an indicator of hemolysis as well.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-141879} (DOI). Gerk, U.; Krueger, A.; Franke, R.; Jung, F.: Effect of radiographic contrast media (Iodixanol, Iopromide) on hemolysis. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2014. vol. 58, no. 1, 171-174. DOI: 10.3233/CH-141879}}
@misc{franke_radiographic_contrast_2014, 
author={Franke, R.P.,Scharnweber, T.,Fuhrmann, R.,Mrowietz, C.,Wenzel, F.,Krueger, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Radiographic contrast media alterate the localization of actin/band4.9 in the membrane cytoskeleton of human erythrocytes},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-141894},
abstract = {Different radiographic contrast media (RCM) were shown to induce morphological changes of blood cells (e.g. erythrocytes or thrombocytes) and endothelial cells. The echinocytic shape change of erythrocytes, particularly, affords alterations of the membrane cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton plays a crucial role for the shape and deformability of the red blood cell. Disruption of the interaction between components of the red blood cell membrane cytoskeleton may cause a loss of structural and functional integrity of the membrane. In this study band4.9 and actin as components of the cytoskeletal junctional complex were examined in human erythrocytes after suspension in autologous plasma or in plasma RCM mixtures (30% v/v Iodixanol-320 or Iopromide-370) followed by a successive double staining with TRITC-/FITC-coupled monoclonal antibodies. After adding Iopromide-370 to the plasma in practically none of the cells the rounded conformation of the membrane cytoskeleton – as it appeared in cells suspended in autologous plasma – was found. In addition, Iopromide-370 induced thin lines and coarse knob-like structures of band4.9 at the cell periphery while most cell centers were devoid of band4.9, and a box-like arrangement of bands of band4.9. A dissociation between colours red (actin) and green (band4.9) occurred as well. In contrast, erythrocytes suspended in a plasma/Iodixanol-320 mixture showed a membrane cytoskeleton comparable to cells suspended in autologous plasma, Similar results were found with respect to the distribution of actin. This study revealed for the first time RCM-dependent differences in band4.9 activities as possible pathophysiological mechanism for the chemotoxicity of radiographic contrast media.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-141894} (DOI). Franke, R.; Scharnweber, T.; Fuhrmann, R.; Mrowietz, C.; Wenzel, F.; Krueger, A.; Jung, F.: Radiographic contrast media alterate the localization of actin/band4.9 in the membrane cytoskeleton of human erythrocytes. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2014. vol. 58, no. 1, 49-63. DOI: 10.3233/CH-141894}}
@misc{schmidt_synthesis_of_2014, 
author={Schmidt, C.,Behl, M.,Lendlein, A.,Beuermann, S.},
title={Synthesis of high molecular weight polyglycolide in supercritical carbon dioxide},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra06815g},
abstract = {Polyglycolide (PGA) is a biodegradable polymer with multiple applications in the medical sector. Here the synthesis of high molecular weight polyglycolide by ring-opening polymerization of diglycolide is reported. For the first time stabilizer free supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was used as a reaction medium. scCO2 allowed for a reduction in reaction temperature compared to conventional processes. Together with the lowering of monomer concentration and consequently reduced heat generation compared to bulk reactions thermal decomposition of the product occurring already during polymerization is strongly reduced. The reaction temperatures and pressures were varied between 120 and 150 °C and 145 to 1400 bar. Tin(II) ethyl hexanoate and 1-dodecanol were used as catalyst and initiator, respectively. The highest number average molecular weight of 31200 g mol−1 was obtained in 5 hours from polymerization at 120 °C and 530 bar. In all cases the products were obtained as a dry white powder. Remarkably, independent of molecular weight the melting temperatures were always at (219 ± 2) °C.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra06815g} (DOI). Schmidt, C.; Behl, M.; Lendlein, A.; Beuermann, S.: Synthesis of high molecular weight polyglycolide in supercritical carbon dioxide. RSC Advances. 2014. vol. 4, no. 66, 35099-35105. DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06815g}}
@misc{eschenbach_the_coastal_2014, 
author={Eschenbach, C.},
title={The Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas - Continuing Improvement of Data Collection and Dissemination},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {The Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas (COSYNA) has been established in the German North Sea and off Spitsbergen to describe, analyze and predict the environmental status of coastal waters. The COSYNA approach of combining observations and numerical modelling in an ecological valuable and highly utilized region such as the North Sea may serve as a blueprint for similar observing, analysis and data distribution systems worldwide.,Experiences regarding the challenge to convey COSYNA’s scientific data and knowledge to the public and to stakeholders are stressed here. These technical and communicational challenges include (1) elaborated data access through advanced portal techniques and (2) feedback on and improvement of COSYNA products through interaction with (potential) users. The particular purpose of these efforts is to ensure COSYNA products are useful and applicable.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Eschenbach, C.: The Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas - Continuing Improvement of Data Collection and Dissemination. INPRINT / Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone. 2014. vol. 1, 29-32.}}
@misc{friedrich_investigating_hypoxia_2014, 
author={Friedrich, J.,Janssen, F.,Aleynik, D.,Bange, H. W.,Boltacheva, N.,agatay, M. N.,Dale, A. W.,Etiope, G.,Erdem, Z.,Geraga, M.,Gilli, A.,Gomoiu, M. T.,Hall, P. O. J.,Hansson, D.,He, Y.,Holtappels, M.,Kirf, M. K.,Kononets, M.,Konovalov, S.,Lichtschlag, A.,Livingstone, D. M.,Marinaro, G.,Mazlumyan, S.,Naeher, S.,North, R. P.,Papatheodorou, G.,Pfannkuche, O.,Prien, R.,Rehder, G.,Schubert, C. J.,Soltwedel, T.,Sommer, S.,Stahl, H.,Stanev, E. V.,Teaca, A.,Tengberg, A.,Waldmann, C.,Wehrli, B.,Wenzhoefer, F.},
title={Investigating hypoxia in aquatic environments: diverse approaches to addressing a complex phenomenon},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1215-2014},
abstract = {In this paper we provide an overview of new knowledge on oxygen depletion (hypoxia) and related phenomena in aquatic systems resulting from the EU-FP7 project HYPOX ("In situ monitoring of oxygen depletion in hypoxic ecosystems of coastal and open seas, and landlocked water bodies", http://www.hypox.net). In view of the anticipated oxygen loss in aquatic systems due to eutrophication and climate change, HYPOX was set up to improve capacities to monitor hypoxia as well as to understand its causes and consequences.,Temporal dynamics and spatial patterns of hypoxia were analyzed in field studies in various aquatic environments, including the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, Scottish and Scandinavian fjords, Ionian Sea lagoons and embayments, and Swiss lakes. Examples of episodic and rapid (hours) occurrences of hypoxia, as well as seasonal changes in bottom-water oxygenation in stratified systems, are discussed. Geologically driven hypoxia caused by gas seepage is demonstrated. Using novel technologies, temporal and spatial patterns of water-column oxygenation, from basin-scale seasonal patterns to meter-scale sub-micromolar oxygen distributions, were resolved. Existing multidecadal monitoring data were used to demonstrate the imprint of climate change and eutrophication on long-term oxygen distributions. Organic and inorganic proxies were used to extend investigations on past oxygen conditions to centennial and even longer timescales that cannot be resolved by monitoring. The effects of hypoxia on faunal communities and biogeochemical processes were also addressed in the project. An investigation of benthic fauna is presented as an example of hypoxia-devastated benthic communities that slowly recover upon a reduction in eutrophication in a system where naturally occurring hypoxia overlaps with anthropogenic hypoxia. Biogeochemical investigations reveal that oxygen intrusions have a strong effect on the microbially mediated redox cycling of elements. Observations and modeling studies of the sediments demonstrate the effect of seasonally changing oxygen conditions on benthic mineralization pathways and fluxes. Data quality and access are crucial in hypoxia research. Technical issues are therefore also addressed, including the availability of suitable sensor technology to resolve the gradual changes in bottom-water oxygen in marine systems that can be expected as a result of climate change. Using cabled observatories as examples, we show how the benefit of continuous oxygen monitoring can be maximized by adopting proper quality control. Finally, we discuss strategies for state-of-the-art data archiving and dissemination in compliance with global standards, and how ocean observations can contribute to global earth observation attempts.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1215-2014} (DOI). Friedrich, J.; Janssen, F.; Aleynik, D.; Bange, H.; Boltacheva, N.; agatay, M.; Dale, A.; Etiope, G.; Erdem, Z.; Geraga, M.; Gilli, A.; Gomoiu, M.; Hall, P.; Hansson, D.; He, Y.; Holtappels, M.; Kirf, M.; Kononets, M.; Konovalov, S.; Lichtschlag, A.; Livingstone, D.; Marinaro, G.; Mazlumyan, S.; Naeher, S.; North, R.; Papatheodorou, G.; Pfannkuche, O.; Prien, R.; Rehder, G.; Schubert, C.; Soltwedel, T.; Sommer, S.; Stahl, H.; Stanev, E.; Teaca, A.; Tengberg, A.; Waldmann, C.; Wehrli, B.; Wenzhoefer, F.: Investigating hypoxia in aquatic environments: diverse approaches to addressing a complex phenomenon. Biogeosciences. 2014. vol. 11, 1215-1259. DOI: 10.5194/bg-11-1215-2014}}
@misc{park_percutaneous_left_2014, 
author={Park, J.-W.,Sherif, M.A.,Zintl, K.,Lam, Y.-Y.,Goedde, M.,Scharnweber, T.,Jung, F.,Franke, R.P.,Brachmann, J.},
title={Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure with a novel self-modelizing device: A pre-clinical feasibility study},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.194},
abstract = {The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new left atrial appendage (LAA) occluder.,Twelve pigs were included. In 2 pigs the implantation process failed due to pericardial tamponade in 1 pig and device embolization in the other pig. The placement of the devices was controlled via TEE and fluoroscopy. After 6 weeks of implantation the hearts were explanted.,The devices were found to be easy to deploy and showed a very good adaptation to the LAA tissue. Eight out of 10 pigs had full closure of the LAA directly after implantation.,After six weeks, due to the self-modelizing properties of the device, all pigs had a full closure of the LAA. The macroscopic evaluation of the explanted hearts showed that all devices were securely integrated in LAA tissues.,There was one case of mild pericarditis but no macroscopic signs of inflammation on the device surrounding endocardium. The explantation revealed that device loops had penetrated the LAA tissue in three pigs. However, no signs of bleeding, pericardial effusion, or other damage to the LAA wall could be detected and the pigs were in good condition with normal weight gain and no clinical symptoms.,The Occlutech® LAA occluder achieved complete closure of the LAA in all pigs, and remained in the LAA, with benign healing and no evidence of new thrombus or damage to surrounding structures. Moreover, the uncompromised survival of all implanted pigs demonstrates the feasibility and safety of the device.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.194} (DOI). Park, J.; Sherif, M.; Zintl, K.; Lam, Y.; Goedde, M.; Scharnweber, T.; Jung, F.; Franke, R.; Brachmann, J.: Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure with a novel self-modelizing device: A pre-clinical feasibility study. International Journal of Cardiology. 2014. vol. 177, no. 3, 957-963. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.194}}
@misc{hiebl_tissue_reaction_2014, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Hopperdietzel, C.,Hueningen, H.,Dietze, K.,Jung, F.,Niehues, S.M.},
title={Tissue reaction induced by implanted venous access ports in adult patients after infection of the implantation site},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-141881},
abstract = {Implantable long-term central venous port systems (CVPS) are widely used as a permanent means of accessing the vascular system for intravenous delivery of drugs, parenteral nutrition, blood transfusion, and blood sampling. These systems allow easy and repetitive puncture without causing much damage to the vessels. However, the body foreign surface of CVPS induces an inflammatory response with varying intensity (depending on the implant materials) that leads to formation of a fibrous tissue capsule around the implant. This study was designed to investigate the influence of bacterial infection on the tissue reaction induced by implanted CVPS in adult patients. 20 patients (9 women, 11 men, 58 ± 14 yrs of age) were included in this study. These patients received explantation of a polysulfone based CVPS (ChemoSite™, Covidien, Mansfield, USA) due to port related infections (patients with bacterial infections at the implantation site: group A, 5 men, 1 women) or to other reasons such as termination of treatment, thrombosis, or CVPS dysfunction (patients without bacterial infections, group B, 6 men, 8 women) 299.9 ± 261.2 days after CVPS implantation. A sample of the encapsulating tissue covering the CVPS together with surrounding tissue (at least 1 × 1 cm2) was placed in a small container with fixing agent, a buffered neutral 4% formalin solution (pH 7). Histological sections of the samples were prepared for light microscopic analysis after paraffin embedding. Sections of 3 μm were cut and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Weigert's elastic stain, and Heidenhain's azan stain. There was no difference in thickness, collagen and elastin content, or cell and capillary density of the fibrous capsule between both groups. Due to the wound healing reaction involving angiogenesis and fibroblast activation cell density and number of capillaries in the capsule tissue of all patients showed a positive correlation (r = 0.45, p < 0.05). However, the study demonstrated that at the end of the foreign body reaction the artificial tissue layer which covers the CVPS after implantation due to foreign body reaction shows only low reactivity towards infections.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-141881} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Hopperdietzel, C.; Hueningen, H.; Dietze, K.; Jung, F.; Niehues, S.: Tissue reaction induced by implanted venous access ports in adult patients after infection of the implantation site. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2014. vol. 58, no. 1, 107-113. DOI: 10.3233/CH-141881}}
@misc{roch_expression_pattern_2014, 
author={Roch, T.,Akymenko, O.,Krueger, A.,Jung, F.,Ma, N.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Expression pattern analysis and activity determination of matrix metalloproteinase derived from human macrophage subsets},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-141885},
abstract = {The polarization behavior of macrophages determines the clinical outcome after implantation of biomaterials. Formation of classically activated macrophages (CAM) may result in cell fusion to form foreign body giant cells, which induce and support uncontrolled inflammatory responses and can cause undesired material degradation. In contrast, polarization into alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) is assumed to support healing processes and implant integration. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) by the different macrophage subsets might play a crucial role for inflammatory and wound healing processes and may subsequently influence the implant integration. Therefore, it is of importance to characterize the MMP expression pattern by the different macrophage subsets. This knowledge could support the design of biomaterials in which specific MMP cleavage sites are incorporated allowing a controlled cell-mediated degradation of the material. However, it needs to be considered that the pure expression levels may not correlate with the enzymatic activity of the MMP, which depends on a variety of different parameters such as additional co-factors. For this reason, the differential MMP expression levels and the overall enzymatic activity of in vitro generated human non-polarized macrophages (M0), CAM, and AAM are analyzed in this study. While MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-10 showed the highest expression levels in CAM, MMP-12 was most strongly expressed by AAM. Interestingly, although various MMP were expressed at high levels in CAM, the enzymatic MMP activity was increased in supernatants of AAM cultures. The data presented here illustrate the importance to combine the measurement of MMP expression levels with the analysis of the enzymatic activity. The observed MMP-12 expression in combination with the higher enzymatic activity detected in AAM supernatants might motivate the design of biomaterials, whose structure could be modified by MMP-12 catalyzed reactions leading to interactive polymers.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-141885} (DOI). Roch, T.; Akymenko, O.; Krueger, A.; Jung, F.; Ma, N.; Lendlein, A.: Expression pattern analysis and activity determination of matrix metalloproteinase derived from human macrophage subsets. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2014. vol. 58, no. 1, 147-158. DOI: 10.3233/CH-141885}}
@misc{renaud_tipping_points_2014, 
author={Renaud, F.G.,Friedrich, J.,Sebesvari, Z.,Giosan, L.},
title={Tipping points for delta social-ecological systems},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Many deltas globally are centers for social and economic development,,so much so that their natural environment has been rapidly transformed over relatively short periods of times. These changes are manifested within the deltas themselves through, for example, land use changes towards intensive,agriculture, but also at the river basin scale through, for example, the development of dams and reservoirs along river systems. In many cases, delta social-ecological systems have,tipped from Holocene characteristics to Anthropocene characteristics,and some deltas could tip to other system states (we refer to them as “collapsed”) which would be unfavorable from an anthropocentric perspective. We discuss this notion,of tipping points in deltas social-ecological systems as well as opportunities to “tip back” to a previous state. We present two examples, the Danube delta which is considered an Anthropocene delta providing many opportunities for sustainable social-ecological system development and the Mekong delta,,another Anthropocene delta where current development decisions,locally and at the basin scale could either increase the resilience of social-ecological systems or tip these systems towards an undesirable state.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Renaud, F.; Friedrich, J.; Sebesvari, Z.; Giosan, L.: Tipping points for delta social-ecological systems. INPRINT / Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone. 2014. vol. 1, 5-13.}}
@misc{ramachandran_improving_science_2014, 
author={Ramachandran, R.,Ramachandran, P.,Lowry, K.,Kremer, H.,Lange, M.},
title={Improving science and policy in managing land-based sources of pollution},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2014.02.002},
abstract = {Detailed scientific information about degraded systems and impacts of land-based sources of pollution [LBSP] including information about accelerating costs caused by degradation are readily available. Conveying and bringing this information to decision-makers and the public requires both efficient transmission of findings and institutional support for decision-making.,In 2010 the Global Environment Facility [GEF] developed a medium-sized project on ‘Enhancing the use of science in International Waters projects to improve projects results׳ to examine the role of science and technical analysis in transboundary water projects. This article follows up an analysis of the LBSP working group. The emphasis was on examining the science-policy interface in over forty projects dealing with LBSP. The analytical framework combined descriptive [scientific component-incorporation into project design and implementation], evaluative [extent of use of analytical tools] and prescriptive elements. Best practices for management of LBSP were identified. The prescriptive analysis discussed the importance of enhancing communication among scientists and policy makers. The authors conclude that a common framework [here the DPSIR, further developed as DPSWR approach] should be applied across projects to enable collective framing of the key environmental issues and working towards informal adaptive management.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2014.02.002} (DOI). Ramachandran, R.; Ramachandran, P.; Lowry, K.; Kremer, H.; Lange, M.: Improving science and policy in managing land-based sources of pollution. Environmental Development. 2014. vol. 11, 4-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2014.02.002}}
@misc{dejonge_the_influence_2014, 
author={de Jonge, V.,Schuttelaars, H.,van Beusekom, J.,Talke, S.,de Swart, H.},
title={The influence of channel deepening on estuarine turbidity levels and dynamics, as exemplified by the Ems estuary},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.12.030},
abstract = {Active deepening of tidal channels usually results in the alteration of the vertical and the horizontal tide. This may lead to concurrent significant increases in mean suspended matter concentrations (SPM) in coastal plain estuaries, the turbidity maximum (ETM) included. This is exemplified by an extensive analysis of the Ems estuary, a prototypical heavily stressed estuary in the Dutch-German border area. Measurements show that the SPM concentrations in the lower reaches of the estuary have increased an average of 2- to 3-fold between 1954 and 2005, with a 10-fold increase observed in the upper estuary (tidal river). Longitudinal profiles of surface SPM demonstrate that the ETM has moved upstream by up to 25 km and has broadened into a zone 30 km in length which extends into the freshwater tidal river. On an annual scale, variations in freshwater discharge significantly influence the formation and breakdown of the ETM: during low river discharge the ETM approaches equilibrium over 2–3 months, whilst elevated river discharges relocate the ETM downstream over several weeks.,An exploratory, semi-analytical model is calibrated to simulate the equilibrium SPM distribution in the upper estuary during five time periods from 1965 to 2005, using archival bathymetric and tidal data. Results suggest that the deepening of tidal channels and a reduction in hydraulic drag have most likely resulted in a landward shift of the SPM trapping location. The measured increase in SPM concentrations and the development of fluid mud around the 1990s likely contributed to reduced mixing and bottom drag, creating a feedback loop that further altered tidal and SPM dynamics. It is argued that the removal of some non-erodible (consolidated) layers in the lower reaches of the estuary has created new internal sediment sources that may be responsible for feeding the observed high SPM concentrations, rather than increased sediment input from the boundaries. All findings are based on and supported by measured short-term seasonal fluctuations, as well as long-term developments of yearly averaged concentrations in the longitudinal SPM distribution.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.12.030} (DOI). de Jonge, V.; Schuttelaars, H.; van Beusekom, J.; Talke, S.; de Swart, H.: The influence of channel deepening on estuarine turbidity levels and dynamics, as exemplified by the Ems estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2014. vol. 139, 46-59. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2013.12.030}}
@misc{flohr_spatiotemporal_patterns_2014, 
author={Flohr, A.,van der Plas, A.,Emeis, K.,Mohrholz, V.,Rixen, T.},
title={Spatio-temporal patterns of C : N : P ratios in the northern Benguela upwelling system},
year={2014},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-885-2014},
abstract = {On a global scale the ratio of fixed nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) is characterized by a deficit of N with regard to the classical Redfield ratio of N : P = 16 : 1 reflecting the impact of N loss occurring in the oceanic oxygen minimum zones. The northern Benguela upwelling system (NBUS) is known for losses of N and the accumulation of P in sub- and anoxic bottom waters and sediments of the Namibian shelf resulting in low N : P ratios in the water column. To study the impact of the N : P anomalies on the regional carbon cycle and their consequences for the export of nutrients from the NBUS into the oligotrophic subtropical gyre of the South Atlantic, we measured dissolved inorganic carbon (CT), total alkalinity (AT), oxygen (O2) and nutrient concentrations in February 2011. The results indicate increased P concentrations over the Namibian shelf due to P efflux from sediments resulting in a C : N : P : -O2 ratio of 106 : 16 : 1.6 : 138. N reduction further increase C : N and reduce N : P ratios in those regions where O2 concentrations in bottom waters are < 20 μmol kg−1. However, off the shelf along the continental margin, the mean C : N : P : -O2 ratio is again close to the Redfield stoichiometry. Additional nutrient data measured during two cruises in 2008 and 2009 imply that the amount of excess P, which is created in the bottom waters on the shelf, and its export into the subtropical gyre after upwelling varies through time. The results further reveal an inter-annual variability of excess N within the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) that flows from the north into the NBUS, with highest N values observed in 2008. It is postulated that the N excess in SACW occurred due to the impact of remineralized organic matter produced by N2 fixation and that the magnitude of excess P formation and its export is governed by inputs of excess N along with SACW flowing into the NBUS. Factors controlling N2 fixation north of the BUS need to be addressed in future studies to better understand the role of the NBUS as a P source and N sink in the coupled C : N : P cycles.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-885-2014} (DOI). Flohr, A.; van der Plas, A.; Emeis, K.; Mohrholz, V.; Rixen, T.: Spatio-temporal patterns of C : N : P ratios in the northern Benguela upwelling system. Biogeosciences. 2014. vol. 11, no. 3, 885-897. DOI: 10.5194/bg-11-885-2014}}
@misc{suehring_brominated_flame_2013, 
author={Suehring, R.,Moeller, A.,Freese, M.,Pohlmann, J.-D.,Wolschke, H.,Sturm, R.,Xie, Z.,Hanel, R.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Brominated flame retardants and dechloranes in eels from German Rivers},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.016},
abstract = {The levels of PBDEs, alternate BFRs and dechloranes in European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) samples (elvers, yellow and silver eels) were investigated to compare the contamination of eels from the rivers Elbe and Rhine and to estimate the BFR contamination throughout the eel’s life cycle.,PBDEs were the dominating flame retardants (FRs) in muscle tissues of yellow and silver eels, while the alternate BFR 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE) and the Dechlorane 602 were the dominating FRs in elvers (juvenile eels). Concentrations of FRs in silver eels from river Rhine were generally higher than concentrations in other eels analysed with up to 46 ng g−1 wet weight (ww) ∑PBDEs. The concentrations in yellow and silver eels from river Elbe were similar with an average of 9.0 ± 5.1 ng g−1 ww and 8.1 ± 3.7 ng g−1 ww respectively. PBDE concentrations in elvers were comparably low (0.02 (BDE-100) to 0.1 (BDE-183) ng g−1 ww), which lead to the conclusion that these contaminants were mostly ingested within the rivers.,Among the alternate BFRs and dechloranes, DPTE as well as the Dechlorane 602 and Dechlorane Plus (DP) were found in all life cycle stages and rivers with concentrations between 0.01 ng g−1 ww and 0.7 ng g−1 ww. Dechlorane 603 could only be detected in silver eels from river Rhine. Pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB) was only found in yellow and silver eels and bis(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate (BEHTBP) could only be detected in elvers.,These are the first reports of Dec-602 and 603 in aquatic organisms from Europe. The results of this study show the lasting relevance of PBDEs as contaminants in rivers and river-dwelling species but also the growing relevance of emerging contaminants such as alternate BFRs and dechloranes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.016} (DOI). Suehring, R.; Moeller, A.; Freese, M.; Pohlmann, J.; Wolschke, H.; Sturm, R.; Xie, Z.; Hanel, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Brominated flame retardants and dechloranes in eels from German Rivers. Chemosphere. 2013. vol. 90, no. 1, 118-124. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.016}}
@misc{nagel_ncycling_and_2013, 
author={Nagel, B.,Emeis, K.-C.,Flohr, A.,Rixen, T.,Schlarbaum, T.,Mohrholz, V.,Plas, A.van der},
title={N-cycling and balancing of the N-deficit generated in the oxygen minimum zone over the Namibian shelf - An isotope-based approach},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20040},
abstract = {The northern Benguela upwelling system is a nutrient-replete region with high plankton biomass production and a seasonally changing oxygen minimum zone. Nitrate:phosphate ratios in fresh upwelling water are low due to denitrification in the near-seafloor oxygen minimum zone and phosphate efflux from sediments. This makes the region a candidate for substantial dinitrogen fixation, for which evidence is scarce. Nutrient and oxygen data, N isotope data of nitrate, nitrogen isotope ratios of particulate matter, particulate organic carbon content, and suspended matter concentrations on a transect across the shelf and upper slope at 23°S illustrate N-cycling processes and are the basis for estimating the contribution of N-sources and N-sinks to the reactive nitrogen pool. It appears that N-removal due to denitrification exceeds N gain by N2 fixation and physical mixing processes by a factor of >6, although inorganic N:P ratios again increase as surface water is advected offshore. Nitrate and ammonium regeneration, nutrient assimilation with N:P < 16, shelf break mixing, atmospheric input, and N2 fixation all contribute to the restoration of inorganic N:P ratios back to Redfield conditions, but in seasonally changing proportions. The Benguela upwelling system thus is a nutrient source for the oceanic-mixed layer where N-sources and N-sinks are not in balance and Redfield conditions can only re-adjust by advection and mixing processes integrated over time.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20040} (DOI). Nagel, B.; Emeis, K.; Flohr, A.; Rixen, T.; Schlarbaum, T.; Mohrholz, V.; Plas, A.: N-cycling and balancing of the N-deficit generated in the oxygen minimum zone over the Namibian shelf - An isotope-based approach. Journal of Geophysical Research : Biogeosciences. 2013. vol. 118, no. 1, 361-371. DOI: 10.1002/jgrg.20040}}
@misc{laane_chemical_contaminants_2013, 
author={Laane, R.W.P.M.,Vethaak, A.D.,Gandrass, J.,Vorkamp, K.,Koehler, A.,Larsen, M.M.,Strand, J.},
title={Chemical contaminants in the Wadden Sea: Sources, transport, fate and effects},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2013.03.004},
abstract = {The Wadden Sea receives contaminants from various sources and via various transport routes. The contaminants described in this overview are various metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn) and various organic contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and lindane (hexachlorocyclohexane, γ-HCH)). In addition, information is presented about other and emerging contaminants such as antifouling biocides (e.g. TBT and Irgarol), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), poly- and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs).,Special attention is given to biogeochemical processes that contribute to the mobilization of contaminants in the surface sediments of the Wadden Sea. Finally, the effects on organisms of contaminants are reviewed and discussed.,The main source of contaminants in the Wadden Sea are the rivers Rhine (via de Dutch coastal zone), Elbe and Weser. The Wadden Sea is not a sink for contaminants and adsorbed contaminants are transported from east to west. The surface sediments of the Wadden Sea are an important source for contaminants to the water above. The input and concentration of most contaminants have significantly decreased in water, sediments, organisms (e.g., mussel, flounder and bird eggs) in various parts of the Wadden Sea in the last three decades. Remarkably, the Cd concentration in mussels is increasing the last decades.,In recent decades, the effects of contaminants on organisms (e.g., flounder, seal) have fallen markedly. Most of the affected populations have recovered, except for TBT induced effects in snails. Little is known about the concentration and effects of most emerging contaminants and the complex environmental mixtures of contaminants.,It is recommended to install an international coordinated monitoring programme for contaminants and their effects in the whole Wadden Sea and to identify the chemical contaminants that really cause the effect.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2013.03.004} (DOI). Laane, R.; Vethaak, A.; Gandrass, J.; Vorkamp, K.; Koehler, A.; Larsen, M.; Strand, J.: Chemical contaminants in the Wadden Sea: Sources, transport, fate and effects. Journal of Sea Research. 2013. vol. 82, 10-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2013.03.004}}
@misc{weigelt_measurements_of_2013, 
author={Weigelt, A.,Temme, C.,Bieber, E.,Schwerin, A.,Schuetze, M.,Ebinghaus, R.,Kock, H.-H.},
title={Measurements of atmospheric mercury species at a German rural background site from 2009 to 2011 - methods and results},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1071/EN12107},
abstract = {Measurements of mercury species started in 2009 at the air pollution monitoring site ‘Waldhof’ of the German Federal Environmental Agency. Waldhof (52°48′N, 10°45′E) is a rural background site located in the northern German lowlands in a flat terrain, 100 km south-east of Hamburg. The temporally highly resolved measurements of total gaseous mercury (TGM), gaseous oxidised mercury (GOM), particle-bound mercury (PBMPM2.5, with particulate matter of a diameter of ≤2.5 µm) and gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) cover the period from 2009 to 2011. The complete measurement procedure turned out to be well applicable to detect GOM and PBMPM2.5 levels in the range of 0.4 to 65 pg m–3. As the linearity of the analyser was proven to be constant over orders of magnitude, even larger concentrations can be measured accurately. The 3-year median concentration of GEM is found to be 1.61 ng m–3, representing typical northern hemispheric background concentrations. With 6.3 pg m–3, the 3-year average concentration of PBMPM2.5 is found to be approximately six times higher than the 3-year average GOM concentration. During winter the PBMPM2.5 concentration is on average twice as high as the PBMPM2.5 summer concentration, whereas the GOM concentration shows no clear seasonality. However, on a comparatively low level, a significant diurnal cycle is shown for GOM concentrations. This cycle is most likely related to photochemical oxidation mechanisms. Comparison with selected North American long-term mercury speciation datasets shows that the Waldhof 3-year median speciated mercury data represent typical rural background values.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1071/EN12107} (DOI). Weigelt, A.; Temme, C.; Bieber, E.; Schwerin, A.; Schuetze, M.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H.: Measurements of atmospheric mercury species at a German rural background site from 2009 to 2011 - methods and results. Environmental Chemistry. 2013. vol. 10, no. 2, 102-110. DOI: 10.1071/EN12107}}
@misc{slemr_222rncalibrated_mercury_2013, 
author={Slemr, F.,Brunke, E.-G.,Whittlestone, S.,Zahorowski, W.,Ebinghaus, R.,Kock, H.H.,Labuschagne, C.},
title={222Rn-calibrated mercury fluxes from terrestrial surface of southern Africa},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6421-2013},
abstract = {Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and 222Rn, a radioactive gas of primarily terrestrial origin with a half-life of 3.8 days, have been measured simultaneously at Cape Point, South Africa, since March 2007. Between March 2007 and December 2011, altogether 191 events with high 222Rn concentrations were identified. GEM correlated with 222Rn in 94 of the events and was constant during almost all the remaining events without significant correlation. The average GEM / 222Rn flux ratio of all events including the non-significant ones was −0.0001 with a standard error of ±0.0030 pg mBq−1. Weighted with the event duration, the average GEM / 222Rn flux ratio was −0.0048 ± 0.0011 pg mBq−1. With an emission rate of 1.1 222Rn atoms cm−2 s−1 and a correction for the transport time, this flux ratio corresponds to a radon-calibrated flux of about −0.54 ng GEM m−2 h−1 with a standard error of ±0.13 ng GEM m−2 h−1 (n = 191). With wet deposition, which is not included in this estimate, the terrestrial surface of southern Africa seems to be a net mercury sink of about −1.55 ng m−2 h−1. The additional contribution of an unknown but presumably significant deposition of reactive gaseous mercury would further increase this sink.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6421-2013} (DOI). Slemr, F.; Brunke, E.; Whittlestone, S.; Zahorowski, W.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H.; Labuschagne, C.: 222Rn-calibrated mercury fluxes from terrestrial surface of southern Africa. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2013. vol. 13, no. 13, 6421-6428. DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-6421-2013}}
@misc{xie_neutral_poly_2013, 
author={Xie, Z.,Zhao, Z.,Moeller, A.,Wolschke, H.,Ahrens, L.,Sturm, R.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in air and seawater of the North Sea},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1757-z},
abstract = {Concentrations of neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), such as fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FASAs), perfluoroalkane sufonamidoethanols (FASEs), and fluorotelomer acrylates (FTACs), have been simultaneously determined in surface seawater and the atmosphere of the North Sea. Seawater and air samples were taken aboard the German research vessel Heincke on the cruise 303 from 15 to 24 May 2009. The concentrations of FTOHs, FASAs, FASEs, and FTACs in the dissolved phase were 2.6–74, <0.1–19, <0.1–63, and <1.0–9.0 pg L−1, respectively. The highest concentrations were determined in the estuary of the Weser and Elbe rivers and a decreasing concentration profile appeared with increasing distance from the coast toward the central part of the North Sea. Gaseous FTOHs, FASAs, FASEs, and FTACs were in the range of 36–126, 3.1–26, 3.7–19, and 0.8–5.6 pg m−3, which were consistent with the concentrations determined in 2007 in the North Sea, and approximately five times lower than those reported for an urban area of Northern Germany. These results suggested continuous continental emissions of neutral PFASs followed by transport toward the marine environment. Air–seawater gas exchanges of neutral PFASs were estimated using fugacity ratios and the two-film resistance model based upon paired air–seawater concentrations and estimated Henry's law constant values. Volatilization dominated for all neutral PFASs in the North Sea. The air–seawater gas exchange fluxes were in the range of 2.5 × 103–3.6 × 105 pg m−2 for FTOHs, 1.8 × 102–1.0 × 105 pg m−2 for FASAs, 1.1 × 102–3.0 × 105 pg m−2 for FASEs and 6.3 × 102–2.0 × 104 pg m−2 for FTACs, respectively. These results suggest that the air–seawater gas exchange is an important process that intervenes in the transport and fate for neutral PFASs in the marine environment.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1757-z} (DOI). Xie, Z.; Zhao, Z.; Moeller, A.; Wolschke, H.; Ahrens, L.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in air and seawater of the North Sea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2013. vol. 20, no. 11, 7988-8000. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1757-z}}
@misc{zhang_spatial_distribution_2013, 
author={Zhang, Y.,Lai, S.,Zhao, Z.,Liu, F.,Chen, H.,Zou, S.,Xie, Z.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in the Pearl River of Southern China},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.060},
abstract = {An intensive campaign was conducted in September 2012 to collect surface water samples along the tributaries of the Pearl River in southern China. Thirteen perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), including perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs, C4–C11) and perfluorosulfonates (PFSAs, C4, C6–C8, and C10), were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/(-)ESI–MS/MS). The concentrations of total PFAAs (ΣPFAAs) ranged from 3.0 to 52 ng L−1, with an average of 19 ± 12 ng L−1. The highest concentrations of ΣPFAAs were detected in the surface water of the Dong Jiang tributary (17–52 ng L−1), followed by the main stream (13–26 ng L−1) and the Sha Wan stream (3.0–4.5 ng L−1). Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were the three most abundant PFAAs and on average accounted for 20%, 24%, and 19% of ΣPFAAs, respectively. PFBS was the most abundant PFAA in the Dong Jiang tributary, and PFOA was the highest PFAA in the samples from the main stream of the Pearl River. A correlation was found between PFBS and PFOA, which suggests that both of these PFAAs originate from common source(s) in the region. Nevertheless, the slope of PFBS/PFOA was different in the different tributaries sampled, which indicates a spatial difference in the source profiles of the PFAAs.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.060} (DOI). Zhang, Y.; Lai, S.; Zhao, Z.; Liu, F.; Chen, H.; Zou, S.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.: Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in the Pearl River of Southern China. Chemosphere. 2013. vol. 93, no. 8, 1519-1525. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.060}}
@misc{wischke_endothelial_cell_2013, 
author={Wischke, C.,Krueger, A.,Roch, T.,Pierce, B.F.,Li, W.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Endothelial cell response to (co)polymer nanoparticles depending on the inflammatory environment and comonomer ratio},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.01.025},
abstract = {Endothelial cells lining the lumen of blood vessels serve as a physiological barrier controlling nanoparticle movement from the vasculature into the tissue. For exploring the effect of polymer hydrophilicity on nanoparticle interactions with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro, a series of monomodal poly[acrylonitrile-co-(N-vinylpyrrolidone)] model nanoparticles with increasing hydrophilicity as related to their increasing content (0–30 mol.%) of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) were synthesized by miniemulsion polymerization. Nanoparticles with a low NVP content were rapidly endocytized into all cells independent from the particle dose with toxic effects only observed at high particle concentrations, while only 10–30% of the cells incorporated particles with ⩾20 mol.% NVP. Since pathologies are often related to inflammation, an inflammatory HUVEC culture condition with IL-1β stimulation has been introduced and suggested to be widely applied for studying nanocarriers, since cellular uptake in this assay was clearly increased for NVP contents ⩾20 mol.%. Importantly, the secretion of functional biological mediators by HUVECs was not relevantly influenced by the nanoparticles for both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. These findings may motivate concepts for nanocarriers specifically targeted to pathologic regions. Additionally, rapidly endocytized Rhodamin B loaded particles with low NVP content may be explored for cell labeling and tracking.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.01.025} (DOI). Wischke, C.; Krueger, A.; Roch, T.; Pierce, B.; Li, W.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Endothelial cell response to (co)polymer nanoparticles depending on the inflammatory environment and comonomer ratio. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 2013. vol. 84, no. 2, 288-296. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.01.025}}
@misc{kremer_interdisciplinary_research_2013, 
author={Kremer, H.,Nicholls, R.,Ratter, B.M.W.,Weisse, R.},
title={Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives on Current and Future Storm Surges},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0613-2},
abstract = {Storm surges represent a major hazard for many coastal regions worldwide. The 1953 and 1962 disasters are well remembered in Europe, incidents in Bangladesh and Myanmar caused over 100,000 casualties, and Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy have recently had,devastating consequences for the USA. Developing innovative responses and overcoming the frequently fragmented discussion about this global phenomenon and its regional implications call for improved knowledge of present risks and future conditions based on,sound interdisciplinary approaches.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0613-2} (DOI). Kremer, H.; Nicholls, R.; Ratter, B.; Weisse, R.: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives on Current and Future Storm Surges. Natural Hazards. 2013. vol. 66, 1293-1294. DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0613-2}}
@misc{trescher_test_system_2013, 
author={Trescher, K.,Roch, T.,Cui, J.,Kratz, K.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Test system for evaluating the influence of polymer properties on primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in mono- and coculture},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.04.012},
abstract = {Interactions of cells with polymer-based biomaterials are influenced by properties of the substrate. Polymers, which are able to induce cell specific effects, gain increasing importance for biotechnology and regenerative therapies. A test system was developed, which allows studying primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in mono- and cocultures to analyze and operate the effect of polymer properties. This system offers to identify polymers for keratinocyte cultivation or wound dressings, since adherence, viability and functionality can be analyzed. Especially the coculture system enables the characterization of potential cell specific effects of polymer-based biomaterials. To establish a coculture test system, it is challenging to find a suitable culture medium, to identify initial seeding densities for comparable cell growth and to develop methods to distinguish and characterize both cell types.,Poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks (cPnBAs) as model biomaterials were used to demonstrate the applicability of our newly developed coculture screening system for differential cell growth. The apparent Young's modulus of the cPnBAs differentially regulated fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Particularly, cPnBA73 with an apparent Young's modulus of 930 ± 140 kPa measured in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution at ambient temperature seemed to have favoring properties for keratinocyte adhesion, while fibroblast adhesion was not affected. For keratinocytes the concentration of some pro-inflammatory cytokines was lower on cPnBA73 and a decreased deposition of collagen, elastin and fibronectin was observed in the coculture.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.04.012} (DOI). Trescher, K.; Roch, T.; Cui, J.; Kratz, K.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Test system for evaluating the influence of polymer properties on primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in mono- and coculture. Journal of Biotechnology. 2013. vol. 166, no. 1-2, 58-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.04.012}}
@misc{haerdtle_climatic_responses_2013, 
author={Haerdtle, W.,Niemeyer, T.,Assmann, T.,Aulinger, A.,Fichtner, A.,Lang, A.,Leuschner, C.,Neuwirth, B.,Pfister, L.,Quante, M.,Ries, C.,Schuldt, A.,Oheimb, G.v.},
title={Climatic responses of tree-ring width and Delta13C signatures of sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) on soils with contrasting water supply},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-013-0239-1},
abstract = {We investigated climate–growth relationships (in terms of tree-ring width, basal area increment (BAI), and tree-ring δ13C signatures) of Quercus petraea in Central Europe (Luxembourg). Tree responses were assessed for 160 years and compared for sites with contrasting water supply (i.e. Cambisols vs. Regosols with 175 and 42 mm available water capacity, respectively). Oak trees displayed very low climate sensitivity, and climatic variables explained only 24 and 21 % of variance in tree-ring width (TRW) (Cambisol and Regosol sites, respectively). Contrary to our expectations, site-related differences in growth responses (i.e. BAI, δ13C signatures) to climate shifts were not significant. This finding suggests a high plasticity of oak trees in the study area. Despite a distinct growth depression found for all trees in the decade 1988–1997 (attributable to increasing annual mean temperatures by 1.1 °C), oak trees completely recovered in subsequent years. This indicates a high resilience of sessile oak to climate change. Shifts in δ13Ccorr signatures were mainly affected by temperature, and peaks in δ13Ccorr values (corrected for the anthropogenic increase in atmospheric CO2) coincided with decadal maximum temperatures. Correlations between δ13C signatures and TRW (mainly affected by precipitation) were not significant. This finding suggests that wood growth often was disconnected from carbon assimilation (e.g. due to carbon storage in the trunk or allocation to seeds). Since the selection of drought-resistant tree species gains importance within the context of adaptive forest management strategies, Q. petraea proves to be an adaptive tree species in Central Europe’s forests under shifting climatic conditions.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-013-0239-1} (DOI). Haerdtle, W.; Niemeyer, T.; Assmann, T.; Aulinger, A.; Fichtner, A.; Lang, A.; Leuschner, C.; Neuwirth, B.; Pfister, L.; Quante, M.; Ries, C.; Schuldt, A.; Oheimb, G.: Climatic responses of tree-ring width and Delta13C signatures of sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) on soils with contrasting water supply. Plant Ecology. 2013. vol. 214, no. 9, 1147-1156. DOI: 10.1007/s11258-013-0239-1}}
@misc{pirrone_toward_the_2013, 
author={Pirrone, N.,Aas, W.,Cinnirella, S.,Ebinghaus, R.,Hedgecock, I.M.,Pacyna, J.,Sprovieri, F.,Sunderland, E.M.},
title={Toward the next generation of air quality monitoring: Mercury},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.053},
abstract = {Mercury is a global pollutant that is ubiquitous in the environment. Enrichment of mercury in the biosphere as the result of human activities and subsequent production of methylmercury (MeHg) has resulted in elevated concentrations in fish, wildlife and marine mammals globally.,Elemental mercury (Hg0) is the most common form of mercury in the atmosphere, and the form that is most readily transported long distances from its emission source. Most mercury deposition from the atmosphere is in the highly soluble, oxidised inorganic form HgII. Thus, understanding atmospheric transport and oxidant distribution is essential for understanding mercury inputs to ecosystems. Methylmercury (MeHg) is the most toxic form of mercury that accumulates in aquatic food web and can cause a variety of negative health effects such as long-term IQ deficits and cardiovascular impairment in exposed individuals. Humans are predominately exposed to MeHg by consuming fish.,Hg0 emitted from anthropogenic sources has a long (6 months–1 year) atmospheric residence time allowing it to be transported long distances in the atmosphere. It is eventually oxidised to the highly soluble HgII (likely by atomic Br and/or OH/O3) and rapidly deposited with precipitation. Some of the mercury deposited to terrestrial and marine ecosystems is converted to MeHg, which is the only form that bioaccumulates in aquatic food webs. Recent studies suggest that there is a first-order relationship between the supply of inorganic mercury to ecosystems and production of MeHg, thus implying that declines in deposition will translate directly into reduced concentrations in biota and human exposures. However, one of the major uncertainties in this cycle is the time scale required for these changes to take place and this is known to vary from years to centuries across different environmental compartments depending on their physical and biogeochemical attributes. Thus, a key challenge in the case of mercury pollution is understanding the link between the magnitude of mercury emissions and the concentrations found in the fish that we consume.,For air quality monitoring, priorities include expanding the existing data collection network and widening the scope of atmospheric mercury measurements (elemental, oxidised, and particulate species as well as mercury in precipitation). Presently, the only accurate indicators of mercury impacts on human and biological health are methylmercury concentrations in biota. However, recent advances in analytical techniques (stable mercury isotopes) and integrated modelling tools are allowing greater understanding of the relationship between atmospheric deposition, concentrations in water, methylation and uptake by biota. This article recommends an expansion of the current atmospheric monitoring network and the establishment of new coordinated measurements of total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in seawater and concurrent concentrations and trends in marine fish.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.053} (DOI). Pirrone, N.; Aas, W.; Cinnirella, S.; Ebinghaus, R.; Hedgecock, I.; Pacyna, J.; Sprovieri, F.; Sunderland, E.: Toward the next generation of air quality monitoring: Mercury. Atmospheric Environment. 2013. vol. 80, 599-611. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.053}}
@misc{dhnke_nitrogen_isotope_2013, 
author={Dähnke, K.,Thamdrup, B.},
title={Nitrogen isotope dynamics and fractionation during sedimentary denitrification in Boknis Eck, Baltic Sea},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3079-2013},
abstract = {The global marine nitrogen cycle is constrained by nitrogen fixation as a source of reactive nitrogen, and denitrification or anammox on the sink side. These processes with their respective isotope effects set the marine nitrate 15N-isotope value (δ15N) to a relatively constant average of 5‰. This value can be used to better assess the magnitude of these sources and sink terms, but the underlying assumption is that sedimentary denitrification and anammox, processes responsible for approximately one-third of global nitrogen removal, have little to no isotope effect on nitrate in the water column.,We investigated the isotope fractionation in sediment incubations, measuring net denitrification and nitrogen and oxygen stable isotope fractionation in surface sediments from the coastal Baltic Sea (Boknis Eck, northern Germany), a site with seasonal hypoxia and dynamic nitrogen turnover.,Sediment denitrification was fast, and regardless of current paradigms assuming little fractionation during sediment denitrification, we measured fractionation factors of 18.9‰ for nitrogen and 15.8‰ for oxygen in nitrate. While the input of nitrate to the water column remains speculative, these results challenge the current view of fractionation during sedimentary denitrification and imply that nitrogen budget calculations may need to consider this variability, as both preferential uptake of light nitrate and release of the remaining heavy fraction can significantly alter water column nitrate isotope values at the sediment–water interface.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3079-2013} (DOI). Dähnke, K.; Thamdrup, B.: Nitrogen isotope dynamics and fractionation during sedimentary denitrification in Boknis Eck, Baltic Sea. Biogeosciences. 2013. vol. 10, no. 5, 3079-3088. DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-3079-2013}}
@misc{ebinghaus_decreasing_trends_2013, 
author={Ebinghaus, R.,Jennings, S.G.,Kock, H.H.,Derwent, R.G.,Manning, A.J.,Spain, T.G.,Weigelt, A.},
title={Decreasing trends in total gaseous mercury observations in baseline air at Mace Head, Ireland from 1996 to 2011},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20130107009},
abstract = {The Mace Head dataset comprises the longest existing time series of atmospheric mercury measurements with high time resolution in the temperate marine background atmosphere, starting in September 1995. For this study, the concentrations of total gaseous mercury in baseline air masses arriving at Mace Head, Ireland have been analyzed for possible trends in the atmospheric mercury background concentration over a 16-year period (i.e., 1996–2011). Statistical analyses have revealed a significant negative (downwards) trend of −0.027 +/− 0.01 ng/m3 yr−1, or −1.4 to 1.8% per year. Furthermore, evidence of a seasonal cycle was found with somewhat higher concentrations during the winter time and somewhat lower concentrations during summer.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20130107009} (DOI). Ebinghaus, R.; Jennings, S.; Kock, H.; Derwent, R.; Manning, A.; Spain, T.; Weigelt, A.: Decreasing trends in total gaseous mercury observations in baseline air at Mace Head, Ireland from 1996 to 2011. E3S Web of Conferences :  Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment. 2013. vol. 1, 07009. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/20130107009}}
@misc{kirchgeorg_temporal_variations_2013, 
author={Kirchgeorg, T.,Dreyer, A.,Gabrieli, J.,Kehrwald, N.,Sigl, M.,Schwikowski, M.,Boutron, C.,Gambaro, A.,Barbante, C.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Temporal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in alpine snow},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.043},
abstract = {The occurrence and temporal variation of 18 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the European Alps was investigated in a 10 m shallow firn core from Colle Gnifetti in the Monte Rosa Massif (4455 m above sea level). The firn core encompasses the years 1997–2007. Firn core sections were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (PFASs) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (PBDEs). We detected 12 PFASs and 8 PBDEs in the firn samples. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA; 0.3–1.8 ng L−1) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; 0.2–0.6 ng L−1) were the major PFASs while BDE 99 (<MQL–4.5 ng L−1) and BDE 47 (n.d.–2.6 ng L−1) were the major PBDEs. This study demonstrates the occurrence of PFASs and PBDEs in the European Alps and provides the first evidence that PFASs compositions may be changing to PFBA-dominated compositions.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.043} (DOI). Kirchgeorg, T.; Dreyer, A.; Gabrieli, J.; Kehrwald, N.; Sigl, M.; Schwikowski, M.; Boutron, C.; Gambaro, A.; Barbante, C.; Ebinghaus, R.: Temporal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in alpine snow. Environmental Pollution. 2013. vol. 178, 367-374. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.043}}
@misc{vierke_response_to_2013, 
author={Vierke, L.,Ahrens, L.,Shoeib, M.,Palm, W.-U.,Webster, E.M.,Ellis, D.A.,Ebinghaus, R.,Harner, T.},
title={Response to comment on "In situ airwater and particlewater partitioning of perfluorocarboxylic acids, perfluorosulfonic acids and perfluorooctyl sulfonamide at a wastewater treatment plant"},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.008},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.008} (DOI). Vierke, L.; Ahrens, L.; Shoeib, M.; Palm, W.; Webster, E.; Ellis, D.; Ebinghaus, R.; Harner, T.: Response to comment on "In situ airwater and particlewater partitioning of perfluorocarboxylic acids, perfluorosulfonic acids and perfluorooctyl sulfonamide at a wastewater treatment plant". Chemosphere. 2013. vol. 93, no. 9, 2207. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.008}}
@misc{braune_are_there_2013, 
author={Braune, S.,Grunze, M.,Straub, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Are there sufficient standards for the in vitro hemocompatibility testing of biomaterials?},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1186/1559-4106-8-33},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1186/1559-4106-8-33} (DOI). Braune, S.; Grunze, M.; Straub, A.; Jung, F.: Are there sufficient standards for the in vitro hemocompatibility testing of biomaterials?. Biointerphases. 2013. vol. 8, no. 1, 33. DOI: 10.1186/1559-4106-8-33}}
@misc{steffen_atmospheric_mercury_2013, 
author={Steffen, A.,Bottenheim, J.,Cole, A.,Douglas, T.A.,Ebinghaus, R.,Friess, U.,Netcheva, S.,Nghiem, S.,Sihler, H.,Staebler, R.},
title={Atmospheric mercury over sea ice during the OASIS-2009 campaign},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7007-2013},
abstract = {Measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particulate mercury (PHg) were collected on the Beaufort Sea ice near Barrow, Alaska, in March 2009 as part of the Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea Ice-Snowpack (OASIS) and OASIS-Canada International Polar Year programmes. These results represent the first atmospheric mercury speciation measurements collected on the sea ice. Concentrations of PHg averaged 393.5 pg m−3 (range 47.1–900.1 pg m−3) and RGM concentrations averaged 30.1 pg m−3 (range 3.5–105.4 pg m−3) during the two-week-long study. The mean concentration of GEM during the study was 0.59 ng m−3 (range 0.01–1.51 ng m−3) and was depleted compared to annual Arctic ambient boundary layer concentrations. It is shown that when ozone (O3) and bromine oxide (BrO) chemistry were active there is a positive linear relationship between GEM and O3, a negative one between PHg and O3, a positive correlation between RGM and BrO, and none between RGM and O3. For the first time, GEM was measured simultaneously over the tundra and the sea ice. The results show a significant difference in the magnitude of the emission of GEM from the two locations, with significantly higher emission over the tundra. Elevated chloride levels in snow over sea ice are proposed to be the cause of lower GEM emissions over the sea ice because chloride has been shown to suppress photoreduction processes of RGM to GEM in snow. Since the snowpack on sea ice retains more mercury than inland snow, current models of the Arctic mercury cycle may greatly underestimate atmospheric deposition fluxes because they are based predominantly on land-based measurements. Land-based measurements of atmospheric mercury deposition may also underestimate the impacts of sea ice changes on the mercury cycle in the Arctic. The predicted changes in sea ice conditions and a more saline future snowpack in the Arctic could enhance retention of atmospherically deposited mercury and increase the amount of mercury entering the Arctic Ocean and coastal ecosystems.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7007-2013} (DOI). Steffen, A.; Bottenheim, J.; Cole, A.; Douglas, T.; Ebinghaus, R.; Friess, U.; Netcheva, S.; Nghiem, S.; Sihler, H.; Staebler, R.: Atmospheric mercury over sea ice during the OASIS-2009 campaign. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2013. vol. 13, no. 14, 7007-7021. DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-7007-2013}}
@misc{franke_pathophysiology_of_2013, 
author={Franke, R.P.,Jung, F.},
title={Pathophysiology of the contrast media-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing coronary interventions},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1582},
abstract = {Contrast media-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a known complication of intra-arterial application of radiographic contrast media (RCM) and is associated with both short- and long-term outcomes. The development of CIN is not easy to diagnose due to a lack of a uniform definition of CIN. CIN was reported in 4 to 20% of patients after intra-arterial RCM administration during coronary angiography. An all-cause mortality rate of CIN patients amounted to 9% compared with 2% among patients not developing CIN. Pre-existing chronic renal insufficiency, especially, was described as important factor predisposing for CIN, but there was recent clinical evidence that CIN may occur also in low risk ambulatory patients, probably depending on the type of RCM used. Strongly depending on the type of RCM administered there were marked differences in the morphological changes of erythrocytes as well as endothelial cells coinciding in some cases with microcirculatory disorders in patients as well as in animal models. Iodixanol brought about the least cellular and microcirculatory effects while Iopromide induced the strongest disturbances in capillary perfusion and myocardial oxygen tension. It is unclear, however, whether this favours the development of CIN.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1582} (DOI). Franke, R.; Jung, F.: Pathophysiology of the contrast media-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing coronary interventions. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2013. vol. 53, no. 1-2, 143-153. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2012-1582}}
@misc{braune_dynamic_in_2013, 
author={Braune, S.,Ruesten-Lange, M.v.,Mrowietz, C.,Luetzow, K.,Roch, T.,Neffe, A.T.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Dynamic in vitro hemocompatibility testing of poly(ether imide) membranes functionalized with linear, methylated oligoglycerol and oligo(ethylene glycol)},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131729},
abstract = {Linear, side-chain methylated oligoglycerols (OGMe) were recently reported as potential surface passivating molecules for improving the protein resistance of cardiovascular application relevant poly(ether imide) (PEI) membranes. A previously reported in vitro screening under static test conditions allowed an end-point evaluation of the adhesion and activation of adherent thrombocytes performed on the material surfaces and revealed similar levels of thrombogenicity on PEI membranes, functionalized with OGMe and oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) of similar molecular weight (Mn = 1,300 g·mol−1 - 1,800 g·mol−1). In the present study, we investigated the hemocompatibility of these materials in a dynamic closed loop system, in order to study time-dependent thrombocyte material interactions also of the circulating thrombocytes by mimicking in vivo relevant flow conditions in a dynamic test system with multiple material contacts. Activation and aggregation of circulating thrombocytes as well as complement activation and plasmatic coagulation were evaluated after 40 circulations of thrombocyte rich plasma in the closed loop system. The results of the dynamic tests revealed no differences between the OGMe and OEG functionalized PEI membranes. Furthermore, no differences were observed between the latter and a PEI membrane treated under the conditions of functionalization at pH 11 (PEI-pH11) without an oligoether being present. Blood plasma protein adsorption, as well as activation, and adherence of circulating thrombocytes occurred in a comparable, but minor manner on all investigated PEI membranes. From this we conclude that the OGMe and OEG surface functionalization did not lead to an improvement of the already good hemocompatibility of the PEI-pH11 membrane.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131729} (DOI). Braune, S.; Ruesten-Lange, M.; Mrowietz, C.; Luetzow, K.; Roch, T.; Neffe, A.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Dynamic in vitro hemocompatibility testing of poly(ether imide) membranes functionalized with linear, methylated oligoglycerol and oligo(ethylene glycol). Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2013. vol. 54, no. 3, 235-248. DOI: 10.3233/CH-131729}}
@misc{franke_effect_of_2013, 
author={Franke, R.P.,Scharnweber, T.,Fuhrmann, R.,Mrowietz, C.,Jung, F.},
title={Effect of radiographic contrast media (Iodixanol, Iopromide) on the spectrin/actin-network of the membranous cytoskeleton of erythrocytes},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131733},
abstract = {Red blood cells demonstrate a unique ability for repeated large deformation. Under the influence of a variety of agents, shapes other than the discocyte – e.g. stomatocytes or echinocytes - can be observed. Some radiographic agents induce shape changes from discocytic to echinocytic cells. Especially the echinocyte formation is associated with a rigidification of the cells bearing the risk of a hindered capillary passage of the echinocytes. The mechanisms leading to the formation of echinocytes are not well understood assuming that the membrane cytoskeleton is a key player. That is why this examination was focused on the participation of components of the membrane cytoskeleton in the formation of echinocytes and the protrusions accompanying the formation of echinocytes. Two radiographic contrast media approved for intra-arterial application were used to study echinocyte formation (Iodixanol320; Iopromide370). In the in vitro study serious changes in the membrane cytoskeleton were only found in those erythrocytes incubated in plasma supplemented with Iopromide370 (30%v/v). The shape of the spectrin net was completely altered; from the more homogeneous distribution - typical of cells in autologous plasma and also of cells in plasma supplemented with Iodixanol320 – to a distribution of spectrin concentrated in the membrane-near regions with the appearance of spectrin-actin co-localization. Co-localized spectrin with actin was also found around the membranous roots of protrusions which resemble exocytotic processes. In central parts of the cells there was a pronounced dissociation of spectrin and actin; green coloured condensed spectrin bundles originating from the cell membrane reached up to the root of the protrusions. Separate from this there were also fine long actin fibres passing through the whole cell. The incubation of erythrocytes in plasma supplemented with Iopromide370 induced rounded bubble-like protrusions from the cell membrane containing almost completely long bundles of actin fibres. The examination confirmed earlier studies showing that some radiographic contrast media are able to induce echinocyte formation. Furthermore, subcellular mechanisms were revealed explaining the different effects of Iodixanol in comparison to Iopromide.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131733} (DOI). Franke, R.; Scharnweber, T.; Fuhrmann, R.; Mrowietz, C.; Jung, F.: Effect of radiographic contrast media (Iodixanol, Iopromide) on the spectrin/actin-network of the membranous cytoskeleton of erythrocytes. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2013. vol. 54, no. 3, 273-285. DOI: 10.3233/CH-131733}}
@misc{jung_haemocompatibility_testing_2013, 
author={Jung, F.,Braune, S.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Haemocompatibility testing of biomaterials using human platelets},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1579},
abstract = {Cardiovascular implants are increasingly important in regenerative medicine. To improve the safety and function of blood-contacting implants a major need exists for new polymer-based biomaterials that avoid adverse reactions, particularly thrombotic events. This review is aimed to summarize the multi-stepped and interlinked processes leading to a thrombus growth on body foreign surfaces: protein adsorption, platelet adhesion accompanied by activation and spreading and the release of substances of various organelles activating other neighboured platelets (and the plasmatic coagulation) leading to the formation of a plug of platelets and, finally, to a thrombus.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1579} (DOI). Jung, F.; Braune, S.; Lendlein, A.: Haemocompatibility testing of biomaterials using human platelets. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2013. vol. 53, no. 1-2, 97-115. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2012-1579}}
@misc{krueger_influence_of_2013, 
author={Krueger, A.,Goers, J.,Zaupa, A.,Loewenberg, C.,Pierce, B.F.,Wischke, C.,Neffe, A.T.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Influence of physically crosslinked gelatins on the vasculature in the avian chorioallantoic membrane},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131697},
abstract = {Gelatins functionalized with desaminotyrosine (DAT) or desaminotyrosyl tyrosine (DATT) form physically crosslinked hydrogels, due to the interactions between the introduced aromatic moieties and gelatin triple helices, whose extent depends on the thermal treatment of the material. The G-modulus of these hydrogels can be tailored to the range of the natural extracellular matrix by adjusting the degree of crosslinking. While these gelatin-based materials have been shown to be not angiogenic, the aim of the study was to evaluate whether these biomaterials influence the regulation of blood vessels when positioned on the chorionallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized eggs. The results clearly indicate that the DAT-functionalized gelatin led to an increase of the diameter of the blood vessels in the CAM, which at the same time is probably associated with an increased blood flow in these CAM vessels. The vessel diameters of the four groups (DAT-functionalized gelatin, DATT-functionalized gelatin, plain gelatin, control group without gelatin, each n = 10) differed significantly (p < 0.0001). Vessels in the CAM exposed to the DAT-functionalized gelatin showed with 36.4 μm ± 3.4 μm the largest mean diameters compared to the mean diameters of the samples exposed to DATT gelatin (16.0 μm ± 0.8 μm; p < 0.05) and the plain gelatin (21.2 μm ± 1.0 μm; p < 0.05), which both did not differ significantly from the vessels of the control group. The biocompatibility of the materials in vitro motivates the exploration of their application as matrix in local drug-release systems with short half-life times (one hour up to several days).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131697} (DOI). Krueger, A.; Goers, J.; Zaupa, A.; Loewenberg, C.; Pierce, B.; Wischke, C.; Neffe, A.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Influence of physically crosslinked gelatins on the vasculature in the avian chorioallantoic membrane. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2013. vol. 55, no. 1, 133-142. DOI: 10.3233/CH-131697}}
@misc{krueger_interaction_of_2013, 
author={Krueger, A.,Mrowietz, C.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Interaction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with platelets in vitro: Influence of platelet concentration and reactivity},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131695},
abstract = {Endothelialisation of polymer-based cardiovascular implants is one strategy to render biomaterials hemocompatible. The evaluation of the functionality and the confluence of an endothelial cell (EC) monolayer in vitro is therefore of crucial importance, because a non-functional or non-confluent EC monolayer can contribute to the failure of vascular grafts. Moreover, the comparison of different potential biomaterials regarding their ability to induce the formation of a functional confluent EC monolayer is of great value. Most of the currently reported in vitro studies focus on direct or indirect markers of EC behaviour. However, these studies still lack the final proof that the EC monolayer, which can be developed on polymers is confluent and functional. In this study, we investigated the suitability of an in vitro co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with platelets to predict the functionality of an EC monolayer. The interaction of platelets with HUVEC was evaluated depending on the concentration of the platelets in the added plasma and of the reactivity of the platelets to pharmacological stimuli. For this purpose, HUVEC were seeded in a 24 well plate. After three days of cultivation, platelets were added to the HUVEC cell culture medium to final concentrations of 200, 2,000 or 20,000 platelets/μl (n = 7 each). The platelets were processed immediately after blood collection and added to the HUVEC culture after a 30 minutes resting period. As a first control, an EC monolayer just cultured with EC medium was used. As a second control EC supplemented with plasma without platelets were applied. The HUVEC monolayer was investigated microscopically after 1 hour of platelet exposition. The addition of thrombocytes to EC affected the EC adherence dependent on the initial cell seeding number of HUVEC, the platelet concentration and also on the reactivity of platelets added. In both controls no significant EC detachment was detected. The results demonstrated a significant influence of platelet concentration and reactivity on the adherence of EC in a static model.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131695} (DOI). Krueger, A.; Mrowietz, C.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Interaction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with platelets in vitro: Influence of platelet concentration and reactivity. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2013. vol. 55, no. 1, 111-120. DOI: 10.3233/CH-131695}}
@misc{leithaeuser_magnetocardiography_in_2013, 
author={Leithaeuser, B.,Park, J.-W.,Hill, P.,Lam, Y.-Y.,Jung, F.},
title={Magnetocardiography in patients with acute chest pain and bundle branch block},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.254},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.254} (DOI). Leithaeuser, B.; Park, J.; Hill, P.; Lam, Y.; Jung, F.: Magnetocardiography in patients with acute chest pain and bundle branch block. International Journal of Cardiology. 2013. vol. 168, no. 1, 582-583. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.254}}
@misc{xu_cultivation_and_2013, 
author={Xu, X.,Kratz, K.,Wang, W.,Li, Z.,Roch, T.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.,Ma, N.},
title={Cultivation and spontaneous differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on polymeric surfaces},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131698},
abstract = {Accumulating evidence demonstrated many physical and chemical cues from the local microenvironment could influence mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) maintenance and differentiation. In this study, we systematically investigated the interaction of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and polymeric substrates. Adhesion, proliferative capacity, cytoskeleton alteration, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, senescence, and adipogenesis potential of rBMSCs were determined on these polymeric inserts prepared from polyetherurethane (PEU) and poly(ether imide) (PEI). Inserts for culture plates were applied to ensure that the rBMSCs were solely in contact to the tested material. The explored inserts exhibited advancing contact angles of 84° (PEU) and 93° (PEI). Finally, the micromechanical properties determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation varied in the range from 6 GPa (PEU) to 13 GPa (PEI). We found that both PEU and PEI showed a good cell compatibility to rBMSCs. rBMSCs could adherent on both polymeric surfaces with the similar adhesion ratio and subsequent division rate. However, cells cultured on PEU exhibited higher apoptosis level and senescence ratio, which resulted in lower cell density (22061 ± 3000/cm2) compared to that on PEI (68395 ± 8000/cm2) after 20 days cultivation. Morphological differences of rBMSCs were detected after 5 days cultivation. Cells on PEU exhibited flat and enlarged shape with rearranged filamentous actin (F-actin) cytoskeleton, while cells on PEI and tissue culture plate (TCP) had similar spindle-shape morphology and oriented F-actin. After 20 days, lipid droplets were spontaneously formed in rBMSCs on PEU and PEI but not on TCP. Both PEU and PEI might trigger rBMSCs towards spontaneous adipogenic commitment, whereas PEI provided better cell compatibility on rBMSCs apoptosis, senescence and proliferation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131698} (DOI). Xu, X.; Kratz, K.; Wang, W.; Li, Z.; Roch, T.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.; Ma, N.: Cultivation and spontaneous differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on polymeric surfaces. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2013. vol. 55, no. 1, 143-156. DOI: 10.3233/CH-131698}}
@misc{roch_the_influence_2013, 
author={Roch, T.,Kratz, K.,Ma, N.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={The influence of polystyrene and poly(ether imide) inserts with different roughness, on the activation of dendritic cells},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131699},
abstract = {Dendritic cells (DC) have a pivotal role during inflammation. DC efficiently present antigens to T cells and shape the subsequent immune response by the secretion of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and by the expression of co-stimulatory molecules. They respond to “danger signals” such as microbial products or fragments from necrotic cells or tissues, but were also described to be reactive towards biomaterials. However, how mechanical and physical properties of the subjacent substrate influences the DC activation is currently poorly understood. In this study micro patterned inserts prepared from polystyrene (PS) as well as from poly (ether imide) (PEI) with three different roughness levels of i) Rq = 0.29 μm (PS) and 0.23 μm (PEI); ii) Rq = 3.47 μm (PS) and 3.92 μm (PEI); and iii) Rq = 22.16 μm (PS) and 22.65 μm (PEI) were analyzed for their capacity to influence the activation of human monocytes derived DC. Since the DC were directly cultured in the inserts, the effects of the testing material alone could be investigated and influences from additional culture dish material could be excluded. The viability, the expression of the DC activation markers, and their cytokine/chemokine secretion were determined after the incubation with the different inserts in vitro. Both the PS and the PEI inserts did not influence the survival of the DC and their expression of co-stimulatory molecules. The expression of inflammatory cytokines was not altered by the PEI and PS inserts. However, the secretion of chemokines such as CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 was influenced by the different roughness levels, indicating that material roughness has the capacity to modulate the DC phenotype. The data presented here will help to understand the interaction of DC with structured polymer surfaces. Biomaterial-induced immuno-modulatory effects mediated by DC may promote tissue regeneration or could potentially reduce inflammation caused by the implant material.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131699} (DOI). Roch, T.; Kratz, K.; Ma, N.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: The influence of polystyrene and poly(ether imide) inserts with different roughness, on the activation of dendritic cells. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2013. vol. 55, no. 1, 157-168. DOI: 10.3233/CH-131699}}
@misc{renaud_tipping_from_2013, 
author={Renaud, F.G.,Syvitski, J.P.M.,Sebesvari, Z.,Werners, S.E.,Kremer, H.,Kuenzer, C.,Ramesh, R.,Jeuken, A.,Friedrich, J.},
title={Tipping from the Holocene to the Anthropocene: How threatened are major world deltas?},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2013.11.007},
abstract = {Coastal deltas are landforms that typically offer a wide variety of benefits to society including highly fertile soils for agricultural development, freshwater resources, and rich biodiversity. For these reasons, many deltas are densely populated, are important economic hubs, and have been transformed by human interventions such as agricultural intensification, modification of water and sediment fluxes, as well as urbanization and industrialization. Additionally, deltas are increasingly affected by the consequences of climate change including sea level rise, and by other natural hazards such as cyclones and storm surges. Five examples of major deltas (Rhine-Meuse, Ganges, Indus, Mekong, and Danube) illustrate the force of human interventions in shaping and transforming deltas and in inducing shifts between four different social-ecological system (SES) states: Holocene, modified Holocene, Anthropocene and ‘collapsed’. The three Asian deltas are rapidly changing but whereas SES in the Ganges and Indus deltas are in danger of tipping into a ‘collapsed’ state, SES in the Mekong delta, which is at the crossroads of various development pathways, could increase in resilience in the future. The Rhine-Meuse and Danube delta examples show that highly managed states may allow, under specific conditions, for interventions leading to increasingly resilient systems. However, little is known about the long-term effects of rapid human interventions in deltas. It is therefore critical to increase the knowledge-base related to SES dynamics and to better characterize social tipping points or turning points in order to avoid unacceptable changes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2013.11.007} (DOI). Renaud, F.; Syvitski, J.; Sebesvari, Z.; Werners, S.; Kremer, H.; Kuenzer, C.; Ramesh, R.; Jeuken, A.; Friedrich, J.: Tipping from the Holocene to the Anthropocene: How threatened are major world deltas?. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2013. vol. 5, no. 6, 644-654. DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.11.007}}
@misc{loebl_no_microzooplankton_2013, 
author={Loebl, M.,van Beusekom, J.,Philipppart, C.},
title={No microzooplankton grazing during a Mediopyxis helysia dominated diatom bloom},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2012.09.010},
abstract = {The new diatom species Mediopyxis helysia was described to science from clones found in 2003 in the North Sea, northern Wadden Sea, and the Gulf of Maine. Seven years after its first occurrence, we observed Mediopyxis to contribute up to almost 50% of the biovolume of the diatoms during a diatom spring bloom in the western Wadden Sea. Grazing experiments based on the dilution technique could not detect any microzooplankton grazing impact on the bloom community. Mediopyxis is now also well established in the western Wadden Sea and does have the potential to become a dominant species. The reasons for its success remain largely unresolved but avoidance of being grazed might be one factor. Future research on this new species is needed to understand the success and forecast the ecological footprint of this large diatom species arriving in the western European Seas.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2012.09.010} (DOI). Loebl, M.; van Beusekom, J.; Philipppart, C.: No microzooplankton grazing during a Mediopyxis helysia dominated diatom bloom. Journal of Sea Research. 2013. vol. 82, 80-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2012.09.010}}
@misc{zhao_perfluoroalkyl_acids_2013, 
author={Zhao, Z.,Tang, J.,Xie, Z.,Chen, Y.,Pan, X.,Zhong, g.,Sturm, R.,Zhang, G.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in riverine and coastal sediments of Laizhou Bay, North China},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.095},
abstract = {This study investigates the concentrations and distributions of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), including perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulphonates (PFSAs), in surface sediments from Laizhou Bay and its adjacent rivers. ∑ PFAAs showed much higher levels in the river sediment (with a mean of 5.25 ng/g dw) than in the coastal sediment (with a mean of 0.76 ng/g dw). Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the predominant compound, accounting for 50% to 97% of ∑ PFAA concentrations in 70% of the samples. The highest concentrations were detected in the Xiaoqing River, possibly due to the rapid development of the nearby fluorochemical industry. Hydrodynamics strongly influenced the distribution of PFAAs in Laizhou Bay. The hydrophilic property of shorter-chained PFAAs (C ≤ 8) allowed them to be transported to the inner bay via currents, to adsorb onto suspended sediment and then to be deposited. The Xiaoqing River showed the highest PFOA concentration (76.9 ng/g dw) among the bodies of sediment that had been studied worldwide, which might pose a potential threat for the benthic organisms of this river.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.095} (DOI). Zhao, Z.; Tang, J.; Xie, Z.; Chen, Y.; Pan, X.; Zhong, g.; Sturm, R.; Zhang, G.; Ebinghaus, R.: Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in riverine and coastal sediments of Laizhou Bay, North China. Science of the Total Environment. 2013. vol. 447, 415-423. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.095}}
@misc{ma_deposition_of_2013, 
author={Ma, Y.,Xie, Z.,Yang, H.,Möller, A.,Halsall, C.,Cai, M.,Sturm, R.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the North Pacific and the Arctic},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50473},
abstract = {Eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were simultaneously measured in surface seawater and boundary layer air from the North Pacific toward the Arctic Ocean during the Fourth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in the summer of 2010. Atmospheric Σ18PAH ranged from 910 to 7400 pg m−3, with the highest concentrations observed in the coastal regions of East Asia. Correlations of PAHs' partial pressures versus inverse temperature were not significant, indicating the importance of ongoing primary sources on ambient PAH levels in the remote marine atmosphere. The relatively high atmospheric concentrations observed in the most northerly latitudes of the Arctic Ocean suggest the influence of regional sources. For example, higher levels of particle‐bound PAHs were observed in the air of the Arctic Ocean than the North Pacific, indicating forest fire and/or within‐Arctic sources. Concentrations of PAHs in surface seawater were within a range of 14–760 pg L−1 and generally decreased with increasing latitude. The observed air‐sea gas exchange gradients strongly favored net deposition of PAHs along the entire cruise, with increasing deposition with increasing latitude, while the particle‐bound dry deposition fluxes (particularly for the high molecular weight PAH) were highest at sample sites close to East Asia. Based on characteristic PAH ratios, atmospheric PAHs originated from the combustion of biomass or coal, while the ratios observed in seawater reflected a mixture of sources. Given the dominance of primary emissions to the atmosphere and the relatively fast removal of PAHs from the water column, then PAHs will continue to load into the surface waters of the remote marine environment via atmospheric deposition.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50473} (DOI). Ma, Y.; Xie, Z.; Yang, H.; Möller, A.; Halsall, C.; Cai, M.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the North Pacific and the Arctic. Journal of Geophysical Research : Atmospheres. 2013. vol. 118, no. 11, 5822-5829. DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50473}}
@misc{neffe_polyethylene_glycol_2013, 
author={Neffe, A.T.,Von Ruesten-Lange, M.,Braune, S.,Luetzow, K.,Roch, T.,Richau, K.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Poly(ethylene glycol) Grafting to Poly(ether imide) Membranes: Influence on Protein Adsorption and Thrombocyte Adhesion},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201300309},
abstract = {The chain length and end groups of linear PEG grafted on smooth surfaces is known to influence protein adsorption and thrombocyte adhesion. Here, it is explored whether established structure function relationships can be transferred to application relevant, rough surfaces. Functionalization of poly(ether imide) (PEI) membranes by grafting with monoamino PEG of different chain lengths (Mn = 1 kDa or 10 kDa) and end groups (methoxy or hydroxyl) is proven by spectroscopy, changes of surface hydrophilicity, and surface shielding effects. The surface functionalization does lead to reduction of adsorption of BSA, but not of fibrinogen. The thrombocyte adhesion is increased compared to untreated PEI surfaces. Conclusively, rough instead of smooth polymer or gold surfaces should be investigated as relevant models.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201300309} (DOI). Neffe, A.; Von Ruesten-Lange, M.; Braune, S.; Luetzow, K.; Roch, T.; Richau, K.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Poly(ethylene glycol) Grafting to Poly(ether imide) Membranes: Influence on Protein Adsorption and Thrombocyte Adhesion. Macromolecular Bioscience. 2013. vol. 13, no. 12, 1720-1729. DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300309}}
@misc{kakuschke_creactive_protein_2013, 
author={Kakuschke, A.,Pröfrock, D.,Prange, A.},
title={C-reactive protein in blood plasma and serum samples of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina)},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00603.x},
abstract = {C-reactive protein (CRP) belongs to the acute phase proteins. Increased levels are present in inflammatory conditions, trauma, or intoxications. In veterinary medicine CRP is used as powerful diagnostic parameter in health studies, whereas little is known about the role of CRP in Pinnipedia. Therefore, samples were collected from 131 harbor seals from the North Sea between November 2002 and November 2007. CRP blood values were measured and the physiological range was calculated. Furthermore, the influence of age and sex of the animal, geographical location and season was investigated. The CRP concentrations in plasma/serum showed a median of 33 μg/mL, a 5th percentile of 18 μg/mL, and a 95th percentile of 80 μg/mL. No significant influences of sex, season, or geographical location on CRP concentration were detected. Juveniles showed significantly higher CRP levels than adult animals, whereas CRP values in newborns appear to be lower than in juveniles and adults. Our report describes for the first time CRP plasma/serum concentrations in a large group of harbor seals. It suggests that CRP is useful to detect inflammatory conditions and may help to improve health studies of this species.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00603.x} (DOI). Kakuschke, A.; Pröfrock, D.; Prange, A.: C-reactive protein in blood plasma and serum samples of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Marine Mammal Science. 2013. vol. 29, no. 2, E183-E192. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00603.x}}
@misc{jung_book_review_2013, 
author={Jung, F.},
title={Book Review},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131730},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131730} (DOI). Jung, F.: Book Review. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2013. vol. 54, no. 4, 431-431. DOI: 10.3233/CH-131730}}
@misc{jung_laser_doppler_2013, 
author={Jung, F.,Leithäuser, B.,Landgraf, H.,Jünger, M.,Franzeck, U.,Pries, A.,Sternitzky, R.,Franke, R.P.,Forconi, S.,Ehrly, A.M.},
title={Laser Doppler flux measurement for the assessment of cutaneous microcirculation – critical remarks},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131778},
abstract = {Back scattered Laser Doppler (LD) signals are composed of two different individual signals. The number of the moving particles and the speed of the particles in the measured tissue volume determine the frequency shift and the band width of the Doppler signal. The dependence of the Laser Doppler flux on the number of scattering particles is highly nonlinear: at very low hematocrit and high speed the axial migration of the cells to the centre of the blood vessels is very strong, so that in these cases – because of the parabolic flow profile - the Doppler flux measurement overestimates the mean real blood flow (up to two- or three-fold). The opposite is the case when the hematocrit is very high, then the blood flow might be underestimated (due to the increased amounts of blood cells near the vessel wall). In addition, a very change in number of moving particles - as can occur during the postprandial phase or during therapy - can change the signal also at a constant cell number. Also, it must be mentioned that the LD signal possibly is not only reflected by moving blood cells in the different skin layers but also by blood cells flowing in tissues below the skin (particularly below atrophied skin areas of older patients) so that in such cases the LD Flux signal reflects not exclusively the skin blood flow. Therefore, LD flux at rest may still be within the normal range even in advanced states of disease, since the scattered light is sampled from a tissue volume which may contain also non-nutritive shunt vessels. This critical analysis of the LD signals of course shall not lead to an overall rejection of the application of laser Doppler systems. Actual progress only can, however, be obtained under the exact consideration of anatomical conditions, technical restrictions and when generalizations are avoided.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131778} (DOI). Jung, F.; Leithäuser, B.; Landgraf, H.; Jünger, M.; Franzeck, U.; Pries, A.; Sternitzky, R.; Franke, R.; Forconi, S.; Ehrly, A.: Laser Doppler flux measurement for the assessment of cutaneous microcirculation – critical remarks. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2013. vol. 55, no. 4, 411-416. DOI: 10.3233/CH-131778}}
@misc{hiebl_influence_of_2013, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Hopperdietzel, C.,Hünigen, H.,Jung, F.,Scharnagl, N.},
title={Influence of a silicon (Si14)-based coating substrate for biomaterials on fibroblast growth and human C5a},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131785},
abstract = {Despite considerable efforts in biomaterial development there is still a lack on substrates for cardiovascular tissue engineering approaches which allow the establishment of a tight a functional endothelial layer on their surface to provide hemocompatibility. The study aimed to test the biocompatibility of a silicon (Si14)-based coating substrate (Supershine Medicare, Permanon) which was designed to resist temperatures from −40°C up to 300°C and which allows the use of established heat-inducing sterilization techniques respectively. By X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy it could be validated that this substrate is able to establish a 40–50 nm thick layer of silica, oxygen and carbon without including any further elements from the substrate on an exemplary selection of materials (silicone, soda-lime-silica glass, stainless steel). Analysis of the LDH-release, the cell activity/proliferation (MTS assay) and the cell phenotype after growing 3T3 cells with extracts of the coated materials did not indicate any signs of cytotoxicity. Additionally by measuring the C5a release after exposure of the coated materials with human serum it could be demonstrated, that the coating had no impact on the activation of the complement system. These results generally suggest the tested substrate as a promising candidate for the coating of materials which are aimed to be used in cardiovascular tissue engineering approaches.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131785} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Hopperdietzel, C.; Hünigen, H.; Jung, F.; Scharnagl, N.: Influence of a silicon (Si14)-based coating substrate for biomaterials on fibroblast growth and human C5a. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2013. vol. 55, no. 4, 491-499. DOI: 10.3233/CH-131785}}
@misc{franke_distribution_of_2013, 
author={Franke, R.P.,Scharnweber, T.,Fuhrmann, R.,Krüger, A.,Wenzel, F.,Mrowietz, C.,Jung, F.},
title={Distribution of actin of the human erythrocyte membrane cytoskeleton after interaction with radiographic contrast media},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131789},
abstract = {A type-dependent chemotoxic effect of radiographic contrast media on erythrocytes and endothelial cells was reported several times. While mechanisms of toxicity are still unclear the cellular reactions e.g. echinocyte formation in erythrocytes and the buckling of endothelial cells coincided with deterioration of capillary perfusion (in patients with coronary artery disease) and tissue oxygen tension (in the myocardium of pigs). Whether the shape changes in erythrocytes coincide with changes in the arrangement of actin, the core of the actin-spectrin cytoskeletal network and possible actor in membrane stresses and deformation is not known until now. To get specific informations actin was stained using two different staining methods (antibodies to β-actin staining oligomeric G-actin and polymeric F-actin and Phalloidin-Rhodamin staining polymeric F-actin only). In addition, an advanced version of confocal laser scanning microscopes was used enabling the display of the actin arrangement near substrate surfaces. Blood smears were produced after erythrocyte suspension in autologous plasma or in two different plasma/RCM mixtures. In this study an even homogenous distribution of fine grained globular actin in the normal human erythrocyte could be demonstrated. After suspension of erythrocytes in a plasma/Iodixanol mixture an increased number of membrane protrusions appeared densely filled with intensely stained actin similar to cells suspended in autologous plasma, however, there in less numbers. Suspension in Iopromide, in contrast, induced a complete reorganization of the cytoskeletal actin: the fine grained globular actin distribution disappeared and only few, long and thick actin filaments bundled and possibly polymerized appeared, instead, shown here for the first time.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131789} (DOI). Franke, R.; Scharnweber, T.; Fuhrmann, R.; Krüger, A.; Wenzel, F.; Mrowietz, C.; Jung, F.: Distribution of actin of the human erythrocyte membrane cytoskeleton after interaction with radiographic contrast media. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2013. vol. 55, no. 4, 481-490. DOI: 10.3233/CH-131789}}
@misc{hiebl_influence_of_2013, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Hopperdietzel, C.,Hünigen, H.,Dietze, K.,Klein, S.,Schreier, B.,Jung, F.},
title={Influence of iodine-containing radiographic contrast media on the phenotype of erythrocytes from different laboratory animal species},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131784},
abstract = {It is well known that clinically relevant concentrations of iodine-containing radiographic contrast media (CM) induce morphological changes in human erythrocytes. However, there are only few reports about CM effects on erythrocytes of animals (e.g. mice, rats, rabbits, and pigs). Thus, two conventional iodine-containing CM (iodixanol, Visipaque™ 320; iomeprol, Iomeprol™ 350) were tested for their effects on the morphology of erythrocytes from these. After venous blood sampling and blood centrifugation, the autologous plasma was supplemented with 40 vol% CM. Then, a defined number of erythrocytes was incubated in this CM-supplemented plasma for 5 min at body temperature (37°C). Subsequently, 10 μL of the cell suspension were transferred to a purified glass slide and the number of discocytes, echinocytes, and acanthocytes was counted within a total number of 100 erythrocytes (40 fold primary magnification, transmitted light mode). Shape changes of the erythrocytes from all animal species strongly depended on the type of CM and compared to the effects which have already been described for human erythrocytes. Incubation in both CM resulted in morphological changes of the erythrocytes. Incubation in a iodixanol/plasma mixture induced the lowest echinocyte or acanthocyte formation. Porcine erythrocytes showed a much more distinct shape change than those of other animal species and humans. These results suggest erythrocytes from mice, rats, and rabbits are a suitable model system for human erythrocytes when CM effects on the cellular shape of erythrocytes have to be tested. The distinct deformation of the pig erythrocytes could be due to differences in the pig erythrocyte membrane or the physical and chemical constitution of pig erythrocytes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131784} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Hopperdietzel, C.; Hünigen, H.; Dietze, K.; Klein, S.; Schreier, B.; Jung, F.: Influence of iodine-containing radiographic contrast media on the phenotype of erythrocytes from different laboratory animal species. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2013. vol. 55, no. 4, 473-479. DOI: 10.3233/CH-131784}}
@misc{rder_influence_of_2013, 
author={Rüder, C.,Sauter, T.,Kratz, K.,Haase, T.,Peter, J.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.,Zohlnhöfer, D.},
title={Influence of fibre diameter and orientation of electrospun copolyetheresterurethanes on smooth muscle and endothelial cell behaviour},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131787},
abstract = {Polymers exhibiting cell-selective effects represent an extensive research field with high relevance for biomedical applications e.g. in the cardiovascular field supporting re-endothelialization while suppressing smooth muscle cell overgrowth. Such an endothelial cell-selective effect could be recently demonstrated for a copolyetheresterurethane (PDC) containing biodegradable poly(p-dioxanone) and poly(ε-caprolactone) segments, which selectively enhanced the adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) while suppressing the attachment of smooth muscle cells (SMC). In this study we investigated the influence of the fibre orientation (random and aligned) and fibre diameter (2 μm and 500 nm) of electrospun PDC scaffolds on the adhesion, proliferation and apoptosis of HUVEC and SMC. Adhesion, viability and proliferation of HUVEC was diminished when the fibre diameter was reduced to a submicron scale, while the orientation of the microfibres did only slightly influence the cellular behaviour. In contrast, a submicron fibre diameter improved SMC viability. In conclusion, PDC scaffolds with micron-sized single fibres could be promising candidate materials for cell-selective stent coatings.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131787} (DOI). Rüder, C.; Sauter, T.; Kratz, K.; Haase, T.; Peter, J.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.; Zohlnhöfer, D.: Influence of fibre diameter and orientation of electrospun copolyetheresterurethanes on smooth muscle and endothelial cell behaviour. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2013. vol. 55, no. 4, 513-522. DOI: 10.3233/CH-131787}}
@misc{knig_effect_of_2013, 
author={König, J.,Kohl, B.,Kratz, K.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.,Ertel, W.,Schulze-Tanzil, G.},
title={Effect of polystyrene and polyether imide cell culture inserts with different roughness on chondrocyte metabolic activity and gene expression profiles of aggrecan and collagen},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131788},
abstract = {In vitro cultured autologous chondrocytes can be used for implantation to support cartilage repair. For this purpose, a very small number of autologous cells harvested from a biopsy have to be expanded in monolayer culture. Commercially available polymer surfaces lead to chondrocyte dedifferentiation. Hence, the demanding need for optimized polymers and surface topologies supporting chondrocytes' differentiated phenotypes in vitro arises. In this study we explored the effect of tailored cell culture plate inserts prepared from polystyrene (PS) and polyether imide (PEI) exhibiting three different roughness levels (R0, RI, RII) on chondrocyte morphology, metabolism and gene expression profile. As a control, commercially available tissue culture plastic (TCP) dishes were included. Primary porcine articular chondrocytes were seeded on tailored PS and PEI inserts with three different roughness levels. The metabolic activity of the chondrocytes was determined after 24 hours using alamar blue assay. Chondrocyte gene expression profiles (aggrecan, type I and type II collagen) were monitored after 48 hours using Real Time Detection (RTD)-PCR. Chondrocytes cultured on PS and PEI surfaces formed cell clusters after 24 and 48 hours, which was not observed on TCP. The metabolic activity of chondrocytes cultured on PS was lower than of chondrocytes cultured on PEI, but also lower than on TCP. Gene expression analyses revealed an elevated expression of cartilage-specific aggrecan and an impaired expression of both collagen types by chondrocytes on PS and PEI compared with TCP. In summary, PEI is a biocompatible biomaterial suitable for chondrocyte culturing, which can be further chemically functionalized for generating specific surface interactions or covalent binding of biomolecules.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-131788} (DOI). König, J.; Kohl, B.; Kratz, K.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.; Ertel, W.; Schulze-Tanzil, G.: Effect of polystyrene and polyether imide cell culture inserts with different roughness on chondrocyte metabolic activity and gene expression profiles of aggrecan and collagen. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2013. vol. 55, no. 4, 523-533. DOI: 10.3233/CH-131788}}
@misc{jung_microcirculation_in_2013, 
author={Jung, F.,Pindur, G.,Ohlmann, P.,Spitzer, G.,Sternitzky, R.,Franke, R.P.,Leithäuser, B.,Wolf, S.,Park, J.-W.},
title={Microcirculation in hypertensive patients},
year={2013},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/BIR-130645},
abstract = {Regardless of the mechanisms that initiate the increase in blood pressure, functional and structural changes in the systemic vasculature are the final result of long-standing hypertension. These changes can occur in the macro- but also in the microvasculature. The supply of the tissues with oxygen, nutrients, and metabolites occurs almost exclusively in the microcirculation (which comprises resistance arterioles, capillaries and venules), and an adequate perfusion via the microcirculatory network is essential for the integrity of tissue and organ function. This review focuses on results from clinical studies in hypertensive patients, which have been performed in close cooperation with different clinical groups over the last three decades. Intravital microscopy was used to study skin microcirculation, microcatheters for the analysis of skeletal muscle microcirculation, the slit lamp for conjunctival microcirculation and the laser scanning ophthalmoscope for the measurement of the retinal capillary network. The first changes of the normal microcirculation can be found in about 93% of patients with essential hypertension, long before organ dysfunctions become clinically manifest. The earliest disorders were found in skin capillaries and thereafter in the retina and the skeletal muscle. In general, the disorders in the different areas were clearly correlated. While capillary rarefaction occurred mainly in the retina and the conjunctiva bulbi, in skin capillaries morphological changes were rare. A significant decrease of capillary erythrocyte velocities under resting conditions together with a marked damping of the postischemic hyperemia was found, both correlating with the duration of hypertension or WHO stage or the fundus hypertonicus stage. Also the mean oxygen tension in the skeletal muscle was correlated with the state of the disease. These data show that the microcirculatory disorders in hypertension are systemic and are hallmarks of the long-term complications of hypertension. There is now a large body of evidence that microvascular changes occur very early and may be important in their pathogenesis and progression.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/BIR-130645} (DOI). Jung, F.; Pindur, G.; Ohlmann, P.; Spitzer, G.; Sternitzky, R.; Franke, R.; Leithäuser, B.; Wolf, S.; Park, J.: Microcirculation in hypertensive patients. Biorheology. 2013. vol. 50, no. 5-6, 241-255. DOI: 10.3233/BIR-130645}}
@misc{kowalski_a_comparative_2012, 
author={Kowalski, N.,Dellwig, O.,Beck, M.,Grunwald, M.,Duerselen, C.-D.,Badewien, T.H.,Brumsack, H.-J.,Beusekom, J.E.E.van,Boettcher, M.E.},
title={A comparative study of manganese dynamics in the water column and sediments of intertidal systems of the North Sea},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.03.011},
abstract = {The dynamics of the redox-sensitive trace metal manganese (Mn) and its response to biological activity were investigated in the water column and shallow pore waters of the German Wadden Sea (southern North Sea) in 2008 and 2009. Two systems, one from the southern (backbarrier area of Spiekeroog Island) and one from the eastern part (Sylt-Rømø Wadden Sea) of the German Bight were compared. The major aim was to examine to which extent biogeochemical findings are specific for a particular tidal basin or transferable to other basins of the German Wadden Sea.,Although both study areas reveal hydrodynamical, sedimentological, and ecological differences, qualitatively pronounced similarities in Mn dynamics are observed. Thus, complex cycling of dissolved Mn with increasing values in spring and late summer due to elevated biological activity as well as a depletion period in early summer were observed in both study areas. This finding suggests a seasonal behaviour of Mn being generally representative for the tidal basins of the southern North Sea. Quantitative differences are significant as the backbarrier area of Spiekeroog Island shows much higher concentrations of dissolved Mn in the water column especially during spring. We suggest that this difference is due to a larger sediment area/water volume ratio in the Spiekeroog backbarrier area combined with a higher release of dissolved Mn from the tidal flat sediments as seen in pore water profiles from surface sediments.,Site-specific differences are also seen in further tidal systems of the North Frisian Wadden Sea, which are characterised by individual hydrodynamical and sedimentological conditions. Several transects leading from offshore locations towards the coast also revealed a highly variable Mn level. Overall, the North Frisian Wadden Sea most likely represents a less important source for dissolved Mn than the East Frisian Wadden Sea. Furthermore, our data suggest that site-specific properties of the different tidal basins have to be considered in budget calculations for the entire Wadden Sea.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.03.011} (DOI). Kowalski, N.; Dellwig, O.; Beck, M.; Grunwald, M.; Duerselen, C.; Badewien, T.; Brumsack, H.; Beusekom, J.; Boettcher, M.: A comparative study of manganese dynamics in the water column and sediments of intertidal systems of the North Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2012. vol. 100, 3-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.03.011}}
@misc{swaney_five_critical_2012, 
author={Swaney, D.P.,Humborg, C.,Emeis, K.,Kannen, A.,Silvert, W.,Tett, P.,Pastres, R.,Solidoro, C.,Yamamuro, M.,Henocque, Y.,Nicholls, R.},
title={Five critical questions of scale for the coastal zone},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.04.010},
abstract = {Social and ecological systems around the world are becoming increasingly globalized. From the standpoint of understanding coastal ecosystem behavior, system boundaries are not sufficient to define causes of change. A flutter in the stock market in Tokyo or Hong Kong can affect salmon producers in Norway or farmers in Togo. The globalization of opportunistic species and the disempowerment of people trying to manage their own affairs on a local scale seem to coincide with the globalization of trade. Human-accelerated environmental change, including climate change, can exacerbate this sense of disenfranchisement. The structure and functioning of coastal ecosystems have been developed over thousands of years subject to environmental forces and constraints imposed mainly on local scales. However, phenomena that transcend these conventional scales have emerged with the explosion of human population, and especially with the rise of modern global culture. Here, we examine five broad questions of scale in the coastal zone:,(1) How big are coastal ecosystems and why should we care?,(2) Temporal scales of change in coastal waters and watersheds: Can we detect shifting baselines due to economic development and other drivers?,(3) Are footprints more important than boundaries?,(4) What makes a decision big? The tyranny of small decisions in coastal regions.,(5) Scales of complexity in coastal waters: the simple, the complicated or the complex?,These questions do not have straightforward answers. There is no single “scale” for coastal ecosystems; their multiscale nature complicates our understanding and management of them. Coastal ecosystems depend on their watersheds as well as spatially-diffuse “footprints” associated with modern trade and material flows. Change occurs both rapidly and slowly on human time scales, and observing and responding to changes in coastal environments is a fundamental challenge. Apparently small human decisions collectively have potentially enormous consequences for coastal environmental quality, and our success in managing the effects of these decisions will determine the quality of life in the coastal zone in the 21st century and beyond. Vigilant monitoring, creative synthesis of information, and continued research will be necessary to properly understand and govern our coastal environments into the future.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.04.010} (DOI). Swaney, D.; Humborg, C.; Emeis, K.; Kannen, A.; Silvert, W.; Tett, P.; Pastres, R.; Solidoro, C.; Yamamuro, M.; Henocque, Y.; Nicholls, R.: Five critical questions of scale for the coastal zone. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2012. vol. 96, 9-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.04.010}}
@misc{hiebl_viability_morphology_2012, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Cui, J.,Kratz, K.,Frank, O.,Schossig, M.,Richau, K.,Lee, S.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Viability, Morphology and Function of Primary Endothelial Cells on Poly(Eta-Butyl Acrylate) Networks Having Elastic Moduli Comparable to Arteries},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1163/092050611X566144},
abstract = {Soft hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks (cPnBA) were developed as entropy elastic substrates for passive mechanical stimulation of cells, where the elastic modulus of the cPnBAs could be systematically adjusted by variation of the cross-link density. The networks were synthesized by thermally-induced radical polymerization from n-butyl acrylate, with poly(propylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PPGDMA) acting as cross-linker, whereby the purity of the cPnBAs was confirmed by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography. In this work two cPnBA polymer networks with an elastic modulus around 200 kPa and 1 MPa were investigated having an elastic modulus similar to that of arteries. Both cPnBAs exhibited an almost smooth surface with a surface roughness (R(q)) in the wet state ranging from 17 to 37 nm and a similar zeta-potential, indicating an almost identical chemical composition within the topmost surface layer in terms of functional groups. In contrast, wettability of the samples was found to be different with an advancing angle (θ(advancing)) of 1233.8 for cPnBA0250, while for cPnBA1100 significantly lower values for θ(advancing) (1113.8) were obtained. First in vitro tests were performed with primary endothelial cells (HUVEC) to study its effects on vascular cell functions. Within the time period of cultivation (72 h), the cells on the cPnBA samples reached subconfluence and showed a viability rate of almost 100%. Although cell density differed after 72 h with more cells on cPnBA0250 than on cPnBA1100, both materials showed no significant effect on the cell morphology, the cellular LDH-release, which was used as marker for the integrity of the cell membrane, and the organisation of the VE-cadherin. However, lower cell density and less actin stress fibre formation on cPnBA1100 might indicate that cell-material interaction was weaker on cPnBA1100 than on cPnBA0250. The secretion of the vasoactive cytokines prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) was low compared to previously reported values. However, the anti-thrombogenic ratio of PGI2/TXA2 - which is balanced under physiological conditions - with much higher PGI2 compared to TXA2 (up to 17.6-fold after 72 h for cPnBA1100) suggests that this material might be effective to preventing thrombosis.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1163/092050611X566144} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Cui, J.; Kratz, K.; Frank, O.; Schossig, M.; Richau, K.; Lee, S.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Viability, Morphology and Function of Primary Endothelial Cells on Poly(Eta-Butyl Acrylate) Networks Having Elastic Moduli Comparable to Arteries. Journal of Biomaterials Science - Polymer Edition. 2012. vol. 23, no. 7, 901-915. DOI: 10.1163/092050611X566144}}
@misc{moeller_occurrence_and_2012, 
author={Moeller, A.,Xie, Z.,Caba, A.,Sturm, R.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Occurrence and air-seawater exchange of brominated flame retardants and Dechlorane Plus in the North Sea},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.055},
abstract = {The occurrence, spatial and seasonal concentration variations in air and seawater and the air–seawater exchange of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), alternate brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and Dechlorane Plus (DP) were studied in the German part of the North Sea in 2010. BDE–209 and DP were found to be the dominating compounds, both in the atmosphere and in seawater. Sum PBDEs (∑10PBDEs) ranged from 0.31 to 10.7 pg m−3 in the atmosphere and from not detected (n.d.) to 10.5 pg L−1 in seawater, respectively. DP ranged from 0.13 to 22.3 pg m−3 and from 0.10 to 17.7 pg L−1 in air and seawater, respectively. Besides, four other BFRs including hexabromobenzene (HBB) and pentabromobenzene (PBBz) were detected. Elevated atmospheric concentrations were observed in continentally influenced air masses while highest seawater concentrations were observed at sampling stations close to the coast influenced by riverine discharge. The ratio of the two DP stereoisomers both in air and water was found to be close to the technical mixture at high concentrations but changed at lower concentrations giving first evidence for the alteration within the aquatic environment. Both dry air-seawater gas exchange and dry deposition are input pathways of BFRs and DP in the North Sea besides riverine discharge.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.055} (DOI). Moeller, A.; Xie, Z.; Caba, A.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Occurrence and air-seawater exchange of brominated flame retardants and Dechlorane Plus in the North Sea. Atmospheric Environment. 2012. vol. 46, 346-353. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.055}}
@misc{mayer_interaction_of_2012, 
author={Mayer, A.,Kratz, K.,Hiebl, B.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Interaction of angiogenically stimulated intermediate CD163+ monocytes/macrophages with soft hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks with elastic moduli matched to that of human arteries},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2011.01410.x},
abstract = {The cell population of peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages (MO) is heterogeneous: The majority of the MO are CD14++ CD16- and named “classical” (= MO1). Furthermore two other subpopulations were described: CD14++ CD16+ (“intermediate” = MO2) and CD14+ CD16++ (“non-classical” = MO3). It is reported that MO2 posses anti-inflammatory properties and express the MO lineage marker CD163. On a hydrophilic neutrally charged acrylamide-based hydrogel human intermediate (CD14++ CD16+) CD163++ monocytes/macrophages (aMO2) angiogenically stimulated maintained a pro-angiogenic and non-inflammatory status for at least 14 days. Here we explored whether this aMO2 subset adhered to hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks (cPnBA) and also remained in its pro-angiogenic and non-inflammatory status. Because substrate elasticity can impact adherence, morphology and function of cells, cPnBAs with different Young’s modulus (250 and 1100 kPa) were investigated, whereby their elasticity was tailored by variation of the crosslinker content and matched to the elasticity of human arteries.,The cPnBAs exhibited similar surface properties (e.g. surface roughness), which were maintained after ethylene oxide sterilization and exposure in serum-free cell culture medium for 18 h at 37 °C.,aMO2 were seeded on cPnBA samples (1.7 × 105 cells / 1.33 cm2) in a cell culture medium (DMEM) supplemented with VEGF-A165 (10 ng/ml) and fetal calf serum (10 vol%) for 3 and 72 hrs. On both polymeric samples (n=3 each) the numbers of adherent cells per unit area were significantly higher (p<0.01; cPnBA0250: 3 hrs 13±5 cells/mm2, 72 hrs 234±106 cells/mm2; cPnBA1100: 3 hrs 14±3 cells/mm2, 72 hrs 198±113 cells/mm2) compared to control cultures (glass, 3 hrs: 6±3 cells/mm2, 72 hrs: 130±83 cells/mm2) and showed a typically spread morphology.,The mRNA expression profile of the aMO2 was not influenced by the substrate elasticity. In the supernatant of aMO2 on cPnBA0250 significantly less VEGF-A165 product was found than expected based on the mRNA level measured (p<0.01). Tests with recombinant VEGF-A165 then demonstrated that significantly more VEGF-A165 was adhered on cPnBA0250 than on cPnBA1100 (p<0.01).,Seeded on cPnBA, aMO2 – unaffected by the elastic moduli of both substrates – seemed to remain in their subset status and secreted VEGF-A165 without release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These in vitro results might indicate that this MO subset can be used as cellular delivery system for pro-angiogenic and non-inflammatory mediators to support the endothelialization of cPnBA.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2011.01410.x} (DOI). Mayer, A.; Kratz, K.; Hiebl, B.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Interaction of angiogenically stimulated intermediate CD163+ monocytes/macrophages with soft hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks with elastic moduli matched to that of human arteries. Artificial Organs. 2012. vol. 36, no. 3, E28-E38. DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2011.01410.x}}
@misc{cai_spatial_distribution_2012, 
author={Cai, M.,Zhao, Z.,Yang, H.,Yin, Z.,Hong, Q.,Sturm, R.,Ebinghaus, R.,Ahrens, L.,He, J.,Xie, Z.},
title={Spatial distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in coastal waters from the East to South China Sea},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.045},
abstract = {The spatial distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) were investigated in coastal waters collected onboard research vessel Snow Dragon from the East to South China Sea in 2010. All samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/(−)ESI-MS/MS). Concentrations of 9 PFCs, including C4 and C8 (PFBS, PFOS) perfluoroalkyl sulfonate (PFSAs), C5–C9 and C13 (PFPA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFTriDA) perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (EtFOSA) were quantified. The ΣPFC concentrations ranged from 133 pg/L to 3320 pg/L, with PFOA (37.5–1541 pg/L), PFBS (23.0–941 pg/L) and PFHpA (0–422 pg/L) as dominant compounds. Concentrations of PFCs were greater in coastal waters along Shanghai, Ningbo, Taizhou, Xiamen and along coastal cities of the Guangdong province compared to less populated areas along the east Chinese coast. Additionally, the comparison with other seawater PFC measurements showed lower levels in this study.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.045} (DOI). Cai, M.; Zhao, Z.; Yang, H.; Yin, Z.; Hong, Q.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.; Ahrens, L.; He, J.; Xie, Z.: Spatial distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in coastal waters from the East to South China Sea. Environmental Pollution. 2012. vol. 161, 162-169. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.045}}
@misc{puls_prediction_of_2012, 
author={Puls, W.,Bernem, K.-H.van,Eppel, D.,Kapitza, H.,Pleskachevsky, A.,Riethmueller, R.,Vaessen, B.},
title={Prediction of benthic community structure from environmental variables in a soft-sediment tidal basin (North Sea)},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-011-0275-y},
abstract = {The relationship between benthos data and environmental data in 308 samples collected from the intertidal zone of the Hörnum tidal basin (German Wadden Sea) was analyzed. The environmental variables were current velocity, wave action, emersion time (all of which were obtained from a 2-year simulation with a numerical model) and four sediment grain-size parameters. A grouping of sample stations into five benthos clusters showed a large-scale (>1 km) zoning of benthic assemblages on the tidal flats. The zoning varied with the distance from the shore. Three sample applications were examined to test the predictability of the benthic community structure based on environmental variables. In each application, the dataset was spatially partitioned into a training set and a test set. Predictions of benthic community structure in the test sets were attempted using a multinomial logistic regression model. Applying hydrodynamic predictors, the model performed significantly better than it did when sediment predictors were applied. The accuracy of model predictions, given by Cohen’s kappa, varied between 0.14 and 0.49. The model results were consistent with independently attained evidence of the important role of physical factors in Wadden Sea tidal flat ecology.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-011-0275-y} (DOI). Puls, W.; Bernem, K.; Eppel, D.; Kapitza, H.; Pleskachevsky, A.; Riethmueller, R.; Vaessen, B.: Prediction of benthic community structure from environmental variables in a soft-sediment tidal basin (North Sea). Helgoland Marine Research. 2012. vol. 66, no. 6, 345-361. DOI: 10.1007/s10152-011-0275-y}}
@misc{deek_nitrogen_removal_2012, 
author={Deek, A.,Emeis, K.,Beusekom, J.van},
title={Nitrogen removal in coastal sediments of the German Wadden Sea},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9611-1},
abstract = {Although sediments of the German Wadden Sea are suspected to eliminate a considerable share of nitrate delivered to the SE North Sea, their denitrification rates have not been systematically assessed. We determined N2 production rates over seasonal cycles (February 2009–April 2010) at two locations with two sediments types each, the first site (Meldorf Bight) receiving nitrate during all seasons from the Elbe river plume, and a second site on the island of Sylt, where nitrate is depleted during summer months. In sediments from the Sylt site, N2 production ranged from 15 to 32 μmol N2 m−2 h−1 in the fine sand station and from 7 to 13 μmol N2 m−2 h−1 in the coarse sand station; N2 production was not detected when nitrate was depleted in May and July of 2009. N2 production in the Meldorf Bight sediments were consistently detected at higher rates (58–130 μmol N2 m−2 h−1 in the very fine sand station and between 14 and 30 μmol N2 m−2 h−1 in the medium sand station). Analysis of ancillary parameters suggests that major factors controlling N2 production in coastal sediments of the German Wadden Sea are the nitrate concentrations in the overlying water, the ambient temperature, and the organic matter content of the sediment. Extrapolating our spot measurements to the zone of nitrate availability and sediment types, we estimate an annual nitrogen removal rate around 16 kt N year−1 for the entire northern sector of the German Wadden Sea area. This corresponds to 14% of the annual Elbe river nitrogen load.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9611-1} (DOI). Deek, A.; Emeis, K.; Beusekom, J.: Nitrogen removal in coastal sediments of the German Wadden Sea. Biogeochemistry. 2012. vol. 108, no. 1-3, 467-483. DOI: 10.1007/s10533-011-9611-1}}
@misc{bollmann_occurrence_and_2012, 
author={Bollmann, U.E.,Moeller, A.,Xie, Z.,Ebinghaus, R.,Einax, J.W.},
title={Occurrence and Fate of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Coastal and Marine Surface Waters},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.028},
abstract = {This comprehensive study focused on the spatial and seasonal variation of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers (OPs) in surface water from the estuary of the River Elbe and the German Bight (North Sea). 100 surface water samples were extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with regard to 16 different OPs. The dominating substance was found to be tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) (Elbe: 40 – 250 ng L−1, German Bight: 3 – 28 ng L−1). Furthermore, triethyl phosphate (TEP), tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TiBP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) were detected in concentrations up to 180 ng L−1. Seasonal trends were detected for the longitudinal profile of the Elbe estuary. Besides the dilution of river water with North Sea water towards the mouth, leading to decreasing concentrations at the four sampling cruises (March, May, August, and October, 2010), an additional depletion of non-halogenated OPs was observed in summer which is supposed to be due to biodegradation or photodegradation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.028} (DOI). Bollmann, U.; Moeller, A.; Xie, Z.; Ebinghaus, R.; Einax, J.: Occurrence and Fate of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Coastal and Marine Surface Waters. Water Research. 2012. vol. 46, no. 2, 531-538. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.028}}
@misc{cai_polyfluorinated_compounds_2012, 
author={Cai, M.,Xie, Z.,Moeller, A.,Yin, Z.,Huang, P.,Cai, Mg.,Yang, H.,Sturm, R.,He, J.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Polyfluorinated compounds in the atmosphere along a cruise pathway from the Japan Sea to the Arctic Ocean},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.010},
abstract = {Neutral polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) were measured in high-volume air samples collected on board the research vessel Snow Dragon during the 4th Chinese National Arctic Expedition from the Japan Sea to the Arctic Ocean in 2010. Four volatile and semi-volatile PFASs (fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), fluorotelomer acids (FTAs), perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (FASAs), and sulfonamidoethanols (FASEs)) were analyzed respectively in the gas and particle phases. FTOHs were the dominant PFASs in the gas phase (61–358 pg m−3), followed by FTAs (5.2–47.9 pg m−3), FASEs (1.9–15.0 pg m−3), and FASAs (0.5–2.1 pg m−3). In the particle phase, the dominant PFAS class was FTOHs (1.0–9.9 pg m−3). The particle-associated fraction followed the general trend of FASEs > FASAs > FTOHs. Compared with other atmospheric PFAS measurements, the ranges of concentrations of ∑FTOH in this study were similar to those reported from Toronto, north America (urban), the northeast Atlantic Ocean, and northern Germany. Significant correlations between FASEs in the gas phase and ambient air temperature indicate that cold surfaces such as sea-ice, snowpack, and surface seawater influence atmospheric FASEs.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.010} (DOI). Cai, M.; Xie, Z.; Moeller, A.; Yin, Z.; Huang, P.; Cai, M.; Yang, H.; Sturm, R.; He, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Polyfluorinated compounds in the atmosphere along a cruise pathway from the Japan Sea to the Arctic Ocean. Chemosphere. 2012. vol. 87, no. 9, 989-997. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.010}}
@misc{cai_occurrence_of_2012, 
author={Cai, M.,Zhao, Z,Yin, Z.,Ahrens, L.,Huang, P.,Cai, Mg.,Yang, H.,He, J.,Sturm, R.,Ebinghaus, R.,Xie, Z.},
title={Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl compounds in surface waters from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/es2026278},
abstract = {Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) were determined in 22 surface water samples (39−76°N) and three sea ice core and snow samples (77−87°N) collected from North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean during the 4th Chinese Arctic Expedition in 2010. Geographically, the average concentration of ∑PFC in surface water samples were 560 ± 170 pg L-1 for the Northwest Pacific Ocean, 500 ± 170 pg L-1 for the Arctic Ocean, and 340 ± 130 pg L-1 for the Bering Sea, respectively. The perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) were the dominant PFC class in the water samples, however, the spatial pattern of PFCs varied. The C5, C7 and C8 PFCAs (i.e., perfluoropentanoate (PFPA), perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA), and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)) were the dominant PFCs in the Northwest Pacific Ocean while in the Bering Sea the PFPA dominated. The changing in the pattern and concentrations in Pacific Ocean indicate that the PFCs in surface water were influenced by sources from the East-Asian (such as Japan and China) and North American coast, and dilution effect during their transport to the Arctic. The presence of PFCs in the snow and ice core samples indicates an atmospheric deposition of PFCs in the Arctic. The elevated PFC concentration in the Arctic Ocean shows that the ice melting had an impact on the PFC levels and distribution. In addition, the C4 and C5 PFCAs (i.e., perfluorobutanoate (PFBA), PFPA) became the dominant PFCs in the Arctic Ocean indicating that PFBA is a marker for sea ice melting as the source of exposure.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/es2026278} (DOI). Cai, M.; Zhao, Z.; Yin, Z.; Ahrens, L.; Huang, P.; Cai, M.; Yang, H.; He, J.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.; Xie, Z.: Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl compounds in surface waters from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean. Environmental Science and Technology. 2012. vol. 46, no. 2, 661-668. DOI: 10.1021/es2026278}}
@misc{zhong_distribution_and_2012, 
author={Zhong, G.,Xie, Z.,Cai, M.,Moeller, A.,Sturm, R.,Tang, J.,Zhang, G.,He, J.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Distribution and Air–Sea Exchange of Current-Use Pesticides (CUPs) from East Asia to the High Arctic Ocean},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/es202655k},
abstract = {Surface seawater and marine boundary layer air samples were collected on the ice-breaker R/V Xuelong (Snow Dragon) from the East China Sea to the high Arctic (33.23–84.5° N) in July to September 2010 and have been analyzed for six current-use pesticides (CUPs): trifluralin, endosulfan, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, dacthal, and dicofol. In all oceanic air samples, the six CUPs were detected, showing highest level (>100 pg/m3) in the Sea of Japan. Gaseous CUPs basically decreased from East Asia (between 36.6 and 45.1° N) toward Bering and Chukchi Seas. The dissolved CUPs in ocean water ranged widely from <MDL to 111 pg/L. Latitudinal trends of α-endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and dicofol in seawater were roughly consistent with their latitudinal trends in air. Trifluralin in seawater was relatively high in the Sea of Japan (35.2° N) and evenly distributed between 36.9 and 72.5° N, but it remained below the detection limit at the highest northern latitudes in Chukchi Sea. In contrast with other CUPs, concentrations of chlorothalonil and dacthal were more abundant in Chukchi Sea and in East Asia. The air–sea gas exchange of CUPs was generally dominated by net deposition. Latitudinal trends of fugacity ratios of α-endosulfan, chlorothalonil, and dacthal showed stronger deposition of these compounds in East Asia than in Chukchi Sea, while trifluralin showed stronger deposition in Chukchi Sea (−455 ± 245 pg/m2/day) than in the North Pacific (–241 ± 158 pg/m2/day). Air–sea gas exchange of chlorpyrifos varied from net volatilizaiton in East Asia (<40° N) to equilibrium or net deposition in the North Pacific and the Arctic.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/es202655k} (DOI). Zhong, G.; Xie, Z.; Cai, M.; Moeller, A.; Sturm, R.; Tang, J.; Zhang, G.; He, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Distribution and Air–Sea Exchange of Current-Use Pesticides (CUPs) from East Asia to the High Arctic Ocean. Environmental Science and Technology. 2012. vol. 46, no. 1, 259-267. DOI: 10.1021/es202655k}}
@misc{sheppard_reefs_and_2012, 
author={Sheppard, C.R.C.,Ateweberhan, M.,Bowen, B.W.,Carr, P.,Chen, C.A.,Clubbe, C.,Craig, M.T.,Ebinghaus, R.,Eble, J.,Fitzsimmons, N.,Gaither, M.R.,Gan, C.H.,Gollock, M.,Guzman, N.,Graham, N.A.J.,Harris, A.,Jones, R.,Keshavmurthy, S.,Koldewey, H.,Lundin, C.G.,Mortimer, J.A.,Obura, D.,Pfeiffer, M.,Price, A.R.G.,Purkis, S.,Raines, P.,Readman, J.W.,Riegl, B.,Rogers, A.,Schleyer, M.,Seaward, M.R.D.,Sheppard, A.L.S.,Tamelander, J.,Turner, J.R.,Visram, S.,Vogler, C.,Vogt, S.,Wolschke, H.,Yang, J.M.-C.,Yang S.-Y.,Yesson, C.},
title={Reefs and islands of the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean: why it is the world’s largest no-take marine protected area},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1248},
abstract = {1. The Chagos Archipelago was designated a no-take marine protected area (MPA) in 2010; it covers 550 000 km2,,with more than 60 000 km2 shallow limestone platform and reefs. This has doubled the global cover of such MPAs.,2. It contains 25–50% of the Indian Ocean reef area remaining in excellent condition, as well as the world’s,largest contiguous undamaged reef area. It has suffered from warming episodes, but after the most severe mortality,event of 1998, coral cover was restored after 10 years.,3. Coral reef fishes are orders of magnitude more abundant than in other Indian Ocean locations, regardless of,whether the latter are fished or supposedly protected.,4. Coral diseases are extremely low, and no invasive marine species are known.,5. Genetically, Chagos marine species are part of the Western Indian Ocean, and serves as a ‘stepping-stone’ in,the Ocean.,6. The no-take MPA extends to the 200nm boundary, and. includes 86 un-fished seamounts and 243 deep,knolls as well as encompassing important pelagic species.,7. On the larger islands, native plants, coconut crabs, bird and turtle colonies were largely destroyed in,plantation times, but several smaller islands are in relatively undamaged state.,8. There are now 10 ‘important bird areas’, coconut crab density is high and numbers of green and hawksbill,turtles are recovering.,9. Diego Garcia atoll contains a military facility; this atoll contains one Ramsar site and several ‘strict nature,reserves’. Pollutant monitoring shows it to be the least polluted inhabited atoll in the world. Today, strict,environmental regulations are enforced.,10. Shoreline erosion is significant in many places. Its economic cost in the inhabited part of Diego Garcia is,very high, but all islands are vulnerable.,11. Chagos is ideally situated for several monitoring programmes, and use is increasingly being made of the,archipelago for this purpose.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1248} (DOI). Sheppard, C.; Ateweberhan, M.; Bowen, B.; Carr, P.; Chen, C.; Clubbe, C.; Craig, M.; Ebinghaus, R.; Eble, J.; Fitzsimmons, N.; Gaither, M.; Gan, C.; Gollock, M.; Guzman, N.; Graham, N.; Harris, A.; Jones, R.; Keshavmurthy, S.; Koldewey, H.; Lundin, C.; Mortimer, J.; Obura, D.; Pfeiffer, M.; Price, A.; Purkis, S.; Raines, P.; Readman, J.; Riegl, B.; Rogers, A.; Schleyer, M.; Seaward, M.; Sheppard, A.; Tamelander, J.; Turner, J.; Visram, S.; Vogler, C.; Vogt, S.; Wolschke, H.; Yang, J.; Yang S.-Y.; Yesson, C.: Reefs and islands of the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean: why it is the world’s largest no-take marine protected area. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. 2012. vol. 22, no. 2, 232-261. DOI: 10.1002/aqc.1248}}
@misc{rautheschoech_caribic_aircraft_2012, 
author={Rauthe-Schoech, A.,Weigelt, A.,Hermann, M.,Martinsson, B.G.,Baker, A.K.,Heue, K.-P.,Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M.,Zahn, A.,Scharffe, D.,Eckhardt, S.,Stohl, A.,Velthoven, P.F.J.van},
title={CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajoekull volcanic clouds in April/May 2010},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-879-2012},
abstract = {The Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) project investigates physical and chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere using a Lufthansa Airbus long-distance passenger aircraft. After the beginning of the explosive eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano on Iceland on 14 April 2010, the first CARIBIC volcano-specific measurement flight was carried out over the Baltic Sea and Southern Sweden on 20 April. Two more flights followed: one over Ireland and the Irish Sea on 16 May and the other over the Norwegian Sea on 19 May 2010. During these three special mission flights the CARIBIC container proved its merits as a comprehensive flying laboratory. The elemental composition of particles collected over the Baltic Sea during the first flight (20 April) indicated the presence of volcanic ash. Over Northern Ireland and the Irish Sea (16 May), the DOAS system detected SO2 and BrO co-located with volcanic ash particles that increased the aerosol optical depth. Over the Norwegian Sea (19 May), the optical particle counter detected a strong increase of particles larger than 400 nm diameter in a region where ash clouds were predicted by aerosol dispersion models. Aerosol particle samples collected over the Irish Sea and the Norwegian Sea showed large relative enhancements of the elements silicon, iron, titanium and calcium. Non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations in whole air samples collected on 16 and 19 May 2010 showed a pattern of removal of several hydrocarbons that is typical for chlorine chemistry in the volcanic clouds. Comparisons of measured ash concentrations and simulations with the FLEXPART dispersion model demonstrate the difficulty of detailed volcanic ash dispersion modelling due to the large variability of the volcanic cloud sources, extent and patchiness as well as the thin ash layers formed in the volcanic clouds.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-879-2012} (DOI). Rauthe-Schoech, A.; Weigelt, A.; Hermann, M.; Martinsson, B.; Baker, A.; Heue, K.; Brenninkmeijer, C.; Zahn, A.; Scharffe, D.; Eckhardt, S.; Stohl, A.; Velthoven, P.: CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajoekull volcanic clouds in April/May 2010. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2012. vol. 12, no. 2, 879-902. DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-879-2012}}
@misc{vautard_evaluation_of_2012, 
author={Vautard, R.,Moran, M.D.,Solazzo, E.,Gilliam, R.C.,Matthias, V.,Bianconi, R.,Chemel, C.,Ferreira, J.,Geyer, B.,Hansen, A.B.,Jericevic, A.,Prank, M.,Segers, A.,Silver, J.D.,Werhahn, J.,Wolke, R.,Rao, S.T.,Galmarini, S.},
title={Evaluation of the meteorological forcing used for the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) air quality simulations},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.065},
abstract = {Accurate regional air pollution simulation relies strongly on the accuracy of the mesoscale meteorological simulation used to drive the air quality model. The framework of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII), which involved a large international community of modeling groups in Europe and North America, offered a unique opportunity to evaluate the skill of mesoscale meteorological models for two continents for the same period. More than 20 groups worldwide participated in AQMEII, using several meteorological and chemical transport models with different configurations. The evaluation has been performed over a full year (2006) for both continents. The focus for this particular evaluation was meteorological parameters relevant to air quality processes such as transport and mixing, chemistry, and surface fluxes. The unprecedented scale of the exercise (one year, two continents) allowed us to examine the general characteristics of meteorological models’ skill and uncertainty. In particular, we found that there was a large variability between models or even model versions in predicting key parameters such as surface shortwave radiation. We also found several systematic model biases such as wind speed overestimations, particularly during stable conditions. We conclude that major challenges still remain in the simulation of meteorology, such as nighttime meteorology and cloud/radiation processes, for air quality simulation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.065} (DOI). Vautard, R.; Moran, M.; Solazzo, E.; Gilliam, R.; Matthias, V.; Bianconi, R.; Chemel, C.; Ferreira, J.; Geyer, B.; Hansen, A.; Jericevic, A.; Prank, M.; Segers, A.; Silver, J.; Werhahn, J.; Wolke, R.; Rao, S.; Galmarini, S.: Evaluation of the meteorological forcing used for the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) air quality simulations. Atmospheric Environment. 2012. vol. 53, 15-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.065}}
@misc{grebe_comparison_of_2012, 
author={Grebe, M.,Proefrock, D.,Kakuschke, A.,del Castillo Busto, M.E.,Montes Bayon, M.,Sanz-Medel, A.,Broekaert, J.A.C.,Prange, A.},
title={Comparison of different methods for the absolute quantification of harbour seal transferrin glycoforms using HPLC-ICP-MS},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ja10287k},
abstract = {Marine mammals such as harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) represent a valuable indicator for the state of their habitat or environmental changes in particular due to their key role as top predators within the marine food web. Therefore, the characterization (qualitative and quantitative) of target proteins of such organisms can be of potential use for environmental monitoring processes. In this regard, serum transferrin (Tf) is a key protein related to iron transport and its metabolism. Thus, the present work illustrates the development and comparison of different approaches for the accurate, absolute quantification of Tf isolated from blood samples of North Sea harbour seals with the aim to use possible changes in Tf glycoform patterns as an additional parameter in extended studies, focusing on the assessment of their immune status. For this purpose, different HPLC-ICP-MS approaches have been developed, which allow the highly resolved separation and detection of up to nine different Tf glycoforms in seal blood samples in less than 30 minutes, as well as their sensitive and specific absolute quantification on the basis of their characteristic iron content. One method is based on the application of a reversed gradient sheath flow to compensate gradient related effects during the iron specific detection of Tf. Here a simple flow injection with a certified element standard was used for calibration. The second developed methodology utilizes isotope dilution analysis, which was applied for the quantification of the separated Tf glycoforms. Such accurate protein quantification methods are urgently needed in particular when aiming on comparable long term health related investigations. However, since both methods can be applied independently of the availability of specific protein standards or antibodies they can be seen as universal quantification methods for the targeted biomarker.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ja10287k} (DOI). Grebe, M.; Proefrock, D.; Kakuschke, A.; del Castillo Busto, M.; Montes Bayon, M.; Sanz-Medel, A.; Broekaert, J.; Prange, A.: Comparison of different methods for the absolute quantification of harbour seal transferrin glycoforms using HPLC-ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 2012. vol. 27, no. 3, 440-448. DOI: 10.1039/c2ja10287k}}
@misc{moeller_organophosphorus_flame_2012, 
author={Moeller, A.,Sturm, R.,Xie, Z.,Cai, M.,He, J.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in airborne particles over the Northern Pacific and Indian Ocean toward the Polar Regions: Evidence for global occurrence},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/es204272v},
abstract = {Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) being applied as flame retardants and plasticizers were investigated in airborne particles over the Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Southern Ocean. Samples taken during two polar expeditions in 2010/11, one from East Asia to the high Arctic (CHINARE 4) and another from East Asia toward the Indian Ocean to the Antarctic (CHINARE 27), were analyzed for three halogenated OPs (tris(2–chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2–chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tris(1,3–dichloro–2–isopropyl) phosphate (TDCP)), four alkylated OPs (tri–n–butyl phosphate (TnBP), tri–iso–butyl phosphate (TiBP), tris(2–butoxyethyl)phosphate (TBEP) and tris(2–ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP)) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP). The sum of the eight investigated OPs ranged from 230 to 2900 pg m<sup>–3</sup> and from 120 to 1700 pg m<sup>–3</sup> during CHINARE 4 and CHINARE 27, respectively. TCEP and TCPP were the predominating compounds, both over the Asian seas as well as in the polar regions with concentrations from 19 to 2000 pg m<sup>–3</sup> and 22 to 620 pg m<sup>–3</sup>, respectively. Elevated concentrations were observed in proximity to the Asian continent enhanced by continental air masses. They decreased sharply toward the open oceans where they remained relatively stable. This paper shows the first occurrence of OPs over the global oceans proving that they undergo long–range atmospheric transport over the global oceans toward the Arctic and Antarctica.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/es204272v} (DOI). Moeller, A.; Sturm, R.; Xie, Z.; Cai, M.; He, J.; Ebinghaus, R.: Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in airborne particles over the Northern Pacific and Indian Ocean toward the Polar Regions: Evidence for global occurrence. Environmental Science and Technology. 2012. vol. 46, no. 6, 3127-3134. DOI: 10.1021/es204272v}}
@misc{lassen_isolation_of_2012, 
author={Lassen, S.,Wiebring, A.,Helmholz, H.,Ruhnau, C.,Prange, A.},
title={Isolation of a Na-v channel blocking polypeptide from Cyanea capillata medusae - A neurotoxin contained in fishing tentacle isorhizas},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.02.004},
abstract = {Jellyfish are efficient predators which prey on crabs, fish larvae, and small fish. Their venoms consist of various toxins including neurotoxins that paralyse prey organisms immediately. One possible mode of action of neurotoxins is the blockage of voltage-gated sodium (Na) channels. A novel polypeptide with Na channel blocking activity was isolated from the northern Scyphozoa Cyanea capillata (L., 1758). For that purpose, a bioactivity-guided multidimensional liquid chromatographic purification method has been developed. A neurotoxic activity of resulting chromatographic fractions was demonstrated by a bioassay, which based on the mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2A. The purification process yielded one fraction containing a single polypeptide with proven activity. The molecular weight of 8.22 kDa was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS). Utilising Laser Microdissection and Pressure Catapulting (LMPC) for the separation of different nematocyst types in combination with direct MALDI-ToF MS analysis of the intact capsules, the neurotoxin was found to be present in all types of fishing tentacle isorhizas (A-isorhizas, a-isorhizas, O-isorhizas) of C. capillata medusae.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.02.004} (DOI). Lassen, S.; Wiebring, A.; Helmholz, H.; Ruhnau, C.; Prange, A.: Isolation of a Na-v channel blocking polypeptide from Cyanea capillata medusae - A neurotoxin contained in fishing tentacle isorhizas. Toxicon. 2012. vol. 59, no. 6, 610-616. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.02.004}}
@misc{pierce_photocrosslinked_conetworks_2012, 
author={Pierce, B.F.,Tronci, G.,Roessle, M.,Neffe, A.T.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Photocrosslinked Co-Networks from Glycidylmethacrylated Gelatin and Poly(ethylene glycol) Methacrylates},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201100232},
abstract = {Biopolymer-based systems with adjustable macroscopic properties that can be varied in a wide range using only small changes in chemical composition are promising candidates for biomaterial-induced autoregeneration. Glycidylmethacrylated gelatin is photopolymerized with the addition of PEG mono- or dimethacrylate to form co-networks in pH = 7.4 PBS. The degree of swelling (Q) and water uptake (H) in PBS at 37 °C are tailorable for PEGDMA co-networks (Q ≈ 250–650 vol%), while the storage modulus of swollen networks at 37 °C can be adjusted by the PEG(D)MA content (G′ = 0.7–145 kPa). Indirect cytotoxicity tests on ethylene oxide sterilized films show non-toxic responses for the homonetwork and all but one PEGDMA-containing co-networks materials.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201100232} (DOI). Pierce, B.; Tronci, G.; Roessle, M.; Neffe, A.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Photocrosslinked Co-Networks from Glycidylmethacrylated Gelatin and Poly(ethylene glycol) Methacrylates. Macromolecular Bioscience. 2012. vol. 12, no. 4, 484-493. DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100232}}
@misc{pierce_viability_of_2012, 
author={Pierce, B.F.,Pittermann, E.,Ma, N.,Gebauer, T.,Neffe, A.T.,Hoelscher, M.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Viability of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded on Crosslinked Entropy-Elastic Gelatin-Based Hydrogels},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201100237},
abstract = {Biomimetic polymer network systems with tailorable properties based on biopolymers represent a class of degradable hydrogels that provides sequences for protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Such materials show potential for in vitro MSC proliferation as well as in vivo applications and were obtained by crosslinking different concentrations of gelatin using varying amounts of ethyl lysine diisocyanate in the presence of a surfactant in pH 7.4 PBS solution. Material extracts, which were tested for cytotoxic effects using L929 mouse fibroblasts, were non-toxic. The hydrogels were seeded with human bone marrow-derived MSCs and supported viable MSCs for the incubation time of 9 d. Preadsorption of fibronectin on materials improved this biofunctionality.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201100237} (DOI). Pierce, B.; Pittermann, E.; Ma, N.; Gebauer, T.; Neffe, A.; Hoelscher, M.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Viability of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded on Crosslinked Entropy-Elastic Gelatin-Based Hydrogels. Macromolecular Bioscience. 2012. vol. 12, no. 3, 312-321. DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100237}}
@misc{moeller_brominated_flame_2012, 
author={Moeller, A.,Xie, Z.,Cai, M.,Sturm, R.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechlorane Plus in the Marine Atmosphere from Southeast Asia toward Antarctica},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/es300138q},
abstract = {The occurrence, distribution, and temperature dependence in the marine atmosphere of several alternative brominated flame retardants (BFRs), Dechlorane Plus (DP) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were investigated during a sampling cruise from the East Indian Archipelago toward the Indian Ocean and further to the Southern Ocean. Elevated concentrations were observed over the East Indian Archipelago, especially of the non-PBDE BFR hexabromobenzene (HBB) with concentrations up to 26 pg m–3 which were found to be related to continental air masses from the East Indian Archipelago. Other alternative BFRs— pentabromotoulene (PBT), pentabromobenzene (PBBz), and 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE)—were elevated, too, with concentrations up to 2.8, 4.3, and 2.3 pg m–3, respectively. DP was detected from 0.26 to 11 pg m–3 and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) ranged from not detected (nd) to 2.8 pg m–3, respectively. PBDEs ranged from nd to 6.6 pg m–3 (Σ10PBDEs) with the highest individual concentrations for BDE-209. The approach of Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) plots indicates that HBB is dominated by long-range atmospheric transport at lower temperatures over the Indian and Southern Ocean, while volatilization processes and additional atmospheric emissions dominate at higher temperatures. In contrast, BDE-28 and -47 are dominated by long-range transport without fresh emissions over the entire cruise transect and temperature range, indicating limited fresh emissions of the meanwhile classic PBDEs.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/es300138q} (DOI). Moeller, A.; Xie, Z.; Cai, M.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechlorane Plus in the Marine Atmosphere from Southeast Asia toward Antarctica. Environmental Science and Technology. 2012. vol. 46, no. 6, 3141-3148. DOI: 10.1021/es300138q}}
@misc{solazzo_operational_model_2012, 
author={Solazzo, E.,Biancini, R.,Pirovano, G.,Matthias, V.,Vautard, R.,Moran, M.D.,Appel, K.W.,Bessagnet, B.,Brandt, J.,Christensen, J.H.,Chemel, C.,Coll, I.,Ferreira, J.,Forkel, R.,Francis, X.V.,Grell, G.,Grossi, P.,Hansen, A.B.,Miranda, A.I.,Nopmongcol, U.,Prank, M.,Sartelet, K.N.,Schaap, M.,Silver, J.D.,Sokhil, R.S.,Vira, J.,Werhahn, J.,Wolke, R.,Yarwood, G.,Zhang, J.,Rao, S.T.,Galmarini, S.},
title={Operational model evaluation for particulate matter in Europe and North America in the context of AQMEII},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.045},
abstract = {Ten state-of-the-science regional air quality (AQ) modeling systems have been applied to continental-scale domains in North America and Europe for full-year simulations of 2006 in the context of Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII), whose main goals are model inter-comparison and evaluation. Standardised modeling outputs from each group have been shared on the web-distributed ENSEMBLE system, which allows statistical and ensemble analyses to be performed. In this study, the one-year model simulations are inter-compared and evaluated with a large set of observations for ground-level particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and its chemical components. Modeled concentrations of gaseous PM precursors, SO2 and NO2, have also been evaluated against observational data for both continents. Furthermore, modeled deposition (dry and wet) and emissions of several species relevant to PM are also inter-compared. The unprecedented scale of the exercise (two continents, one full year, fifteen modeling groups) allows for a detailed description of AQ model skill and uncertainty with respect to PM.,Analyses of PM10 yearly time series and mean diurnal cycle show a large underestimation throughout the year for the AQ models included in AQMEII. The possible causes of PM bias, including errors in the emissions and meteorological inputs (e.g., wind speed and precipitation), and the calculated deposition are investigated. Further analysis of the coarse PM components, PM2.5 and its major components (SO4, NH4, NO3, elemental carbon), have also been performed, and the model performance for each component evaluated against measurements. Finally, the ability of the models to capture high PM concentrations has been evaluated by examining two separate PM2.5 episodes in Europe and North America. A large variability among models in predicting emissions, deposition, and concentration of PM and its precursors during the episodes has been found. Major challenges still remain with regards to identifying and eliminating the sources of PM bias in the models. Although PM2.5 was found to be much better estimated by the models than PM10, no model was found to consistently match the observations for all locations throughout the entire year.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.045} (DOI). Solazzo, E.; Biancini, R.; Pirovano, G.; Matthias, V.; Vautard, R.; Moran, M.; Appel, K.; Bessagnet, B.; Brandt, J.; Christensen, J.; Chemel, C.; Coll, I.; Ferreira, J.; Forkel, R.; Francis, X.; Grell, G.; Grossi, P.; Hansen, A.; Miranda, A.; Nopmongcol, U.; Prank, M.; Sartelet, K.; Schaap, M.; Silver, J.; Sokhil, R.; Vira, J.; Werhahn, J.; Wolke, R.; Yarwood, G.; Zhang, J.; Rao, S.; Galmarini, S.: Operational model evaluation for particulate matter in Europe and North America in the context of AQMEII. Atmospheric Environment. 2012. vol. 53, 75-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.045}}
@misc{helmholz_cnidom_analysis_2012, 
author={Helmholz, H.,Wiebring, A.,Lassen, S.,Ruhnau, C.,Schuett, C.,Prange, A.},
title={Cnidom analysis combined with an in vitro evaluation of the lytic, cyto- and neurotoxic potential of Cyanea capillata (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03381.16E},
abstract = {The cnidocysts and the lytic, cyto- and neurotoxic potency of a large specimen of Cyanea capillata (L.) with 55 cm umbrella diameter were compared with those of a pooled C. capillata sample (average ø 14 cm) in order to investigate organismal developments at a cellular and biochemical level. Nematocysts of the type A-isorhiza in both fishing tentacles and oral arms and the O-isorhizas of oral arms were enlarged in the 55 cm specimen. Additionally, the number of nematocysts per battery in the fishing tentacles was increased. Increased gill cell toxicity and neurotoxic activity were demonstrated for the fishing tentacle venom of the 55 cm C. capillata in comparison with the smaller medusae. A two-fold higher haemolytic activity was detected for the venom of oral arms obtained from the large C. capillata compared with the oral arm venom prepared from the smaller medusae.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03381.16E} (DOI). Helmholz, H.; Wiebring, A.; Lassen, S.; Ruhnau, C.; Schuett, C.; Prange, A.: Cnidom analysis combined with an in vitro evaluation of the lytic, cyto- and neurotoxic potential of Cyanea capillata (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Scientia Marina. 2012. vol. 76, no. 2, 339-348. DOI: 10.3989/scimar.03381.16E}}
@misc{roch_immunocompatibility_of_2012, 
author={Roch, T.,Cui, J.,Kratz, K.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Immuno-compatibility of soft hydrophobic poly (n-butyl acrylate) networks with elastic moduli for regeneration of functional tissues},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1449},
abstract = {The need for engineered devices to treat cardiovascular diseases is increasing due to an aging population and a changing lifestyle. Soft poly(n-butyl acrylate) (cPnBA) networks were recently described as polymer networks with adjustable mechanical properties and suggested as soft substrates for cells, which could potentially be used for cardiovascular implants. Vascular prostheses designed to be implanted in arteries should have an elasticity similar to blood vessels (elastic modulus at body temperature between 100 and 1200 kPa). Therefore, cPnBA networks with E-moduli of 250 kPa (cPnBA0250) and 1100 kPa (cPnBA1100) were developed. Recently, it was shown that both materials were non-cytotoxic for murin fibroblasts, human primary endothelial cells and human monocytes. However, before such newly developed polymers can be used in vivo, it has to be assured that the sterilized materials have a very low endotoxin load to avoid an unspecific activation of the immune system, which otherwise might cause local or systemic inflammatory responses and could lead to severe pathologies. In this study we investigated the immuno-compatibility of sterilized cPnBA0250 and cPnBA1100 with the help of an immuno-competent macrophage cell line as well as with whole human blood.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1449} (DOI). Roch, T.; Cui, J.; Kratz, K.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Immuno-compatibility of soft hydrophobic poly (n-butyl acrylate) networks with elastic moduli for regeneration of functional tissues. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 50, no. 1-2, 131-142. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2010-1449}}
@misc{rueder_viability_proliferation_2012, 
author={Rueder, C.,Sauter, T.,Becker, T.,Kratz, K.,Hiebl, B.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.,Zohlnhoefer, D.},
title={Viability, proliferation and adhesion of smooth muscle cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells on electrospun polymer scaffolds},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1447},
abstract = {A major clinical problem of high relevance in the cardiovascular field is late stent thrombosis after implantation of drug eluting stents (DES). Clinical widely used DES currently utilize durable polymer coatings, which can induce persistent arterial wall inflammation and delayed vascular healing resulting in an impaired endothelialization. In this study we explored the interaction of smooth muscle cells (SMC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with electrospun scaffolds prepared from resorbable polyetheresterurethane (PDC) and poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO), as well as polyetherimide (PEI), which can be surface modified, in comparison to poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (PVDF) as reference material, which is established as coating material of DES in clinical applications. Our results show that adhesion could be improved for HUVEC on PDC, PPDO and PEI compared to PVDF, whereas almost no SMC attached to the scaffolds indicating a cell-specific response of HUVEC towards the different fibrous structures. Proliferation and apoptosis results revealed that PPDO and PEI have no significant negative influence on vitality and cell cycle behaviour compared to PVDF. Hence, they represent promising candidates for temporary blood vessel support that induce HUVEC attachment and prevent SMC proliferation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1447} (DOI). Rueder, C.; Sauter, T.; Becker, T.; Kratz, K.; Hiebl, B.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.; Zohlnhoefer, D.: Viability, proliferation and adhesion of smooth muscle cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells on electrospun polymer scaffolds. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 50, no. 1-2, 101-112. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2011-1447}}
@misc{cai_per_and_2012, 
author={Cai, M.,Yang, H.,Xie, Z.,Zhao, Z.,Wang, F.,Lu, Z.,Sturm, R.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in snow, lake, surface runoff water and coastal seawater in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.030},
abstract = {The multi-matrices samples from snow (n = 4), lake water (n = 4), surface runoff water (SRW) (n = 1) and coastal seawater (n = 10) were collected to investigate the spatial distribution and the composition profiles of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica in 2011. All samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/(−)ESI-MS/MS). 14 PFASs in snow, 12 PFASs in lake water, 9 PFASs in SRW and 13 PFASs in coastal seawater were quantified, including C4, C7, C8, C10 PFSAs, C4–C9, C11–C14, C16 PFCAs, and FOSA. PFOA was detected in all samples with the highest concentration (15,096 pg/L) in coastal seawater indicating a possible influence of local sewage effluent. High concentration and mostly frequency of PFBA occurred in snow (up to 1112 pg/L), lake water (up to 2670 pg/L) and SRW (1431 pg/L) while detected in the range of method detection limited (MDL) in the coastal seawaters indicate that PFBA is mainly originated from atmospheric dust contamination and also affected by the degradation of their precursors. No geographical differences in PFOS concentrations (n = 8, 18 ± 3 pg/L) were measured in all snow and lake water samples also suggests that PFOS could be originated from the degradation of their precursors which can transported by long-range atmospheric route, but in a very low level.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.030} (DOI). Cai, M.; Yang, H.; Xie, Z.; Zhao, Z.; Wang, F.; Lu, Z.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in snow, lake, surface runoff water and coastal seawater in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2012. vol. 209-210, 335-342. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.030}}
@misc{teeling_substratecontrolled_succession_2012, 
author={Teeling, H.,Fuchs, B.M.,Becher, D.,Klockow, C.,Gardebrecht, A.,Bennke, C.M.,Kassabgy, M.,Huang, S.,Mann, A.J.,Waldmann, J.,Weber, M.,Klindworth, A.,Otto, A.,Lange, J.,Bernhardt, J.,Reinsch, C.,Hecker, M.,Peplies, J.,Bockelmann, F.D.,Callies, U.,Gerdts, G.,Wichels, A.,Wiltshire, K.H.,Gloeckner, F.O.,Schweder, T.,Amann, R.},
title={Substrate-Controlled Succession of Marine Bacterioplankton Populations Induced by a Phytoplankton Bloom},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1218344},
abstract = {Phytoplankton blooms characterize temperate ocean margin zones in spring. We investigated the bacterioplankton response to a diatom bloom in the North Sea and observed a dynamic succession of populations at genus-level resolution. Taxonomically distinct expressions of carbohydrate-active enzymes (transporters; in particular, TonB-dependent transporters) and phosphate acquisition strategies were found, indicating that distinct populations of Bacteroidetes, Gammaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria are specialized for successive decomposition of algal-derived organic matter. Our results suggest that algal substrate availability provided a series of ecological niches in which specialized populations could bloom. This reveals how planktonic species, despite their seemingly homogeneous habitat, can evade extinction by direct competition.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1218344} (DOI). Teeling, H.; Fuchs, B.; Becher, D.; Klockow, C.; Gardebrecht, A.; Bennke, C.; Kassabgy, M.; Huang, S.; Mann, A.; Waldmann, J.; Weber, M.; Klindworth, A.; Otto, A.; Lange, J.; Bernhardt, J.; Reinsch, C.; Hecker, M.; Peplies, J.; Bockelmann, F.; Callies, U.; Gerdts, G.; Wichels, A.; Wiltshire, K.; Gloeckner, F.; Schweder, T.; Amann, R.: Substrate-Controlled Succession of Marine Bacterioplankton Populations Induced by a Phytoplankton Bloom. Science. 2012. vol. 336, no. 6081, 608-611. DOI: 10.1126/science.1218344}}
@misc{bieser_impact_of_2012, 
author={Bieser, J.,Aulinger, A.,Matthias, V.,Quante, M.},
title={Impact of Emission Reductions between 1980 and 2020 on Atmospheric Benzo[a]pyrene Concentrations over Europe},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0953-z},
abstract = {Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) has been proven to be toxic and carcinogenic. Since 2010, the European Union officially established target values for BaP concentrations in ambient air. In this study BaP concentrations over Europe have been modelled using a modified version of the chemistry transport model Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) which includes the relevant reactions of BaP. CMAQ has been run using different emission datasets for the years 1980, 2000, and 2020 as input data. In this study, the changes in BaP concentrations between 1980 and 2020 are evaluated and regions which exceed the European annual target value of 1 ng/m3 are identified, i.e. the Po Valley, the Paris metropolitan,area, the Rhine-Ruhr area, Vienna, Madrid, and Moscow. Additionally, the impact of emission reductions,on atmospheric concentrations of BaP is investigated.,Between 1980 and 2000, half of the BaP emission reductions are due to lower emissions from industrial sources. These emission reductions, however, only contribute to one third of the total ground-level BaP,concentration reduction. Further findings are that between 2000 and 2020, a large part (40%) of the BaP,concentration reduction is not due to changes in BaP emissions but caused by changes in emissions of criteria,pollutants which have an impact on the formation of ozone.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0953-z} (DOI). Bieser, J.; Aulinger, A.; Matthias, V.; Quante, M.: Impact of Emission Reductions between 1980 and 2020 on Atmospheric Benzo[a]pyrene Concentrations over Europe. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 2012. vol. 223, no. 3, 1393-1414. DOI: 10.1007/s11270-011-0953-z}}
@misc{zhao_distribution_and_2012, 
author={Zhao, Z.,Xie, Z.,Moeller, A.,Sturm, R.,Tang, J.,Zhang, G.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Distribution and long-range transport of polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Arctic, Atlantic Ocean and Antarctic coast},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.004},
abstract = {The global distribution and long-range transport of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated using seawater samples collected from the Greenland Sea, East Atlantic Ocean and the Southern Ocean in 2009–2010. Elevated levels of ΣPFASs were detected in the North Atlantic Ocean with the concentrations ranging from 130 to 650 pg/L. In the Greenland Sea, the ΣPFASs concentrations ranged from 45 to 280 pg/L, and five most frequently detected compounds were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). PFOA (15 pg/L) and PFOS (25–45 pg/L) were occasionally found in the Southern Ocean. In the Atlantic Ocean, the ΣPFASs concentration decreased from 2007 to 2010. The elevated PFOA level that resulted from melting snow and ice in Greenland Sea implies that the Arctic may have been driven by climate change and turned to be a source of PFASs for the marine ecosystem.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.004} (DOI). Zhao, Z.; Xie, Z.; Moeller, A.; Sturm, R.; Tang, J.; Zhang, G.; Ebinghaus, R.: Distribution and long-range transport of polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Arctic, Atlantic Ocean and Antarctic coast. Environmental Pollution. 2012. vol. 170, 71-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.004}}
@misc{brunke_emissions_of_2012, 
author={Brunke, E.-G.,Ebinghaus, R.,Kock, H.H.,Labuschagne, C.,Slemr, F.},
title={Emissions of mercury in southern Africa derived from long-term observations at Cape Point, South Africa},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7465-2012},
abstract = {Mercury emissions in South Africa have so far been estimated only by a bottom-up approach from activities and emission factors for different processes. In this paper we derive GEM/CO (GEM being gaseous elemental mercury, Hg0), GEM/CO2, GEM/CH4, CO/CO2, CH4/CO2, and CH4/CO emission ratios from plumes observed during long-term monitoring of these species at Cape Point between March 2007 and December 2009. The average observed GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, GEM/CH4, CO/CO2, CH4/CO2, and CH4/CO emission ratios were 2.40 ± 2.65 pg m−3 ppb−1 (n = 47), 62.7 ± 80.2 pg m−3 ppm−1 (n = 44), 3.61 ± 4.66 pg m−3 ppb−1 (n = 46), 35.6 ± 25.4 ppb ppm−1 (n = 52), 20.2 ± 15.5 ppb ppm−1 (n = 48), and 0.876 ± 1.106 ppb ppb−1 (n = 42), respectively. The observed CO/CO2, CH4/CO2, and CH4/CO emission ratios agree within the combined uncertainties of the observations and emissions with the ratios calculated from EDGAR (version 4.2) CO2, CO, and CH4 inventories for South Africa and southern Africa (South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique) in 2007 and 2008 (inventories for 2009 are not available yet). Total elemental mercury emission of 13.1, 15.2, and 16.1 t Hg yr−1 are estimated independently using the GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, and GEM/CH4 emission ratios and the annual mean CO, CO2, and CH4 emissions, respectively, of South Africa in 2007 and 2008. The average of these independent estimates of 14.8 t GEM yr−1 is much less than the total emission of 257 t Hg yr−1 shown by older inventories which are now considered to be wrong. Considering the uncertainties of our emission estimate, of the emission inventories, and the fact that emission of GEM represents 50–78 % of all mercury emissions, our estimate is comparable to the currently cited GEM emissions in 2004 and somewhat smaller than emissions in 2006. A further increase of mercury emissions due to increasing electricity consumption will lead to a more pronounced difference. A quantitative assessment of the difference and its significance, however, will require emission inventories for the years of observations (2007–2009) as well as better data on the speciation of the total mercury emissions in South Africa.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7465-2012} (DOI). Brunke, E.; Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H.; Labuschagne, C.; Slemr, F.: Emissions of mercury in southern Africa derived from long-term observations at Cape Point, South Africa. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2012. vol. 12, no. 16, 7465-7474. DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-7465-2012}}
@misc{zhong_currently_used_2012, 
author={Zhong, G.,Xie, Z.,Moeller, A.,Halsall, C.,Caba, A.,Sturm, R.,Tang, J.,Zhang, G.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Currently used pesticides, hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorocyclohexanes in the air and seawater of the German Bight (North Sea)},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1071/EN12065},
abstract = {Surface seawater and air samples collected from the German Bight (North Sea) in March, May and July 2010 were analysed for hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), five currently used pesticides (CUPs) (trifluralin, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, dacthal and quintozene) and pentachloroanisole (metabolite). Volatilisation from local surfaces was considered to be the main source of these chemicals to the air (excluding trifluralin). Long-range transport from Western Europe partly contributed to the higher air concentrations observed in July whereas riverine input was the main source for HCHs and pentachloroanisole in seawater in March. Air–sea gas exchange of HCB and α-HCH in the German Bight was found to be near equilibrium, probably reflecting the past use of these chemicals, their wide dispersal in the environment and lack of contemporary use. Deposition of target compounds from the air to seawater was observed to be much higher in July compared with depositional fluxes for March and May, except for chlorpyrifos (with volatilisation fluxes in all sampling periods: ~25 ng m–2 day–1). Concentrations of trifluralin in seawater appear to have decreased since its restriction of use in European Union member states, with net volatilisation from seawater observed in March (flux: 6.3 ± 7.2 ng m–2 day–1). With the exception of chlorpyrifos, our results indicate that volatilisation from local sources combined with long-range transport from Western Europe and subsequent deposition are important pathways for these compounds to German Bight seawater during summer periods.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1071/EN12065} (DOI). Zhong, G.; Xie, Z.; Moeller, A.; Halsall, C.; Caba, A.; Sturm, R.; Tang, J.; Zhang, G.; Ebinghaus, R.: Currently used pesticides, hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorocyclohexanes in the air and seawater of the German Bight (North Sea). Environmental Chemistry. 2012. vol. 9, no. 4, 405-414. DOI: 10.1071/EN12065}}
@misc{mayer_proangiogenic_cd14_2012, 
author={Mayer, A.,Roch, T.,Kratz, K.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Pro-angiogenic CD14++ CD16+ CD163+ monocytes accelerate the in vitro endothelialization of soft hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.011},
abstract = {As the majority of the polymers used as cardiovascular grafts so far do not match the elasticity of human arteries (100–1000 kPa) and the required endothelialization, a multifunctional material approach is needed to allow the adjustment of the mechanical properties while at the same time exhibiting a haemocompatible surface. Recently soft poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks (cPnBA) with adjustable mechanical properties were introduced as candidate materials with a surface that can be endothelialized. In this study, angiogenically stimulated intermediate CD163+ monocytes/macrophages (aMO2) were utilized as a cellular cytokine release system to realize the functional endothelialization of the hydrophobic cPnBA surface. We investigated the influence of co-cultured aMO2 on the morphology, density and cytokine secretion of human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) seeded on cPnBA with an elastic modulus of around 250 kPa (cPnBA0250). A functional confluent HUVEC monolayer could be developed in the co-culture within 3 days. In contrast, the HUVEC in the monoculture exhibited stress fibres, broadened marginal filament bands and significantly more and larger cell-free areas in the monolayer, indicating incomplete cell–substrate binding. Remarkably, a functional confluent monolayer formation could only be achieved in co-cultures; it did not develop with the sole supplementation of recombinant VEGF-A165 to the HUVEC monocultures (unpublished data). The study demonstrated the multifunctional potential of cPnBA in combination with aMO2 as a cellular cytokine release system, adapting their secretion to the demand of HUVEC. In this way, a functional confluent monolayer could be generated within 3 days.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.011} (DOI). Mayer, A.; Roch, T.; Kratz, K.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Pro-angiogenic CD14++ CD16+ CD163+ monocytes accelerate the in vitro endothelialization of soft hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks. Acta Biomaterialia. 2012. vol. 8, no. 12, 4253-4259. DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.011}}
@misc{dhnke_balance_of_2012, 
author={Dähnke, K.,Moneta, A.,Veuger, B.,Soetaert, K.,Middelburg, J.J.},
title={Balance of assimilative and dissimilative nitrogen processes in a diatom-rich tidal flat sediment},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4059-2012},
abstract = {Tidal flat sediments are subject to repetitive mixing and resuspension events. In a short-term (24 h) 15N-labelling experiment, we investigated reactive nitrogen cycling in a tidal flat sediment following an experimentally induced resuspension event. We focused on (a) the relative importance of assimilatory versus dissimilatory processes and (b) the role of benthic microalgae therein. 15N-labelled substrate was added to homogenized sediment, and 15N was subsequently traced into sediment and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) pools. Integration of results in a N-cycle model allowed us to quantify the proportion of major assimilatory and dissimilatory processes in the sediment.,Upon sediment disturbance, rates of dissimilatory processes like nitrification and denitrification were very high, but declined rapidly towards a steady state. Once this was reached, the balance between assimilation and dissimilation in this tidal mudflat was mainly dependent on the nitrogen source: nitrate was utilized almost exclusively dissimilatory via denitrification, whereas ammonium was rapidly assimilated, with about a quarter of this assimilation due to benthic microalgae (BMA). Benthic microalgae significantly affected the nitrogen recycling balance in sediments, because in the absence of BMA activity the recovering sediment turned from a net ammonium sink to a net source.,The driving mechanisms for assimilation or dissimilation accordingly appear to be ruled to a large extent by external physical forcing, with the entire system being capable of rapid shifts following environmental changes. Assimilatory pathways gain importance under stable conditions, with a substantial contribution of BMA to total assimilation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4059-2012} (DOI). Dähnke, K.; Moneta, A.; Veuger, B.; Soetaert, K.; Middelburg, J.: Balance of assimilative and dissimilative nitrogen processes in a diatom-rich tidal flat sediment. Biogeosciences. 2012. vol. 9, no. 10, 4059-4070. DOI: 10.5194/bg-9-4059-2012}}
@misc{dreyer_ombrotrophic_peat_2012, 
author={Dreyer, A.,Thuens, S.,Kirchgeorg, T.,Radke, M.},
title={Ombrotrophic Peat Bogs Are Not Suited as Natural Archives To Investigate the Historical Atmospheric Deposition of Perfluoroalkyl Substances},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/es204175y},
abstract = {As ombrotrophic peat bogs receive only atmospheric input of contaminants, they have been identified as suitable natural archives for investigating historical depositions of airborne pollutants. To elucidate their suitability for determining the historical atmospheric contamination with perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), two peat cores were sampled at Mer Bleue, a bog located close to Ottawa, Canada. Peat cores were segmented, dried, and analyzed in duplicate for 25 PFASs (5 perfluororalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), 13 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), 7 perfluororalkyl sulfonamido substances). Peat samples were extracted by ultrasonication, cleaned up using a QuEChERS method, and PFASs were measured by HPLC-MS/MS. Twelve PFCAs and PFSAs were detected regularly in peat samples with perfluorooctane sulfonate (85–655 ng kg–1), perfluorooctanoate (150–390 ng kg–1), and perfluorononanoate (45–320 ng kg–1) at highest concentrations. Because of post depositional relocation processes within the peat cores, true or unbiased deposition fluxes (i.e., not affected by post depositional changes) could not be calculated. Apparent or biased deposition rates (i.e., affected by post depositional changes) were lower than measured/calculated deposition rates for similar urban or near-urban sites. Compared to PFAS production, PFAS concentration and deposition maxima were shifted about 30 years toward the past and some analytes were detected even in the oldest segments from the beginning of the 20th century. This was attributed to PFAS mobility in the peat profile. Considerable differences were observed between both peat cores and different PFASs. Overall, this study demonstrates that ombrotrophic bogs are not suited natural archives to provide authentic and reliable temporal trend data of historical atmospheric PFAS deposition.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/es204175y} (DOI). Dreyer, A.; Thuens, S.; Kirchgeorg, T.; Radke, M.: Ombrotrophic Peat Bogs Are Not Suited as Natural Archives To Investigate the Historical Atmospheric Deposition of Perfluoroalkyl Substances. Environmental Science and Technology. 2012. vol. 46, no. 14, 7512-7519. DOI: 10.1021/es204175y}}
@misc{trescher_behaviour_of_2012, 
author={Trescher, K.,Kratz, K.,Roch, T.,Juenger, M.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Behaviour of primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts on soft poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks with tailored mechanical properties},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01428.x},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01428.x} (DOI). Trescher, K.; Kratz, K.; Roch, T.; Juenger, M.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Behaviour of primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts on soft poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks with tailored mechanical properties. Experimental Dermatology. 2012. vol. 21, no. 3, e1-e58. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01428.x}}
@misc{mrowietz_influence_of_2012, 
author={Mrowietz, C.,Franke, R.-P.,Jung, F.},
title={Influence of different radiographic contrast media on the echinocyte formation of human erythrocytes},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1441},
abstract = {Echinocyte formation is associated with a rigidification of the cells that may affect capillary perfusion and, consequently, the tissue oxygen supply. This study examines how many echinocytes appeared after the addition of radiographic contrast media (RCM) (Iodixanol320, Ioversol300, Iopamidol300, and Iomeprol400) compared to red blood cells in autologous plasma and in isotonic saline solution. Isotonic saline solution, Iodixanol, Ioversol, Iopamidol and Iomeprol in concentrations of 10 vol%, 20 vol%, and 40 vol% were added to the plasma of seven healthy subjects. Subsequently, the erythrocytes were resuspended in these plasma/RCM mixtures, incubated for 5 minutes and then examined under the microscope. The concentrations and the RCM in the mixture had a significant effect on the number of discocytes (factor concentration: p < 0.0001; factor RCM: p < 0.0001). The percentage of discocytes for all concentrations depended significantly on the RCM/plasma mixture (concentration × RCM: p < 0.002). Of all RCM/plasma mixtures used, the Iodixanol/plasma mixture showed the most similar discocyte fraction compared to red blood cells in the autologous plasma. Importantly, while Iodixanol differed from all other RCMs, the other RCMs did not differ from one another with respect to the discocyte fraction.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1441} (DOI). Mrowietz, C.; Franke, R.; Jung, F.: Influence of different radiographic contrast media on the echinocyte formation of human erythrocytes. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 50, no. 1-2, 35-47. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2011-1441}}
@misc{yang_gewex_cloud_2012, 
author={Yang, H.,Dobbie, S.,Mace, G.G.,Ross, A.,Quante, M.},
title={GEWEX Cloud System Study (GCSS) cirrus cloud working group: development of an observation-based case study for model evaluation},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-829-2012},
abstract = {The GCSS working group on cirrus focuses on an inter-comparison of model simulations ranging from very detailed microphysical and dynamical models through to general circulation models (GCMs). The past GCSS cirrus cloud inter-comparison highlighted the wide range in modelling results that was a surprise to the modelling community. That inter-comparison was idealised and, therefore, a key issue was that it did not benefit from observations to help distinguish between model performances.,In this work, we aim to address this key issue by developing an observationally based case study to be used for the GCSS cirrus modelling inter-comparison study. We focused on developing a case that had sufficient observations with which to evaluate models, to help identify which models in the inter-comparison are performing well and highlight areas for model development. Furthermore, it will provide a base case for future model comparisons or testing of new or updated models. This paper outlines the modelling case development and the inter-comparison results will be presented in a follow-on paper.,The case was based on the 9 March 2000 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) during an intensive observation period (IOP). The case was developed utilising various observations including ARM SGP remote sensing including the MilliMeter Cloud Radar (MMCR), radiometers, radiosondes, aircraft observations, satellite observations, objective analysis and complemented with results from the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model as well as bespoke gravity wave simulations used to provide the best estimate for large scale forcing. The retrievals of ice water content, ice number concentration and fall velocity provide several constraints to evaluate model performances. Initial testing of the case has been reported using the UK Met Office Large Eddy Simulation Model (LEM) which suggests the case is appropriate for the model inter-comparison study. To our knowledge, this case offers the most detailed case study for cirrus comparison available and we anticipate this will offer significant benefits over past comparisons which have mostly been loosely based on observations.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-829-2012} (DOI). Yang, H.; Dobbie, S.; Mace, G.; Ross, A.; Quante, M.: GEWEX Cloud System Study (GCSS) cirrus cloud working group: development of an observation-based case study for model evaluation. Geoscientific Model Development. 2012. vol. 5, no. 3, 829-843. DOI: 10.5194/gmd-5-829-2012}}
@misc{soerensen_multidecadal_decline_2012, 
author={Soerensen, A.L.,Jacob, D.J.,Streets, D.G.,Witt, M.L.I.,Ebinghaus, R.,Mason, R.P.,Andersson, M.,Sunderland, E.M.},
title={Multi-decadal decline of mercury in the North Atlantic atmosphere explained by changing subsurface seawater concentrations},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053736},
abstract = {We analyze 1977–2010 trends in atmospheric mercury (Hg) from 21 ship cruises over the North Atlantic (NA) and 15 over the South Atlantic (SA). We find a steep 1990–2009 decline of −0.046 ± 0.010 ng m−3 a−1 (−2.5% a−1) over the NA (steeper than at Northern Hemispheric land sites) but no significant decline over the SA. Surface water Hg0 measurements in the NA show a decline of −5.7% a−1 since 1999, and limited subsurface ocean data show an ∼80% decline from 1980 to present. We use a coupled global atmosphere-ocean model to show that the decline in NA atmospheric concentrations can be explained by decreasing oceanic evasion from the NA driven by declining subsurface water Hg concentrations. We speculate that this large historical decline of Hg in the NA Ocean could have been caused by decreasing Hg inputs from rivers and wastewater and by changes in the oxidant chemistry of the atmospheric marine boundary layer.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053736} (DOI). Soerensen, A.; Jacob, D.; Streets, D.; Witt, M.; Ebinghaus, R.; Mason, R.; Andersson, M.; Sunderland, E.: Multi-decadal decline of mercury in the North Atlantic atmosphere explained by changing subsurface seawater concentrations. Geophysical Research Letters. 2012. vol. 39, L 21810. DOI: 10.1029/2012GL053736}}
@misc{vik_a_geoss_2012, 
author={Vik, A.,Quante, M.,Moldanova, J.,Matthias, V.},
title={A GEOSS perspective on Air Quality and Health in Europe: The EGIDA Methodology},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Vik, A.; Quante, M.; Moldanova, J.; Matthias, V.: A GEOSS perspective on Air Quality and Health in Europe: The EGIDA Methodology. Earthzine. 2012.}}
@misc{wang_the_influence_2012, 
author={Wang, W.,Ma, N.,Kratz, K.,Xu, X.,Li, Z.,Roch, T.,Bieback, K.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={The influence of polymer scaffolds on cellular behaviour of bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1611},
abstract = {Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types. Therefore, they are widely explored in regenerative medicine. The interaction of MSCs with biomaterials is of great importance for cell proliferation, differentiation and function, and can be strongly influenced by numerous factors, such as the chemical nature and the mechanical properties of the material surface. In this study, we investigated the interaction of bone marrow derived human MSCs with different amorphous and transparent polymers namely polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), poly(ether imide) (PEI), polyetherurethane (PEU) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (PSAN). To ensure that the MSCs were solely in contact to the testing material we applied polymeric inserts, which were prepared from the aforementioned polymers via injection molding. The explored inserts exhibited a similar wettability with advancing contact angles ranging from 84 ± 7° (PEU) to 99 ± 5° (PS) and a surface roughness of Rq ≤ 0.86 μm. The micromechanical properties determined by AFM indentation varied from 6 ± 1 GPa (PEU) to 24 ± 5 GPa (PSAN). Cells presented different adhesion rates on the polymer surfaces 24 hours after seeding (45 ± 7% (PS), 63 ± 1% (PC), 75 ± 4% (PEI), 69 ± 2% (PEU) and 61 ± 5% (PSAN)). The cells could proliferate on the polymer surfaces, and the fold change of cell number after 16 days of culture reached to 1.93 ± 0.07 (PS), 3.38 ± 0.11 (PC), 3.65 ± 0.04 (PEI), 2.24 ± 0.15 (PEU) and 3.36 ± 0.09 (PSAN). Differences in cell apoptosis could be observed during the culture. After 7 days, the apoptosis of cells on PC, PEI and PSAN decreased to a level comparable to that on standard tissue culture plate (TCP). All of the tested polymers exhibited low cytotoxicity and allowed high cell viability. Compared to cells on TCP, cells on PC and PEI showed similar morphology, distribution as well as F-actin cytoskeleton organization, whereas cells on PSAN were distributed less evenly and cells on PEU were less oriented. Cells were more likely to form clusters on PS. Conclusively, we demonstrated the influence of polymer substrates on the cellular behaviour of MSCs, which could be included in the development of novel design concepts based on polymeric biomaterials.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1611} (DOI). Wang, W.; Ma, N.; Kratz, K.; Xu, X.; Li, Z.; Roch, T.; Bieback, K.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: The influence of polymer scaffolds on cellular behaviour of bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 52, no. 2-4, 357-373. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2012-1611}}
@misc{roch_immunological_evaluation_2012, 
author={Roch, T.,Krueger, A.,Kratz, K.,Ma, N.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Immunological evaluation of polystyrene and poly(ether imide) cell culture inserts with different roughness},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1612},
abstract = {For the successful clinical and biological application of polymers, their interaction with cells, tissues, and body fluids has to be well characterized. In order to investigate how the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of candidate biomaterials influence cell behaviours, the testing sample is usually placed in commercially available cell culture plates. Thus, not only the testing sample itself but also the culture dish material might influence the cell behaviour. Therefore, an insert system was created to exclude this influence and allow investigations of the testing material solely. In this study micropatterned inserts prepared from polystyrene (PS) as well as from poly(ether imide) (PEI) with three different roughness levels of i) Rq = 0.12 μm (PS) and 0.23 μm (PEI); ii) Rq = 3.52 μm (PS) and 3.92 μm (PEI); and iii) Rq = 16.04 μm (PS) and 22.65 μm (PEI) were explored with regard of their immuno-compatibility including the determination of potential contaminations with endotoxins or other microbial products. The endotoxin levels of the inserts were determined to be less than 0.07 EU/mL, which is well below the U.S. Food and Drug Administration limit of 0.5 EU/mL and the survival of murine macrophages cultured in the inserts was not impaired. Activation of early immune mechanisms such as complement activation and the generation of reactive oxygen species could not be observed. All tested materials had no influence on the cytokine secretion from cells of whole human blood. The investigated inserts were immuno-compatible and apparently free of contaminations with microbial products. The roughness of the inserts had no stimulatory or inhibitory effect on early immune mechanisms. Conclusively, the 24-well plate insert systems introduced in this study allow investigating the interactions of tailored surface properties such as roughness with many other cell types, without the disadvantage of the standard commercially available culture vessels influencing the biomaterial testing.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1612} (DOI). Roch, T.; Krueger, A.; Kratz, K.; Ma, N.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Immunological evaluation of polystyrene and poly(ether imide) cell culture inserts with different roughness. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 52, no. 2-4, 375-389. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2012-1612}}
@misc{jung_physically_crosslinked_2012, 
author={Jung, F.,Goers, J.,Roch, T.,Zaupa, A.,Pierce, B.,Neffe, A.T.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Physically crosslinked gelatins functionalized with tyrosine moieties do not induce angiogenesis or thrombus formation in the developing vasculature in the avian chorioallantoic membrane},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1443},
abstract = {Gelatins functionalized with desaminotyrosine or desaminotyrosyl tyrosine form physically crosslinked polymer networks due to the interactions between the introduced aromatic moeties. In the swollen state, their mechanical properties can be tailored in a range similar to the elasticity of soft tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate their potential as biomaterials by determining whether these materials – in comparison to plain gelatin – induce bleedings, thrombotic processes, or angiogenesis. These investigations were performed using the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane (HETCAM) assay. These results indicate that the gelatin-based hydrogels did not possess angiogenic effects and also did not induce bleedings, thrombotic processes or vessel destruction (avascular zones). The biocompatibility of the materials in vitro motivates the exploration of their application as matrix in local drug-release systems with short half-life times (1 hour up to several days).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1443} (DOI). Jung, F.; Goers, J.; Roch, T.; Zaupa, A.; Pierce, B.; Neffe, A.; Lendlein, A.: Physically crosslinked gelatins functionalized with tyrosine moieties do not induce angiogenesis or thrombus formation in the developing vasculature in the avian chorioallantoic membrane. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 50, no. 1-2, 55-63. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2011-1443}}
@misc{scharnagl_behaviour_of_2012, 
author={Scharnagl, N.,Hiebl, B.,Trescher, K.,Zierke, M.,Behl, M.,Kratz, K.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Behaviour of fibroblasts on water born acrylonitrile-based copolymers containing different cationic and anionic moieties},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1606},
abstract = {The chemical composition of a substrate can influence the adhesion, viability and proliferation of cells seeded on the substrate. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of different cationic or anionic moieties in acrylonitrile-based copolymers on the interaction with fibroblasts. A series of ten different types of acrylonitrile-based copolymers with a random sequence structure was prepared using a water born synthesis process to exclude potential residues of organic solvents. As charged comonomers cationic methacrylic acid-2-aminoethylester hydrochloride (AEMA), N-3-amino-propyl-methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA) and anionic 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt (NaMAS) were utilized. By application of a specific sintering procedure the copolymer materials were processed into transparent disks for conducting cell tests in direct contact. The copolymers were analyzed with respect to their composition and surface properties. Cytotoxicity tests of the polymer extracts, as well as of the disks were performed with L929 mouse fibroblasts. All copolymers showed no cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, for higher molar ratios of AEMA an increase in cell growth could be observed, which might be a hint that higher charge densities are favorable for the proliferation of L929 cells.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1606} (DOI). Scharnagl, N.; Hiebl, B.; Trescher, K.; Zierke, M.; Behl, M.; Kratz, K.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Behaviour of fibroblasts on water born acrylonitrile-based copolymers containing different cationic and anionic moieties. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 52, no. 2-4, 295-311. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2012-1606}}
@misc{schulz_viability_and_2012, 
author={Schulz, C.,Ruesten-Lange, M.v.,Krueger, A.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Viability and function of primary human endothelial cells on smooth poly(ether imide) films},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1604},
abstract = {Poly(ether imide) (PEI) is being explored as potential biomaterial for cardiovascular applications. Different studies showed that human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) are able to adhere and proliferate on PEI membranes (Rq = 13.20 ± 1.58 nm). A recently published study revealed evidence for much lower platelet adhesion on very smooth PEI-films (Rq = 2.37 ± 1.40 nm). Therefore, we explored whether primary human venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) are able to adhere and proliferate on such very smooth PEI-films compared to tissue-cultured polystyrene (TCP) as reference material. Cytotoxicity testing revealed that PEI had a slight cytotoxic effect on HUVEC accompanied by a marginal reduced integrity of the plasma membrane and a significant lower mitochondrial activity. However long-term seeding experiments up to eleven days exhibited that HUVEC were able to proliferate on the PEI-films till confluence (TCP 96,190 ± 18,289 cells/cm2; PEI 91,590 ± 19,583 cells/cm2). Further studies are planned to monitor the influence of shear force on the endothelial cell monolayer in a dynamic test system to determine its stability in view of shear resistant endothelialization of PEI for cardiovascular devices.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1604} (DOI). Schulz, C.; Ruesten-Lange, M.; Krueger, A.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Viability and function of primary human endothelial cells on smooth poly(ether imide) films. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 52, no. 2-4, 267-282. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2012-1604}}
@misc{krueger_the_influence_2012, 
author={Krueger, A.,Braune, S.,Kratz, K.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={The influence of poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks on viability and function of smooth muscle cells and vascular fibroblasts},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1605},
abstract = {Background: The patency of small-diameter vascular prostheses is limited by several factors such as thrombogenicity, which is strongly influenced by surface roughness and chemical composition, or a mechanical mismatch between the elastic modulus of an artery and of the vascular prosthesis. A confluent layer of endothelial cells onto the inner surface of vascular prostheses could improve the hemocompatibility of the device. Biomaterials with adjustable elastic properties could be tailored to the values of human arteries so that a prothesis mismatch could be avoided. It was recently demonstrated that a co-culture of endothelial cells with angiogenically stimulated monocytes (aMO2) shows an accelerated formation of a functional confluent endothelial cell monolayer on soft hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) (cPnBA) networks. In addition, the cell compatibility with vascular smooth muscle cells and aortic fibroblasts, which are other important cell types of the vessel wall, is essential for a vascular prosthesis material and must therefore be explored. Purpose: Here we investigated the interaction of human vascular smooth muscle cells and aortic fibroblasts with cPnBA04 and cPnBA73. Material and methods: Human primary vascular smooth muscle cells and aortic fibroblasts were seeded on the two cPnBAs with different elastic moduli (cPnBA04 - 250 kPa and cPnBA73 - 1100 kPa) over 72 h. A live-dead staining (fluorescein diacetate/propium iodide) was performed to determine the morphology and viability of adherent cells. Furthermore, the extracellular matrix components, the actin cytoskeleton, the cell-material-contacts and the cytokine profiles were analysed. Results: Both cell types adhered and were viable on cPnBA04 and cPnBA73. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (IFN-γ and TNF-α) by smooth muscle cells and vascular fibroblasts was comparable to that of cells cultivated on a control material. The release of these cytokines by human fibroblasts was higher on cPnBA73 compared to cPnBA04. Both cell types secreted an extracellular matrix comparable to cells seeded on a control material. Conclusion: The study revealed, that cPnBA with varying elastic moduli are not only suitable for the cultivation of endothelial cells, but also for human vascular smooth muscle cells and aortic fibroblasts. Therefore, cPnBA could be a potential candidate material for the development of cardiovascular prostheses.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1605} (DOI). Krueger, A.; Braune, S.; Kratz, K.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: The influence of poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks on viability and function of smooth muscle cells and vascular fibroblasts. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 52, no. 2-4, 283-294. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2012-1605}}
@misc{matschke_influence_of_2012, 
author={Matschke, K.,Knaut, M.,Kanig, R.,Mrowietz, C.,Hiebl, B.,Jung, F.},
title={Influence of systemic hypothermia on the myocardial oxygen tension during extracorporeal circulation: Comparative study in German Landrace pigs},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1589},
abstract = {During extracorporeal circulation (ECC) controlled hypothermia is a common method of myocardial protection due to a reduction of the myocardial oxygen consumption. Although the beneficial aspects of hypothermia on the myocardial metabolism have been widely demonstrated the effect of hypothermia on the myocardial oxygen tension (PmyO2) is unclear. For this reason the PmyO2 of German Landrace pigs (male, three months of age) during ECC was analysed under mild hypothermia (32°C, n = 6 pigs) and under normothermia (n = 10 pigs, control group) within a time period of 23 min (1400 sec). Flexible invasive Clark type microcatheters were used to measure the PmyO2 in the beating heart. During normothermal ECC a continuous PmyO2 increase from 36.5 ± 15.8 mmHg to 52.6 ± 27.2 mmHg (+44.1%) after 1400 sec was measured (p = 0.02). In contrast, mild hypothermia caused a continuous PmyO2 decrease from initially 46.9 ± 17.5 mmHg to 36.7 ± 20.8 mmHg (−21.8%, p < 0.013) in the test period. Electrocardiography revealed no signs of ischemia or arrhythmia during normo- and hypothermic ECC. It seems obvious that mild hypothermia results in a reduction of the oxygen transfer to the myocardial cells and that this effect outweighs the beneficial effects of hypothermia in the myocardium which are related to reduced oxygen consumption. However, in mild hypothermia oxygen supply to the myocardium remained sufficient for normal myocardial function.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1589} (DOI). Matschke, K.; Knaut, M.; Kanig, R.; Mrowietz, C.; Hiebl, B.; Jung, F.: Influence of systemic hypothermia on the myocardial oxygen tension during extracorporeal circulation: Comparative study in German Landrace pigs. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 52, no. 2-4, 115-122. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2012-1589}}
@misc{gori_endothelial_function_2012, 
author={Gori, T.,Damaske, A.,Muxel, S.,Radmacher, M.-C.,Fasola, F.,Schaefer, S.,Fineschi, M.,Forconi, S.,Jung, F.,Muenzel, T.,Parker, J.D.},
title={Endothelial function and hemorheological parameters modulate coronary blood flow in patients without significant coronary artery disease},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1603},
abstract = {Background: Coronary (micro)vascular resistance is regulated by the complex interplay of several factors. Two potentially important determinants include endothelial function and the rheological properties of blood. However, their impact on the control of the coronary resistance vasculature is poorly understood. Methods: The corrected Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction frame count (TIMIfc, an index of coronary flow velocity), conduit artery endothelial function, intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery and complete blood counts were measured in 145 patients undergoing elective coronary angiography. Patients with obstructive coronary artery disease or systemic conditions thought to be associated with microvascular disease were excluded from the analysis. Results: There was a strong correlation between the TIMIfc measured in the three main coronary artery distributions (R values between 0.71 and 0.85, P < 0.00001). The TIMIfc was higher in males (P < 0.05), but there was no association with traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease (all P > 0.1). There was a correlation between TIMIfc and L-FMC, a parameter of resting endothelial function (R = 0.33, P < 0.0005). TIMIfc also correlated with mean platelet volume (a marker of platelet activation, R = 0.33, P < 0.001), and hematocrit (R = 0.33, P = 0.0002). There was no correlation between TIMIfc and carotid intima-media thickness and the degree of coronary atherosclerosis. Logistic regression analysis showed that L-FMC and hemorheological variables may explain as much as 19% of the variability in TIMIfc. Conclusions: Resting peripheral endothelial function, as well as parameters of platelet function, correlate with coronary TIMIfc. These data emphasize the existence of an association between endothelial function, hemorheological variables and coronary blood flow velocity.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1603} (DOI). Gori, T.; Damaske, A.; Muxel, S.; Radmacher, M.; Fasola, F.; Schaefer, S.; Fineschi, M.; Forconi, S.; Jung, F.; Muenzel, T.; Parker, J.: Endothelial function and hemorheological parameters modulate coronary blood flow in patients without significant coronary artery disease. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 52, no. 2-4, 255-266. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2012-1603}}
@misc{trescher_adherence_and_2012, 
author={Trescher, K.,Scharnagl, N.,Kratz, K.,Roch, T.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Adherence and viability of primary human keratinocytes and primary human dermal fibroblasts on acrylonitrile-based copolymers with different concentrations of positively charged functional groups},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1613},
abstract = {As shown in several studies, various properties of biomaterials such as stiffness, surface roughness, chemical composition or the amount of functional groups at the surface can influence adhesion, viability, proliferation and functionalities of cells. The aim of this work was to explore whether a cell-selective effect could be achieved for acrylonitrile-based copolymers containing different contents of positively charged functional groups, which were introduced by incorporation of methacrylic acid-2-aminoethylester hydrochloride (AEMA) units. The p(AN-co-AEMA) copolymers were synthesized by suspension polymerization in water and processed into disk shaped test specimen via a sintering process to ensure the absence of organic solvents in the copolymers. Copolymers with an AEMA content of 1.4, 1.6, and 4.4 mol-% were investigated according to their cell-selective capacity, which should support the adhesion, viability and proliferation of keratinocytes, while the adherence of fibroblasts should rather be disabled. The test samples were seeded with primary human keratinocytes and primary human dermal fibroblasts in mono- as well as in co-cultures. Tissue culture plate polystyrene (TCP) was used to control the physiologic growth of the cells. Density and viability of attached and non-adherent cells were analyzed by live/dead staining, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and flow cytometry with DAPI staining. For the assured discrimination of adherent cell types in coculture a keratin/vimentin-staining was performed. On copolymers with 4.4 mol-% AEMA adherent keratinocytes in monoculture and cocultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts showed a higher viability, a lower impairment of cell membranes and higher densities of viable cells compared to both other copolymers. For adherent fibroblasts these parameters did not differ between the copolymers and an increasing ratio of keratinocytes to fibroblasts in cocultures were found with increasing AEMA content. The results showed that keratinocytes and fibroblasts can be influenced by copolymers with different contents of positively charged functional groups. Since the tendency of a better adherence and viability of keratinocytes with increasing amounts of positively charged functional groups was shown, the potential enhancement by further increase of the amount of positively charged functional groups shall be tested in a future study.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1613} (DOI). Trescher, K.; Scharnagl, N.; Kratz, K.; Roch, T.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Adherence and viability of primary human keratinocytes and primary human dermal fibroblasts on acrylonitrile-based copolymers with different concentrations of positively charged functional groups. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 52, no. 2-4, 391-401. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2012-1613}}
@misc{jung_effect_of_2012, 
author={Jung, F.,Schulz, C.,Blaschke, F.,Muller, D.N.,Mrowietz, C.,Franke, R.P.,Lendlein, A.,Schunck, W.-H.},
title={Effect of cytochrome P450-dependent epoxyeicosanoids on Ristocetin-induced thrombocyte aggregation},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1614},
abstract = {Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) produced by cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent epoxidation of arachidonic acid (AA) inhibit thrombocyte adhesion to the vascular wall. Upon dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, EETs are partially replaced by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EEQs) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs). We hypothesized that the omega-3 epoxy-metabolites may exhibit superior anti-thrombogenic properties compared to their AA-derived counterparts. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the effects of 11,12-EET, 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP on Ristocetin-induced thrombocyte aggregation (RITA), a process that mimics thrombocyte adhesion to the vascular wall. The eicosanoids were added for 5, 30, or 60 minutes to thrombocyte-rich plasma freshly prepared immediately after blood collection from stringently selected apparently healthy subjects. Thrombocyte aggregation was then induced by Ristocetin (0.75 mg/mL) and assessed by turbidimetric measurements. After 60 minutes of preincubation, all three epoxy-metabolites significantly decreased the rate of RITA. 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP were effective already at 1 μM, whereas 5-fold higher concentrations were required with 11,12-EET. Addition of AUDA, an inhibitor of the soluble epoxide hydrolase, potentiated the effect of 17,18-EEQ resulting in a significant further decrease of the velocity as well as amplitude of the aggregation process. In contrast to their profound effects on RITA, none of the epoxy-metabolites was effective in reducing collagen- or ADP-induced thrombocyte aggregation. These results indicate a highly specific role of CYP-eicosanoids in preventing thromboembolic events and suggest that the formation of 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP may contribute to the anti-thrombotic effects of omega-3 fatty acids.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1614} (DOI). Jung, F.; Schulz, C.; Blaschke, F.; Muller, D.; Mrowietz, C.; Franke, R.; Lendlein, A.; Schunck, W.: Effect of cytochrome P450-dependent epoxyeicosanoids on Ristocetin-induced thrombocyte aggregation. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 52, no. 2-4, 403-416. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2012-1614}}
@misc{lange_surface_functionalization_2012, 
author={Lange, M.,Braune, S.,Luetzow, K.,Richau, K.,Scharnagl, N.,Weinhart, M.,Neffe, A.T.,Jung, F.,Haag, R.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Surface Functionalization of Poly(ether imide) Membranes with Linear, Methylated Oligoglycerols for Reducing Thrombogenicity},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201200426},
abstract = {Materials for biomedical applications are often chosen for their bulk properties. Other requirements such as a hemocompatible surface shall be fulfilled by suitable chemical functionalization. Here we show, that linear, side-chain methylated oligoglycerols (OGMe) are more stable to oxidation than oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG). Poly(ether imide) (PEI) membranes functionalized with OGMes perform at least as good as, and partially better than, OEG functionalized PEI membranes in view of protein resistance as well as thrombocyte adhesion and activation. Therefore, OGMes are highly potent surface functionalizing molecules for improving the hemocompatibility of polymers.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201200426} (DOI). Lange, M.; Braune, S.; Luetzow, K.; Richau, K.; Scharnagl, N.; Weinhart, M.; Neffe, A.; Jung, F.; Haag, R.; Lendlein, A.: Surface Functionalization of Poly(ether imide) Membranes with Linear, Methylated Oligoglycerols for Reducing Thrombogenicity. Macromolecular Rapid Communications. 2012. vol. 33, no. 17, 1487-1492. DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200426}}
@misc{braune_automated_imagebased_2012, 
author={Braune, S.,Alagoez, G.,Seifert, B.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Automated image-based analysis of adherent thrombocytes on polymer surfaces},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1610},
abstract = {A dataset of 439 confocal laser scanning microscopic images was analyzed to investigate the potential of an image-based automated analysis for identifying and assessing adherent thrombocytes on polymer surfaces. Parameters for image optimization of glutardialdehyde induced fluorescence images were classified and data mining was performed using the Java image processing software ImageJ. Previously reported analysis required that each thrombocyte had to be identified interactively and outlined manually. Now, we were able to determine the number and area of adherent thrombocytes with high accuracy (spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.98 and r = 0.99) using a two-stage filter-set, including a rolling ball background subtraction- and a watershed segmentation-algorithm. Furthermore, we could proof a significant correlation between these parameters (spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.97), determining both as suitable predictors for the evaluation of material induced thrombogenicity. The here reported image-based automated analysis can be successfully applied to identify and measure adherent thrombocytes on polymer surfaces and, thus, might be successfully integrated in a high-throughput screening process to evaluate biomaterial hemocompatibility.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1610} (DOI). Braune, S.; Alagoez, G.; Seifert, B.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Automated image-based analysis of adherent thrombocytes on polymer surfaces. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 52, no. 2-4, 349-355. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2012-1610}}
@misc{franke_do_radiographic_2012, 
author={Franke, R.P.,Fuhrmann, R.,Mrowietz, C.,Hiebl, B.,Jung, F.},
title={Do radiographic contrast media (Iodixanol or Iomeprol) induce a perturbation of human arterial and/or venous endothial cells in vitro on extracellular matrix?},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1442},
abstract = {After intra-arterial administration of several radiographic contrast media (RCM) a disorder of the downstream microcirculation with regard to blood flow velocity in microvessels and to tissue oxygen partial pressure in the myocardium of the pig heart was described. Iodixanol did not induce such a microcirculatory disorder in the myocardium of the beating heart of pigs. Whether the morphological changes reported in venous endothelial cells after incubation in culture media supplemented with RCM in vitro coincide with a serious endothelial cell dysfunction is not known. In this study we wanted to get information on possible states of dysfunction or perturbation of venous and arterial ECs through the release of prostacyclin, which was shown to follow the perturbation of ECs. Functionally confluent venous endothelial cells on extracellular matrix secreted great amounts of prostacyclin in reaction to the RCMs indicating a clear perturbation of the ECs. This was not the case in arterial EC cultures. The prostacyclin release from arterial ECs exposed to Iodixanol was more than 10-fold higher than that from arterial ECs exposed to Iomeprol. This could be one of the important factors contributing to the undisturbed myocardial microcirculation after injection of Iodixanol despite a slight echinocyte formation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1442} (DOI). Franke, R.; Fuhrmann, R.; Mrowietz, C.; Hiebl, B.; Jung, F.: Do radiographic contrast media (Iodixanol or Iomeprol) induce a perturbation of human arterial and/or venous endothial cells in vitro on extracellular matrix?. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 50, no. 1-2, 49-54. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2010-1442}}
@misc{leithaeuser_influence_of_2012, 
author={Leithaeuser, B.,Mrowietz, C.,Park, J.-W.,Jung, F.},
title={Influence of acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) on cutaneous microcirculation},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1440},
abstract = {Background: The protective effect of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in primary and secondary prophylaxis of cardiovascular events is attributed to the inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase (COX). However, a recent animal study found a vasodilating and blood pressure lowering effect of aspirin independent of COX, but mediated by inhibition of the RhoA/Rho kinase signaling pathway. Method: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study. In each instance 5 healthy volunteers received either aspirin 500 mg/d or placebo for 7 days. Capillary red blood cell velocity (vRBC) at rest and after postischemic hyperemia was determined on day 1 and 7 by means of nailfold capillary microscopy. Results: In the aspirin group after 7 days a significant increase of vRBC was found at rest and during hyperemia. In the placebo group vRBC did not change. The finding was confirmed by the cross-over design of the study. Conclusion: Aspirin at a dosage of 500 mg/d has an impact on vasoregulation in the microcirculation. At present, the underlying mode of action in humans is unknown.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1440} (DOI). Leithaeuser, B.; Mrowietz, C.; Park, J.; Jung, F.: Influence of acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) on cutaneous microcirculation. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 50, no. 1-2, 25-34. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2011-1440}}
@misc{rueder_smooth_muscle_2012, 
author={Rueder, C.,Sauter, T.,Kratz, K.,Peter, J.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.,Zohlnhoefer, D.},
title={Smooth muscle and endothelial cell behaviour on degradable copolyetheresterurethane films},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1607},
abstract = {Stent thrombosis and restenosis after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation remains a relevant problem in the cardiovascular field. The polymer-based biomaterial (e.g. stent coating) requirements are comprehensive, since the polymeric material ideally should ensure an effective re-endothelialization by recruiting endothelial cells (EC) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Simultaneously, the polymer should effectively prevent adherence of smooth muscle cells (SMC) and thereby inhibiting restenosis. The aim of this study was to gain a basic understanding on the interaction of SMC and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with nonporous polymer films. A multifunctional copolyetheresterurethane (PDC) was chosen as candidate material: PDC consists of poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) and poly(ε-caprolactone)-segments (PCL). In our study it was compared to the degradable PPDO homopolymer and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (PVDF), an established coating material of DES in clinical applications intended for longterm applications. The films were analyzed according to their thermomechanical and surface properties before being examined in contact with HUVEC and SMC concerning cell viability, proliferation and adhesion. Experimental results showed that adhesion could be improved for HUVEC on PDC compared to PPDO and PVDF. In contrast, SMC attachment is largely suppressed on PDC polymeric films indicating a cell-specific response of HUVEC towards PDC. In conclusion, PDC represents a promising candidate material for future cardiovascular applications like e.g. biodegradable (PDC) stent coatings.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2012-1607} (DOI). Rueder, C.; Sauter, T.; Kratz, K.; Peter, J.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.; Zohlnhoefer, D.: Smooth muscle and endothelial cell behaviour on degradable copolyetheresterurethane films. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2012. vol. 52, no. 2-4, 313-323. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2012-1607}}
@misc{hiebl_a_niti_2012, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Mueller, C.,Goers, J.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.,Juenger, M.,Hamm, B.,Niehues, S.M.},
title={A NiTi alloy-based cuff for external banding valvuloplasty: a six-week follow-up study in pigs},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2011.011035},
abstract = {Objective The study aimed to test a Nitinol®-based vein cuff model for external banding valvuloplasty.,Method In 12 adult minipigs, the vena jugularis externa was covered for 42 days by a cuff with an inner diameter adapted to the outer vein diameter in supine position. By changing from supine into prone position hypostatically vein dilation was induced to simulate varicose vein dilation. Cuff position and the inner diameter of the vein lumen under the cuff were examined by computer tomography scanning. Also, histological analysis of the vein wall within the cuff was performed.,Results The preset tubular shape of the cuff and the cuff position did not change in both prone and supine position, but due to fibrosis the luminal vein diameter within the cuff was decreased (P < 0.01) already after 21 days.,Conclusion A foreign body response resulted in a fibrous capsule covering the cuff which might limit cuff functionality.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2011.011035} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Mueller, C.; Goers, J.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.; Juenger, M.; Hamm, B.; Niehues, S.: A NiTi alloy-based cuff for external banding valvuloplasty: a six-week follow-up study in pigs. Phlebology. 2012. vol. 27, no. 7, 337-346. DOI: 10.1258/phleb.2011.011035}}
@misc{hermans_evaluation_of_2012, 
author={Hermans, A.,Ament, F.,Geyer, B.,Matthias, V.,Quante, M.,Rockel, B.},
title={Evaluation of Humidity, Clouds and Precipitation in COSMO-CLM and MM5 over Germany},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2012/0326},
abstract = {The knowledge of uncertainties resulting from simulations of the hydrological cycle in meteorological models is crucial for the interpretation of model results. In order to gain confidence in statements about future changes, it is necessary to assess the model skill in the representation of the hydrological cycle. This study focuses on the evaluation of the atmospheric part of the hydrological cycle in two mesoscale meteorological models, MM5 and COSMO-CLM (CCLM). By using high resolution observations from the General Observation Period (GOP) performed in the German Priority Program on Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting, the representation of integrated water vapour, total cloud cover and precipitation is evaluated. Model runs were performed for the period of 2007 and 2008 within the model domain covering Germany with a spatial resolution of about 18 km. Both models are forced by reanalysis data of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP1). The performance of the models is evaluated concerning their annual cycles, space-time structures and diurnal cycles of the model simulations. Error structures of the three considered key variables are very different: Concerning integrated water vapour, errors are mainly due to the large scale forcing in both models. MM5 exhibits a systematic wet bias. In contrast, errors in predicted total cloud cover are dominated by shortcomings of the parametrizations concerning convection and clouds. Precipitation errors are influenced by the orography and depend on the convection parametrization. Interestingly, the wet bias in integrated water vapour of MM5 does not result in a positive precipitation bias.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2012/0326} (DOI). Hermans, A.; Ament, F.; Geyer, B.; Matthias, V.; Quante, M.; Rockel, B.: Evaluation of Humidity, Clouds and Precipitation in COSMO-CLM and MM5 over Germany. Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 2012. vol. 21, no. 5, 487-502. DOI: 10.1127/0941-2948/2012/0326}}
@misc{wischke_helmholtz_virtual_2012, 
author={Wischke, C.,Kratz, K.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Helmholtz Virtual Institute „Multifunctional Materials for Medicine“},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Modern medicine is exploring novel strategies for curative therapies like minimally-invasive treatment procedures, approaches,for inducing endogenous regeneration, and targeted drug delivery, which are based on innovative multifunctional,polymeric biomaterials. Since protein-biomaterial surface interactions can critically affect the performance of such,materials in a biological environment, the strategic goal of the new Helmholtz Virtual Institute „Multifunctional Materials,for Medicine“ is to gain a comprehensive understanding of these complex processes in order to control the applicationrelevant,protein adsorption behaviour in the future. The activities of this Helmholtz Virtual Institute initiative are integrated,into the regional cluster “Healthcare Industry Berlin-Brandenburg – Health Capital”.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Wischke, C.; Kratz, K.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Helmholtz Virtual Institute „Multifunctional Materials for Medicine“. BioTOPics : Journal of Biotechnology in Berlin-Brandenburg. 2012. vol. 43, 5-7.}}
@misc{church_intercalibration_studies_2012, 
author={Church, T.,Rigaud, S.,Baskaran, M.,Kumar, A.,Friedrich, J.,Masque, P.,Puigcorbe, V.,Kim, G.,Radakovitch, O.,Hong, G.,Choi, H.,Stewart, G.},
title={Intercalibration studies of 210Po and 210Pb in dissolved and particulate seawater samples},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.776},
abstract = {Documented is an intercalibration (IC) exercise for both 210Po and 210Pb in seawater aliquots distributed between up to eight international laboratories that followed individual protocols. Dissolved and particulate samples were provided by GEOTRACES during two IC cruises at baseline stations in the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. Included were surface and/or deep dissolved and particulate samples at each site, plus complete profiles analyzed by the laboratory of the lead author. An unspecified solid phase standard was also distributed with 210Po and 210Pb in secular equilibrium to confirm spike calibrations. The 210Po activities reported n = 8) for the standard were very similar with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.6% and mean value indistinguishable from the certified value, confirming accurate calibration of Po spikes. For seawater samples, the agreement was strongly dependent for both nuclides on the activity of the samples. The agreement was relatively good for dissolved seawater samples (RSD = 9% to 29%, n = 4), moderate for the particulate samples (RSD = 12% to 80%, n = 8), and poor for particulate dip blanks (RSD = 50% to 200%, n = 8). Noted is the higher apparent affinity of 210Po versus 210Pb for polysulphone filter material. Some lack of reproducibility between labs may have been caused by unspecified differences in individual lab protocols and calculations. A minimum sample activity of 0.1 dpm for both nuclides is recommended for an adequate reproducible sample activity. It is suggested that a consistent set of procedures and calculations be used to optimize future 210Po and 210Pb analyses in seawater samples.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.776} (DOI). Church, T.; Rigaud, S.; Baskaran, M.; Kumar, A.; Friedrich, J.; Masque, P.; Puigcorbe, V.; Kim, G.; Radakovitch, O.; Hong, G.; Choi, H.; Stewart, G.: Intercalibration studies of 210Po and 210Pb in dissolved and particulate seawater samples. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods. 2012. vol. 10, no. 10, 776-789. DOI: 10.4319/lom.2012.10.776}}
@misc{prfrock_inductively_coupled_2012, 
author={Pröfrock, D.,Prange, A.},
title={Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Quantitative Analysis in Environmental and Life Sciences: A Review of Challenges, Solutions, and Trends},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1366/12-06681},
abstract = {This focal point review provides an overview of recent developments and capabilities of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) coupled with different separation techniques for applications in the fields of quantitative environmental and bio-analysis. Over the past years numerous technical improvements, which are highlighted in this review, have helped to promote the evolution of ICP-MS to one of the most versatile tools for elemental quantification. In particular, the benefits and possibilities of using state-of-the-art hyphenated ICP-MS approaches for quantitative analysis are demonstrated with a focus on environmental and bio-analytical applications.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1366/12-06681} (DOI). Pröfrock, D.; Prange, A.: Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Quantitative Analysis in Environmental and Life Sciences: A Review of Challenges, Solutions, and Trends. Applied Spectroscopy. 2012. vol. 66, no. 8, 844-868. DOI: 10.1366/12-06681}}
@misc{cui_soft_polyetabutyl_2011, 
author={Cui, J.,Kratz, K.,Hiebl, B.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Soft poly(Eta-butyl acrylate) networks with tailored mechanical properties designed as substrates for in vitro models},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.1816},
abstract = {Mechanical conditioning can serve as a potent tool to influence mechano-responsive cells, which plays a prominent role during formation and regeneration of functional tissue. Recently, the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells could be influenced by the local stiffness of hydrogels used as 2D substrates. However, the mechanical properties and the swellability of hydrogels in physiological liquids are difficult to control precisely as their properties strongly depend on physical parameters like ionic strength or pH value. Here, we explored amorphous, hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks (cPnBA) as soft substrates for cell culture system with adjustable mechanical properties. cPnBAs were synthesized via bulk radical polymerization from n-butyl acrylate (nBA) and poly(propylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PPGDMA) as crosslinker. The Young's modulus for cPnBAs determined by tensile tests could be systematically adjusted from 100 kPa to 10 MPa by increasing the PPGDMA-content at ambient temperature, while the glass transition temperature (Tg) was found to increase from −46 to −22°C. All cPnBAs exhibited similar surface properties with a surface roughness (Rq) in the range from 1.4 to 0.4 µm and advancing contact angles from 115° to 100°, which remained constant after ethylene oxide sterilization. The extracts of sterilized materials were tested for cytotoxic effects with L929 cells. All tested samples were non-cytotoxic. The functional integrity of cell membranes and mitochondrial activity stayed unaffected. The investigated polymer networks are promising candidates as soft substrates for passive mechanical stimulation of cells in vitro in cell culture devices or in vivo as implant coatings.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.1816} (DOI). Cui, J.; Kratz, K.; Hiebl, B.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Soft poly(Eta-butyl acrylate) networks with tailored mechanical properties designed as substrates for in vitro models. Polymers for Advanced Technologies. 2011. vol. 22, no. 1, 126-132. DOI: 10.1002/pat.1816}}
@misc{chrastansky_using_a_2011, 
author={Chrastansky, A.,Callies, U.},
title={Using a Bayesian Network to Summarize Variability in Numerical Long-Term Simulations of a Meteorological–Marine System: Drift Climatology of Assumed Oil Spills in the North Sea},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-010-9246-y},
abstract = {Climate-related scientific analyses of meteorological–marine systems are often based on numerical long-term simulations at high spatial and temporal detail. Such comprehensive data sets require much resources and specific evaluation tools, which sometimes hampers their use within interdisciplinary projects. In the present study, we propose the use of a Bayesian network to represent simulated transports in the North Sea depending on variable external forcing in terms of conditional probabilities. Eliciting probability tables from multi-decadal numerical simulations ensures that all realistic weather and resulting sea state conditions are covered in agreement with the frequency of their occurrence. The probabilistic representation conveniently allows for conditioning numerical simulations on either external forcing (weather conditions) or observed transports. In the latter case, the Bayesian inversion formula becomes involved to transfer information in a direction opposite to causal dependencies encoded in the underlying mechanistic model. We show that simulated travel time distributions even allow for taking into account a substance’s specific half-life, although this was not an issue in the original passive tracer simulations.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-010-9246-y} (DOI). Chrastansky, A.; Callies, U.: Using a Bayesian Network to Summarize Variability in Numerical Long-Term Simulations of a Meteorological–Marine System: Drift Climatology of Assumed Oil Spills in the North Sea. Environmental Modeling & Assessment. 2011. vol. 16, no. 1, 1-14. DOI: 10.1007/s10666-010-9246-y}}
@misc{grebe_absolute_quantification_2011, 
author={Grebe, M.,Pröfrock, D.,Kakuschke, A.,Broekaert, J.A.C.,Prange, A.},
title={Absolute quantification of transferrin in blood samples of harbour seals using HPLC-ICP-MS},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/c0mt00076k},
abstract = {Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) are bio indicators for the assessment of their habitat and environmental changes. Besides population parameters and trends (survival, age structure, sex ratio), the individual health status is an important parameter for this assessment. The health status of seals is a complex and vague item, determined by a wide range of diagnostic parameters. Quantities of important blood proteins such as transferrin (Tf), as well as altered distribution patterns of its glycoforms, are frequently used as biomarkers in clinical diagnosis. Here Tf quantities and varying pattern of its glycoforms are used as indicator for e.g. a general impairment of the liver as well as certain liver diseases, which represents one of the most frequently observed pathological indication in harbour seals of the North Sea.,Currently, most assay based quantification methods for Tf are limited since they often provide only information of the total Tf concentration rather than its different isoforms or deliver only relative concentrations of the Tf isoforms. Due to the lack of suitable antibodies for seal Tf also the application of more specific antibody based approaches is not possible. Within this background a new approach for the absolute quantification of the iron-transport protein Tf in the blood of harbour seals using its characteristic iron content and HPLC-ICP-MS detection is described. Method validation was performed using a certified human serum reference material (ERM-DA470K/IFCC). A Tf concentration of 2.33 ± 0.03 g L-1 (sum of all quantified isoforms) has been calculated, which is in good agreement with the certified total Tf concentration of 2.35 ± 0.08 g L-1, confirming the accuracy of the proposed analytical method. Finally, different seal samples were analysed to demonstrate the suitability of the method for the quantification of Tf in real samples as well as to observe modified glycoform patterns. A baseline reference range of 1.50 – 2.44 g L-1 Tf in serum and 0.00 – 0.18 g L-1 CDT in serum of harbour seals of the German North Sea was estimated.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/c0mt00076k} (DOI). Grebe, M.; Pröfrock, D.; Kakuschke, A.; Broekaert, J.; Prange, A.: Absolute quantification of transferrin in blood samples of harbour seals using HPLC-ICP-MS. Metallomics. 2011. vol. 3, no. 2, 176-185. DOI: 10.1039/c0mt00076k}}
@misc{mayer_efficacy_of_2011, 
author={Mayer, A.,Lee, S.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.,Hiebl, B.},
title={Efficacy of CD14+ blood monocytes/macrophages isolation: Positive versus negative MACS™ protocol},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1395},
abstract = {Cardiovascular implants such as stents or artificial vascular grafts established in clinical application to date are generally designed as long-term implants. An important requirement for the successful application of these devices is the haemocompatibility of their interface to the blood stream, which often is approached by polymeric coatings. Modern therapies are aiming at curative treatments (Regenerative Medicine) by inducing the in vivo formation of a new endothelial layer on the implant surface ensuring an optimal haemocompatibility based on the generated glycocalyx. A promising approach for providing the required biological stimulus is the secretion of pro-angiogenic factors (such as VEGF-A) by autologous CD14+ monocytes/macrophages (mo/mΦ), which can be induced by previous angiogenic stimulation. While protocols for negative and positive immune-isolation are already established, this study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a positive and a negative MACS™ based immune-isolation protocol by analysing the yield, the purity and the activation status of the isolated CD14+ mo/mΦ. Both protocols enabled the isolation of more than 80% (positive isolation) and 86% (negative isolation) CD14+ mo/mΦ representing approximately 1.3 × 107 CD14+ mo/mΦ from 1 ml buffy coat. Less than 10% of these cells were also positive for CD69. Latter is an important selection criterion as CD69 is a marker characteristic for classically activated and catabolic active mo/mΦ which can negatively affect the endothelialisation process. As the negative immune-isolation protocol resulted in a cell fraction meeting the requirements on a pure cell fraction (percentage of contaminating cells < 15%) this isolation method is advantageous although it was more time consuming than the positive isolation protocol.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1395} (DOI). Mayer, A.; Lee, S.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.; Hiebl, B.: Efficacy of CD14+ blood monocytes/macrophages isolation: Positive versus negative MACS™ protocol. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2011. vol. 48, no. 1-3, 57-63. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2011-1395}}
@misc{lassen_a_novel_2011, 
author={Lassen, S.,Helmholz, H.,Ruhnau, C.,Prange, A.},
title={A novel proteinaceous cytotoxin from the northern Scyphozoa Cyanea capillata (L.) with structural homology to cubozoan haemolysins},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.02.004},
abstract = {It is well known that jellyfish are producers of complex mixtures of proteinaceous toxins for prey capture and defence. Nevertheless, studies on boreal scyphozoans concerning venom composition and toxic effects are rare. Here the isolation of a novel cytotoxic protein from the fishing tentacle venom of Cyanea capillata (L. 1758) using bioactivity-guided, multidimensional liquid chromatography is described. The crude venom was purified utilising preparative size-exclusion, ion-exchange, and reversed-phase chromatography. The cytotoxicity of resulting chromatographic fractions has been proven by a dye-uptake assay with the human hepatocyte cell line HepG2. The final purification step yielded, among other fractions, a fraction containing a single protein (named CcTX-1) with a molecular weight of its main isoform of 31.17 kDa The purification process leads to an increased cytotoxic activity per protein equivalents and the finally isolated CcTX-1 caused a nearly total loss of cell viability at a protein concentration of 1.3 μg mL−1 corresponding to 0.4 μg/105 cells. De novo sequencing of CcTX-1 was conducted after enzymatic digestion and subsequent matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF/ToF MS/MS). The obtained sequence data provide an approximate 85% description of the amino acid sequence. This sequence information partially matched that of two known haemolytic proteins of two cubozoan species: CaTX-1 from Carybdea alata Reynaud, 1830 and CrTX-1 from Carybdea rastonii Haacke, 1886.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.02.004} (DOI). Lassen, S.; Helmholz, H.; Ruhnau, C.; Prange, A.: A novel proteinaceous cytotoxin from the northern Scyphozoa Cyanea capillata (L.) with structural homology to cubozoan haemolysins. Toxicon. 2011. vol. 57, no. 5, 721-729. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.02.004}}
@misc{zhou_influence_of_2011, 
author={Zhou, L.,Huang, Y.,Mao, P.,Kainer, K.U.,Liu, Z.,Hort, N.},
title={Influence of composition on hot tearing in binary Mg‐Zn alloys},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1179/136404611X13001912813942},
abstract = {Mg‐Zn alloys have a large freezing zone, and their susceptibility to hot tearing is high. Investigations on their hot tearing are necessary for both materials science and practical applications. The present work evaluates the susceptibility of hot tearing of Mg‐Zn alloy using Clyne and Davies’s modelling combined with thermodynamic calculations. In order to compare with the calculated results, the susceptibility of hot tearing was measured using previously developed quantitative experimental method. It is found that the simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results. Both of them show that the curves of the susceptibility of hot tearing versus the content of Zn has a typical ‘Λ’ shape. With increasing content of Zn, the susceptibility of hot tearing first increases, reaches the maximum at 2‐4%Zn and then decreases again. Experimental investigations also demonstrate that the hot tearing susceptibility decreases with increasing initial mould temperature.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1179/136404611X13001912813942} (DOI). Zhou, L.; Huang, Y.; Mao, P.; Kainer, K.; Liu, Z.; Hort, N.: Influence of composition on hot tearing in binary Mg‐Zn alloys. International Journal of Cast Metals Research. 2011. vol. 24, no. 3-4, 170-176. DOI: 10.1179/136404611X13001912813942}}
@misc{endres_angiogenesis_and_2011, 
author={Endres, S.,Hiebl, B.,Haegele, J.,Beltzer, C.,Fuhrmann, R.,Jaeger, V.,Almeida, M.,Costa, E.,Santos, C.,Traupe, H.,Jung, E.M.,Prantl, L.,Jung, F.,Wilke, A.,Franke, R.-P.},
title={Angiogenesis and healing with non-shrinking, fast degradeable PLGA/CaP scaffolds in critical-sized defects in the rabbit femur with or without osteogenically induced mesenchymal stem cells},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1406},
abstract = {Cost effective and safely to apply tissue engineered constructs of big volume bone transplants for the reconstruction of critical sized defects (CSD) are still not available. Key problems with synthetic scaffold materials are shrinkage and fast degradation of the scaffolds, a lack of blood supply and nutrition in the central scaffold volume and the absent or the scarce development of bone tissue along the scaffold to bridge the bone defect. The use of composite scaffolds made of biopolymers like polylactidglycolid acid (PLGA) coated and loaded with calcium phosphates (CaP) revealed promising therapeutical options for the regeneration of critical sized bone defects. In this study interconnectively macroporous PLGA scaffolds loaded with microporous and coated with nanoporous calcium phosphates were either seeded in fixed bed bioreactors with allogenic osteogenically induced mesenchymal stem cells and implanted or implanted unseeded into critical sized femoral bone defects. As CSD a 12 mm long segment of the chinchilla femur was excised where the proximal and distal parts of the femur were fixed and stabilized by the use of an eight-hole linear reconstruction plate and secured with three bicortical screws (2.7 mm diameter) on every side of the osteotomy. Aim of the study was if we could find a way to load and coat PLGA scaffolds with CaP so that shrinkage of scaffolds could be avoided, which would favour angiogenesis, blood supply and nutrition in the construct and thus avoid central necroses regularly observed so far in transplants not vascularized and which would be inhabited by cells of he bone lineage forming new bone and healing the defect. Four weeks, at least, a notable shrinkage of the scaffolds was avoided and scaffolds were practically not degraded. Both scaffolds, loaded and loaded and coated, revealed blood vessels in all parts of the implants after 4 weeks. Only in scaffolds seeded with allogenic mesenchymal stem cells the development of bridging bone constructs between proximal and distal edges of the femur was observed after four weeks without further supplementation of growth factors. In case of the implantation of non-seeded scaffolds no obvious scaffold bound bone development could be shown.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1406} (DOI). Endres, S.; Hiebl, B.; Haegele, J.; Beltzer, C.; Fuhrmann, R.; Jaeger, V.; Almeida, M.; Costa, E.; Santos, C.; Traupe, H.; Jung, E.; Prantl, L.; Jung, F.; Wilke, A.; Franke, R.: Angiogenesis and healing with non-shrinking, fast degradeable PLGA/CaP scaffolds in critical-sized defects in the rabbit femur with or without osteogenically induced mesenchymal stem cells. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2011. vol. 48, no. 1-3, 29-40. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2011-1406}}
@misc{franke_influence_of_2011, 
author={Franke, R.-P.,Fuhrmann, R.,Hiebl, B.,Jung, F.},
title={Influence of radiographic contrast media (Iodixanol und Iomeprol) on the morphology of human arterial and venous endothelial cells on extracellular matrix in vitro},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1404},
abstract = {After intra-arterial administration of radiographic contrast media (RCM), a disorder of the downstream microcirculation both with regard to blood flow velocity in microvessels and to tissue oxygen partial pressure was described. Possible factors contributing to this microcirculatory disorder are increase in plasma viscosity, a formation of echinocytes, a buckling and denudation of endothelial cells, and a disturbation of endothelial prostacyclin release. It is not known so far whether the reactions observed in the context of RCM applications are reactions of venous endothelial cells alone or also of arterial endothelial cells. Therefore, arterial ECs on ECM were exposed to the same RCMs under identical conditions. The decrease of cell-cell contacts with an increase of denuded subendothelial matrix areas in the functionally confluent endothelial cell layer on ECM were more pronounced after a five minute exposure of endothelial cells to Iomeprol compared to Iodixanol. Changes in arterial ECs after the incubation in culture media supplemented with RCM were very subtle in comparison to changes in venous ECs.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1404} (DOI). Franke, R.; Fuhrmann, R.; Hiebl, B.; Jung, F.: Influence of radiographic contrast media (Iodixanol und Iomeprol) on the morphology of human arterial and venous endothelial cells on extracellular matrix in vitro. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2011. vol. 48, no. 1-3, 41-56. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2011-1404}}
@misc{gori_perspectives_in_2011, 
author={Gori, T.,Jung, F.},
title={Perspectives in Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation: Review of the Conference of the German Society for Clinical Microcirculation and Hemorheology 2010},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1432},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1432} (DOI). Gori, T.; Jung, F.: Perspectives in Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation: Review of the Conference of the German Society for Clinical Microcirculation and Hemorheology 2010. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2011. vol. 48, no. 1-3, 1-3. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2011-1432}}
@misc{jung_influence_of_2011, 
author={Jung, F.,Mrowietz, C.,Hiebl, B.,Franke, R.P.,Pindur, G.,Sternitzky, R.},
title={Influence of rheological parameters on the velocity of erythrocytes passing nailfold capillaries in humans},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1392},
abstract = {One thousand two hundred and fifty-six subjects (apparently healthy subjects and patients with cardiovascular diseases) were registered in a prospective study including demographical and clinical data, rheological parameters (hematocrit, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, erythrocyte deformability) as well as the erythrocyte velocity in human nailfold capillaries under resting and postischemic conditions. A multivariate regression analysis showed that under resting conditions there was no correlation between rheological parameters and erythrocyte velocity in capillaries. The blood flow regulation seemed to be so effective, that pathological changes of the blood fluidity showed no effect on the velocity of an erythrocyte passing the capillaries. During vessel paralysis in the early phase of the postischemic hyperemia following a stasis of three minutes in the vasculature distal to a pressure cuff at the upper arm a very clear correlation between the plasma viscosity and the maximum postischemic erythrocyte velocity in ipsilateral cutaneous capillaries could be observed (p < 0.0001) while none of the other rheological parameters seemed to play a role. In a subgroup of diabetic patients the erythrocyte aggregation (measured during stasis) also correlated with the erythrocyte velocity (p = 0.0175) besides the plasma viscosity. This shows that a correlation of rheological parameters with the capillary perfusion could only be found during vessel paralysis. In of diabetic patients besides the plasma viscosity also the erythrocyte aggregation correlated with the mean capillary erythrocyte velocity. Theses results are in agreement with the hypothesis from Barras that plasma viscosity determines the perfusion of microvessels. Under certain conditions e.g. diabetic disorder, also the erythrocyte aggregation plays a role.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1392} (DOI). Jung, F.; Mrowietz, C.; Hiebl, B.; Franke, R.; Pindur, G.; Sternitzky, R.: Influence of rheological parameters on the velocity of erythrocytes passing nailfold capillaries in humans. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2011. vol. 48, no. 1-3, 129-139. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2011-1392}}
@misc{callies_particle_tracking_2011, 
author={Callies, U.,Pluess, A.,Kappenberg, J.,Kapitza, H.},
title={Particle tracking in the vicinity of Helgoland, North Sea: A model comparison},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-011-0474-8},
abstract = {Station Helgoland Roads in the south-eastern North Sea (German Bight) hosts one of the richest longterm time series of marine observations. Hydrodynamic transport simulations can help understand variability in the local data brought about by intermittent changes of water masses. The objective of our study is to estimate to which extent the outcome of such transport simulations depends on the choice of a specific hydrodynamic model. Our basic experiment consists of 3,377 Lagrangian simulations,in time-reversed mode initialized every 7 h within the period Feb 2002–Oct 2004. Fifty-day backward,simulations were performed based on hourly current fields from four different hydrodynamic models that are all well established but differ with regard to spatial resolution, dimensionality (2D or 3D), the origin of atmospheric forcing data, treatment of boundary conditions, presence or absence of baroclinic terms, and the numerical scheme.,The particle-tracking algorithm is 2D; fields from 3D models were averaged vertically. Drift simulations were evaluated quantitatively in terms of the fraction of released particles that crossed each cell of a network of receptor regions centred at the island of Helgoland. We found,substantial systematic differences between drift simulations based on each of the four hydrodynamic models. Sensitivity studies with regard to spatial resolution and the effects of baroclinic processes suggest that differences in model output cannot unambiguously be assigned to certain model properties or restrictions. Therefore, multi-model simulations are needed for a proper identification of uncertainties in long-term Lagrangian drift simulations.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-011-0474-8} (DOI). Callies, U.; Pluess, A.; Kappenberg, J.; Kapitza, H.: Particle tracking in the vicinity of Helgoland, North Sea: A model comparison. Ocean Dynamics. 2011. vol. 61, no. 12, 2121-2139. DOI: 10.1007/s10236-011-0474-8}}
@misc{hiebl_influence_of_2011, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Mrowietz, C.,Lee, S.,Braune, S.,Knaut, M.,Lendlein, A.,Franke, R.P.,Jung, F.},
title={Influence of polymeric microspheres on the myocardial oxygen partial pressure in the beating heart of pigs},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2011.04.001},
abstract = {Injection of labeled microspheres is an established method in animal models to analyze the capillary organ blood flow at different time points. However, the microspheres can lead to stenoses of the capillary lumen, which might affect tissue oxygen supply.,Our study aimed to investigate the influence of repeated injections of microspheres into the left coronary artery on the tissue oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in the downstream supplied myocardium of Göttingen minipigs. Tests (n = 6 pigs each) were performed with two differently sized microspheres (ø = 10 ± 0.1 μm (M10) or ø = 15 ± 0.15 μm (M15)) from polystyrene. The pO2 was measured in the midmyocardium of the left and right ventricle for 6 min continuously after each of five injections (1 × 106 microspheres each). There was a time laps of 12 min between each injection. In addition, the influence of the carrier solution was analyzed solely in the identical time frame.,pO2 decreased significantly in the myocardial area supplied by the ramus interventricularis paraconalis after injection of M15 microspheres. In contrast, the application of the M10 microspheres did not change the myocardial pO2. This finding suggests to use microspheres with diameters not exceeding 10 μm for the coronary blood flow assessment.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2011.04.001} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Mrowietz, C.; Lee, S.; Braune, S.; Knaut, M.; Lendlein, A.; Franke, R.; Jung, F.: Influence of polymeric microspheres on the myocardial oxygen partial pressure in the beating heart of pigs. Microvascular Research. 2011. vol. 82, no. 1, 52-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2011.04.001}}
@misc{foufoulageorgiou_international_year_2011, 
author={Foufoula-Georgiou, E.,Syvitski,  J.,Paola, C.,Hoanh, C. T.,Tuong, P.,Voeroesmarty, C.,Kremer, H.,Brondizio, E.,Saito, Y.,Twilley, R.},
title={International Year of Deltas 2013: A proposal},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO400006},
abstract = {Marine and lacustrine deltas around the world are economic and environmental hot spots. They occupy approximately 1% of the Earth's land area but are home to more than 500 million people—a population density more than 10 times the world average [Ericson et al., 2006]—all within 5 meters of sea level [Overeem and Syvitski, 2009]. This high density is supported by high productivity, rich biodiversity, and transport along a network of waterways. Yet deltaic systems are some of the world's most delicate and vulnerable natural systems, residing at the boundary between land and water, and are subject to upstream human control, local resource exploration, and climatic impacts.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO400006} (DOI). Foufoula-Georgiou, E.; Syvitski, J.; Paola, C.; Hoanh, C.; Tuong, P.; Voeroesmarty, C.; Kremer, H.; Brondizio, E.; Saito, Y.; Twilley, R.: International Year of Deltas 2013: A proposal. Eos - Transactions. 2011. vol. 92, no. 40, 340-341. DOI: 10.1029/2011EO400006}}
@misc{xie_brominated_flame_2011, 
author={Xie, Z.,Moeller, A.,Ahrens, L.,Sturm, R.,Ebinghaus, R.},
title={Brominated Flame Retardants in Seawater and Atmosphere of the Atlantic and the Southern Ocean},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/es103803t},
abstract = {Seawater and air samples were collected aboard the FS Polarstern during the cruises ANT-XXV/1 + 2 in the Atlantic and Southern Ocean in 2008. The particulate and dissolved phase in water and particulate and gaseous phase in air were analyzed separately for nine polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and six non-PBDE brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Air concentrations of 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE) and hexabromobenzene (HBB) in the gaseous and particulate phase (median = 0.56 pg m−3 for DPTE and 0.92 pg m−3 for HBB) were comparable to ∑9PBDEs (1.0 pg m−3). Pentabromotoluene (PBT) was detectable in 30% of the gaseous phase samples, whereas concentration of 2,4,6-tribromophenyl allylether (ATE), hexachlorocyclopentenyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO) and 2-ethyl-1-hexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTBB) were below their method detection limits. DPTE, and PBDEs were also found in seawater at low pg per liter levels. Elevated seawater concentrations of PBDEs and DPTE were measured in the English Channel and close to South African coast. Concentrations of DPTE, BDE-47, and BDE-99 in the atmosphere generally decreased from Europe toward the Southern Ocean, whereas no latitudinal trend was observed in seawater. Air−water exchange gradients suggested net deposition dominates for all selected substances. The medians of net deposition fluxes for the air−water gas exchange were 83, 21, 69, 20, and 781 pg m−2 day−1 for BDE-47, BDE-100, BDE-99, DPTE, and HBB, whereas medians of dry deposition fluxes were 2.0, 0.3, 1.2, 1.0, and 0.5 pg m−2 day−1 for BDE-47, BDE-100, BDE-99, DPTE, and HBB. Overall, these results highlight the important role of the long-range atmospheric transport of PBDE and non-PBDE BFRs to remote regions.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1021/es103803t} (DOI). Xie, Z.; Moeller, A.; Ahrens, L.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.: Brominated Flame Retardants in Seawater and Atmosphere of the Atlantic and the Southern Ocean. Environmental Science and Technology. 2011. vol. 45, no. 5, 1820-1826. DOI: 10.1021/es103803t}}
@misc{cui_polynbutyl_acrylate_2011, 
author={Cui, J.,Kratz, K.,Hiebl, B.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks with tailored mechanical properties designed as model substrates for mechano-responsive cells},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2010.1502},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2010.1502} (DOI). Cui, J.; Kratz, K.; Hiebl, B.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Poly(n-butyl acrylate) networks with tailored mechanical properties designed as model substrates for mechano-responsive cells. Tissue Engineering  A. 2011. vol. 17, no. 3-4, 531-584. DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.1502}}
@misc{wen_preparation_and_2011, 
author={Wen, Z.,Niemeyer, B.},
title={Preparation and characterization of PEGyated Concanavalin A for affinity chromatography with improved stability},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.04.018},
abstract = {In order to improve its stability, immobilized Concanavalin A (Con A) on Toyopearl adsorbents was conjugated with monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) succinimidyl propionate (mPEG-SPA) with different molecular weight. A colorimetric method using ninhydrin is proposed to determine the degree of PEGylation; this method has proved to be easy applicable and reproducible. The PEGylation reaction was studied in detail to elucidate how parameters such as molar ratio of mPEG-SPA to Con A and molecular weight of mPEG-SPA affect the degree of PEGylation. The adsorption isotherms of glucose oxidase (GOD) onto native and PEGylated Con A adsorbents showed that the modification did not alter substantially the specificity of the carbohydrate binding ability of Con A. However, the binding capacity for GOD was slightly reduced probably due to the steric hindrance caused by mPEG chains. Adsorption kinetic studies revealed a lower adsorption rate after PEGylation which was attributed to the steric effect. The dynamic adsorption capacity for modified Con A depended very much on the degree of PEGylation and the molecular weight of mPEG derivatives. The adsorption capacity could be highly preserved for Toyopearl Con A modified by mPEG2k (90% of the original adsorption capacity) even with a degree of PEGylation up to 20% (the ratio of primary amino groups of PEGylated immobilized Con A to that of native immobilized Con A). Studies show that the binding capacity of PEGylated Con A was highly preserved under mild process conditions. PEGylated Con A also exhibited obviously higher stability against more stressful conditions such as the exposure to organic solvents and high temperatures. Conjugation of Con A with mPEG2k provided better adsorption performance thus has greater potential for application in affinity separation processes compared with mPEG5k. The fact that PEGylation stabilizes the properties of Con A may greatly expand the range of applications of unstable proteins to bioprocessing (e.g. biocatalysis and downstream separation) as well as other protein applications (e.g. medication, industrial use, etc.).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.04.018} (DOI). Wen, Z.; Niemeyer, B.: Preparation and characterization of PEGyated Concanavalin A for affinity chromatography with improved stability. Journal of Chromatography  B. 2011. vol. 879, no. 20, 1732-1740. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.04.018}}
@misc{mazoniene_interaction_of_2011, 
author={Mazoniene, E.,Joceviciute, S.,Kazlauske, J.,Niemeyer, B.,Liesiene, J.},
title={Interaction of cellulose-based cationic polyelectrolytes with mucin},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.11.022},
abstract = {Mucoadhesivity of water-soluble polymers is an important factor, when testing their suitability for controlled drug delivery systems. For this purpose, the interaction of new cationic cellulose polyelectrolytes with lyophilized mucin was investigated by means of turbidimetric titration, microscopy and measurement of zeta potential and particle size changes in the system. Results show that the cellulose derivatives interact with mucin. This interaction became stronger if cellulose macromolecules contained positively charged groups and an electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged mucin particles occurred. Under certain conditions flocculation of mucin particles by the cellulose polyelectrolyte was observed.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.11.022} (DOI). Mazoniene, E.; Joceviciute, S.; Kazlauske, J.; Niemeyer, B.; Liesiene, J.: Interaction of cellulose-based cationic polyelectrolytes with mucin. Colloids and Surfaces  B. 2011. vol. 83, no. 1, 160-164. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.11.022}}
@misc{mayer_support_of_2011, 
author={Mayer, A.,Kratz, K.,Hiebl, B.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={Support of HUVEC proliferation by pro-angiogenic intermediate CD163+ monocytes/macrophages: A co-culture experiment},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1492},
abstract = {So called intermediate (MO2) monocytes/macrophages possess anti-inflammatory properties and express the MO lineage marker CD163. On a hydrophilic, acrylamide-based hydrogel human intermediate (CD14++ CD16+) CD163++ monocytes/macrophages (aMO2) which were angiogenically stimulated, maintained a pro-angiogenic and non-inflammatory status for at least 14 days. Here we explored, whether this aMO2 subset can positively influence the proliferation of human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) without switching back into a pro-inflammatory (MO1) phenotype. aMO2 or HUVEC were seeded alone on glass cover slips (0.5 × 105 cells / 1.33 cm2) in a HUVEC specific cell culture medium (EGM-2) for 3 hrs, 24 hrs and 72 hrs or under co-culture conditions (0.5 × 105 HUVEC + 0.25 × 105 aMO2 / 1.33 cm2) in EGM-2 for the same time window as well (n = 6 each). Under co-culture conditions the numbers of adherent HUVEC per unit area were significantly higher (p < 0.01; 525 ± 52 HUVEC/mm2) compared to control mono-cultures (473 ± 76 HUVEC/mm2) after 72 hrs of cultivation and showed their typically spread morphology. The aMO2 remained in their subset status and secreted VEGF-A165 without release of pro-inflammatory cytokines until the end of the 72 hrs cultivation time period, thereby supporting the HUVEC proliferation. These in vitro results might indicate that this MO subset can be used as cellular delivery system for pro-angiogenic and non-inflammatory mediators to support the endothelialisation of biomaterials like e.g. cPnBA.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2011-1492} (DOI). Mayer, A.; Kratz, K.; Hiebl, B.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: Support of HUVEC proliferation by pro-angiogenic intermediate CD163+ monocytes/macrophages: A co-culture experiment. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2011. vol. 49, no. 1-4, 423-430. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2011-1492}}
@misc{schlarbaum_dissolved_and_2011, 
author={Schlarbaum, T.,Daehnke, K.,Emeis, K.},
title={Dissolved and particulate reactive nitrogen in the Elbe River/NW Europe: a 2-yr N-isotope study},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3519-2011},
abstract = {Rivers collect and transport reactive nitrogen to coastal seas as nitrate, ammonium, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), or particulate nitrogen. DON is an important component of reactive nitrogen in rivers and is suspected to contribute to coastal eutrophication, but little is known about seasonality of DON loads and turnover within rivers. We measured the concentrations and the isotope ratios 15N/14N of combined DON + NH4+ (δ15DON + NH4+), nitrate (δ15N − NO3−) and particulate nitrogen (δ15PN) in the non-tidal Elbe River (SE North Sea, NW Europe) over a period of 2 yr (June 2005 to December 2007) at monthly resolution. Combined DON + NH4+ concentrations ranged from 22 to 75 μM and comprised nearly 23% of total dissolved nitrogen in the Elbe River in annual mean; PN and nitrate concentrations ranged from 11 to 127 μM, and 33 to 422 μM, respectively. Combined PN and DON + NH4+ concentrations were, to a first approximation, inversely correlated to nitrate concentrations. δ15DON + NH4+, which varied between from 0.8‰ to 11.5‰, changed in parallel to δ15PN (range 6 to 10‰), and both were anti-correlated to δ15N − NO3− (range 6 to 23‰). Seasonal patterns of DON + NH4+ concentrations and δ15DON + NH4+ diverge from those expected from biological DON + NH4+ production in the river alone and suggest that the elution of organic fertilisers significantly affects the DON + NH4+ pool in the Elbe River.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3519-2011} (DOI). Schlarbaum, T.; Daehnke, K.; Emeis, K.: Dissolved and particulate reactive nitrogen in the Elbe River/NW Europe: a 2-yr N-isotope study. Biogeosciences. 2011. vol. 8, no. 12, 3519-3530. DOI: 10.5194/bg-8-3519-2011}}
@misc{petersen_ferrybox__2011, 
author={Petersen, W.,Schroeder, F.,Bockelmann, F.-D.},
title={FerryBox - Application of continuous water quality observations along transects in the North Sea},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-011-0445-0},
abstract = {In 2002, the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany, started to use FerryBox-automated monitoring systems on Ships of Opportunity to continuously record standard oceanographic, biological and chemical in situ data in the North Sea. The present study summarises the operational experience gathered since the beginning of this deployment and reflects on the potential and limits of FerryBox systems as a monitoring tool. One part relates to the instrumental performance, constancy of shipping services, and the availability and quality of the recorded in situ data. The other considers integration of the FerryBox observations in scientific applications and routine monitoring campaigns. Examples are presented that highlight the added value of the recorded data for the study of both long- and short-term variability in water mass stability, plankton communities and surface water productivity in the North Sea. Through the assessment of technical and scientific performance, it is evident that FerryBoxes have become a valuable tool in marine research that helps to fill gaps in coastal and open ocean operational observation networks.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-011-0445-0} (DOI). Petersen, W.; Schroeder, F.; Bockelmann, F.: FerryBox - Application of continuous water quality observations along transects in the North Sea. Ocean Dynamics. 2011. vol. 61, no. 10, 1541-1554. DOI: 10.1007/s10236-011-0445-0}}
@misc{roch_reducing_the_2011, 
author={Roch, T.,Pierce, B.F.,Zaupa, A.,Jung, F.,Neffe, A.T.Lendlein, A.},
title={Reducing the Endotoxin Burden of Desaminotyrosine- and Desaminotyrosyl tyrosine-Functionalized Gelatin},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201100048},
abstract = {Biomaterial-induced autoregeneration requires materials with distinct tailored mechanical and thermal properties, water uptake and swelling properties as well as degradation behavior. Furthermore, before any biomaterial can be applied in vivo, in vitro studies should be performed that confirm the suitability for such applications. One facet in this process is the evaluation of endotoxin loads and immunogenic response to the material to avoid an unspecific activation of the immune system, which otherwise might cause fever and could lead to life–threatening pathologies. In this study, gelatins functionalized with desaminotyrosine (DAT) or desaminotyrosyl tyrosine (DATT) were investigated in terms of their endotoxin content and their potential to induce an inflammatory cytokine response in macrophages. Using the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test it could be shown that the endotoxin content was substantially reduced by using certified low endotoxin containing gelatin and performing the gelatin functionalization under cleanroom conditions. Furthermore, production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNFα) of an immune relevant macrophage cell line was significantly reduced for these materials. The survival of the macrophage cell line in the presence of DAT(T)-functionalized gelatins was not influenced by both materials. Therefore, DAT- and DATT-functionalized gelatins were shown to have passed the tests concerning immunological responses important for their applicability in vivo.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201100048} (DOI). Roch, T.; Pierce, B.; Zaupa, A.; Jung, F.; Neffe, A.: Reducing the Endotoxin Burden of Desaminotyrosine- and Desaminotyrosyl tyrosine-Functionalized Gelatin. Macromolecular Symposia. 2011. vol. 309-310, no. 1, 182-189. DOI: 10.1002/masy.201100048}}
@misc{schneider_interaction_of_2011, 
author={Schneider, T.,Kohl, B.,Sauter, T.,Becker, T.,Kratz, K.,Schossig, M.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.,Ertel, W.,Schulze-Tanzil, G.},
title={Interaction of chondrocytes with electrospun polymer scaffolds depending on the fibre orientation},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5301/IJAO.2011.8702},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5301/IJAO.2011.8702} (DOI). Schneider, T.; Kohl, B.; Sauter, T.; Becker, T.; Kratz, K.; Schossig, M.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.; Ertel, W.; Schulze-Tanzil, G.: Interaction of chondrocytes with electrospun polymer scaffolds depending on the fibre orientation. The International Journal of Artificial Organs. 2011. vol. 34, no. 8, 688. DOI: 10.5301/IJAO.2011.8702}}
@misc{schneider_viability_adhesion_2011, 
author={Schneider, T.,Kohl, B.,Sauter, T.,Becker, T.,Kratz, K.,Schossig, M.,Hiebl, B.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.,Ertel, W.,Schulze-Tanzil, G.},
title={Viability, adhesion and differentiated phenotype of articular chondrocytes on degradable polymers and electro-spun structures thereof},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201100057},
abstract = {Degradable polymers are essential to enable biomaterial-based regenerative therapies, particularly, in articular cartilage defect healing, which remains a major clinical challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two degradable polymers (as a film or scaffold) on primary articular chondrocytes vitality, adherence, differentiated phenotype and morphology. Films and electro-spun scaffolds were prepared from degradable poly(ether)ester urethane (PDC), which was synthesized via co-condensation of poly(p-dioxanone)diol and poly(ε-caprolactone)diol with an aliphatic diisocyanate and poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO). The thermal and mechanical properties and the surface roughness of the films and scaffolds were examined by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile tests and optical profilometry. Primary porcine articular chondrocytes were seeded on the polymers and analysed for viability, ultrastructure (scanning electron microscopy) and immunolabelled for type II collagen. All films and scaffolds exhibited a low endotoxin load < 0.06 EU/ml and only moderate cytotoxic effects when tested with L929 cells. The results of the seeding experiments revealed that survival and adhesion of chondrocytes depended strongly on seeding density. Vital chondrocytes could be detected on both PPDO and PDC films and scaffolds. They produced the cartilage-specific protein type II collagen indicating differentiated functions. However, they exhibited a mixed morphology on the films and a more flattened cell shape on the scaffolds. The cell/biomaterial interaction in the PPDO scaffolds or films was more intense compared to that in PDC topologies.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201100057} (DOI). Schneider, T.; Kohl, B.; Sauter, T.; Becker, T.; Kratz, K.; Schossig, M.; Hiebl, B.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.; Ertel, W.; Schulze-Tanzil, G.: Viability, adhesion and differentiated phenotype of articular chondrocytes on degradable polymers and electro-spun structures thereof. Macromolecular Symposia. 2011. vol. 309-310, no. 1, 28-39. DOI: 10.1002/masy.201100057}}
@misc{helmholz_investigation_on_2011, 
author={Helmholz, H.,Dong, Z.,Ruhnau, C.,Liu, D.},
title={Investigation on fish gill cell toxicity and haemolytic activity of Nemopilema nomurai (Scyphozoa: Rhizostoma) from the northern Yellow Sea of China},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Incidences of increasing jellyfish mass occurrences necessitate fundamental investigation on their distribution, development and impacts. The potential toxic activity of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai has been determined by means of in vitro assays using fish gill cells and erythrocytes as responsive elements. Fishing tentacle and oral arm tissues were used for venom analysis. The whole tissue was lyophilized in order to ensure an efficient handling and storage. For testing the toxic activity, the dried material was resuspended and the intact nematocysts were discharged by ultrasound. Four different types of nematocysts have been described using light microscopy by means of their length, width and length to width ratio. The fish gill cells showed a remarkable  high susceptibility to N. nomurai venom. A five times increased toxic activity has been measured compared to the boreal Scyphozoa Cyanea capillata corresponding to an EC50 value of 1.5 µg total venom protein per mL cell culture medium. The haemolytic activity of N. nomurai venom was also potentiated compared to C. capillata venom and was determined as HE50 80.2 µg mL-1.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Helmholz, H.; Dong, Z.; Ruhnau, C.; Liu, D.: Investigation on fish gill cell toxicity and haemolytic activity of Nemopilema nomurai (Scyphozoa: Rhizostoma) from the northern Yellow Sea of China. Current Topics in Toxicology. 2011. vol. 7, 79-87.}}
@misc{hiebl_cytocompatibility_testings_2010, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Luetzow, K.,Lange, M.,Jung, F.,Seifert, B.,Klein, f.,Weigel, T.,Kratz, K.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Cytocompatibility testings using cell culture modules fabricated from specific candidate biomaterials using injection molding},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.01.006},
abstract = {Most polymers used in clinical applications today are materials that have been developed originally for application areas other than biomedicine. Testing the cell- and tissue-compatibility of novel materials in vitro and in vivo is of key importance for the approval of medical devices and is regulated according to the Council Directive 93/42 of the European communities concerning medical devices. In the standardized testing methods the testing sample is placed in commercially available cell culture plates, which are often made from polystyrene. Thus not only the testing sample itself influences cell behavior but also the culture vessel material. In order to exclude this influence, a new system for cell testing will be presented allowing a more precise and systematic investigation by preparing tailored inserts which are made of the testing material. Inserts prepared from polystyrene, polycarbonate and poly(ether imide) were tested for their cytotoxity and cell adherence. Furthermore a proof of principle concerning the preparation of inserts with a membrane-like surface structure and its surface modification was established. Physicochemical investigations revealed a similar morphology and showed to be very similar to the findings to analogous preparations and modifications of flat-sheet membranes.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.01.006} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Luetzow, K.; Lange, M.; Jung, F.; Seifert, B.; Klein, f.; Weigel, T.; Kratz, K.; Lendlein, A.: Cytocompatibility testings using cell culture modules fabricated from specific candidate biomaterials using injection molding. Journal of Biotechnology. 2010. vol. 148, no. 1, 76-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.01.006}}
@misc{schlarbaum_turnover_of_2010, 
author={Schlarbaum, T.,Daehnke, K.,Emeis, K.},
title={Turnover of combined dissolved organic nitrogen and ammonium in the Elbe estuary/NW Europe: Results of nitrogen isotope investigations},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.12.007},
abstract = {Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is often the dominant form of reactive nitrogen transported from land to sea by rivers, but is considered to be largely recalcitrant and behaves conservatively in many estuaries. We measured the concentration and the isotope ratio δ15N of combined DON and ammonium (δ15DON + NH4+) in the Elbe River estuary (SE North Sea, NW Europe) by a combination of a modified persulfate digestion and the denitrifier method. Measurements were made on samples taken along the salinity gradient from 1 to 32 during different seasons, in order to gauge the effects of internal biological processes and external signatures (such as pollution). Combined DON and ammonium concentrations ranged from 20 to 60 µM, and δ15DON + NH4+ from 0 to 11‰. The results show that DON + NH4+ contributes < 20% to total reactive nitrogen in the river end member and rises to 50% in the outer estuary. By comparison with older data, the DON load in the Elbe River did not change since the 1980s, when nitrate and phosphate pollution was maximal. We find evidence that DON and/or ammonium or reactive components in DON are both consumed and produced in the estuary, indicated by changing isotope ratios and non-conservative mixing gradients. The estuarine turbidity maximum zone (TMZ) at salinities < 5, which today is a significant source of nitrate from nitrification, coincides with significantly decreased DON + NH4+ concentrations and δ15DON + NH4+ in all seasons sampled. Whether this is due to selective absorption/desorption of 15N enriched moieties onto particle surfaces, or to selective heterotrophic assimilation and nitrification is yet unclear, and the loss of DON + NH4+ does not balance the added nitrate. Because DON + NH4+ concentrations and δ15DON + NH4+ rise sharply seaward of the TMZ, we consider adsorption/desorption processes most likely. In the salinity gradient 5 to 30, DON + NH4+ behaves conservatively in both concentration and isotopic composition.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.12.007} (DOI). Schlarbaum, T.; Daehnke, K.; Emeis, K.: Turnover of combined dissolved organic nitrogen and ammonium in the Elbe estuary/NW Europe: Results of nitrogen isotope investigations. Marine Chemistry. 2010. vol. 119, no. 1-4, 91-107. DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2009.12.007}}
@misc{lassen_characterisation_of_2010, 
author={Lassen, S.,Helmholz, H.,Ruhnau, C.,Prange, A.},
title={Characterisation of neurotoxic polypeptides from Cyanea capillata medusae (Scyphozoa)},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0215-x},
abstract = {Cnidarian venoms include neurotoxins, which are able to paralyse prey organisms immediately. Important targets for neurotoxins are voltage-gated ion channels in membranes of excitable cells. By blocking specific receptor sites, neurotoxic components disturb the physiological ion channel functions. Here, we describe the isolation and characterisation of potential neurotoxic polypeptides from the crude tentacle venom of the boreal scyphomedusan Cyanea capillata. Partially purified venom fractions were obtained by size-exclusion and subsequent reversed-phase chromatography. To assess the blocking activity of the venom on voltage-gated sodium channels, we modified a mouse neuroblastoma (MNB) cell assay. Venom fractions containing channel-blocking activity were analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The resulting mass spectra revealed a cluster of singly charged peptides within a mass range from 3,900 to 7,000 Da. A group of three potentially neurotoxic peptides with molecular masses of 3983.4, 5795.4 and 6962.1 Da could be tracked throughout the purification process. This investigation of the crude venom is part of a multidimensional assay-guided approach for the isolation and structural characterisation of toxic polypeptides in northern Scyphozoa.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0215-x} (DOI). Lassen, S.; Helmholz, H.; Ruhnau, C.; Prange, A.: Characterisation of neurotoxic polypeptides from Cyanea capillata medusae (Scyphozoa). Hydrobiologia. 2010. vol. 645, no. 1, 213-221. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-010-0215-x}}
@misc{wiebring_separation_and_2010, 
author={Wiebring, A.,Helmholz, H.,Lassen, S.,Prange, A.,Jarms, G.},
title={Separation and analysis of different types of nematocysts from Cyanea capillata (L.) medusae},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0227-6},
abstract = {Medusae play an important role in marine ecosystems, as competitors of many invertebrate and fish species. Additionally, jellyfish stings can cause severe pain, inflammation of the affected skin, and allergic reactions in human. Climate and environmental changes are likely to affect the medusae, but it is not yet clear whether these will affect their distribution, physiology, and their toxicity. Very little is known about the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the proliferation and the distribution of medusan nematocysts. In this study, we compared three types of nematocysts (euryteles and A- and O-isorhizas) and venoms of Cyanea capillata medusae (Scyphozoa) obtained from the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, which have different salinity and temperature ranges. Different types of nematocysts were separated by laser microdissection and pressure catapulting (LMPC), and the proteinaceous contents of the nematocysts were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Medusae from the brackish Baltic Sea possessed more euryteles than those from the North Sea. The O-isorhizas and A-isorhizas were smaller in the Baltic Sea sample compared to the North Sea samples and the length-to-width ratios were larger in the Baltic Sea sample. Moreover, the pattern of proteins (potential toxins) obtained from the separated nematocysts showed differences among samples and nematocyst types, but no clear pattern was observable. This study displays the novel LMPC/MALDI-TOF MS approach as a useful tool to investigate the function and venom of cnidarian nematocysts types.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0227-6} (DOI). Wiebring, A.; Helmholz, H.; Lassen, S.; Prange, A.; Jarms, G.: Separation and analysis of different types of nematocysts from Cyanea capillata (L.) medusae. Hydrobiologia. 2010. vol. 645, no. 1, 203-212. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-010-0227-6}}
@misc{helmholz_gill_cell_2010, 
author={Helmholz, H.,Johnston, B.D.,Ruhnau, C.,Prange, A.},
title={Gill cell toxicity of northern boreal scyphomedusae Cyanea capillata  and Aurelia aurita measured by an in vitro cell assay},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0216-9},
abstract = {Scyphozoan medusae are very successful foragers which occasionally occur in high abundances in boreal waters and may impact many different groups in the marine ecosystem by means of a variety of toxins. A rainbow trout gill cell line, RTgill-W1, was tested for its suitability as quantitative indicator of the cytotoxicity of Cyanea capillata and Aurelia aurita; the major scyphozoan species in the North and Baltic seas. Cultures of rainbow trout gill cells were exposed to whole venoms extracted from fishing tentacles and oral arms at increasing protein concentrations. The venom caused detachment, clumping and lysis of cells, as well as a drop in vitality, in a dose-dependent manner. Morphological changes in the cells were evident within 1 h after venom addition. The damage to gill cells was quantified by measuring the metabolic activity of the cells by means of the fluorescence of resorufin derived from the nonfluorescent substrate, resazurin. In general, a decrease in the metabolic activity of the cells was detected at a venom (protein) concentration above 2.0 μg ml−1 (corresponding to 0.2 μg 104 cells−1), and a total loss of activity was observed above 40.0 μg ml−1 (corresponding to 4.0 μg 104 cells−1). C. capillata venoms had increased cytotoxic activity as compared to A. aurita venoms at the same concentration. Cnidocyst extracts from oral arms of A. aurita induced an 85% loss of gill cell viability at concentrations of 0.2 μg 104 cells−1, whereas crude venoms from fishing tentacles reduced cell viability by 18% at the same concentration. Gel electrophoresis of the venoms indicated that these consist of a large number of proteins in a fairly wide size range, from 6 to 200 kDa, including some that are the same size as those found in cubomedusae. It also appears that larger (i.e., older) medusae have more complex venoms and, in some cases, more potent venoms than smaller animals.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0216-9} (DOI). Helmholz, H.; Johnston, B.; Ruhnau, C.; Prange, A.: Gill cell toxicity of northern boreal scyphomedusae Cyanea capillata  and Aurelia aurita measured by an in vitro cell assay. Hydrobiologia. 2010. vol. 645, no. 1, 223-234. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-010-0216-9}}
@misc{wiebring_a_new_2010, 
author={Wiebring, A.,Helmholz, H.,Soetje, I.,Lassen, S.,Prange, A.,Tiemann, H.},
title={A New Method for the Separation of Different Types of Nematocysts from Scyphozoa and Investigation of Proteinaceous Toxins Utilizing Laser Catapulting and Subsequent Mass Spectrometry},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-010-9261-7},
abstract = {Jellyfish have an increasing impact on marine ecology. Cnidocysts bearing stinging cells afford, amongst others, prey capture and defence. Several different types of stinging capsules are found in one species and they are supposed to have specific functions, e.g. paralysing prey or adhering to it. Due to these assumed different roles of the capsules, it is suggested that toxins, which are contained in the capsules, differ in composition. Analysis of distinct types of nematocysts requires an appropriate method for the separation of the different types. Mixtures of types of nematocysts were obtained of two species of jellyfish, Aurelia aurita and Cyanea lamarckii, by maceration of the tissue. These mixtures were treated with a method called laser microdissection and pressure catapulting (LMPC). Optimized maceration methods, which were firstly introduced as a method for this purpose, in conjunction with optimized LMPC parameters lead to sufficient amounts of separated capsules of individual types for subsequent mass-spectrometric analyses. In case of A. aurita, the resulting mass spectra had some constituents in common, whereas in the overall pattern, the two distinct nematocyst types differed.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-010-9261-7} (DOI). Wiebring, A.; Helmholz, H.; Soetje, I.; Lassen, S.; Prange, A.; Tiemann, H.: A New Method for the Separation of Different Types of Nematocysts from Scyphozoa and Investigation of Proteinaceous Toxins Utilizing Laser Catapulting and Subsequent Mass Spectrometry. Marine Biotechnology. 2010. vol. 12, no. 3, 308-317. DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9261-7}}
@misc{seifert_interaction_of_2010, 
author={Seifert, B.,Hiebl, B.,Jung, F.},
title={Interaction of platelets with body foreign surfaces},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Medical devices in contact with blood have to be haemocompatible. In vivo haemocompatibility is mediated by the glycocalix ofthe endothelial cells lining the wall ofthe blood vessel. 1fthis lining is injured or a foreign surface is implanted the blood contacts the sub-endotheliallayers ofthe vessel wall/body foreign surface and adhere there. This adhesion leads to the activation ofblood cells, mainly of platelets (thrombocytes), vasoconstriction and the release oftissue fuctor. This release triggers the activation ofplasmatic coagulation. The main role in these processes plays the activation ofplatelets. Methods for evaluation and prevention of activation of platelets on foreign body surfaces are presented.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Seifert, B.; Hiebl, B.; Jung, F.: Interaction of platelets with body foreign surfaces. Series on BIOMECHANICS. 2010. vol. 25, no. 1-2, 140-146.}}
@misc{helmholz_selective_toxinlipid_2010, 
author={Helmholz, H.},
title={Selective toxin–lipid membrane interactions of natural, haemolytic Scyphozoan toxins analyzed by surface plasmon resonance},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.06.014},
abstract = {A comparison of the molecular interaction of natural Scyphozoan lysins with their bioactivity in a haemolytic assay was performed by establishing an efficient, automatable and reproducible procedure for the measurement of protein-membrane interactions. The toxin–membrane interactions were analyzed utilising a chip-based technology with immobilized liposomes as artificial cell membranes. The technique was established with streptolysin O as a cholesterol-selective model toxin and its cholesterol-selectivity has been proven. The haemolytic potency of protein fractions derived from the venom of the jellyfish Aurelia aurita and Cyanea capillata  was tested and EC50 values of 35.3 μg/mL and 43.1 μg/mL against sheep and 13.5 μg/mL and 8.8 μg/mL against rabbit erythrocytes were measured. Cell membrane binding as a first step in the haemolytic process was analyzed using the Biacore® technology. Major cell membrane lipids (cholesterol, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine) were immobilized as pure liposomes and in binary mixtures. A preference for cholesterol and sphingomyelin of both jellyfish species was demonstrated. The specificity of the method was proven with a non-haemolytic A. aurita protein fraction that did not express a lipid binding. Additionally, an inactivated C. capillata  lysine with negligible haemolytic activity showed a remaining but reduced adsorption onto lipid layers. The binding level of the lytic venom fraction of these dominant boreal jellyfish species increased as a function of protein concentration. The binding strength was expressed in RU50 values ranging from 12.4 μg/mL to 35.4 μg/mL, which were in the same order of magnitude as the EC50 values in the haemolytic assay.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.06.014} (DOI). Helmholz, H.: Selective toxin–lipid membrane interactions of natural, haemolytic Scyphozoan toxins analyzed by surface plasmon resonance. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Biomembranes. 2010. vol. 1798, no. 10, 1944-1952. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.06.014}}
@misc{cui_meltprocessable_hydrophobic_2010, 
author={Cui, J.,Trescher, K.,Kratz, K.,Jung, F.,Hiebl, B.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Melt-processable hydrophobic acrylonitrile-based copolymer systems with adjustable elastic properties designed for biomedical applications},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1322},
abstract = {Acrylonitrile-based polymer systems (PAN) are comprehensively explored as versatile biomaterials having various potential biomedical applications, such as membranes for extra corporal devices or matrixes for guided skin reconstruction. The surface properties (e.g. hydrophilicity or charges) of such materials can be tailored over a wide range by variation of molecular parameters such as different co-monomers or their sequence structure. Some of these materials show interesting biofunctionalities such as capability for selective cell cultivation. So far, the majority of AN-based copolymers, which were investigated in physiological environments, were processed from the solution (e.g. membranes), as these materials are thermo-sensitive and might degrade when heated. In this work we aimed at the synthesis of hydrophobic, melt-processable AN-based copolymers with adjustable elastic properties for preparation of model scaffolds with controlled pore geometry and size. For this purpose a series of copolymers from acrylonitrile and n-butyl acrylate (nBA) was synthesized via free radical copolymerisation technique. The content of nBA in the copolymer varied from 45 wt% to 70 wt%, which was confirmed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the P(AN-co-nBA) copolymers determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) decreased from 58°C to 20°C with increasing nBA-content, which was in excellent agreement with the prediction of the Gordon-Taylor equation based on the Tgs of the homopolymers. The Young’s modulus obtained in tensile tests was found to decrease significantly with rising nBA-content from 1062 MPa to 1.2 MPa. All copolymers could be successfully processed from the melt with processing temperatures ranging from 50°C to 170°C, whereby thermally induced decomposition was only observed at temperatures higher than 320°C in thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, the melt processed P(AN-co-nBA) biomaterials were sterilized with ethylene oxide and tested for cytotoxicity in direct contact tests with L929 cells according to the EN DIN ISO standard 10993-5. All tested samples exhibited non-toxic effects on the functional integrity of the cell membrane and the mitochondrial activity. However, the morphology of the cells on the samples was different from that observed on polystyrene as control, indicating slightly cytotoxic effects according to the evaluation guide of the US Pharmacopeial Convention. Thus, the melt-processable, hydrophobic P(AN-co-nBA) copolymers with adjustable mechanical properties are promising candidates for in vitro investigations of tissue growth kinetics.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1322} (DOI). Cui, J.; Trescher, K.; Kratz, K.; Jung, F.; Hiebl, B.; Lendlein, A.: Melt-processable hydrophobic acrylonitrile-based copolymer systems with adjustable elastic properties designed for biomedical applications. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2010. vol. 45, no. 2-4, 401-411. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2010-1322}}
@misc{grebe_metallomics_approach_2010, 
author={Grebe, M.,Proefrock, D.,Kakuschke, A.,Broekaert, J.A.C.,Prange, A.},
title={Metallomics approach for the identification of the iron transport protein transferrin in the blood of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina)},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/C0MT00009D},
abstract = {The health status of marine mammals such as harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) represents an indirect but powerful way for the assessment of environmental changes. The present work illustrates the first investigation and characterisation of Tf isolated from blood samples of North Sea harbour seals with a view to using changes in Tf isoform patterns as an additional parameter in extended studies of their health status. Therefore, an HPLC-ICP-MS approach has been developed which allows the highly resolved separation and fractionation of up to eight different Tf isoforms, as well as their sensitive and specific detection on the basis of their characteristic iron content. Molecule-specific detection techniques such as nanoLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS or MALDI-TOF-MS were used as complementary techniques to unambiguously identify the isolated proteins as Tf via cross species protein identification and to further characterise the molecular weight as well as the sialic acid content, which is responsible for the elution behaviour of the different isoforms during their ion exchange separation. A molecular mass above 80 kDa has been measured for the different seal Tf isoforms, which is in good agreement with the known molecular mass in other mammalian species, while the estimated pI of the different isoforms indicates some differences in comparison to other species. A number of homologies to known Tf sequences have been observed, which finally allows the cross species protein identification. The combined metallomics orientated analytical approach, which includes the complementary application of element and molecule-specific detection techniques, opens up interesting possibilities for the fast and targeted isolation and identification of a diagnostically relevant metal containing protein from an un-sequenced mammalian species prior to its utilisation in extended studies.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/C0MT00009D} (DOI). Grebe, M.; Proefrock, D.; Kakuschke, A.; Broekaert, J.; Prange, A.: Metallomics approach for the identification of the iron transport protein transferrin in the blood of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). Metallomics. 2010. vol. 2, no. 10, 683-693. DOI: 10.1039/C0MT00009D}}
@misc{leithaeuser_rheological_and_2010, 
author={Leithaeuser, B.,Jung, F.,Park, J.-W.},
title={Rheological and hemostasiological aspects of thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage in atrial fibrillation? A new strategy for prevention of cardioembolic stroke},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1314},
abstract = {Atrial fibrillation (AF), as the most common cardiac rhythm disturbance, gains in importance not only for the persons affected, but also for health care and social economy due to thromboembolic events, of which stroke is the most serious, disabling, and life threatening one. Cardiac embolism is due to thrombus formation mainly in the left atrial appendage (LAA). The pathophysiology leading to increased thrombogenicity is complex and requires a remodelling of the LAA structure, decreased LAA blood flow, activation of inflammatory processes, deviations of the hemostatic/fibrinolytic system, and activation/dysfunction of endothelial/endocardial cells. Altogether, a prothrombotic state proposed by Virchow more than 150 years ago. The presence of a LAA thrombus, therefore, is a result of a dynamic process of clot formation and lysis. A comprehensive understanding of this pathophysiology is helpful to optimize the management of patients at high risk of cardioembolic stroke. Especially those with contraindications for oral anticoagulation are in a need of an alternative approach that is not associated with a long-term risk of hemorrhage and other attendant circumstances. The reasonable alternative may be the exclusion of the LAA cavity from circulation by either surgical or percutaneous catheter-based procedures.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1314} (DOI). Leithaeuser, B.; Jung, F.; Park, J.: Rheological and hemostasiological aspects of thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage in atrial fibrillation? A new strategy for prevention of cardioembolic stroke. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2010. vol. 45, no. 2-4, 311-323. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2010-1314}}
@misc{jung_from_hemorheology_2010, 
author={Jung, F.},
title={From hemorheology to microcirculation and regenerative medicine: Fahraeus Lecture 2009},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1312},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1312} (DOI). Jung, F.: From hemorheology to microcirculation and regenerative medicine: Fahraeus Lecture 2009. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2010. vol. 45, no. 2-4, 79-99. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2010-1312}}
@misc{franke_reduced_diagnostic_2010, 
author={Franke, R.-P.,Fuhrmann, R.,Mrowietz, C.,Rickert, D.,Hiebl, B.,Jung, F.},
title={Reduced diagnostic value of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the presence of radiographic contrast media},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org10.3233/CH-2010-1290},
abstract = {Isoforms of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were found in almost all cells of the organism and an elevated activity of LDH in the circulation is thought to be a clear indicator of elevated cell destruction coinciding with an increased release of components from the cellular cytoplasm, e.g. LDH. Here, we report on an in-vitro examination to test whether radiographic contrast media (RCM) could induce cell destruction followed by an increase in LDH release. The RCM were tested in non-flow cultures of human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) of the fourth passage seeded on extracellular matrix and the results were compared to those from control cultures not exposed to contrast media. The examination revealed that the addition of contrast media to the cell culture media supplemented with pooled human serum (HSP) as source of exogenous LDH was followed by a strong decrease in LDH activity both in the absence and presence of HUVEC. Within 1.5 min after the addition of contrast media to the culture medium supplemented with HSP (30% vol of the culture medium were replaced by either of two contrast media, Iodixanol or Iopromide) the LDH activity decreased about 80% compared to the initial values. In contrast, the LDH activity did not change in cell culture media not supplemented with RCM. The partial replacement of HSP supplemented cell culture medium by RCM will cause a dilution of cell culture medium constituents. The decrease of LDH activity, however, was much stronger than the decrease thought to be attributable to the effects of dilution of cell culture medium, so that the role of dilution seems to be a minor one in this case. It has to be assumed that the RCM could interact with the LDH available in the culture medium as well as with the substrates delivered with the measurement system for the assessment of LDH activity, so that both, the amount of LDH and the activities of enzymes involved might be influenced. In the presence of HUVEC a similar effect was observed. Here, a little less strong decrease of LDH activity occurred compared to the decrease in cell culture medium without HUVEC. This was unexpected because a considerable amount of HUVEC were detached after the addition of contrast media and many of these cells were damaged seriously so that a significant amount of endogenous LDH should have been released. These unexpected results make it necessary to re-evaluate those past time examinations focussed on cell damage/destruction in the presence of contrast media, where the measurement of LDH activity was used as indicator or cell vitality and where cell decease rates were correlated to questionable toxic influences. According to the results of the examination reported here it is difficult to uphold the interpretation of recently published findings that contrast media almost exclusively induce cellular apoptosis and not necrosis.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org10.3233/CH-2010-1290} (DOI). Franke, R.; Fuhrmann, R.; Mrowietz, C.; Rickert, D.; Hiebl, B.; Jung, F.: Reduced diagnostic value of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the presence of radiographic contrast media. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2010. vol. 45, no. 2-4, 123-130. DOI: http://dx.doi.org10.3233/CH-2010-1290}}
@misc{jung_degradable_multifunctional_2010, 
author={Jung, F.,Wischke, C.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Degradable, Multifunctional Cardiovascular Implants: Challenges and Hurdles},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Polymer-coated and polymer-based cardiovascular implants are essential constituents of modern medicine and will proceed to gain importance with the demographic changes toward a society of increasing age-related morbidity. Based on the experiences with implants such as coronary or peripheral stents, which are presently widely used in clinical medicine, several properties of the next generation of cardiovascular implants have been envisioned that could be fulfilled by multifunctional polymers. The challenge is to combine tailored mechanical properties and rapid endothelialization with controlled drug release in order to modulate environmental cells and tissue. Additionally, degradability and sensitivity to external stimuli are useful in several applications. A critical function in terms of clinical complications is the hemocompatibility. The design of devices with improved hemocompatibility requires advanced in vitro test setups as discussed in depth in this article. Finally, degradable, multifunctional shape-memory polymers are introduced as a promising family of functional polymers that fulfill several requirements of modern implants and are of high relevance for cardiovascular application (e.g., stent technology). Such multifunctional polymers are a technology platform for future cardiovascular implants enabling induced autoregeneration in regenerative therapies.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Jung, F.; Wischke, C.; Lendlein, A.: Degradable, Multifunctional Cardiovascular Implants: Challenges and Hurdles. MRS Bulletin. 2010. vol. 35, no. 8, 607-613.}}
@misc{hiebl_in_vitro_2010, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Jung, F.,Schossig, M.,Scharnagl, N.,Richau, K.,Niehues, S.},
title={In vitro evaluation of a nitinol based vein cuff for external valvuloplasty},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1313},
abstract = {This study shows first in vitro tests of a nitinol based vein cuff developed for external valvuloplasty. In contrary to currently existing vein cuffs the tested model enables minimal invasive implantation and also maintains its round pre-shaped profile at body temperature (37°C). The examination of the cuff surface structure by scanning electron microscopy, profilometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy after sterilization with ethylene oxide and before cyto-compatibility testing revealed a nearly smooth surface (mean square roughness Rq 66 ± 33 nm) which was primarily composed of nickel, oxygen, titanium, carbon and silicon where nickel was the least fraction (Ni: 0.7%, Ti: 1.7%, Si: 15.8%, O: 29.5%, C: 52.3%) of the surface elements. Si and C are supposed to be contaminations caused by a final cuff polishing with silicon carbide at the end of the manufacturing process. To evaluate cyto-compatibility initial cell adherence and cell activity were assessed. The results showed good initial cell adherence of L929 fibroblast-like cells on the cuff surface already after 24 h. The results also revealed no inhibitory effects on the activity of these cells (MTS test) later on. The test setup developed to analyse functionality in a dynamic mode was shown to be suited at blood pressures up to 300 mmHg. The cuff successfully limited dilation of varicose veins (Vena saphena magna) at physiological blood pressures (< 120 mmHg) and also in cases of hypertonia (300 mmHg) to the diameter determined by the cuff (4.0 mm) over thecomplete testing period. This indicates that the clasp based cuff closure mechanism is suited to close the cuff under variable physiological and pathological blood pressure conditions. The cuff structure only allowed minimal adaptation on the inhomogenously dilating vein profile in the both peripheral cuff modules. Both peripheral modules followed the vessel dilation in correlation to the applied pressure. At pressures within the physiological range ≤ 120 mmHg) the variation of the lateral arch module diameter was only marginal, whereas at 300 mmHg pressure the peripheral modules followed vein dilation up to a diameter of 5.0 to 5.5 mm. The cuff also maintained the pre-shaped round profile in the central and peripheral modules during the pressure increase and the consecutive cuff expansion. The study showed that the first nitinol based vein cuff for external valvuloplasty was processed well enough by electropolishing and sterilization to allow culturing of L929 fibroblast-like cells on the cuff surface as a test of general biocompatibility. The cuff also proved to limit dilation of varicose veins at physiological and pathological blood pressures in vitro. Further tests with primary cells from the venous wall will follow to test the specific biocompatibility before tests in vivo can be envisaged.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1313} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Jung, F.; Schossig, M.; Scharnagl, N.; Richau, K.; Niehues, S.: In vitro evaluation of a nitinol based vein cuff for external valvuloplasty. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2010. vol. 45, no. 2-4, 347-358. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2010-1313}}
@misc{hiebl_degradation_of_2010, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Fuhrmann, R.,Jung, F.,Kratz, K.,Lendlein, A.,Franke, R.-P.},
title={Degradation of and angiogenesis around multiblock copolymers containing poly(Rho-dioxanone)- and poly(Epsilon-caprolactone)-segments subcutaneously implanted in the rat neck},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1289},
abstract = {The degradation behavior and the effect on angiogenesis of multiblock copolymers based on poly(p-dioxanone)- and poly(ε-caprolactone)-segments (PDC) were studied in vivo. PDC is a multifunctional biomaterial combining degradability and shape-memory capabilities. The “in vivo” degradation of PDC is characterized by a fragmentation occurring at the material tissue interface. This observation is consistent with the enzyme supported degradation behaviour, which was determined “in vitro”. PDC revealed to induce the formation of blood micro-vessels nearby in the periimplantary tissues. Both might explain the good PDC integration into tissues in terms of a strong connection between the implant and the periimplantary tissue. Micro blood-vessels might be involved in the clearance of the small particles, which appear in the periimplantary tissue when PDC degrades.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1289} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Fuhrmann, R.; Jung, F.; Kratz, K.; Lendlein, A.; Franke, R.: Degradation of and angiogenesis around multiblock copolymers containing poly(Rho-dioxanone)- and poly(Epsilon-caprolactone)-segments subcutaneously implanted in the rat neck. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2010. vol. 45, no. 2-4, 117-122. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2010-1289}}
@misc{hiebl_critical_hematocrit_2010, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Mrowietz, C.,Ploetze, K.,Matschke, K.,Jung, F.},
title={Critical hematocrit and oxygen partial pressure in the beating heart of pigs},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2010.06.002},
abstract = {In cardiac surgery the substitution of lost blood volume by plasma substitutes is a common therapeutical approach. None of the currently available blood substitutes has a sufficient oxygen transport capacity. This can limit the functional integrity of the myocardium known as highly oxygen consumptive. The study was aimed to get information about the minimal hematocrit, also known as critical hematocrit (cHct), which guarantees a stable and adequate oxygen partial pressure in the myocardium (pO2). In adult female pigs (n = 7) the hematocrit was reduced by isovolemic blood dilution with an intravenous infusion of isotonic 4% gelatine polysuccinate solution, The substituted blood volume ranged between 3000 ml and 7780 ml (mean: 5254 ± 1672 ml). In all animals the pO2 of the myocardium of the beating heart and of the resting skeletal muscle increased until blood dilution resulted in a Hct decrease down to 15%. Further blood dilution resulted in a decrease of the pO2. Only after the Hct was < 10% the pO2 was lower than before blood dilution and accompanied by a lethal ischemia of the myocardium. These data indicate a cHct of about 10% in the pig animal model.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2010.06.002} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Mrowietz, C.; Ploetze, K.; Matschke, K.; Jung, F.: Critical hematocrit and oxygen partial pressure in the beating heart of pigs. Microvascular Research. 2010. vol. 80, no. 3, 389-393. DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2010.06.002}}
@misc{hiebl_influence_of_2010, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Bog, S.,Mrowietz, C.,Juenger, M.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.,Franke, R.P.},
title={Influence of VEGF stimulated human macrophages on the proliferation of dermal microvascular endothelial cells: Coculture experiments},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1347},
abstract = {Monocytes/macrophages are known to exhibit pro-angiogenic activities after VEGF stimulation. Recently, it was shown that VEGF stimulated macrophages can support growth of microvascular endothelial cells from the lung when both cell types were cocultured using a cell ratio of 1:1. However, endothelial cells can have different phenotypic characteristics and metabolism depending on the originating vascular bed and tissues, and only few data have been published regarding the regiospecific sensitivity of microvascular endothelial cells for angiogenic stimuli. Reports about differences in the microvascular bed of the lung and the skin motivated to investigate angiogenic effects of VEGF stimulated macrophages (mΦa) on the doubling time and the cell growth behaviour of skin derived microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC/S). During the study period of 60 days, mΦa supported growth and proliferation of the HMVEC/S, when mΦa and HMVEC/S were cocultured at a ratio of 0.5:1. However, these effects were not seen in a 1:1 coculture. This result indicates that there is a positive correlation between the pro-angiogenic effects of mΦa and the number of endothelial cells in the direct neighbourhood of the mΦa and also suggests a different sensitivity of microvascular endothelial cells to angiogenic stimuli depending on the tissue from which they were isolated.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1347} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Bog, S.; Mrowietz, C.; Juenger, M.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.; Franke, R.: Influence of VEGF stimulated human macrophages on the proliferation of dermal microvascular endothelial cells: Coculture experiments. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2010. vol. 46, no. 2-3, 211-216. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2010-1347}}
@misc{franke_embedding_of_2010, 
author={Franke, R.P.,Minkow, A.,Hiebl, B.,Fuhrmann, R.,Mrowietz, C.,Jung, F.},
title={Embedding of radiographic media molecules in the membrane of erythrocytes},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1349},
abstract = {The incubation of erythrocytes (RBC) or endothelial cells (HUVEC) in radiographic contrast media (RCM) could induce morphological alterations of or at the cell membranes, e.g. the generation of echinocytes or the formation of stress fibres coinciding with a massive buckling of HUVEC into the vascular lumen, as was demonstrated in several examinations in the recent years. The apposition or embedding of RCM at or in the cell membranes was discussed as possible causative mechanisms because the embedding of molecules into the internal leaflet of the cell membrane bilayer is expected to bulge the cell membrane to the outside, thus inducing e.g. the generation of echinocytes. The examination presented here is based therefore on high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses if iodine as marker element of RCM molecules can be found near the inside of or in RBC membranes (co-localisation study). Morphological analyses exploited secondary electron images (SE) while the analysis of elements exploited either back scattered electrons (BSE) or energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) or the areal display of elements in high lateral resolution in the Bit-map modus. Even at the highest convenient magnification (1:40,000) it was impossible to detect RBC membrane associated iodine (I) after RBC incubation in RCM (Iodixanol, Iopromide) in vitro. Neither in the birds view on the samples nor looking from the side on the freeze fractured samples carrying the RBC was it possible to detect either the signal cohorts typical of I in the sum spectra or the main Lα1-peak in trace analysis.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1349} (DOI). Franke, R.; Minkow, A.; Hiebl, B.; Fuhrmann, R.; Mrowietz, C.; Jung, F.: Embedding of radiographic media molecules in the membrane of erythrocytes. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2010. vol. 46, no. 2-3, 225-232. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2010-1349}}
@misc{hiebl_in_vivo_2010, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Mrowietz, C.,Goers, J.,Bahramsoltani, M.,Plendl, J.,Kratz, K.,Lendlein, A.,Jung, F.},
title={In vivo evaluation of the angiogenic effects of the multiblock copolymer PDC using the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane test},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1350},
abstract = {Multiblock copolymers with shape-memory capability attracted tremendous interest as promising candidate materials for smart, degradable implants. In the present study the hen's egg-chorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM test) was used to investigate the angiogenic properties of a thermoplastic, biodegradable multiblock copolymer PDC composed of poly(p-dioxanone) hard segments (PPDO) and crystallizable poly(ε-caprolactone) switching segments (PCL), whereby PPDO and PCL homopolymers were investigated as controls. According to our HET-CAM test data, only PDC induced significant microvessel attraction and formation in the contact area of the test specimen after 48hours of incubation showing newly formed blood vessels along the outer edge of the material. In contrast, no newly formed blood vessels were observed around the PPDO or PCL specimen after the same incubation period. These in vivo results indicate that the multiblock copolymer PDC possibly possesses an angiogenic effect and it can induce blood vessel formation in its direct vicinity when it is implanted in vivo.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1350} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Mrowietz, C.; Goers, J.; Bahramsoltani, M.; Plendl, J.; Kratz, K.; Lendlein, A.; Jung, F.: In vivo evaluation of the angiogenic effects of the multiblock copolymer PDC using the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane test. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2010. vol. 46, no. 2-3, 233-238. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2010-1350}}
@misc{mayer_cd14_cd163_2010, 
author={Mayer, A.,Lee, S.,Jung, F.,Gruetz, G.,Lendlein, A.,Hiebl, B.},
title={CD14+ CD163+ IL-10+ monocytes/macrophages: Pro-angiogenic and non pro-inflammatory isolation, enrichment and long-term secretion profile},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1348},
abstract = {The establishment of a stable endothelial layer on a biomaterial suture is a well known strategy to achieve hemocompatibility. The endothelialisation is supported by factors as e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which can be secreted by monocytes/macrophages (mo/mΦ) in an angiogenic milieu. In order to avoid detrimental inflammation triggered by these mo/mΦ, we established a protocol for the generation of alternatively activated macrophages and studied their response towards VEGF-A165. We could generate sufficient amounts of these CD14+ CD163+ IL-10+ mo/mΦ from buffy coats(8.6 ± 4.7 × 105 cells/mlbuffy coat). Furthermore, we achieved a VEGF-A165 secretion in the nanogram range. The VEGF-A165 secretion increased 2.1-fold within 14 days from 7.6 ± 2.2 to 16.1 ± 2.5ng/ml when the cells were grown with a VEGF-A165 supplemented (10ng/ml) cell culture medium. Within this time period the secretion levels of other pro-angiogenic growth factors (bFGF, PDGF-BB) and immunomodulatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-12, IL-1ra, TNFα, IFNγ) reached only the picogram range. These results suggest that angiogenically stimulated CD14+ CD163+ IL-10+ mo/mΦ might be useful as a cellular cytokine delivery system supporting endothelialisation of biomaterials without inducing pro-inflammatory effects.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1348} (DOI). Mayer, A.; Lee, S.; Jung, F.; Gruetz, G.; Lendlein, A.; Hiebl, B.: CD14+ CD163+ IL-10+ monocytes/macrophages: Pro-angiogenic and non pro-inflammatory isolation, enrichment and long-term secretion profile. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2010. vol. 46, no. 2-3, 217-223. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2010-1348}}
@misc{braune_interaction_of_2010, 
author={Braune, S.,Lange, M.,Richau, K.,Luetzow, K.,Weigel, T.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.},
title={Interaction of thrombocytes with poly(ether imide): The influence of processing},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1351},
abstract = {The processing of polymers for blood contacting devices can have a major influence on surface properties. In this study, we fabricated poly(ether imide) (PEI) membranes and films to investigate the effects of the processing on physicochemical surface properties by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy, contact angle as well as zeta potential measurements. A static platelet adhesion test was performed to analyze the thrombogenicity of both devices. While contact angle measurements showed similar levels of hydrophobicity and zeta potential values were equivalent, mean surface roughness as well as surface energies in the dispersive part were found to be increased for the PEI membrane. The static platelet adhesion test showed a significantly decreased number of adherent platelets per surface area on the PEI film (178.98 ± 102.70/45000 μm2) compared to the PEI membrane (504 ± 314.27/45000μm2) and, consequently, revealed evidence for higher thrombogenicity of the PEI membrane. This study shows that processing can have a significant effect on platelet adhesion to biomaterials, even though, molar weight was identical. Thrombogenicity of polymer-based cardiovascular devices, therefore, have to be evaluated at the final product level, following the entire processing procedure.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2010-1351} (DOI). Braune, S.; Lange, M.; Richau, K.; Luetzow, K.; Weigel, T.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.: Interaction of thrombocytes with poly(ether imide): The influence of processing. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2010. vol. 46, no. 2-3, 239-250. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2010-1351}}
@misc{kakuschke_first_health_2010, 
author={Kakuschke, A.,Valentine-Thon, E.,Griesel, S.,Gandreass, J.,Perez Luzardo, O.,Dominguez Boada, L.,Zumbado Pena, M.,Almeida Gonzalez, M.,Grebe, M.,Pröfrock, D.,Erbsloeh, H.-B.,Kramer, K.,Fonfara, S.,Prange, A.},
title={First health and pollution study on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) living in the German Elbe estuary},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.011},
abstract = {The Elbe is one of the major rivers releasing pollutants into the coastal areas of the German North Sea. Its estuary represents the habitat of a small population of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Only little is known about the health status and contamination levels of these seals. Therefore, a first-ever seal catch was organized next to the islands of Neuwerk and Scharhörn in the region of the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park. The investigations included a broad set of health parameters and the analysis of metals and organic pollutants in blood samples. Compared to animals of other Wadden Sea areas, the seals showed higher γ-globulin levels, suggesting higher concentrations of pathogens in this near-urban area, elevated concentrations for several metals in particular for V, Sn, Pb, and Sr, and comparable ranges for chlorinated organic contaminants, except for elevated levels of hexachlorobenzene, which indicates characteristic inputs from the Elbe.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.011} (DOI). Kakuschke, A.; Valentine-Thon, E.; Griesel, S.; Gandreass, J.; Perez Luzardo, O.; Dominguez Boada, L.; Zumbado Pena, M.; Almeida Gonzalez, M.; Grebe, M.; Pröfrock, D.; Erbsloeh, H.; Kramer, K.; Fonfara, S.; Prange, A.: First health and pollution study on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) living in the German Elbe estuary. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2010. vol. 60, no. 11, 2079-2086. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.011}}
@misc{koetke_new_receptors_2010, 
author={Koetke, M.,Hubo, S.,Vargas, C.,Fonka, M.,Rosenfeld, H.,Niemeyer, B.},
title={New receptors for the detection of organic contaminants in sea water},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.09.126},
abstract = {Organic pollutants in surface and waste waters are a common environmental problem. It is important to selectively detect these toxic substances as either single substances or substance classes in the presence of other compounds. One example of such a widely used substance in sea water is the anticorrosive agent 1H-benzotriazole. Here we present the generation and experimental verification of a ligand molecule for 1H-benzotriazole. First, possible receptor structures were designed in form of chemical complementary structures by molecular modeling and simulation (MD) with a new model followed by chemical synthesis and screening analysis. The most promising experimental results were obtained with the receptor LC19 that showed a significant binding capacity for 1H-benzotriazole. Further investigations lead to the assumption that this receptor may be applied to generate a chemical sensitive layer for sensor-based contaminant detection of 1H-benzotriazole in sea water.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.09.126} (DOI). Koetke, M.; Hubo, S.; Vargas, C.; Fonka, M.; Rosenfeld, H.; Niemeyer, B.: New receptors for the detection of organic contaminants in sea water. Procedia Engineering. 2010. vol. 5, 375-380. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2010.09.126}}
@misc{daehnke_stable_isotope_2010, 
author={Daehnke, K.,Emeis, K.,Johannsen, A.,Nagel, B.},
title={Stable isotope composition and turnover of nitrate in the German Bight},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08558},
abstract = {The German Bight is a hot-spot of eutrophication in the North Sea due to nitrate loads discharged by several large rivers into this semi-isolated embayment. River nitrate loads have a distinctly higher 15N/14N ratio than nitrate in open North Sea waters, and to trace the sphere of river influence we analysed stable isotope signatures of water column nitrate in the area on a grid of stations in winter and early spring 2007. Overall spatial patterns of 15N/14N and 18O/16O in nitrate reflect the predominant influence of nitrate discharged by the Rhine and Elbe rivers on the German Bight nitrate pool. On a smaller scale, however, and in offshore stations, nitrate assimilation of an incipient phytoplankton bloom is indicated by parallel enrichment of 15N and 18O in nitrate. Intriguingly, the enrichment ratio of 18ONO3 to 15NNO3 is 1.6:1, thus differing from the ratio of 1:1 associated with uptake by marine phytoplankton. This suggests that nitrate isotopic composition is not solely affected by phytoplankton assimilation, but that a substantial portion of nitrate in the outer regions of the German Bight is derived from nitrification, despite low ambient temperatures. Moreover, the data identify remineralisation and nitrification of particulate N in sediments as important sources of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to the German Bight water column, and underscore the role of sediments in recharging water column nutrient inventories.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08558} (DOI). Daehnke, K.; Emeis, K.; Johannsen, A.; Nagel, B.: Stable isotope composition and turnover of nitrate in the German Bight. Marine Ecology - Progress Series. 2010. vol. 408, 7-18. DOI: 10.3354/meps08558}}
@misc{hiebl_changes_in_2010, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Kratz, K.,Fuhrmann, R.,Jung, F.,Lendlein, A.,Franke, R.-P.},
title={Changes in the subcutaneous tissue and the chorioallantois membrane of eggs caused by poly(p-dioxanone)- and poly(ε- caprolactone) multiblock copolymers},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Kratz, K.; Fuhrmann, R.; Jung, F.; Lendlein, A.; Franke, R.: Changes in the subcutaneous tissue and the chorioallantois membrane of eggs caused by poly(p-dioxanone)- and poly(ε- caprolactone) multiblock copolymers. Series on BIOMECHANICS. 2010. vol. 25, no. 3-4, 61-65.}}
@misc{proefrock_hyphenation_of_2010, 
author={Proefrock, D.},
title={Hyphenation of capillary-LC with ICP-MS and parallel on-line micro fraction collection for MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis—complementary tools for protein phosphorylation analysis},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/b921145d},
abstract = {A new instrumental setup allowing the ‘‘quasi’’ on-line hyphenation of capillary liquid chromatography,with elemental mass spectrometry e.g. inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and,parallel micro fraction collection for the complementary application of matrix assisted laser desorption/,ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS) has been developed. This,approach allows the screening of peptide samples for functionalities such as phosphorylation sites,associated with an ICP-MS detectable element e.g. phosphorus and their quantification before a further,targeted characterization using MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS. The setup facilitates highly repeatable,separations with retention time and peak area RSDs below 0.3% and 5% respectively, which are,important for the reliable matching of the phosphorus specific ICP-MS data and the corresponding,spot position on the MALDI target. The obtained quantitative data (104  3 pmol for the mono,phosphorylated and 101  2 pmol for the tetra phosphorylated peptide), were in good agreement with,the theoretical value of 98 pmol, calculated on the basis of the digested protein amount. The described,approach has the potential to overcome some of the limitations (non-detectability of certain low,abundant peptides, ionization suppression effects, co-eluting sample constituents, limitations in terms of data acquisition rates) related with the analysis of samples such as tryptic protein digests, which have,been directly spotted on a MALDI target or which have been analysed via the frequently used on-line,hyphenation of capillary or nano-LC to electrospray ionization based MS approaches (ESI-MS).},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1039/b921145d} (DOI). Proefrock, D.: Hyphenation of capillary-LC with ICP-MS and parallel on-line micro fraction collection for MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis—complementary tools for protein phosphorylation analysis. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 2010. vol. 25, 334-344. DOI: 10.1039/b921145d}}
@misc{bahlmann_performance_evaluation_2010, 
author={Bahlmann, E.,Bernasconi, S.M.,Bouillon, S.,Langenberg, F.,Mayr, C.,Metzke, M.,Middelburg, J.J.,Nagel, B.,Struck, U.,Voss, M.,Emeis, K.-C.},
title={Performance evaluation of nitrogen isotope ratio determination in marine and lacustrine sediments: An inter-laboratory comparison},
year={2010},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.05.008},
abstract = {Nitrogen isotopes of organic matter are increasingly studied in marine biogeochemistry and geology, plant and animal ecology, and paleoceanography. Here, we present results of an inter-laboratory test on determination of nitrogen isotope ratios in marine and lacustrine sediments. Six different samples covering a wide range of total nitrogen content and δ15N values were analyzed by eight different laboratories using their routine procedures. The laboratories were asked to measure three batches with three replicates for each sample to assess accuracy and variability within and among laboratories; this permits assessment of repeatability and reproducibility, which are essential in meta analysis of the increasing database on δ15N values in marine sediments. The grand average δ15N values for individual samples ranged from 1.65–10.90‰. One laboratory exhibited an average bias of −0.27‰ compared to the mean of all other laboratories. Apart from one sample, which showed an exceptionally high overall standard deviation (OSD) of 0.51‰, the analytical precision (1 s) averaged 0.24‰, ranging from 0.18–0.31‰ for individual samples. Out of the eight participating laboratories, two showed a significantly elevated within-laboratory standard deviation (WLSD) of 0.41‰ and 0.32‰ compared to an average WLSD of 0.15‰ for the other laboratories. The WLSD was inversely correlated with the ratio of peak height to peak width, which was taken as a simple measure of peak shape. Moreover, our data also revealed an inverse correlation between total nitrogen content and measurement precision. These correlations may provide guidance for improving the measurement precision of individual laboratories. Based on the results of this round robin test, we have estimated the expanded measurement uncertainty on the 2σ level to 0.45‰ for sediment samples with a nitrogen content >0.07 wt%. Sediment samples with lower nitrogen contents cannot be measured with sufficient precision without additional precautions and care should be taken when interpreting δ15N signatures and records for sediments with nitrogen concentrations <0.07 wt%.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.05.008} (DOI). Bahlmann, E.; Bernasconi, S.; Bouillon, S.; Langenberg, F.; Mayr, C.; Metzke, M.; Middelburg, J.; Nagel, B.; Struck, U.; Voss, M.; Emeis, K.: Performance evaluation of nitrogen isotope ratio determination in marine and lacustrine sediments: An inter-laboratory comparison. Organic Geochemistry. 2010. vol. 41, no. 1, 3-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.05.008}}
@misc{park_postmortem_analysis_2009, 
author={Park, J.-W.,Gerk, U.,Franke, R.-P.,Jung, F.},
title={Post-Mortem Analysis of a Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Device (PLAATO TM) in a Patient with Permanent Atrial Fibrillation},
year={2009},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1159/000149574},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1159/000149574} (DOI). Park, J.; Gerk, U.; Franke, R.; Jung, F.: Post-Mortem Analysis of a Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Device (PLAATO TM) in a Patient with Permanent Atrial Fibrillation. Cardiology. 2009. vol. 112, no. 3, 205-208. DOI: 10.1159/000149574}}
@misc{chrastansky_estimation_of_2009, 
author={Chrastansky, A.,Callies, U.,Fleet, D.},
title={Estimation of the impact of prevailing weather conditions on the occurrence of oil-contaminated dead birds on the German North Sea coast},
year={2009},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.07.004},
abstract = {Chronic oil pollution by illegal oil dumping in the North Sea is difficult to quantify. Beached, oil-contaminated sea birds, however, may be used as an indirect indicator. Reconstructing the drift of oil slicks and sea bird corpses in the southern North Sea for the period 1992–2003 by means of a two-dimensional numerical transport model driven by re-analysed weather data, we show with an example of two common sea bird species that the variability observed within the number of corpses registered during beached bird surveys for the German coast primarily reflects the inter-annual variability of prevailing weather conditions. This should be taken into account when interpreting the data. We propose normalisation of beached bird survey data based on numerical drift simulations to improve the recognition of trends in the level of chronic oil pollution.,Prevailing weather conditions have a significant impact on the occurrence of beached oil-contaminated sea birds.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.07.004} (DOI). Chrastansky, A.; Callies, U.; Fleet, D.: Estimation of the impact of prevailing weather conditions on the occurrence of oil-contaminated dead birds on the German North Sea coast. Environmental Pollution. 2009. vol. 157, no. 1, 194-198. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.07.004}}
@misc{weisse_regional_meteorologicalmarine_2009, 
author={Weisse, R.,Storch, H.v.,Callies, U.,Chrastansky, A.,Feser, F.,Grabemann, I.,Guenther, H.,Pluess, A.,Stoye, T.,Tellkamp, J.,Winterfeldt, J.,Woth, K.},
title={Regional Meteorological–Marine Reanalyses and Climate Change Projections - Results for Northern Europe and Potential for Coastal and Offshore Applications},
year={2009},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1175/2008BAMS2713.1},
abstract = {Consistent metocean data sets derived from regional reanalyses and climate change projections provide a useful source of information for coastal applications, in particular for coastal defense and offshore industry.,A compilation of coastal weather analyses and climate change scenarios for the future for Northern Europe from various sources is presented. They contain no direct measurements but results from numerical models that have been driven either by observed data in order to achieve the best possible representation of observed past conditions or by climate change scenarios for the near future. A comparison with the limited number of observational data points to the good quality of the model data in terms of long-term statistics such as multi-year return values of wind speed and wave heights. These model data provide a unique combination of consistent atmospheric, oceanic, sea state and other parameters at high spatial and temporal detail, even for places and variables for which no measurements have been made. In addition, coastal scenarios for the near-future complement the numerical analyses of past conditions in a consistent way. The backbones of the data are regional wind, wave and storm surge hindcasts and scenarios mainly for the North Sea. We briefly discuss the methodology to derive these data, their quality and limitations in comparison with observations. Long-term changes in the wind, wave and storm surge climate are discussed and possible future changes are assessed. A variety of coastal and offshore applications taking advantage of the data is presented. Examples comprise applications in ship design, oil risk modeling and assessment, or the construction and operation of offshore wind farms.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1175/2008BAMS2713.1} (DOI). Weisse, R.; Storch, H.; Callies, U.; Chrastansky, A.; Feser, F.; Grabemann, I.; Guenther, H.; Pluess, A.; Stoye, T.; Tellkamp, J.; Winterfeldt, J.; Woth, K.: Regional Meteorological–Marine Reanalyses and Climate Change Projections - Results for Northern Europe and Potential for Coastal and Offshore Applications. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 2009. vol. 90, no. 6, 850-860. DOI: 10.1175/2008BAMS2713.1}}
@misc{jung_extreme_reduction_2009, 
author={Jung, F.,Franke, R.-P.},
title={Extreme reduction of the capillary lumen in segments of the venular legs of human cutaneous capillaries},
year={2009},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2009.02.010},
abstract = {While structure and function of precapillary sphincter cells were assured in skin capillaries it is unclear whether segmental reduction of capillary lumina can occur in human capillaries. It has been shown that endothelial cells are able to exert dynamical reactions. Since the first description of the vascular endothelium a great variety of findings were described concerning the active role of capillary endothelial cells in regulation of the capillary lumen applying intravital microscopy.,The intravital microscopy was performed in the framework of an observational study to document the long-term stability of capillaries in healthy subjects over many years. In the second year one of the participants showed remarkable changes in capillaries compared to recent recordings. Control recordings were performed 1, 3, 4, 5 and 20 h after the initial examination — until a complete normalization of the capillaries occurred.,This case report is documenting for the first time clearly that extreme luminal narrowing of long segments of cutaneous capillaries can also appear in humans, in this case restricted exclusively to the venular leg of the capillaries. Different from the reductions of the capillary lumen induced by electrical irritation in frogs which lasted only for seconds, the capillary lumen narrowing in this case lasted considerably longer, almost over a whole day.,It is important to note that the demonstrated findings did not occur in all capillaries and it remains unclear whether such findings are restricted to skin capillaries or might occur also in other regions of the body or even systemically. It could be demonstrated clearly, however, that segmental narrowing of capillary lumina can occur in humans possibly leading to a temporary stillstand of perfusion.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2009.02.010} (DOI). Jung, F.; Franke, R.: Extreme reduction of the capillary lumen in segments of the venular legs of human cutaneous capillaries. Microvascular Research. 2009. vol. 78, no. 2, 241-245. DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2009.02.010}}
@misc{chrastansky_modelbased_longterm_2009, 
author={Chrastansky, A.,Callies, U.},
title={Model-based long-term reconstruction of weather-driven variations in chronic oil pollution along the German North Sea coast},
year={2009},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.03.009},
abstract = {Lagrangian passive tracer transport simulations covering the 46-year period 1958–2003 were utilized to compare the exposures of different parts of the German North Sea coast to ship-related chronic oil pollution. Assuming the spatial distribution of oil releases to be proportional to estimated ship traffic density, detailed drift reconstructions allowed for the reconstruction of wind-induced inter-annual variations in coastal pollution. For the winter months, a statistical relationship between simulated advective transports and prevailing sea surface pressure fields was established via Canonical Correlation Analysis. Wind effects were found to be more important for the northern (Schleswig-Holstein) than for the southern (Lower Saxony) part of the German North Sea coast. For Schleswig-Holstein, simulations showed consensus with beached bird survey data from this region. Proper identification of weather-driven inter-annual and spatial variations in monitoring data helps to avert misjudgments with regard to trends in the general level of chronic oil pollution.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.03.009} (DOI). Chrastansky, A.; Callies, U.: Model-based long-term reconstruction of weather-driven variations in chronic oil pollution along the German North Sea coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2009. vol. 58, no. 7, 967-975. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.03.009}}
@misc{scharfe_a_simple_2009, 
author={Scharfe, M.,Callies, U.,Bloecker, G.,Petersen, W.,Schroeder, F.},
title={A simple Lagrangian model to simulate temporal variability of algae in the Elbe River},
year={2009},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.048},
abstract = {We present a five-year (1997–2001) numerical simulation of daily mean chlorophyll a concentrations at station Geesthacht Weir on the lower Elbe River (Germany) using an extremely simple Lagrangian model driven by (a) water discharge, global radiation, water temperature, and (b) silica observations at station Schmilka in the upper reach of the Elbe River. Notwithstanding the lack of many mechanistic details, the model is able to reproduce observed chlorophyll a variability surprisingly well, including a number of sharp valleys and ascents/descents in the observed time series. The model's success is based on the assumption of three key effects: prevailing light conditions, sporadic limitation of algal growth due to lack of silica and algae loss rates that increase above an empirically specified temperature threshold of 20 °C. Trimmed-down model versions are studied to analyse the model's success in terms of these mechanisms.In each of the five years the model consistently fails, however, to properly simulate characteristic steep increases of chlorophyll a concentrations after pronounced spring minima. Curing this model deficiency by global model re-calibration was found to be impossible. However, suspension of silica consumption by algae for up to 10 days in spring is shown to serve as a successful placeholder for processes that are disregarded in the model but apparently play an important role in the distinctly marked period of model failure. For the remainder of the year the very simple model was found to be adequate.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.048} (DOI). Scharfe, M.; Callies, U.; Bloecker, G.; Petersen, W.; Schroeder, F.: A simple Lagrangian model to simulate temporal variability of algae in the Elbe River. Ecological Modelling. 2009. vol. 220, no. 18, 2173-2186. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.048}}
@misc{hiebl_intravital_microscopy_2009, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Mrowietz, C.,Braune, S.,Franke, R.-P.,Plendl, J.,Jung, F.},
title={Intravital microscopy of the capillary perfusion in the corium limbi of the third toe of the minipig},
year={2009},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2009-1232},
abstract = {Several methods are available today for the investigation of microcirculation in animal models, but they can be invasive and time-consuming depending on the area investigated. In particular, non-invasive methods that can be conducted rapidly and without dye or tracer injections are in demand.,The cutaneous microcirculation can be easily studied in the dorsal corium limbi of the third toe of the porcine forelimb using intravital microscopy – analogous to nail fold capillary microscopy in humans. The capillary microscopy system consists of a reflected-light microscope with a cold light source, green and infrared filters and a video camera. The video sequences were recorded using the image capture system Framegrabber (Imagenation PXC-200) and a PC (with an Intel Core 2 Duo processor, 1024 MB RAM, 160 GB hard disk, Windows XP Pro), and stored via a DVD recorder (Panasonic LQ-MD800).,Quantification of capillary erythrocyte flow velocities was performed using the computer-assisted image analysis system Cap Image Version 8.5 which includes a movie tool as a video sequence storage medium. The method allows estimation of capillary density and tortuosity as well as capillary circulation in the anesthetized pig within a few minutes. First measurements were made after anesthesia induction followed by further measurements during anesthesia maintenance (3 minutes each). No differences in capillary circulation were found.,The present method is thus very well suited for long-term microcirculation measurements in pigs, e.g., to evaluate therapeutic interventions in the ischemic limb model.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2009-1232} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Mrowietz, C.; Braune, S.; Franke, R.; Plendl, J.; Jung, F.: Intravital microscopy of the capillary perfusion in the corium limbi of the third toe of the minipig. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2009. vol. 43, no. 1-2, 173-179. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2009-1232}}
@misc{leithaeuser_capillary_bleeding_2009, 
author={Leithaeuser, B.,Mrowietz, C.,Hiebl, B.,Pindur, G.,Jung, F.},
title={Capillary bleeding under oral anticoagulation},
year={2009},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2009-1231},
abstract = {Background: Oral anticoagulants are routinely used for prevention of thromboembolism in cardiac, arterial or venous diseases. Hemorrhages are serious treatment complications, frequently occurring under long-term and/or high-dose regiments. From animal experiments it is known that coumarin-type anticoagulants may cause capillary dilatation and increased permeability, red blood cell extravasation and punctate bleeding. Controlled human trials are lacking.,Methods: 31 patients under oral anticoagulation were examined by video capillary microscopy. 52 patients with comparable diseases and treatment but without oral anticoagulation served as controls. Nailfold capillaries of four fingers of each hand were examined and analyzed off-line according to the following criteria: (1) numbers of capillaries investigated, (2) numbers of capillary bleedings, and (3) bleeding incidence (bleedings per 100 capillaries).,Results: In 23 out of 31 patients (74.2%) capillary bleedings were observed. The bleeding incidence ranged from 0.33 to 4.29 per 100 capillaries. In contrast, only 4 out of 52 controls were detected with capillary bleedings (2.1%, p<0.001). The bleeding incidence was 0.34–2.41. In patients on anticoagulation there was no correlation between the number of capillary bleedings and the INR or Quick values. During a two year follow-up of patients on oral anticoagulation no significant difference was found in terms of clinically obvious bleedings in patients with or without capillary bleedings.,Conclusion: This study shows that capillary bleedings can be demonstrated in patients on oral anticoagulation. Bleedings occur independent of the INR-value. Thus, other factors than the vitamin-k-dependent coagulation effect seem to be causal for the damage of microvessels. Further, the evidence of capillary bleedings is not a prognostic indicator for future hemorrhage.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2009-1231} (DOI). Leithaeuser, B.; Mrowietz, C.; Hiebl, B.; Pindur, G.; Jung, F.: Capillary bleeding under oral anticoagulation. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2009. vol. 43, no. 1-2, 167-171. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2009-1231}}
@misc{hiebl_macro_and_2009, 
author={Hiebl, B.,Mueller, C.,Jung, F.,Huenigen, H.,Hamm, B.,Plendl, J.,Niehues, S.M.},
title={Macro- and micromorphometric studies of the vascular structures from the Göttingen® minipig},
year={2009},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Porcine models have become increasingly popular in cardiovascular research, because physiological and anatomical features of the cardiovascular system from pigs including the coronary vascular system and the coronary collateral vessels are comparable to humans. The standard farm pig rapidly increases in body weight and size, potentially confounding serial measurements of cardiac function and morphology. In contrast Göttingen® minipigs have a characteristic growth curve that avoids the dramatic increase in weight in adulthood seen in farm pigs. The Göttingen® minipig is especially suitable for long-term studies because of its inherent small size and ease of handling, even at full maturity, which is reached at 2 y of age compared with 3 y for domestic pigs. However, there is still a need on detailed information about the macro- and microvascular characteristics of the vascular system from the Göttingen® minipigs.,The study was aimed to describe the macro- and microvascular characteristics of adult Göttingen® minipigs (n=18) by use of CT-imaging and histology over a time period of 4 months starting from 16 months of age up to 20 months. The animals showed no clinical symptoms of disease and were kept in-house at a light/dark rhythm of 12:12 under defined climatic conditions. The experiments were licensed by the regional authorities for health and social affairs (LaGeSo), Berlin. The study included the measurement of the length and of the luminal diameter of arteries and veins from the neck, thorax, abdomen, and limbs which are frequently used in experiments with pigs. In addition microscopical and histological parameters (luminal vessel diameter, thickness of the tunica externa, tunica media, and tunica interna) were studied on hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections of the blood vessel.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Hiebl, B.; Mueller, C.; Jung, F.; Huenigen, H.; Hamm, B.; Plendl, J.; Niehues, S.: Macro- and micromorphometric studies of the vascular structures from the Göttingen® minipig. Applied Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiology. 2009. vol. 13, no. 4, 318-321.}}
@misc{hoepken_shear_resistance_2009, 
author={Hoepken, S.,Fuhrmann, R.,Jung, F.,Franke, R.P.},
title={Shear resistance of human umbilical endothelial cells on different materials covered with or without extracellular matrix: Controlled in-vitro study},
year={2009},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2009-1230},
abstract = {A variety of medical grade polymeric materials are used in tissue engineering and biomedical technology. Dense non-porous polymeric foils were used as substrates for endothelial cell layers. Half a the test samples (polymers and control materials) were seeded with bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCEC) which more or less covered the substrates with an extracellular matrix (ECM) in the consecutive culturing period. Afterwards the ECM covered as well as the uncovered materials were seeded with human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVEC seeded samples were cultured either under static or under dynamical conditions in a cone/plate rheometer with a mean low arterial shear stress of 8.2 dyn/cm2 to simulate the flow conditions in a coronary vein graft.,With the exemption of polyvinyl chloride all other materials could be coated with ECM at least partially. Under static conditions the best results with respect to complete coverage with ECM and HUVEC were seen on polyester and polyurethane. Under shear load, however, the complete HUVEC layer together with the ECM detached from the polymer surface within a short time. ECM and HUVEC remained no longer than 43 minutes on anyone of the materials tested. The materials as supplied and tested were clearly not appropriate as implants in contact to the flowing blood.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2009-1230} (DOI). Hoepken, S.; Fuhrmann, R.; Jung, F.; Franke, R.: Shear resistance of human umbilical endothelial cells on different materials covered with or without extracellular matrix: Controlled in-vitro study. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2009. vol. 43, no. 1-2, 157-166. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2009-1230}}
@misc{franke_permeability_of_2009, 
author={Franke, R.P.,Fuhrmann, R.,Hiebl, B.,Mrowietz, C.,Jung, F.},
title={Permeability of technical and biological tissues},
year={2009},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2009-1229},
abstract = {The permeability of a material is described by the amount of substances (gases, liquids, particles) passing through pores and/or interstices of the material in a certain time. In medicine and biotechnology the permeability is given usually as the amount of water (ml × cm−2 × min−1) permeating per area and time unit through the material. Vascular prostheses are described e.g. as high porous prostheses (e.g. Dacron™: 1500–4000 (ml × cm−2 × min−1)) or as low porous prostheses (e.g. ePTFE: 200–1000 (ml × cm−2 × min−1)).,The permeability of blood capillaries is characterized by the exchange of nutrients, metabolites and breathing gases. Capillary permeability and the transport of the permeates through tissues are the key processes for the supply of organs and tissues where especially the protein transport through tissues is described by diffusive and/or convective terms.,The vascular permeability is governed by the permeability of the intimal endothelial cells. The major influence is exerted by the interendothelial binding which can change drastically in a very short time. This is demonstrated by the fast development of interstitial lung oedema in case of septical shock. The permeability is an integral indicator of tissue and organ function.,It is possible to assess the permeability of native and engineered tissues precisely with a recently developed system. First results will be shown.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2009-1229} (DOI). Franke, R.; Fuhrmann, R.; Hiebl, B.; Mrowietz, C.; Jung, F.: Permeability of technical and biological tissues. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2009. vol. 43, no. 1-2, 149-155. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2009-1229}}
@misc{park_percutaneous_left_2009, 
author={Park, J.-W.,Leithaeuser, B.,Gerk, U.,Vrsansky, M.,Jung, F.},
title={Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Transcatheter Occlusion (PLAATO) for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: 2-Year Outcome},
year={2009},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Purpose. In more than 90% of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke is due to thrombotic embolization from the left atrial appendage (LAA). Transcatheter occlusion with percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion (PLAATO), a self-expanding, membrane-covered spherical nitinol cage, is feasible and an alternative to anticoagulation therapy. Methods. This was a single-center prospective registry study for verification of stroke risk reduction in patients with AF 2 years after PLAATO. Results. Seventy-three patients with AF (permanent 65, paroxysmal 8) in whom anticoagulation therapy was contraindicated or rejected underwent transcatheter LAA occlusion with PLAATO. One patient died periprocedurally due to implant embolization, and 1 patient underwent open-heart surgery because of implant instability. The remaining 71 patients were followed for 24 months. In 52 patients a stable anchoring of the PLAATO device without migration or dislocation was documented by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). No thrombotic deposition was found on the LA luminal surface of the device. Statistically, in our patient cohort, 7 strokes would have been expected without any treatment within 24 months. In fact, no strokes were reported. Ten out of 71 patients died during follow up: 6 in our hospital and 4 at home. None of them died from a stroke. Conclusions. Ninety-seven percent of AF patients were successfully treated with PLAATO. After mechanical LAA occlusion, the 2-year risk of stroke in AF patients is markedly reduced. Therefore, this therapeutic concept is a clear alternative for patients with AF and contraindications for oral anticoagulation.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Park, J.; Leithaeuser, B.; Gerk, U.; Vrsansky, M.; Jung, F.: Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Transcatheter Occlusion (PLAATO) for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: 2-Year Outcome. The Journal of Invasive Cardiology. 2009. vol. 21, no. 9, 446-450.}}
@misc{baskurt_new_guidelines_2009, 
author={Baskurt, O.K.,Boynard, M.,Cokelet, G.C.,Connes, P.,Cooke, B.M.,Forconi, S.,Liao, F.,Hardeman, M.R.,Jung, F.,Meiselman, H.J.,Nash, G.,Nemeth, N.,Neu, B.,Sandhagen, B.,Shin, S.,Thurston, G.,Wautier, J.L.},
title={New guidelines for hemorheological laboratory techniques},
year={2009},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2009-1202},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2009-1202} (DOI). Baskurt, O.; Boynard, M.; Cokelet, G.; Connes, P.; Cooke, B.; Forconi, S.; Liao, F.; Hardeman, M.; Jung, F.; Meiselman, H.; Nash, G.; Nemeth, N.; Neu, B.; Sandhagen, B.; Shin, S.; Thurston, G.; Wautier, J.: New guidelines for hemorheological laboratory techniques. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2009. vol. 42, no. 2, 75-97. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2009-1202}}
@misc{franke_influence_of_2009, 
author={Franke, R.P.,Fuhrmann, R.,Hiebl, B.,Jung, F.},
title={Influence of radiographic contrast media on the secretion of vasoactive substances by primary human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC): Prospective, controlled, in vitro comparative study},
year={2009},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2009-1233},
abstract = {Besides the desirable effect of roentgen ray absorption radiographic contrast media (RCM) can also have varying adverse effects. Under discussion, as a possible cause, are microcirculatory disorders resulting from morphological alterations in erythrocytes and endothelial cells.,Therefore, the contrast media-induced release of vasoactive substances (prostacyclin, endothelin-1, and nitric oxide (NO)) from human endothelial cells (HUVEC) induced by two commercially available RCMs (Iodixanol 320, Iomeprol 350) was tested in a controlled in-vitro study.,The results show that RCMs lead to endothelial cell trauma in vitro, which is apparent in the release of prostacyclin and endothelin-1, while NO release was not affected. The endothelin-1 release after incubation with Iodixanol was similar to the release in the control cultures. In comparison, lower endothelin-1 levels were measured in the cultures incubated with Iomeprol at all 3 time points indicating a more significant cell trauma. Prostacyclin release – also an indicator of traumatization of endothelial cells – increased after addition of both contrast agents. The highest release was found after incubation with Iomeprol 350.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2009-1233} (DOI). Franke, R.; Fuhrmann, R.; Hiebl, B.; Jung, F.: Influence of radiographic contrast media on the secretion of vasoactive substances by primary human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC): Prospective, controlled, in vitro comparative study. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2009. vol. 43, no. 1-2, 181-187. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2009-1233}}
@misc{clevert_evaluation_of_2009, 
author={Clevert, D.-A.,Jung, E.-M.,Stock, K.F.,Weckbach, S.,Feuerbach, S.,Reiser, M.,Jung, F.},
title={Evaluation of Malignant Liver Tumors: Biphasic MS-CT versus Quantitative Contrast Harmonic Imaging Ultrasound - Biphasisches Multislice-CT im Vergleich zum quantitativen Contrast-Harmonic-Imaging bei der Beurteilung von malignen Lebertumoren},
year={2009},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1109396},
abstract = {Purpose: It was the aim of our study to establish the extent to which contrast enhancement with SonoVue® in combination with quantitative evaluation of contrast-medium dynamics facilitates the detection of malignant hepatic tumors. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients with histologically confirmed malignant or benign hepatic tumors (maximum size 5 cm) were analyzed. We used a high-end ultrasound machine (Logic 9, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA), with a multifrequency curved array transducer (2.5 - 4 MHz), Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (bolus injection 2.4 mL SonoVue®) was carried out with the intermittent breath-holding technique. Native vascularization was analyzed with power Doppler sonography. The contrast-enhanced dynamic ultrasound investigation was carried out with contrast harmonic imaging in the true detection mode during the arterial, portal venous and late phases. The mechanical index was set at 0.15. Perfusion analysis was performed by post-processing of the raw data (time intensity curve [TIC] analysis). Biphasic 16- or 64-slice multislice computed tomography served as reference method in nearly all cases. Results: One hundred patients with 59 malignant (43 colon, 5 breast, 2 endocrine metastases, 7 hepatocellular carcinomas and 2 kidney cancers) and 41 benign (12 circumscribed fatty changes, 2 abscesses, 7 focal nodular hyperplasias, 5 complicated cysts and 15 hemangiomas) tumors were included. The CT classification was true positive in 71 of 92 patients, false negative in 8 cases, and in 13 cases no final diagnosis was possible; sensitivity was 96.7 % and specificity was 71.4 % for CT. The quantitative contrast harmonic imaging ultrasound classification was true positive in 98 of 100 patients and false negative in 2 cases; the sensitivity was 98.6 % and the specificity was 96.6 %. The Fisher test showed a significant difference at p < 0.05. No investigator-dependency was noted. Conclusion: In our study contrast-enhanced ultrasound was more accurate than multislice computed tomography in the prediction of malignancy and benignity of liver tumors. -,Ziel: Wir untersuchten die klinische Bedeutung der kontrastverstärkten Sonografie mit SonoVue® in Kombination mit der Quantifizierung der Kontrastmitteldynamik zur Detektion maligner Lebertumoren. Material und Methoden: In die Studie wurden 100 Patienten mit histologisch gesicherten, malignen oder benignen Lebertumoren (maximale Größe bis 5 cm) eingeschlossen. Wir verwendeten hierfür ein High-End-Ultraschallgerät (Logic 9, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) mit einem Multihertz-Konvexschallkopf (2,5 - 4 MHz). Die kontrastverstärkte Sonografie (Bolusinjektion von 2,4 mL SonoVue®) wurde in der Technik des intermittierenden Atemanhaltens durchgeführt. Die Vaskularisation der Tumoren wurde zunächst mittels Power-Doppler beurteilt. Im Anschluss daran erfolgte dann die Kontrastmitteluntersuchung im „True Detection Mode”, dem integrierten Kontrastmittelprogramm des High-End-Ultraschallgeräts. Die dynamische Kontrastmitteluntersuchung des Patienten wurde dabei in der arteriellen Phase, der portalen Phase und der Spätphase durchgeführt. Der mechanische Index lag dabei bei 0,15. Die Analyse der Lebertumorperfusion erfolgte durch Nachverarbeitung der Rohdaten (time intensity curve [TIC] analysis). Als Referenzmethode diente eine biphasische 16- oder 64-Zeilen-CT-Untersuchung. Ergebnisse: 100 Patienten mit 59 malignen (43 Kolonkarzinom-Metastasen, 5 Mammakarzinom-Metastasen, 2 Metastasen von endokrinen Tumoren, 7 hepatozelluläre Karzinome und 2 Metastasen von Nierentumoren) und 41 benignen Lebertumoren (12 umschriebene Fettververteilungsstörungen, 2 Abszesse, 7 fokal noduläre Hyperplasien, 5 „komplizierte Zysten” und 15 Hämangiome) wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die CT-Artdiagnose „benigne - maligne” war richtig positiv bei 71 von 92 Patienten, falsch negativ bei 8 Patienten und in 13 Fällen war es nicht möglich, eine endgültige Diagnose zu stellen. Die Sensitivität der Computertomografie lag bei 96,7 %, die Spezifität betrug 71,4 %. Quantitativer, kontrastverstärkter Ultraschall lag mit seiner Klassifikation der Leberherde in benigne und maligne Läsionen bei 98 von 100 Patienten richtig, 2 Patienten wurden falsch negativ klassifiziert. Die Sensitivität der Methode lag damit bei 98,6 % die Spezifizität bei 96,6 %. Im Fischer-Test ergaben sich signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den beiden diagnostischen Modalitäten bei p < 0,05. Es wurde keine Untersucherabhängigkeit festgestellt. Schlussfolgerung: In unserer Studie war der kontrastverstärkte Ultraschall zur Vorhersage von Benignität oder Malignität bei Leberherden genauer als die Multislice-Computertomografie.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1109396} (DOI). Clevert, D.; Jung, E.; Stock, K.; Weckbach, S.; Feuerbach, S.; Reiser, M.; Jung, F.: Evaluation of Malignant Liver Tumors: Biphasic MS-CT versus Quantitative Contrast Harmonic Imaging Ultrasound - Biphasisches Multislice-CT im Vergleich zum quantitativen Contrast-Harmonic-Imaging bei der Beurteilung von malignen Lebertumoren. Zeitschrift fuer Gastroenterologie. 2009. vol. 47, no. 12, 1195-1202. DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109396}}
@misc{callies_calibration_and_2008, 
author={Callies, U.,Scharfe, M.,Ratto, M.},
title={Calibration and uncertainty analysis of a simple model of silica-limited diatom growth in the Elbe River},
year={2008},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.12.015},
abstract = {A simple Lagrangian water quality model was designed to investigate the hypothesis of sporadic silica limitations of diatom growth in the lower Elbe River in Germany. For each fluid parcel a limited reservoir of silica was specified to be consumed by diatoms. The model's simplicity notwithstanding, a set of six selected model parameters could not be fully identified from existing observations at one station. After the introduction of prior knowledge of the ranges of meaningful parameter values, calibration of the over-parameterised model manifested itself primarily in the generation of posterior parameter covariances. Estimations of the covariance matrix based on (a) second order partial derivatives of a quadratic cost function at its optimum and (b) Monte Carlo simulations exploring the whole space of parameter values gave consistent results. Diagonalisation of the covariance matrix yielded two linear parameter combinations that were most effectively controlled by data from periods with and without lack of silica, respectively. The two parameter combinations were identified as the essential inputs that govern the successful simulation of intermittently decreasing chlorophyll a concentrations in summer. A satisfactory simulation of the pronounced chlorophyll a minimum in spring, by contrast, was found to be beyond the means of the simple model.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.12.015} (DOI). Callies, U.; Scharfe, M.; Ratto, M.: Calibration and uncertainty analysis of a simple model of silica-limited diatom growth in the Elbe River. Ecological Modelling. 2008. vol. 213, no. 2, 229-244. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.12.015}}
@misc{oezbek_clinical_and_2008, 
author={Oezbek, C.,Bay, W.,Jochum, L.,Jung, F.,Bach, R.},
title={Clinical and angiographic results after implantation of a passive-coated coronary stent in patients with acute myocardial infarction},
year={2008},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Background. Key insights into the role of platelets in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and unstable angina have led to the development of the polymer-coated stent, Camouflage®. Coating of stents is an elegant method to minimize interactions between platelets and the stent surface and the vascular response following stent implantation. Methods. This single-center prospective registry was performed to estimate the in-hospital, 30-day and 180-day event rate (death, revascularization, reinfarction and pathological stress test at 180 days) in an everyday patient population with AMI with immediate percutaneous coronary intervention. There were 44 males (65.7%) and 23 females (34.3%); 53 patients (79.1%) had hypertension, 11 (16.4%) were diabetic, and 32 (47.8%) had elevated LDL cholesterol. The mean age was 60.7 ± 11.6 years. Results. Sixtyseven patients with AMI (STEMI: 56.7%, NSTEMI: 43.3%) were included. Clinical data at the 30-day and 180-day follow up were avai.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Oezbek, C.; Bay, W.; Jochum, L.; Jung, F.; Bach, R.: Clinical and angiographic results after implantation of a passive-coated coronary stent in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The Journal of Invasive Cardiology. 2008. vol. 20, no. 1, 9-13.}}
@misc{jung_the_effect_2008, 
author={Jung, F.,Mrowietz, C.,Rickert, D.,Hiebl, B.,Park, J.-W.,Franke, R.-P.},
title={The effect of radiographic contrast media on the morphology of human erythrocytes},
year={2008},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Echinocyte formation is associated with a rigidification of the cells that possibly affects capillary diffusion and, consequently, the tissue's oxygen supply. This study examines how many echinocytes appeared after the addition of various concentrations of radiographic contrast media (RCM) (Iodixanol 320, Iohexol 350, Iopromide 370, Iomeprol 350 and Iomeprol 400 mg Iodine/ml) compared to red blood cells in isotonic saline solution as well as in autologous plasma.,Isotonic saline solution, Iodixanol, Iohexol, Iomeprol 350, Iomeprol 400 and Iopromide in concentrations of 10%, 20% or 40% were added to the plasma of six healthy subjects. Subsequently, the erythrocytes were resuspended in these RCM/plasma mixtures, incubated for 5 minutes at 37°C and then examined under the microscope.,The various mixtures and concentrations of the RCM in the mixture all had a significant effect on the number of discocytes (p<0.0001). The percentage of discocytes for all concentrations significantly depended on the RCM/plasma mixture (p=0.0097).,Of all the RCM/plasma mixtures used as well as of the NaCl/plasma mixtures, the Iodixanol/plasma mixture showed the most similar discocyte fraction compared to red blood cells in the autologous plasma. At the same time, while Iodixanol in this respect differed from all other RCMs, the other RCMs only differed little from one another with respect to the discocyte fraction.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Jung, F.; Mrowietz, C.; Rickert, D.; Hiebl, B.; Park, J.; Franke, R.: The effect of radiographic contrast media on the morphology of human erythrocytes. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2008. vol. 38, no. 1, 1-11.}}
@misc{park_resting_magnetocardiography_2008, 
author={Park, J.-W.,Leithaeuser, B.,Hill, P.,Jung, F.},
title={Resting Magnetocardiography Predicts 3-Year Mortality in Patients Presenting with Acute Chest Pain without ST Segment Elevation},
year={2008},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-474X.2008.00217.x},
abstract = {Magnetocardiography (MCG) as a noninvasive, noncontact and risk-free diagnostic method predicts ischemic coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with acute chest pain at admission with high accuracy. However, it remains unclear whether MCG findings can add prognostic information.,A cohort of 402 consecutive patients presenting at the intensive care unit (ICU) with acute chest pain without ST segment elevation (NSTEMI) were included in a prospective registry. In order to prove the prognostic value of MCG a head-to-head comparison of the admission MCG, ECG, TnI, and ECHO tests was made.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-474X.2008.00217.x} (DOI). Park, J.; Leithaeuser, B.; Hill, P.; Jung, F.: Resting Magnetocardiography Predicts 3-Year Mortality in Patients Presenting with Acute Chest Pain without ST Segment Elevation. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology. 2008. vol. 13, no. 2, 171-179. DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-474X.2008.00217.x}}
@misc{park_dobutamine_stress_2008, 
author={Park, J.-W.,Leithaeuser, B.,Vrsansky, M.,Jung, F.},
title={Dobutamine stress magnetocardiography for the detection of significant coronary artery stenoses – A prospective study in comparison with simultaneous 12-lead electrocardiography},
year={2008},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2008-1064},
abstract = {Background: Exercise electrocardiography is an imperfect test for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). Magnetocardiography detects cardiac electrical disturbances associated with myocardial ischemia. We prospectively investigated the accuracy of high-dose dobutamine stress magnetocardiography (DS-MCG) and simultaneous electrocardiography (DS-ECG) for the detection of significant CAD.,Methods: 100 patients with an intermediate pre-test probability for CAD underwent DS-MCG using a multichannel magnetometer prior to invasive coronary angiography. Patients were examined at rest and during a standard dobutamine–atropine scheme. Significant reduction of epicardial current strength/density during stress, reconstructed from the magnetic field map and superposed on a virtual heart model indicates myocardial ischemia. A 12-lead DS-ECG was recorded simultaneously. Significant coronary artery stenosis was defined as ≥70% of lumen reduction.,Results: Without β-blocker all 100 patients reached the targeted heart rate. The image quality of DS-MCG and DS-ECG was sufficient for analysis in all patients. In 19 patients CAD was ruled out angiographically. Thirty two or seven patients revealed coronary artery stenoses of 30–49% or of 50–69%, respectively. In 42 patients we found significant stenoses of ≥70%. In 41 of these patients DS-MCG revealed myocardial ischemia. The sensitivity of DS-MCG and DS-ECG for the detection of significant coronary artery stenosis was 97.6% and 26.2%, the specificity of DS-MCG and DS-ECG 82.8% and 82.8%, respectively.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2008-1064} (DOI). Park, J.; Leithaeuser, B.; Vrsansky, M.; Jung, F.: Dobutamine stress magnetocardiography for the detection of significant coronary artery stenoses – A prospective study in comparison with simultaneous 12-lead electrocardiography. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2008. vol. 39, no. 1-4, 21-32. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2008-1064}}
@misc{leithaeuser_effects_of_2008, 
author={Leithaeuser, B.,Zielske, D.,Seyfert, U.T.,Jung, F.},
title={Effects of desmopressin on platelet membrane glycoproteins and platelet aggregation in volunteers on clopidogrel},
year={2008},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2008-1092},
abstract = {Purpose: The use of clopidogrel is standard in interventional cardiology. Haemorrhage occurs in some patients, which implies a need for a non-transfusional therapy. Desmopressin showed its efficacy as an antidote of acetylsalicylic acid. In this trial the effects of desmopressin on platelet glycoproteins and the platelet's ability to aggregate under the influence of clopidogrel are studied.,Methods: The trial was conducted as an open, prospective, single-centre, randomised pilot study with n=17 healthy volunteers in a parallel-group design. 1 h after an oral loading dose of 375 mg clopidogrel the effects of a single-dose of 300 μg of Octostim® nasal spray (n=9) on platelet aggregation, activity of platelets on the density of membrane-bound receptors are measured.,Results: Ristocetin cofactor and platelet reactivity rose significantly after the administration of Octostim® nasal spray with 31.9% and 5.3%, respectively (p=0.0329; p=0.0414). The ADP-induced platelet aggregation increased after the administration of Octostim® nasal spray by approximately 20% (p=0.0564). The fraction of CD62- and CD63-positive platelets did not change after clopidogrel nor after desmopressin (p=0.4203; p=0.6774). The density of GPIIb/IIIa receptors per platelet did not change after desmopressin (p=0.9652). The density of GPIb/IX receptors per platelet rose after desmopressin without reaching the level of significance (p=0.0802). In the desmopressin group alone the receptor density rose by 5.5% (p=0.0783).,Conclusion: The administration of desmopressin improved the primary haemostasis when given in addition to a clopidogrel therapy. Patients undergoing a heart catheter procedure with clopidogrel might benefit from the use of desmopressin when having a bleeding episode.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2008-1092} (DOI). Leithaeuser, B.; Zielske, D.; Seyfert, U.; Jung, F.: Effects of desmopressin on platelet membrane glycoproteins and platelet aggregation in volunteers on clopidogrel. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2008. vol. 39, no. 1-4, 293-302. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2008-1092}}
@misc{park_sublingual_application_2008, 
author={Park, J.-W.,Leithaeuser, B.,Sommer, F.,Jung, F.},
title={Sublingual application of liquid nitrendipine does not result in critical hypotension in healthy volunteers under phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition},
year={2008},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2008-1096},
abstract = {Introduction: The introduction of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors as sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil, has tremendously improved the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Patients with the common comorbidity of cardiovascular disease and erectile dysfunction, however, are at risk for critical hypotension in case of self-treatment of cardiac angina with nitrates after the intake of a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor.,Methods: We evaluated the safety of 5 mg sublingual nitrendipine after pre-treatment of 8 healthy male volunteers (42.1±9.6 yrs) with 20 mg tadalafil. Randomly four different protocols were compared using six hours blood pressure recordings: (1) baseline, (2) 20 mg tadalafil, (3) 5 mg nitrendipine, and (4) 20 mg tadalafil+5 mg nitrendipine.,Results: The blood pressure was not significantly affected by tadalafil. Nitrendipine lowered the systolic blood pressure significantly by −1.91 mmHg (p=0.0079). The co-medication of 20 mg tadalafil+5 mg nitrendipine lowered the blood pressure significantly by −2.86 mmHg (p<0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between tadalafil and nitrendipine (p=0.598). Relevant hypotension (systolic blood pressure of <85 mmHg) was observed in none of the study individuals during the four protocols.,Conclusions: Sublingual nitrendipine seems to be safe for self-treatment of an anginal attack in patients with stable coronary artery disease, who have taken a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor. However, our findings on hemodynamic changes in apparently healthy volunteers have to be confirmed in patients with coronary artery disease.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2008-1096} (DOI). Park, J.; Leithaeuser, B.; Sommer, F.; Jung, F.: Sublingual application of liquid nitrendipine does not result in critical hypotension in healthy volunteers under phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2008. vol. 39, no. 1-4, 323-328. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2008-1096}}
@misc{matschke_regulation_of_2008, 
author={Matschke, K.,Jung, F.},
title={Regulation of the myocardial microcirculation},
year={2008},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2008-1093},
abstract = {No abstract},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2008-1093} (DOI). Matschke, K.; Jung, F.: Regulation of the myocardial microcirculation. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2008. vol. 39, no. 1-4, 265-279. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2008-1093}}
@misc{leithaeuser_influence_of_2008, 
author={Leithaeuser, B.,Gerk, U.,Mrowietz, C.,Jung, F.,Park, J.-W.},
title={Influence of xantinole nicotinic acid on cutaneous microcirculation in patients with coronary artery disease and hyperlipoproteinemia},
year={2008},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2008-1091},
abstract = {Xantinole nicotinic acid (NA) dose dependently lowers plasma levels of atherogenic lipoproteins and increases blood flow through vasodilation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of NA on cutaneous microcirculation in patients with coronary artery disease and hyperlipidemia. In this open pilot study, five men and three women (74.2±9.1 yrs; 81.4±7.9 kg; 171.6±7.0 cm) with angiographically proven coronary artery disease and hyperlipidemia were included. Nailfold capillary microscopy was used for measurements of erythrocyte velocities at rest and after three minutes of ischemia, before and one hour after intake of 1000 mg of NA.,The blood pressure (120±12/73±8 mmHg vs. 113±10/72±5 mmHg; p=0.19/0.83) and the heart rate (72±8/min vs. 70±7/min; p=0.38) remained unchanged. The mean capillary red blood cell velocity at rest (vRBC; 0.27±0.23 mm/s vs. 0.32±0.18 mm/s; p=0.089) and the time to maximal post ischemia erythrocyte velocity (tpeak; 21.0±7.9 s vs. 24.3±15.5 s; p=0.49) did not change. The maximal post ischemic erythrocyte velocity (vmaxRBC; 0.93±0.33 mm/s vs. 1.19±0.19 mm/s; p=0.0096) raised slightly but significantly, the duration of post-ischemia hyperemia (DpH; 101±16 s vs. 127±15 s; p=0.0005) increased markedly. One patient reported about flush in the whole body.,The administration of 1000 mg of NA resulted in a significant improvement of the cutaneous microcirculation in patients with coronary artery disease and hyperlipidemia.,Keywords},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2008-1091} (DOI). Leithaeuser, B.; Gerk, U.; Mrowietz, C.; Jung, F.; Park, J.: Influence of xantinole nicotinic acid on cutaneous microcirculation in patients with coronary artery disease and hyperlipoproteinemia. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2008. vol. 39, no. 1-4, 287-292. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2008-1091}}
@misc{mrowietz_reversibility_of_2008, 
author={Mrowietz, C.,Hiebl, B.,Franke, R.P.,Park, J.-W.,Jung, F.},
title={Reversibility of echinocyte formation after contact of erythrocytes with various radiographic contrast media},
year={2008},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2008-1097},
abstract = {Various radiographic contrast media (RCM) significantly influence the morphology of erythrocytes, especially the formation of echinocytes [Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 35 (1975), 1–43; Microvasc. Res. 60 (2000), 193–200; Herz 23 (2003), 35–41]. Microscopic studies, however, have shown that these changes of erythrocyte morphology are possibly reversible [Acta Radiol. 37 (1996), 214–217].,The aim of this study was to proof if the RCM-induced echinocyte formation can be reversed by a resuspension in autologous plasma. In this study four RCMs were tested (Iodixanol, Iohexol, Iomeprol and Iopromide).,These RCM induced echinocyte formation (after suspension of erythrocytes in plasma/RCM mixtures for 10 min at 37°C), which was reversible after resuspension in autologous RCM-free plasma (resuspension time 5 min at 37°C). Especially for Iomeprol and Iopromide – the RCMs which induced the strongest echinocyte formation – an echinocyte reduction from 94.2% to 44.5% and for Iopromide from 80.6% to 50.4% occurred. The echinocyte formation was influenced by the type of RCM as well as by the RCM concentration. The same was true for the reversibility of echinocyte formation due to resuspension in autologous plasma (type of RCM: p≤0.0001; concentration of RCM: p=0.0847). Iodixanol was associated with the least numbers echinocytes formed (after suspension in the plasma/RCM-mixture as well as after the resuspension in autologous plasma). A 100% reversibility back to discocytes was observed in none of the RCMs after resuspension in autologous RCM-free plasma.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-2008-1097} (DOI). Mrowietz, C.; Hiebl, B.; Franke, R.; Park, J.; Jung, F.: Reversibility of echinocyte formation after contact of erythrocytes with various radiographic contrast media. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2008. vol. 39, no. 1-4, 281-286. DOI: 10.3233/CH-2008-1097}}
@misc{johannsen_isotopic_composition_2008, 
author={Johannsen, A.,Daehnke, K.,Emeis, K.},
title={Isotopic composition of nitrate in five German rivers discharging into the North Sea},
year={2008},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.03.004},
abstract = {We determined concentrations and isotopic composition of nitrate in five German rivers (Rhine, Elbe, Weser, Ems, and Eider) that discharge into the North Sea. Samples were obtained on a biweekly to monthly basis and chemical and isotopic analyses were conducted for the period January 2006 to March 2007 at sampling stations situated before estuarine mixing with North Sea water. We observed maximum nitrate loads in winter and fall, when both discharge and concentration of nitrate are highest. Mean annual isotope values in nitrate ranged from 8.2‰ to 11.3‰ for View the MathML source and 0.4‰ to 2.2‰ for View the MathML source. The ranges of isotope values suggest that nitrate in these rivers derives from soil nitrification, sewage, and/or manure. These and published data on other rivers in northern Europe and northern America reveal a correlation between agricultural land use (>60% in the catchment areas of rivers examined) and View the MathML source values. The rivers Rhine, Elbe, Weser and Ems show similar seasonal patterns of the isotopic fractionation of nitrate with increasing View the MathML source values and simultaneously decreasing View the MathML source concentrations during summer months, indicating that assimilation of nitrate is the main fractionation process of riverine nitrate. Isotopic signals in winter are more depleted than the mean summer isotope values, attributed to less microbial activity and assimilative processes. Load weighted nitrate δ15N of the riverine input to the German Bight Coastal Water mass before estuarine mixing and processing is between 8‰ and 12‰. The high δ15N value of river nitrate is matched by high δ15N of nitrate in surface sediments in the German Bight.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.03.004} (DOI). Johannsen, A.; Daehnke, K.; Emeis, K.: Isotopic composition of nitrate in five German rivers discharging into the North Sea. Organic Geochemistry. 2008. vol. 39, no. 12, 1678-1689. DOI: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.03.004}}
@misc{onken_indirect_determination_2007, 
author={Onken, R.,Callies, U.,Vaessen, B.,Riethmueller, R.},
title={Indirect determination of the heat budget of tidal flats},
year={2007},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.01.029},
abstract = {A method is presented to calculate indirectly the heat budget of a tidal flat area from downstream observations of temperature and horizontal velocity in a tidal channel. It is only necessary to establish a relationship between,the velocity and the volume flux. Then the heat budget of the upstream region is determined by integrating the heat flux over one tide. The proposed method is applied,to long-term measurements obtained in 2004 at two sites in a tidal channel in the H¨ornum Basin, German,Wadden Sea. At the site located farther downstream in the channel, the upstream catchment area is diagnosed to export heat (heat gain in the interior) from March through August, while import is diagnosed for the same period of time at the other upstream site. From September,through November the situation is reversed. An analytical estimate suggests that the sign of the budget,is controlled by the tidal prism and the length of the dry-falling period of the flats in the respective upstream region. In addition, a simple model is developed which,can be used to determine the integral bottom heat flux of the tidal flats.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.01.029} (DOI). Onken, R.; Callies, U.; Vaessen, B.; Riethmueller, R.: Indirect determination of the heat budget of tidal flats. Continental Shelf Research. 2007. vol. 27, no. 12, 1656-1676. DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2007.01.029}}
@misc{kurowicka_vines_inference_2007, 
author={Kurowicka, D.,Cooke, R.M.,Callies, U.},
title={Vines inference},
year={2007},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Vines [19, 3] are reviewed. We prove that the product of 1 minus the square of partial correlations on a vine equals the determinant of the correlation matrix. This is used in learning vines. In model learning we are interested in models incorporating maximal (conditional),independence with minimal disturbance. This leads us to search for regular vines whose associated factorization of the determinant is dominant in the sense of majorization. We compare this with the method of independence graphs [21].},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Kurowicka, D.; Cooke, R.; Callies, U.: Vines inference. Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics. 2007. vol. 21, 103-120.}}
@misc{franke_the_effect_2007, 
author={Franke, R.P.,Fuhrmann, R.,Park, J.-W.,Rickert, D.,Hiebl, B.,Jung, F.},
title={The effect of radiographic contrast media on the morphology of human venous endothelial cells},
year={2007},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Radiographic contrast media (RCM) can affect the morphology of red blood cells in very different ways but research on how they affect endothelial cell morphology is rudimentary. The effect of two conventional RCMs on human umbilical venous cells over the short term was studied in vitro under static conditions. Cell circumference length, the number of dissolved cell contacts and the number of denuded subendothelial matrix areas were interactively quantified by a computer imaging system after histochemical processing. 1.5 minutes after RCM exposure a significant effect of both RCMs on cell circumference length (CCL) compared to the control cells was evident (p=0.0001 each). The increase after iodixanol was larger than after iomeprol (p=0.0087). After five minutes of exposure, the CCL of exposed cells were significantly larger than those of control cells (p<0.0001 each). The CCL after exposure hardly differed anymore at that time (iomeprol/iodixanol: p=0.0547), though cells exposed to iomeprol tended to be bigger. After both iomeprol (p<0.0001) and iodixanol (p=0.0018), the number of dissolved cell contacts (DCC) increased compared to the control cells. The increases after either RCM were similar (p=0.9633). After five minutes of RCM exposure, the number of DCC was significantly higher than for the control cells (control/iomeprol: p<0.0001; control/iodixanol: p=0.0012). After exposure to iodixanol, significantly fewer DCC were recorded than after iomeprol (p=0.0018). At 1.5 minutes after RCM exposure, the number of denuded subendothelial matrix areas (DSMA) in the cell layer increased both after iomeprol (p<0.0002) and after iodixanol (p=0.0002) compared to the control cells. The increases with the two RCMs were similar (p=0.8618). After five minutes of exposure, the number of DSMA in the cell layer was significantly higher than for the control cells (control/iomeprol: p<0.0001; control/iodixanol: p=0.0015). However, after iodixanol significantly fewer DSMA were recorded than after iomeprol (iomeprol/iodixanol: p=0.0353). The number of dissolved cell/cell contacts and the number of denuded subendothelial matrix areas in the confluent endothelial layer were significantly greater after exposing the endothelial cells for five minutes to iomeprol than after iodixanol.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Franke, R.; Fuhrmann, R.; Park, J.; Rickert, D.; Hiebl, B.; Jung, F.: The effect of radiographic contrast media on the morphology of human venous endothelial cells. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2007. vol. 37, no. 4, 329-338.}}
@misc{jung_evaluation_of_2007, 
author={Jung, E.M.,Clevert, D.A.,Schreyer, A.G.,Schmitt, S.,Rennert, J.,Kubale, R.,Feuerbach, S.,Jung, F.},
title={Evaluation of quantitative contrast harmonic imaging to assess malignancy of liver tumors: A prospective controlled two-center study},
year={2007},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v13.i47.6356},
abstract = {To establish the extent to which contrast enhancement with SonoVue in combination with quantitative evaluation of contrast-medium dynamics facilitates the detection of hepatic tumors.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v13.i47.6356} (DOI). Jung, E.; Clevert, D.; Schreyer, A.; Schmitt, S.; Rennert, J.; Kubale, R.; Feuerbach, S.; Jung, F.: Evaluation of quantitative contrast harmonic imaging to assess malignancy of liver tumors: A prospective controlled two-center study. World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG. 2007. vol. 13, no. 47, 6356-6364. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i47.6356}}
@misc{oezbek_stoffwechseleinstellung_bei_2007, 
author={Oezbek, C.,Ahmadsey, D.,Schilling, U.,Jung, F.,Latza, R.,Bach, R.},
title={Stoffwechseleinstellung bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung und begleitenden Diabetes mellitus im Saarland},
year={2007},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {Im Jahr 2000 waren 10,9% der saarländischen Bevölkerung, entsprechend 116.489 Einwohnern, an Diabetes mellitus erkrankt. Damit ist die Diabetes-Prävalenz im Saarland im deutschen Vergleich,am höchsten [9]. Wird die von der WHO prognostizierte Zunahme des Diabetes um 44% bis zum Jahre 2030 als richtig unterstellt, wird sich diese Zahl auf 167.744 erhöhen. Die Anzahl könnte jedoch in den kommenden Jahren auch sinken, denn nach den Daten des statistischen Bundesamtes weisen mit 66,3 beziehungsweise 65,9 Gestorbenen je 100 000 Personen Thüringen und das Saarland bundesweit die höchste Sterblichkeit,an Diabetes mellitus auf. Brandenburg,und Bayern verzeichnen mit 18,3 beziehungsweise mit 18,9 Verstorbenen je 100 000 Personen die geringste Sterblichkeitsrate [13].,Führende Todesursache bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus sind kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen [1]. Trotz therapeutischer Fortschritte haben Diabetiker weiterhin deutlich höhere Ereignisraten für kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und Mortalität als Nichtdiabetiker [12]. So haben Typ 2-Diabetiker ein etwa 3-mal so großes Risiko einen Herzinfarkt zu erleiden wie Gesunde,Nicht-Diabitker [7]. Die Prognose kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse wird durch die Qualität der Diabeteseinstellung entscheidend,beeinflußt (DECODE-Studie [15]). Am höchsten gefährdet sind die Patienten, die bereits eine strukturelle Herzerkrankung,(Koronare Herzerkrankung, Myokard- Hypertrophie, Klappenveränderungen) aufweisen.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Oezbek, C.; Ahmadsey, D.; Schilling, U.; Jung, F.; Latza, R.; Bach, R.: Stoffwechseleinstellung bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung und begleitenden Diabetes mellitus im Saarland. Saarlaendisches Aerzteblatt. 2007. vol. 60, no. 12, 9-12.}}
@misc{jung_the_inflated_2007, 
author={Jung, F.,Park, J.-W.,Franke, R.-P.},
title={The inflated balloon – A possible cause of microvascular obstructions},
year={2007},
howpublished = {journal article},
abstract = {A serious complication of coronary interventions is thromboembolism which might be caused by the detachment of platelet aggregates. One possible cause are small thrombogenic particles from the inflated balloon surface. The gliding layer of a balloon catheter was analyzed by means of a back scatter electron detector in a scanning electron microscope. The average element composition of the gliding layer was assessed of a non-inflated and a inflated balloon.,It could be shown that there was a continuous layer of silicon at the surface of the non-inflated balloon. After inflation of a new balloon, however, there was only a very thin and discontinuous silicon layer showing big holes. It seems to be possible that parts of the gliding layer flaked off the balloon surface leaving only “plaques of silicon”,on the balloon surface.,Detached silicon plaques surely would be thrombogenic and have therefore the potential to obstruct small myocardial,arterioles and capillaries.},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Jung, F.; Park, J.; Franke, R.: The inflated balloon – A possible cause of microvascular obstructions. Applied Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiology. 2007. vol. 11, no. 1, 21-23.}}
@misc{pasturel_stabilized_switchable_2006, 
author={Pasturel, M.,Slaman, M.,Borsa, D.M.,Schreuders, H.,Dam, B.,Griessen, R.,Lohstroh, W.,Borgschulte, A.},
title={Stabilized switchable “black state” in Mg2NiH4 /Ti/Pd thin films for optical hydrogen sensing},
year={2006},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2221412},
abstract = {A triple layer thin film (30 nm Mg2Ni/100 nm Ti/10 nm Pd sputtered on glass) switches reversibly from a shiny metallic to a “black” state upon exposure to moderate hydrogen pressure,(=5.103 Pa). This black state resembles that obtained in thick Mg2NiHx layers and has the great,advantage of being stable and easily controlled. Both the reversible high optical contrast (Rreflective /Rblack=10 in the red wavelength range) and the fast kinetics of hydrogen absorption and desorption make this material interesting for applications as optical hydrogen sensors.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2221412} (DOI). Pasturel, M.; Slaman, M.; Borsa, D.; Schreuders, H.; Dam, B.; Griessen, R.; Lohstroh, W.; Borgschulte, A.: Stabilized switchable “black state” in Mg2NiH4 /Ti/Pd thin films for optical hydrogen sensing. Applied Physics Letters. 2006. vol. 89, 021913. DOI: 10.1063/1.2221412}}
@misc{westerwaal_optical_structural_2006, 
author={Westerwaal, R.J.,Slaman, M.,Broedersz, C.P.,Borsa, D.M.,Dam, B.,Griessen, R.,Borgschulte, A.,Lohstroh, W.,Kooi, B.,ten Brink, G.,Tschersich, K.J.,Fleischhauer, H.P.},
title={Optical, structural, and electrical properties of Mg2NiH4 thin films in situ grown by activated reactive evaporation},
year={2006},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2349473},
abstract = {Mg2NiH4 thin films have been prepared by activated reactive evaporation in a molecular beam epitaxy system equipped with an atomic hydrogen source. The optical reflection spectra and the resistivity of the films are measured in situ during deposition. In situ grown Mg2NiH4 appears to be stable in vacuum due to the fact that the dehydrogenation of the Mg2NiH4 phase is kinetically blocked. Hydrogen desorption only takes place when a Pd cap layer is added. The optical band gap of the in situ deposited Mg2NiH4 hydride, 1.75  eV, is in good agreement with that of Mg2NiH4 which has been formed ex situ by hydrogenation of metallic Pd capped Mg2Ni films. The microstructure of these in situ grown films is characterized by a homogeneous layer with very small grain sizes. This microstructure suppresses the preferred hydride nucleation at the film/substrate interface which was found in as-grown Mg2Ni thin films that are hydrogenated after deposition.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2349473} (DOI). Westerwaal, R.; Slaman, M.; Broedersz, C.; Borsa, D.; Dam, B.; Griessen, R.; Borgschulte, A.; Lohstroh, W.; Kooi, B.; ten Brink, G.; Tschersich, K.; Fleischhauer, H.: Optical, structural, and electrical properties of Mg2NiH4 thin films in situ grown by activated reactive evaporation. Journal of Applied Physics. 2006. vol. 100, 063518. DOI: 10.1063/1.2349473}}
@misc{callies_interaction_structures_2005, 
author={Callies, U.},
title={Interaction Structures Analysed from Water-Quality Data},
year={2005},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.045},
abstract = {Fortnightly observations of water quality parameters, discharge and water temperature along the River Elbe have been subjected to a multivariate data analysis. In a previous study [Petersen, W., Bertino, L., Callies, U., Zorita, E., 2001. Process identification by principal component analysis of river-quality data. Ecol. Model. 138, 193–213] applied principal component analysis (PCA) to show that 60% of variability in the data set can be explained through just two linear combinations of eight original variables. In the present paper more advanced multivariate methods are applied to the same data set, which are supposed to suit better interpretations in terms of the underlying system dynamics.,The first method, graphical modelling, represents interaction structures in terms of a set of conditional independence constraints between pairs of variables given the values of all other variables. Assuming data from a multinormal distribution conditional independence constraints are expressed by zero partial correlations. Different graphical structures with nodes for each variable and connecting edges between them can be assessed with regard to their likelihood. The second method, canonical correlation analysis (CCA), is applied for studying the correlation structures of external forcing and water quality parameters.,Results of CCA turn out to be consistent with the dominant patterns of variability obtained from PCA. The percentages of variability explained by external forcing, however, are estimated to be smaller. Fitting graphical models allows a more detailed representation of interaction structures. For instance, for given discharge and temperature correlated variations of the concentrations of oxygen and nitrate, respectively, can be modelled as being mediated by variations of pH, which is a representer for algal activity. Considerably simplified graphical models do not much affect the outcomes of both PCA and CCA, and hence it is concluded that these graphical models successfully represent the main interaction structures represented by the covariance matrix of the data. The analysed conditional independence patterns provide constraints to be satisfied by directed probabilistic networks, for instance.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.045} (DOI). Callies, U.: Interaction Structures Analysed from Water-Quality Data. Ecological Modelling. 2005. vol. 187, no. 4, 475-490. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.045}}
@misc{petersen_assessment_of_2002, 
author={Petersen, W.,Callies, U.},
title={Assessment of Primary Production by Statistical Analysis of Water-quality Data},
year={2002},
howpublished = {journal article},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Petersen, W.; Callies, U.: Assessment of Primary Production by Statistical Analysis of Water-quality Data. Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica. 2002. vol. 30, no. 1, 34-40.}}
@misc{petersen_process_identification_2001, 
author={Petersen, W.,Bertino, L.,Callies, U.,Zorita, E.},
title={Process identification by principal component analysis of river water-quality data},
year={2001},
howpublished = {journal article},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Petersen, W.; Bertino, L.; Callies, U.; Zorita, E.: Process identification by principal component analysis of river water-quality data. Ecological Modelling. 2001. vol. 138, no. 1 - 3, 193-213.}}
@misc{callies_comparative_forecast_2000, 
author={Callies, U.},
title={Comparative Forecast Evaluation: Graphical Gaussian Models and Sufficiency Relations},
year={2000},
howpublished = {journal article},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Callies, U.: Comparative Forecast Evaluation: Graphical Gaussian Models and Sufficiency Relations. Monthly Weather Review. 2000. vol. 128, 1912-1924.}}
@misc{callies_a_case_1998, 
author={Callies, U.,Rhodin, A.,Eppel, D. P.},
title={A case study on variational soil moisture analysis from atmospheric observations},
year={1998},
howpublished = {journal article},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Callies, U.; Rhodin, A.; Eppel, D.: A case study on variational soil moisture analysis from atmospheric observations. Journal of Hydrology. 1998. vol. 213, 95-108.}}
@misc{callies_on_the_1995, 
author={Callies, U.,Eppel, D. P.},
title={On the sensitivity of a least-squares fit of discretized linear hyperbolic equations to data},
year={1995},
howpublished = {journal article},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Callies, U.; Eppel, D.: On the sensitivity of a least-squares fit of discretized linear hyperbolic equations to data. Tellus  A. 1995. vol. 47, no. 1, 80-102.}}
@misc{callies_datenassimilation_fuer_1992, 
author={Callies, U.,Eppel, D. P.},
title={Datenassimilation fuer numerische Modelle als durch Einfluss der Diskretisierung schlecht gestelltes Optimierungsproblem},
year={1992},
howpublished = {journal article},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Callies, U.; Eppel, D.: Datenassimilation fuer numerische Modelle als durch Einfluss der Diskretisierung schlecht gestelltes Optimierungsproblem. Annalen der Meteorologie (Neue Folge). 1992. vol. 27, 175-176.}}
@misc{callies_entropy_production_1989, 
author={Callies, U.},
title={Entropy production by atmospheric scattering of light},
year={1989},
howpublished = {journal article},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Callies, U.: Entropy production by atmospheric scattering of light. Contributions to Atmospheric Physics. 1989. vol. 62, no. 3, 212-226.}}
@misc{callies_optimierung_der_1989, 
author={Callies, U.,Eppel, D. P.},
title={Optimierung der Anfangs- und Randwerte fuer ein raeumlich begrenztes Modell},
year={1989},
howpublished = {journal article},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Callies, U.; Eppel, D.: Optimierung der Anfangs- und Randwerte fuer ein raeumlich begrenztes Modell. Annalen der Meteorologie (Neue Folge). 1989. vol. 26, 201-202.}}
@misc{callies_on_thermodynamics_1988, 
author={Callies, U.,Herbert, F.},
title={On thermodynamics evolution criteria with radiation effects of the global climate systems},
year={1988},
howpublished = {journal article},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Callies, U.; Herbert, F.: On thermodynamics evolution criteria with radiation effects of the global climate systems. Annales Geophysicae. 1988. vol. 6, no. 6, 645-657.}}
@misc{callies_radiative_processed_1988, 
author={Callies, U.,Herbert, F.},
title={Radiative processed and non-equilibrium thermodynamics},
year={1988},
howpublished = {journal article},
note = {Online available at: \url{} (DOI). Callies, U.; Herbert, F.: Radiative processed and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Zeitschrift fuer Angewandte Mathematik und Physik / Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics. 1988. vol. 39, no. 2, 242-266.}}